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Numbers 32
Numbers 32:1
Now
This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Moses tells background information about the tribes of Reuben and Gad. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background)
Numbers 32:2
General Information:
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Numbers 32:3
Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam, Nebo, and Beon
These are names of cities. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Numbers 32:4
General Information:
The people from Reuben and Gad continue speaking to Moses, Eleazar, and the other leaders.
the lands that Yahweh attacked before the community of Israel
Yahweh enabling the Israelites to conquer the people who lived in the land is spoken of as if Yahweh went before the Israelites and attacked the people. Alternate translation: "the lands where Yahweh enabled us to defeat the people living there" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
We, your servants
The people of the tribes of Reuben and Gad refer to themselves in this way to show respect to a person of higher authority.
Numbers 32:5
If we have found favor in your eyes
Here "found favor" is an idiom that means be approved of or that the leaders are pleased with them. Here "eyes" are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: "If we have found favor with you" or "If you are pleased with us" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
let this land be given to us
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "give this land to us" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
Do not make us cross over the Jordan
They wanted the land on the east side of the Jordan River instead of crossing over to the west side and claiming land there. Alternate translation: "Do not make us cross over the Jordan to take possession of land on that side" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
Numbers 32:6
Should your brothers go to war while you settle down here?
Moses asks this question to rebuke the people from the tribes of Gad and Reuben. Alternate translation: "It is wrong for you to settle down in this land while your brothers go to war." (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion)
Numbers 32:7
Why discourage the hearts ... the land that Yahweh has given them?
Moses asks this question to correct the people from the tribes of Gad and Reuben. Alternate translation: "Do not discourage the hearts ... the land that Yahweh has given them." or "Your actions would discourage the hearts ... the land that Yahweh has given them." (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion)
discourage the hearts of the people of Israel from going
Here the word "hearts" represents the people themselves and refers to the seat of their emotions. Alternate translation: "discourage the people of Israel from going" or "cause the people of Israel to not want to go" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche)
Numbers 32:8
General Information:
Moses continues speaking to the people of Reuben and Gad.
Numbers 32:9
Valley of Eshkol
This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in Numbers 13:23. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
They saw the land
This refers to seeing what was in the land. Alternate translation: "They saw the strong people and cities in the land" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
discouraged the hearts of the people of Israel
Here the word "hearts" represents the people themselves and refers to the seat of their emotions. See how you translated this in Numbers 32:7. Alternate translation: "discouraged the people of Israel" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche)
Numbers 32:10
Yahweh's anger was kindled
Yahweh becoming angry is spoken of as if his anger was a fire that begins to burn. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh became very angry" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
Numbers 32:11
none of the men
"none of the people." This phrase refers to both men and women.
twenty years old and up
"20 years old or older" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers)
completely followed me
Being devoted to Yahweh and obeying him are spoken of as if they were following Yahweh. Alternate translation: "completely obeyed me" or "been completely devoted to me" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
Numbers 32:12
Jephunneh ... Nun
These are names of men. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Kenizzite
This is the name of a people group. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Only Caleb and Joshua have completely followed me
This is a positive statement of the words "because they have not completely followed me, except for Caleb son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite, and Joshua son of Nun," which begin in verse 11.
Numbers 32:13
Yahweh's anger was kindled against Israel
Yahweh becoming angry is spoken of as if his anger was a fire that begins to burn. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh became very angry with Israel" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
forty years
"40 years" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers)
all the generation ... sight was destroyed
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he destroyed all the generation ... sight" or "all the generation ... sight had died" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
who had done evil in his sight
Being in someone's sight means to be in front of that person where he can see. Alternate translation: "who had done evil before Yahweh" or "who had done evil in Yahweh's presence" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
Numbers 32:14
you have risen up in your fathers' place
The people of Reuben and Gad acting like their ancestors did is spoken of as if they were standing in the place where their ancestors did. Alternate translation: "you have begun to act just like your ancestors" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
to add to Yahweh's burning anger toward Israel
The people causing Yahweh to become angrier is spoken of as if his anger was a fire and the people are adding more fuel to that fire. Alternate translation: "to cause Yahweh to be even more angry with Israel" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
Numbers 32:15
all this people
"this entire people" or "all this generation of people"
Numbers 32:16
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Numbers 32:17
will be ready and armed
"will be ready with weapons" or "will be ready to fight a war"
in the fortified cities
"in the secured cities"
Numbers 32:18
General Information:
The leaders of Gad and Reuben continue speaking.
has obtained his inheritance
The land that the people were to receive as a permanent possession is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they were to obtain. Alternate translation: "has taken possession of his portion of the land" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
Numbers 32:19
General Information:
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Numbers 32:20
if you arm yourselves
"if you take your weapons"
before Yahweh
This means Yahweh will go with them to battle and enable them to defeat their enemy and take their land. Alternate translation: "in the presence of Yahweh" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
Numbers 32:21
until he has driven out his enemies from before him
"until Yahweh has driven out his enemies from his presence." The pronouns here all refer to Yahweh. Yahweh enabling the Israelites to defeat their enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh were fighting their battles. Alternate translation: "until Yahweh has enabled your soldiers to defeat the enemy and force them away from his presence" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
Numbers 32:22
the land is subdued before him
Here the word "land" refers to the people who live there. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "in his presence the Israelites have subdued the people who live in the land" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
you may return
It is implied that they will return to the east side of the Jordan. Alternate translation: "you may return to this land on the east side of the Jordan" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
You will be guiltless toward Yahweh and toward Israel
Possible meanings are 1) "You will have fulfilled your obligation to Yahweh and to Israel" or 2) "There will be nothing for which Yahweh or the people of Israel can blame you."
Numbers 32:23
Be sure that your sin will find you out
Moses speaks of sin as if it were a person who will condemn the guilty person. This means that the people cannot escape the punishment that their sin deserves. Alternate translation: "Know for sure that Yahweh will punish you for your sin" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification)
Numbers 32:24
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Numbers 32:25
Your servants
The people of Gad and Reuben refer to themselves as "your servants." This is a polite way of speaking to someone with greater authority.
Numbers 32:26
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Numbers 32:27
will cross over
You can make it clear that they will cross over the Jordan. Alternate translation: "will cross over the Jordan River" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
every man who is armed for war
"every man prepared for war"
Numbers 32:28
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Numbers 32:29
every man who is armed
"every man who is ready with his weapon"
if the land is subdued before you
Here the word "land" refers to the people who live there. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "if Yahweh subdues before you the people living in the land" or "if they help you subdue the people living in the land" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
Numbers 32:30
then they will acquire their possessions among you in the land of Canaan
"then the descendants of Gad and Reuben will receive land with you in Canaan"
Numbers 32:31
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Numbers 32:32
We will cross over armed
You can make it clear that they will cross the Jordan. Alternate translation: "We will cross over the Jordan ready to fight" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
our possessed inheritance
The land that the people were to receive as a permanent possession is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they were to obtain. Alternate translation: "the portion of land that we will possess" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
will remain with us
This idiom refers to ownership. Alternate translation: "will be ours" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
Numbers 32:33
Sihon ... Og
These are names of kings who ruled two separate kingdoms.(See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Numbers 32:34
Dibon, Ataroth, Aroer
These are names of cities. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Numbers 32:35
Atroth Shophan, Jazer, Jogbehah
These are names of cities. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Numbers 32:36
Beth Nimrah, and Beth Haran
These are names of cities. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Numbers 32:37
Heshbon, Elealeh, Kiriathaim
These are names of cities. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Numbers 32:38
Nebo, Baal Meon ... Sibmah
These are names of cities. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
their names were later changed
This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "people later changed the names of these cities" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
Numbers 32:39
Makir
This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in Numbers 26:29.
Numbers 32:40
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Numbers 32:41
Jair
This is the name of a man. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Havvoth Jair
This is the name of a city. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Numbers 32:42
Nobah
This is the name of a man. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Kenath
This is the name of a city. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)