he went back home with them

"Jesus went back home with Mary and Joseph"

was obedient to them

"obeyed them" or "was always obeying them"

Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's mind or inner being. AT: "carefully remembered all these things" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy)

"become wiser and stronger." These refer to mental and physical growth.

This refers to spiritual and social growth. These could be stated separately. AT: "God blessed him more and more, and people liked him more and more"