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David and all Israel
Here the phrase "all Israel" represents the entire Israelite army. AT: "David and all the Israelite army" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
Now the Jebusites ... were there
The word "now" is used to mark a break in the main storyline. Here the narrator tells background information about Jerusalem. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background)
David took the stronghold of Zion
Here the word "took" is an idiom that means "captured" or "conquered." Since David led the army, his name here is a synecdoche for the whole army who attacked the city. AT: "David captured the stronghold of Zion" or "David and the Israelite army captured the stronghold of Zion" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche)
the stronghold of Zion ... the city of David
Both of these names refer to Jerusalem.
so he was made the chief
This can be stated in active form. AT: "so David made Joab the chief" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive)