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they devoted themselves with one purpose in the temple
You may need to supply the words that have been omitted in this ellipse. What they devoted themselves to doing is stated in verse 42. Alternate translation: "they devoted themselves to the apostles' teaching with one purpose in the temple"
with one purpose
This phrase translates a word that speaks of people who agree with each other and who work together to accomplish a common purpose.
They also broke bread in homes
Bread was part of their meals. Alternate translation: "They also ate meals together in their homes" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche)
food with exultation and humility of heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for the people's emotions. The abstract noun "exultation" can be translated using the verb "exult," and "humility" can be translated using the adjective "humble." Alternate translation: "food, exulting and with humble hearts" or "food, humbly and with great joy" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns)