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# But if it is by grace
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Paul continues to explain how God's mercy works. AT: "But since God's mercy works by grace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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# What then?
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"What should we conclude?" Paul asks this question to move his reader to his next point. You can translate this as a statement. AT: "This is what we need to remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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# God has given them a spirit of dullness, eyes so that they should not see, and ears so that they should not hear
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This is a metaphor about the fact that the people are spiritually dull. They are not able to hear or receive spiritual truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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# spirit of
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Here this means "having the characteristics of," such as the "spirit of wisdom."
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# eyes so that they should not see
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The concept of seeing with one's eyes was considered to be equivalent to gaining understanding.
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# ears so that they should not hear
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The concept of hearing with the ears was considered to be equivalent to obedience.
# translationWords
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/israel]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/written]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/god]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]