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the Comforter will prove the world to be wrong about sin ... righteousness ... I am going to the Father
When the Holy Spirit came, he began to show people that they are sinners.
Comforter
This refers to the Holy Spirit. See how you translated this in John 14:16.
world
This is a metonym that refers to the people in the world.(See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
about sin, because they do not believe in me
"they are guilty of sin because they do not trust in me"
about righteousness, because I am going to the Father, and you will no longer see me
"when I return to God, and they see me no more, they will know that I did the right things"
Father
This is an important title for God. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples)
about judgment, because the ruler of this world has been judged
"God will hold them accountable and will punish them for their sins, just as he will punish Satan, the one who rules this world"
the ruler of this world
Here "ruler" refers to Satan. See how you translated this in John 12:31. AT: "Satan who rules this world"