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Deuteronomy 23
Deuteronomy 23:1
man whose genitals are crushed or cut off
"man whose private body parts someone has crushed or cut off." Moses is referring to a man's male organs.
may enter the assembly of Yahweh
This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "may be a full member of the Israelite community" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
Deuteronomy 23:2
illegitimate child
Possible meanings are 1) a child born to parents who committed incest or adultery or 2) a child born to a prostitute.
as far as to the tenth generation of his descendants
This "tenth" is the ordinal number for ten. Alternate translation: "even after ten generations of the illegitimate child's descendants" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal)
none of them
"none of these descendants"
Deuteronomy 23:3
may not belong to the assembly of Yahweh
This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "may not be a full member of the Israelite community" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
as far as to the tenth generation of his descendants
This "tenth"is the ordinal number for ten. Alternate translation: "even after ten generations of his descendants" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal)
Deuteronomy 23:4
they did not meet you with bread and with water
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "they did not welcome you by bringing you food and drink" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
against you ... curse you
Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "you" here is singular. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you)
Deuteronomy 23:5
General Information:
Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you)
would not listen
This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "did not pay attention" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
turned the curse into a blessing for you
"had him bless you and not curse you"
Deuteronomy 23:6
You must never seek their peace or prosperity
Possible meanings are 1) "You should never make a peace treaty with the Ammonites and the Moabites" or 2) "You must not do anything to cause things to go well for those 2 people groups to enable them to prosper" .
during all your days
This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "as long as you are a nation" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
Deuteronomy 23:7
General Information:
Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you)
You must not detest an Edomite
"Do not hate an Edomite"
for he is your brother
"because he is your relative"
you must not abhor an Egyptian
"do not hate an Egyptian"
Deuteronomy 23:8
The descendants of the third generation that are born to them may belong to the assembly of Yahweh
This "third" is the ordinal number for three. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "If an Edomite or an Egyptian comes to live in the Israelite community, his grandchildren may become full members of that community" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
Deuteronomy 23:9
When you march out as an army against your enemies, then you must keep yourselves
Moses speaks here to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" are singular. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you)
against your enemies
"to fight against your enemies"
keep yourselves from every evil thing
"keep yourselves away from all bad things"
Deuteronomy 23:10
any man who is unclean because of what happened to him at night
This is a polite way of saying that he had an emission of semen. Alternate translation: "any man who is unclean because he had an emission of semen while he was asleep" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism)
Deuteronomy 23:11
General Information:
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Deuteronomy 23:12
General Information:
Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you)
Deuteronomy 23:13
you will have something among your tools to dig with
"you should have a tool that you can use to dig with"
when you squat down to relieve yourself
This is a polite way of saying to defecate. Alternate translation: "when you squat down to defecate" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism)
you must dig with it
"you must dig a hole with the tool"
cover up what has come out from you
"cover up your excrement"
Deuteronomy 23:14
so that he may not see any unclean thing among you
"so that Yahweh may not see any unclean thing among you"
Deuteronomy 23:15
General Information:
Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you)
a slave who has escaped from his master
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "a slave from another country who escaped from his master and came to Israel" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
Deuteronomy 23:16
Let him live with you
"Let the slave live among your people"
Deuteronomy 23:17
General Information:
Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you)
cultic prostitute ... among any of the daughters ... among the sons
Possible meanings are that Moses 1) openly forbids women and men to perform sexual acts as part of temple service or 2) uses a euphemism to forbid women and men to perform sexual acts to receive money. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism)
Deuteronomy 23:18
You must not bring the wages of a prostitute ... into the house
"A woman who earns money as a prostitute must not bring that money ... into the house"
a dog
a man who allows men to have sex with him for money
into the house of Yahweh your God
"into the temple"
for any vow
"to fulfill a vow"
both these
the wages of a female prostitute and of a male prostitute.
Deuteronomy 23:19
General Information:
Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you)
lend on interest
to lend to somebody and force that person to pay back more than was lent
interest of money ... anything that is lent on interest
"you must not charge interest when you lend somebody money, food, or anything else"
Deuteronomy 23:20
all that you put your hand to
This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "all that you do" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
Deuteronomy 23:21
General Information:
Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you)
you must not be slow in fulfilling it
"you must not take a long time to fulfill the vow"
for Yahweh your God will surely require it of you
"because Yahweh your God will blame you and punish you if you do not fulfill your vow"
Deuteronomy 23:22
But if you will refrain from making a vow, it will be no sin for you
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "But, if you do not make a vow, you will not sin because you will not have a vow to fulfill" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
Deuteronomy 23:23
That which has gone out from your lips
This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "The words you have spoken" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
according as you have vowed to Yahweh your God
"whatever you have vowed to Yahweh your God that you will do"
anything that you have freely promised with your mouth
"anything that people have heard you promise to do because you wanted to do it"
with your mouth
"so that people heard you say it"
Deuteronomy 23:24
General Information:
Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you)
you may eat as many grapes as you desire
"then you may enjoy eating grapes until you are full"
but do not put any in your basket
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "but you may not put any grapes in your bag to take them away with you" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
Deuteronomy 23:25
When you go into your neighbor's ripe grain
"When you walk through your neighbor's field where there is grain growing"
you may pluck the heads of grain with your hand
"then you may eat the kernels of grain with your hand"
but do not put a sickle to your neighbor's ripe grain
"but do not cut down your neighbor's ripe grain and take it with you"
sickle
a sharp tool that farmers use to harvest wheat