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I opposed him to his face
The words "to his face" are a metonym for "where he could see and hear me." AT: "I confronted him in person" or "I challenged his actions in person" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
Before
in relation to time
he stopped
"he stopped eating with them"
He was afraid of those who were demanding circumcision
The reason Cephas was afraid can be stated explicitly. AT: "He was afraid that these men who required circumcision would judge that he was doing something wrong" or "He was afraid that these men who required circumcision would blame him for doing something wrong" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)
those who were demanding circumcision
Jews who had become Christians, but who demanded that those who believe in Christ live according to Jewish customs
kept away from
"stayed away from" or "avoided"