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So

This is the name of a man. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names)

year by year

"every year"

shut him up and bound him in prison

"put Hoshea in prison"

besieged it

put troops around the city in order to force it to surrender

carried Israel away to Assyria

The name "Israel" is metonymy for the people living there. AT: "took the Israelite people to Assyria" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)

Halah ... Habor River ... Gozan

These are the names of locations. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names)

Medes

This is the name of a people group. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names)