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God predestined us for adoption

The word "us" refers to Paul, the Ephesian church, and all believers in Christ. Alternate translation: "God planned long ago to adopt us" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive)

God predestined us

"God chose us ahead of time" or "God chose us long ago"

for adoption as sons

Here "adoption" refers to becoming part of God's family. Here the word "sons" refers to males and females. Alternate translation: "to be adopted as his children" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations)

through Jesus Christ

God brought believers into his family by the work of Jesus Christ.

his will

"God's will"

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