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Now I want
the word "now" is used here to mark a new part of the letter.
that the things which happened to me
Paul is talking about his time in prison. You can make this explicit: "that the things I suffered because I was put into prison for preaching about Jesus" (rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)
have advanced the progress of the gospel.
"have caused more people to believe in Christ."
my bonds in Christ
"my imprisonment because of my preaching the gospel of Jesus Christ"
my bonds in Christ became known throughout the whole palace guard
This can translated as an active clause:"This is because the palace guards know I am here because I tell others about Christ." (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive)
palace guards
This is a group of soldiers that helped protect the Roman emperor.
and to everyone else
"Many other people in Rome also know why I am in prison."
And also so that most of the brothers...Speak the word
"Also, most of the brothers speak the word of God with confidence, boldness and without fear because of my imprisonment".
with more boldness and without fear
"with complete confidence" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet)