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General Information:
The writer continues instructing the wicked people.
He who disciplines the nations, does he not correct?
This question can be translated as a statement. It is implied that Yahweh corrects his people. AT: "You know that Yahweh corrects the nations, so you can be sure that he will correct his people!" or "he will punish his people!" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)
does he not correct
This can be stated in positive form. Possible meanings are 1) God corrects. AT: "he corrects" or 2) God punishes. "he punishes" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes)
that they are vapor
Here the thoughts of men are compared to vapor or steam that disappears into the air. This metaphor shows how unimportant and useless they are. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
vapor
"steam." See how this word is translated in Psalms 39:11