en_tn_condensed/2sa/10/06.md

they had become a stench to David

The phrase "become a stench" is a metaphor for "they had become offensive." AT: "they had become offensive like a bad smell to David" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)

Beth Rehob ... Zobah ... Maacah ... Tob

These are the names of places. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names)

twenty thousand ... a thousand ... twelve thousand

"20,000 ... 1,000 ... 12,000" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers)

to their city gate

Here "the city" refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites.