He who keeps the law

To "keep the law" means to do what God's law requires. AT: "He who obeys God's law" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)

a son who has understanding

The abstract noun "understanding" can be expressed as a verb. AT: "a son who understands" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)

"people who eat too much." A "glutton" is a person who often eats and drinks excessively.

"puts his father to shame" or "dishonors his father"

"increases his wealth"

"charging extra money to borrow"

money paid by a borrower for the use of someone else's money

"brings his wealth together"

"for another person"

a strong feeling of sadness or sympathy for someone