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the days of our ancestors
"the time when our ancestors were alive"
in great guilt ... In our iniquities
The abstract nouns "guilt" and "iniquity" can be translated as an adjective and a verb, respectively. AT: "very guilty ... Because of the evil deeds we did" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)
we ... were given into the hand of kings
This can be translated in active form. AT: "you gave us ... into the hand of kings" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive)
were given into the hand of kings of this world
Here "hand" represents power or control. AT: "were given into the control of the kings of this world" or "were given over to the kings of this world" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
to the sword, to captivity, and to plunder and ashamed faces
The sword is a metonym for people killing other people. The abstract nouns "captivity" and "plunder" can be stated as verb phrases. And, "faces" is a synecdoche representing the whole person. AT: "to our enemies to kill us, to capture us, to steal from us, and to cause us shame" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche)