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Joshua 11
Joshua 11:1
Jabin ... Jobab
These are names of kings. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Hazor ... Madon ... Shimron ... Akshaph
These are the names of places. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Joshua 11:2
Kinnereth ... Naphoth Dor
These are the names of places. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Joshua 11:3
Mount Hermon
This is the name of a mountain. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Joshua 11:4
General Information:
All the Canaanite kings attack Joshua and the nation of Israel.
a great number of soldiers, in number like the sand on the seashore
No one can count the grains of sand on the seashore. This exaggeration emphasizes the very large number of soldiers that these kings assembled. Alternate translation: "such a great number of soldiers that there appeared to be as many of them as there are grains of sand on the seashore" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole)
Joshua 11:5
Merom
This is the name of a place. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Joshua 11:6
I am giving them all to Israel as dead men
Yahweh enabling Israel to conquer the enemy army and kill all of the soldiers is spoken of as if Yahweh killed the soldiers and then gave them to Israel. Alternate translation: "I will enable Israel to kill all of them in battle" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
hamstring their horses
"cripple their horses by cutting their legs." This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot walk.
Joshua 11:7
Merom
This is the name of a place. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Joshua 11:8
Yahweh gave the enemy into the hand of Israel
Here the word "hand" represents power. Yahweh enabling the army of Israel to conquer their enemy is spoken of as if Yahweh had put the enemy army into Israel's hand. Alternate translation: "Yahweh enabled Israel to conquer the enemy" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
struck them ... struck them
"attacked them ... attacked them"
Misrephoth Maim
This is the name of a place. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Joshua 11:9
hamstrung
This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot run. See how you translated this word in Joshua 11:6.
Joshua 11:10
He struck its king with the sword
"Joshua killed the king of Hazor with his sword"
Hazor had been head of all these kingdoms
Hazor being the most important city is spoken of as Hazor being the head of the other kingdoms. Alternate translation: Hazor had been the most important of all these kingdoms" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor and rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Joshua 11:11
They struck with the sword every living creature that was there ... so there was not any living creature left alive
These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism)
he set them apart to be destroyed
The word "he" refers to Joshua and represents himself and his army. Completely destroying every living thing in the city is spoken of as if those living things were dedicated for destruction. Alternate translation: "the army completely destroyed them" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
Joshua 11:12
struck them with the edge of the sword
"killed them"
Joshua 11:13
Israel did not burn any of the cities built on mounds, except Hazor
This double negative emphasizes that Hazor was the only city built on a mound that Israel burned. Alternate translation: "The only city built on a mound that Israel burned was Hazor" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublenegatives)
cities built on mounds
"cities built on small hills"
Joshua 11:14
for themselves
This phrase refers to the army of Israel. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rpronouns)
They killed every human being with the edge of the sword until all were dead. They left alive no creature that breathed.
These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism)
Joshua 11:15
He left nothing undone of all that Yahweh commanded Moses to do
This negative phrase emphasizes that Joshua did everything that Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: "Joshua did everything that Yahweh commanded" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-litotes)
Joshua 11:16
General Information:
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Joshua 11:17
Mount Halak ... Baal Gad
These are the names of places. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Joshua 11:18
General Information:
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Joshua 11:19
Not one city made peace with the army of Israel except the Hivites who lived in Gibeon
This double negative emphasizes that the Hivites were the only people who made peace with Israel. The phrase "one city" is a metonym for the people who lived in that one city. Alternate translation: "The only city that made peace with the army of Israel was the Hivites who lived in Gibeon" or "The only people who made peace with the army of Israel were the Hivites who lived in Gibeon" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublenegatives and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
Joshua 11:20
it was Yahweh who hardened their hearts
Yahweh causing the people of the cities to be stubborn is spoken of as if Yahweh had hardened their hearts. Alternate translation: "it was Yahweh who caused them to act stubbornly" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
Joshua 11:21
Anakim
These are the descendants of Anak. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Debir ... Anab
These are the names of places. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Joshua 11:22
None of the Anakim were left in the land of Israel except at Gaza, Gath, and Ashdod.
This double negative emphasizes that Gaza, Gath, and Ashdod were the only places in which the Anakim were left. Alternate translation: "The only Anakim left in the land of Israel were those in Gaza, Gath, and Ashdod" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublenegatives)
Joshua 11:23
Joshua gave it as an inheritance to Israel
Joshua giving the land to the Israelites is spoken of as if he had given the Israelites an inheritance as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "Joshua gave the land to the Israelites as a permanent possession" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
the land had rest from the wars
The people no longer fighting wars is spoken of as if the land were a person who rested from war. Alternate translation: "the people no longer fought wars in the land" or "there was peace in the land" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)