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all Israel came to David
This is a generalization that means people from every tribe in Israel came to David, but not every individual. AT: "people from throughout Israel came to David" or "people from every tribe in Israel came to David" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole)
we are your flesh and bone
This idiom means that they are relatives. AT: "we are your relatives" or "we have the same ancestors as you" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom)
In the recent past
This is historical information. Saul had been their king before David. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background)
You will shepherd my people Israel, and you will become a ruler over my people Israel
These two clauses mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh had chosen David to be king. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism)
You will shepherd my people Israel
Here ruling over the people is spoken of as shepherding them. AT: "'You will care for my people Israel" or "You will lead my people Israel" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
They anointed David king over Israel
To "anoint" is a symbolic act to show that they recognized that God had chosen David as king. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction)
the word of Yahweh that had been declared by Samuel
This can be stated in active form. AT: "the word of Yahweh that Samuel had declared" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive)