en_tn/gen/42/37.md

Put him under my authority

"Put me in charge of him"

My son will not go down with you

"My son will not go with you to Egypt." In 42:8 the word "you" is plural and refers to Jacob's older sons. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you)

For his brother is dead and he alone is left

The full meaning can be made explicit: "For my wife, Rachel, only had two children. Joseph is dead and Benjamin is the only one left." (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)

then you will bring down my gray hair with sorrow to Sheol

Here "gray hair" refers to Jacob and emphasizes his old age. Also, "bring down...to Sheol" is another way of saying "cause to die." Alternate translation: "then you will cause me, an old man, to die of sorrow." (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche)