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went out into the countryside against Israel
This means that they went out and fought against them in battle. AT: "went out into the countryside and fought against Israel" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)
against Israel
Here "Israel" refers to their soldiers, not all of the Israelites. AT: "against the Israelite soldiers" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche)
The army of Israel was defeated there before the soldiers of David
This can be stated in active form. AT: "There the soldiers of David defeated the army of Israel" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive)
a great slaughter
an event where many people are brutally killed
twenty thousand men
"20,000 men" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers)
more men were consumed by the forest than by the sword
Here "the forest" is described as if it were alive and could act. "The sword" refers to David's soldiers who fought with swords. AT: "dangerous things in the forest killed more men than David's soldiers killed with their swords" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)