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these things
This refers to faith, virtue, knowledge, self-control, endurance, godliness, brotherly affection, and love, which Peter mentioned in the previous verses.
you will not be barren or unfruitful
Peter speaks of a person who does not possess these qualities as if he is a field that will not produce a crop. This can be stated in positive terms. AT: "you will produce and be fruitful" or "you will be effective" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives)
barren or unfruitful
These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this person will not be productive or experience any benefits from knowing Jesus. AT: "unproductive" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet)
in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ
You can translate "knowledge" using a verbal phrase. AT: "through your knowing God and Jesus our Lord" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)
whoever lacks these things
any person who does not have these things
sees only what is near; he is blind
Peter speaks of a person who does not possess these qualities as if he were a nearsighted or blind person because he does not understand their value. AT: "is like a shortsighted person who cannot see their importance" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
the cleansing from his old sins
You can use a verb to translate this. AT: "that God has cleansed him from his old sins" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)