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Sheol and destruction are open before Yahweh
The words "Sheol and destruction" both refer to the place of the dead. Yahweh knowing everything about the place of the dead is spoken of as if it were open before Yahweh. Alternate translation: "Yahweh knows everything about the place where dead people are" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
how much more the hearts of the sons of mankind?
This rhetorical question emphasizes that since Yahweh knows everything about the place of the dead, it is more obvious that he knows everything about the hearts of men. Alternate translation: "so he certainly knows the hearts of the sons of mankind!" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)
the hearts of the sons of mankind
Here the word "hearts" represents the thoughts and motivations. The phrase "the sons of mankind" is an idiom for humanity. Alternate translation: "the thoughts of humans" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom)