See in Reader
Merge branch 'Susan_Sept_24' into cro-merge-2024-09
This commit is contained in:
Craig Oliver
commit
e4d4841a27
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@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
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# She weeps bitterly ... and her tears cover her cheeks
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The author describes Jerusalem as having emotions like a human being. The city also stands for her inhabitants. Alternate translation: "Those who live in her weep and wail ... and their tears cover their cheeks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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The city also stands for her inhabitants. Alternate translation: "Those who live in her weep and wail ... and their tears cover their cheeks"
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# None of her lovers comfort her. All her friends have betrayed her
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This speaks of the people groups that had been faithful to Jerusalem betraying Jerusalem, as if the people groups were Jerusalem's lovers and friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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The words "lovers" and "friends" represent other nations that had been allies of Jerusalem.
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22
lam/01/03.md
22
lam/01/03.md
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@ -1,32 +1,20 @@
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# General Information:
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In this verse, the people of Judah are spoken of as if they were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
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In this verse, the kingdom of Judah is spoken of as if it were a woman.
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# Judah has gone into exile
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Here Judah refers to its inhabitants. Alternate translation: "the people of Judah have gone into exile" or "the people of Judah have been taken into a foreign land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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# after affliction and great labor
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Possible meanings are 1) "after suffering affliction and having done great labor" or 2) "because of the affliction she suffered and the great labor was forced to do" or 3) "through while she is being afflicted and having to do great labor."
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# She lives ... finds
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Here the kingdom of Judah is described as a woman. "She" also stands for the citizens of Judah. Alternate translation: "Her people live ... they find" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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"Judah has been taken to a foreign land"
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# finds no rest
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"does not find rest" or "is always afraid"
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# All her pursuers overtook her in her desperation
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This speaks of the people of Judah being captured by their enemies as if they were a woman who was captured by those pursuing her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
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"does not find a place to rest" or "is always afraid"
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# All her pursuers overtook her
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"Everyone who was chasing her managed to capture her" or "Everyone who was hunting for her found her"
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"Everyone who was chasing her captured her"
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# in her desperation
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The word "desperation" can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: "when she was desperate" or "when she was distressed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
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"when she was desperate" or "when she was distressed"
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10
lam/01/04.md
10
lam/01/04.md
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@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
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# General Information:
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The city of Zion is spoken of as if it were a woman. In Lamentations, Zion and Jerusalem are names used to refer to the same city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
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# The roads of Zion mourn
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The author speaks of the roads that lead to Zion mourning as if they were human beings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
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Zion is another name for Jerusalem.
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# the appointed feasts
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@ -12,9 +8,9 @@ The author speaks of the roads that lead to Zion mourning as if they were human
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# All her gates are desolate
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The word "her" refers to Zion. Alternate translation: "All of Zion's gates are empty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
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"All of Zion's gates are empty"
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# Her virgins are afflicted, and as for her, it is bitter for her
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Here the people of Zion being distressed are spoken of as if they were a woman in distress. Alternate translation: "Zion's virgins are sorrowful, and life is bitter for her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
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"Zion's virgins are sorrowful, and life is bitter for her"
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10
lam/01/05.md
10
lam/01/05.md
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@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
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# Her adversaries have become her master; her enemies prosper
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# Her adversaries have become her master
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"Zion's adversaries rule over it; its enemies prosper"
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# Yahweh has afflicted her for her many sins
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This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people of Zion for their sins as if they were a woman that Yahweh was punishing. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has afflicted her people because of the sins they have committed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
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"Zion's adversaries rule over her
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# Her little children go into captivity to her adversary
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The word "captivity" can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: "Her enemy captures her little children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
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"Her enemy captures her little children"
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20
lam/01/06.md
20
lam/01/06.md
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@ -1,28 +1,20 @@
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# General Information:
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The city of Zion is spoken of as if it were a woman. In Lamentations, Zion and Jerusalem are names used to refer to the same city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
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# Splendor has left the daughter of Zion
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This speaks of everything beautiful in Zion being destroyed as if "splendor" were a person that left Zion. Alternate translation: "Everything that was beautiful about the daughter of Zion is destroyed"
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"Everything that was beautiful about the daughter of Zion is destroyed"
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# daughter of Zion
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This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
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This is a poetic name for Jerusalem.
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# Her princes have become like deer that cannot find pasture
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This speaks of Zion's princes having nothing to eat like deer that cannot find grass to eat. Alternate translation: "Her princes are starving, they are like deer that cannot find grass to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
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"Her princes are starving, like deer that cannot find grass to eat"
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# deer
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A deer is a medium-sized, grass-eating animal that is often hunted by humans for food. It is also a beautiful animal to look at.
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A deer is a medium-sized, grass-eating animal that people hunt for food. It is also a beautiful animal to look at.
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# they go without strength before
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# they go without strength before their pursuer
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"they are not strong enough to run away from" or "they are very weak before"
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# their pursuer
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"the person that is pursuing them"
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"they are not strong enough to run away from the one who chases them"
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20
lam/01/07.md
20
lam/01/07.md
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@ -1,28 +1,20 @@
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# In the days of her affliction and her homelessness
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"During the time of her affliction and her homelessness"
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When she is afflicted and homeless
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# Jerusalem will call to mind
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Here "Jerusalem" refers to the people who live there. The phrase "call to mind" is an idiom. Alternate translation: "the people of Jerusalem will remember" or "Jerusalem will remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
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# precious treasures
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This refers to their valuable possessions.
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"Jerusalem will remember"
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# in former days
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"in the past." This refers to the time before the people of Jerusalem were captured. Alternate translation: "before this disaster happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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"in the past"
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# When her people fell into the hand of the adversary
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Here the word "hand" refers the control of the enemy army. Alternate translation: "When the adversary conquered and captured her people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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"When the enemy conquered and captured her people"
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# saw her and mocked at her destruction
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# mocked at her destruction
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This means that they were glad and mocked the people of Jerusalem when the city was destroyed.
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# at her destruction
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This word "destruction" can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: "because she was destroyed" or "while they destroyed her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
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"laughed at her because she was destroyed"
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18
lam/01/08.md
18
lam/01/08.md
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@ -1,20 +1,4 @@
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# General Information:
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The city of Jerusalem is spoken of as if it were a woman. In Lamentations, Zion and Jerusalem are names used to refer to the same city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
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# Jerusalem sinned greatly, therefore, she has become scorned as something that is filthy
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This speaks of Jerusalem being scorned in the same way that a woman is scorned when she is unclean. According to the law of Moses, a woman was considered unclean during her monthly bleeding. Alternate translation: "Jerusalem's sins have made her filthy and unclean, and therefore she was unacceptable before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
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# Jerusalem sinned greatly
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This describes Jerusalem as a woman who sinned, while it also stands for the inhabitants of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "The people of Jerusalem sinned greatly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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# has become scorned
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This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "has become an object of scorn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
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# her nakedness
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"her naked." Jerusalem is described as a woman whose private parts have been exposed to everyone to shame her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
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"Jerusalem has sinned terribly"
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22
lam/01/09.md
22
lam/01/09.md
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@ -1,28 +1,12 @@
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# She has become unclean beneath her skirts
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According to the law of Moses, a woman was considered unclean during her monthly bleeding. This speaks of Jerusalem being unclean, as if it were a menstruating woman. Alternate translation: "Jerusalem has become unclean, as when a woman is unclean beneath her skirts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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# unclean
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A person who God considers to be spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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"Jerusalem has become unclean, as when a woman is unclean beneath her skirts"
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# Her fall was astonishing
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The phrase "her fall" is an metaphor for the city being destroyed. Alternate translation: "Those who saw how she was destroyed were astonished" or "Those who saw how the city was destroyed were astonished" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
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# astonishing
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Usually this word refers to a miracle that helps people, but here it refers to an event that no one thought could happen, but that has been so harmful that people have a hard time believing what they see.
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"Those who saw how she was destroyed were astonished" or "Those who saw her fall were shocked"
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# Look at my affliction, Yahweh
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Possible meanings are that 1) the author of Lamentations now talks directly to Yahweh or 2) Jerusalem is described as talking to Yahweh like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
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# Look at
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"Pay attention to"
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# the enemy has become too great
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This means that they enemy army has become too large and powerful and has defeated Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "the enemy army has defeated me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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"Yahweh, see how I suffer"
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15
lam/01/10.md
15
lam/01/10.md
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@ -1,18 +1,11 @@
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# has put his hand on
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# has put his hand on all our precious treasures
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This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "has taken possession of" or "has stolen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
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"has taken all our precious treasures"
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# precious treasures
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This refers to their valuable possessions.
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# She has seen the nations
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# She has seen
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The word "She" refers to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
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# the nations
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This refers to people from various nations, not the entire population of those nations. Alternate translation: "people from the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
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Jersalem has seen people from the nations
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# you had commanded
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18
lam/01/11.md
18
lam/01/11.md
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@ -1,24 +1,12 @@
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# her people
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# All her people
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The word "her" refers to Jerusalem which is described as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: "her inhabitants" or "the people of the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
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"All Jerusalem's people"
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# bread
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This refers to food in general. Alternate translation: "food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
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# They have given their precious treasures for food
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This means they traded their wealth and their valuables in exchange for food. Alternate translation: "They have traded their precious treasures in exchange for food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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# precious treasures
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This refers to their valuable possessions.
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This refers to food in general.
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# to restore their lives
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"to save their lives" or "to restore their strength"
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# Look, Yahweh, and consider me
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Here Jerusalem speaks directly to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
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14
lam/01/12.md
14
lam/01/12.md
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@ -1,20 +1,12 @@
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# Is it nothing to you, all you who pass by?
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This rhetorical question is an accusation aganist the people who walk past Jerusalem and do not care about its well-being. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "All you who pass by should care more for my affliction!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
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# Is it nothing to you
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Here Jerusalem continues to speak, but now to people who pass by instead of to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
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# Look and see
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These words share similar meanings. Together they invite the reader to understand by seeing that no one has suffered so much. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]])
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"All you who pass by should care that I am being afflicted!"
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# the sorrow that is being inflicted on me
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This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the sorrow that Yahweh is inflicting upon me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
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"the sorrow that Yahweh is inflicting upon me"
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# on the day of his fierce anger
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Here the word "day" is used as an idiom. Alternate translation: "when he was fiercely angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
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"when he is fiercely angry"
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22
lam/01/13.md
22
lam/01/13.md
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@ -1,24 +1,12 @@
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# General Information:
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# It is from on hight that he has sent fire into my bones,
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In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
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# on high
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This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
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# he has sent fire into my bones, and it has conquered them
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This speaks of Yahweh punishing Jerusalem as if Jerusalem were a person that Yahweh were punishing with fire. Alternate translation: "he has sent a painful punishment into my inner being, and it has destroyed me" or "he has sent a destructive punishment into the middle of Jerusalem, and it has destroyed the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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# has sent fire into my bones
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Here "fire" represents pain and "bones" represents one's inner being. Alternate translation: "has sent pain into my bones" or "has sent pain into my inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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From heaven Yahweh has sent fire into my bones
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# He has spread a net for my feet
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This speaks of Yahweh punishing Jerusalem as if Jerusalem were a person that Yahweh had set a trap for. This refers to a type of trap usually used to catch an animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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"He has made a trap for me"
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# turned me back
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# and turned me back
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This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "prevented my from walking any further" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
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"and made me go back
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@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
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# The yoke of my transgressions ... They are knit together and placed upon my neck
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This speaks of the people of Jerusalem's sins as if they were a yoke bearing a heavy burden that Yahweh had placed on their necks. Also, this can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "My transgressions are like a yoke that he has bound together with his hands and placed upon my neck" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
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"My transgressions are heavy like a yoke that he has bound together with his hands and placed on my neck"
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# given me over into their hands
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# has given me over into their hands
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"given me over into the hands of my enemies." Here their enemies' control is represented by their "hands." Alternate translation: "given my over to the control of my enemies" or "let my enemies defeat me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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"has given me over to the control of my enemies" or "has let my enemies defeat me"
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# I am not able to stand
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This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "I cannot resist them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
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"I cannot resist them"
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20
lam/01/15.md
20
lam/01/15.md
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@ -1,28 +1,20 @@
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# General Information:
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# all my mighty men
|
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|
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In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
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# mighty men
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"strongest soldiers"
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"all my strong soldiers"
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# an assembly
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Here the enemy army attacking Jerusalem is spoken of as if it were a meeting of people who have come together in order to accuse and condemn someone. Alternate translation: "a great army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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"an army"
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# to crush my vigorous men
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This speaks of the enemy army defeating the soldiers of Jerusalem as if they crushed them. Alternate translation: "to defeat my vigorous men"
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# vigorous men
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This refers to men at the strongest time of their lives.
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"to defeat my strong youg men"
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# The Lord has trampled ... in the winepress
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|
||||
Here the judgment of God is described as if Jerusalem were grapes on which he had trampled in order to squeeze out the juice. Alternate translation: "It is as though the Lord has trampled upon the virgin daughter of Judah in a winepress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"It is as though the Lord has trampled upon the virgin daughter of Judah in a winepress" or "The Lord has punished the virgin daughter of Judah has harshly as a winemaker stomps on grapes to squeeze out the juice"
|
||||
|
||||
# the virgin daughter of Judah
|
||||
|
||||
This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. The word "virgin" suggests that this woman is pure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
This is a poetic name for Jerusalem.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
10
lam/01/16.md
10
lam/01/16.md
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# General Information:
|
||||
|
||||
In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. In Lamentations, Zion and Jerusalem are names used to refer to the same city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
|
||||
|
||||
# for a comforter is far from me, one who restores my life
|
||||
|
||||
This speaks of Jerusalem having no one to comfort her as if she did have a comforter, but that he was far away. The word "comforter" can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: "for there is no one to comfort me and restore my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"for there is no one to comfort me and restore my life"
|
||||
|
||||
# restores my life
|
||||
# one who restores my life
|
||||
|
||||
"revives me"
|
||||
"one who revives me"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
|
|||
# Zion has spread her hands wide
|
||||
|
||||
Here Jerusalem no longer speaks about herself; instead the author describes Jerusalem. He speaks of Zion as if it were a woman that lifts up her hands to ask for help. Alternate translation: "Zion has reached out for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]])
|
||||
"Zion has spread out her hands to ask for help" or "Zion has reached out for help"
|
||||
|
||||
# those around Jacob
|
||||
|
||||
"the people around Jacob" or "the nations surrounding Jacob"
|
||||
|
||||
# around Jacob should be his adversaries
|
||||
# that those around Jacob should be his adversaries
|
||||
|
||||
Here "Jacob" refers to his descendants, that is Israel. Alternate translation: "around Jacob's descendants should be their adversaries" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
Here "Jacob" refers to Jacob's descendants, that is Israel.
|
||||
|
||||
# unclean
|
||||
|
||||
A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
16
lam/01/18.md
16
lam/01/18.md
|
|
@ -1,24 +1,16 @@
|
|||
# General Information:
|
||||
|
||||
In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
|
||||
In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself.
|
||||
|
||||
# Yahweh is righteous
|
||||
|
||||
This implies that what Yahweh has done, he has done because he is righteous. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has acted out of his righteousness" or "What Yahweh has done is right"
|
||||
|
||||
# Hear ... see
|
||||
|
||||
These imperatives are spoken as polite requests, not commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-imperative]])
|
||||
"Yahweh has acted out of his righteousness" or "What Yahweh has done is right"
|
||||
|
||||
# see my sorrow
|
||||
|
||||
The word "sorrow" can be expressed as a "sad." Alternate translation: "see how extremely sad I am" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
"see how extremely sad I am"
|
||||
|
||||
# My virgins and my vigorous men have gone into captivity
|
||||
|
||||
Here all of the people of Jerusalem who were taken into captivity are represented by the "virgins" and the "vigorous men" who were taken. Alternate translation: "Many of my people, including my virgins and vigorous men, have gone into captivity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||||
|
||||
# vigorous men
|
||||
|
||||
This refers to men at the strongest time of their lives. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 1:15](../01/15.md).
|
||||
"Many of my people, including my virgins and strong young men, have gone into captivity"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
|
|||
# I called for my lovers
|
||||
|
||||
The word "lovers" is a metaphor for the other nations that the people of Judah hoped would help them fight their enemy. Alternate translation: "I called for my allies to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
The phrase "my lovers" refers to nations that the people of Judah hoped would help them fight their enemy.
|
||||
|
||||
# they were treacherous toward me
|
||||
# but they were treacherous toward me
|
||||
|
||||
This means that they betrayed him. Alternate translation: "they betrayed me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
"but they betrayed me"
|
||||
|
||||
# to restore their lives
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
20
lam/01/20.md
20
lam/01/20.md
|
|
@ -1,24 +1,12 @@
|
|||
# General Information:
|
||||
|
||||
In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Look, Yahweh, for I am in distress
|
||||
|
||||
Jerusalem continues to talk about herself as if she were a woman, but now talks directly to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
|
||||
Jerusalem continues to talk about herself as if she were a woman, but now talks directly to Yahweh.
|
||||
|
||||
# my stomach churns
|
||||
# Outside, the sword bereaves
|
||||
|
||||
The word "churn" means to move around violently, normally in a circular rotation. This does not mean the stomach is literally churning, but describes how the woman, representing Jerusalem, feels. Alternate translation: "my insides ache" or "my stomach hurts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
# my heart is disturbed within me
|
||||
|
||||
Here the woman, representing Jerusalem, refers to her "heart" to emphasize her feelings. Alternate translation: "my heart is broken" or "I am extremely sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||||
|
||||
# the sword bereaves
|
||||
|
||||
The "sword" represents the enemy. The word "bereaves" speaks of what is done to the parent, probably the mother, of the person whom the enemy kills. Alternate translation: "the enemy kills a mother's children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
"Outside of the house the enemy kills my family"
|
||||
|
||||
# inside the house there is only death
|
||||
|
||||
Possible meanings are 1) "inside the house, everyone is dying" or 2) "and inside the house the dead people are kept" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
"inside the house everyone is dying"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
16
lam/01/21.md
16
lam/01/21.md
|
|
@ -1,24 +1,16 @@
|
|||
# General Information:
|
||||
|
||||
In this section Jerusalem is portrayed as a woman speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
|
||||
Jerusalem continues to speak to the Lord.
|
||||
|
||||
# They have heard my groaning
|
||||
|
||||
"People have heard my groaning." Jerusalem continues to speak as if she were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
|
||||
|
||||
# you have done it
|
||||
|
||||
Here the word "you" refers to Yahweh.
|
||||
"People have heard my groaning"
|
||||
|
||||
# You have brought the day you proclaimed
|
||||
|
||||
The phrase "the day" is an idiom that refers to a specific event happening. Alternate translation: "You have done what you have proclaimed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
|
||||
# you proclaimed
|
||||
|
||||
You may need to make explicit that the proclamation was a promise. Alternate translation: "you promised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
"You have done what you have said you would do"
|
||||
|
||||
# now let them become like me
|
||||
|
||||
This is a request for Jerusalem's enemies to suffer as the people of Jerusalem have. Alternate translation: "now let them suffer like me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
"now let my enemies suffer as I am suffering"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
|
|||
# Let all their wickedness come before you
|
||||
|
||||
This is a request for Yahweh to judge Jerusalem's enemies for their wickedness. The phrase "come before you" is an idiom. Alternate translation: "Pay attention to all of the wickedness they have committed" or "Judge them for all of their wickedness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
"Pay attention to all of the wickedness they have committed"
|
||||
|
||||
# deal with them as you have dealt with me
|
||||
|
||||
This is a request for Yahweh to punish Jerusalem's enemies as he punished the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "punish them as you have punished me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
"punish them as you have punished me"
|
||||
|
||||
# my heart is faint
|
||||
|
||||
Here the "heart" represents the whole person. Alternate translation: "I am faint" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||||
"I am faint"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Lamentations 1 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
#### Judah destroyed for her sin
|
||||
|
||||
Judah used to be great, but is now a slave. The temple is stripped of all its valuables. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Lamentations 1:1 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
* __[Lamentations intro](../front/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
18
lam/02/01.md
18
lam/02/01.md
|
|
@ -1,28 +1,20 @@
|
|||
# General Information:
|
||||
|
||||
A new poem begins. The writer of Lamentations uses many different ways to express that the people of Israel have lost God's favor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
# The Lord has covered the daughter of Zion under the cloud of his anger
|
||||
|
||||
This speaks of the Lord's anger against Jerusalem (Zion) as if it were a dark cloud. Possible meanings are 1) God is threatening to harm the people of Jerusalem or 2) God has already harmed the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
This speaks of the Lord's anger as if it were a dark cloud.
|
||||
|
||||
# the daughter of Zion
|
||||
|
||||
This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. Translate as you did in [Lamentations 1:6](../01/06.md).(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
|
||||
This is a poetic name for the city of Jerusalem. Translate it as you did in Lamentations 1:6.
|
||||
|
||||
# He has thrown the splendor of Israel down from heaven to earth
|
||||
|
||||
The phrase "the splendor of Israel" refers to Jerusalem. This passage speaks of the people of Jerusalem losing favor with the Lord as if he threw them out of his presence. The phrase "from heaven to earth" is a great distance used to represent how much they lost favor with the Lord. Alternate translation: "Jerusalem, the splendor of Israel, has lost all favor with the Lord" or "Jerusalem has lost all favor with the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
"Jerusalem, the splendor of Israel, has lost all favor with the Lord"
|
||||
|
||||
# He has not remembered his footstool
|
||||
|
||||
This is a reference to the Lord having considered Jerusalem his "footstool" in the past, which symbolized that he had authority over them and that they were submissive to him. This speaks of the Lord disregarding Jerusalem as his footstool as if he did not remember them. Alternate translation: "He disregarded Jerusalem as his footstool" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
# not remembered
|
||||
|
||||
This speaks of the Lord not paying attention to Jerusalem as if he did not remember them. Alternate translation: "disregarded" or "paid no attention to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"He disregarded Jerusalem as his footstool"
|
||||
|
||||
# on the day of his anger
|
||||
|
||||
Here "day" is used as an idiom that refers to a general period of time. Alternate translation: "at the time when he displays his anger" or "at the time he acts in his anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
"at the time when he displayed his anger"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
13
lam/02/02.md
13
lam/02/02.md
|
|
@ -1,20 +1,11 @@
|
|||
# the daughter of Judah
|
||||
|
||||
This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
|
||||
|
||||
# the days of his anger
|
||||
|
||||
Here "day" is used as an idiom that refers to a general period of time. Alternate translation: "the time of his anger" or "the time of his anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
|
||||
# swallowed up
|
||||
|
||||
This speaks of the Lord completely destroying the towns as if he were an animal who ate them. Alternate translation: "completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"completely destroyed"
|
||||
|
||||
# all the towns of Jacob
|
||||
|
||||
Here "the towns of Jacob" refers to the towns where his descendants lived. Alternate translation: "all the towns of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
"all the towns of Israel"
|
||||
|
||||
# the fortified cities of the daughter of Judah
|
||||
|
||||
Possible meanings are 1) the fortified cities throughout Judah or 2) the fortified walls of Jerusalem.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
16
lam/02/03.md
16
lam/02/03.md
|
|
@ -1,20 +1,12 @@
|
|||
# General Information:
|
||||
|
||||
The author continues the use of metaphors to express how the Lord opposed Judah.
|
||||
|
||||
# he has cut off every horn of Israel
|
||||
|
||||
This speaks of the Lord taking away Israel's strength as if he were cutting off its horns. The word "horn" refers to an animal horn, not a musical instrument. Alternate translation: "he has taken away all of Israel's strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
This speaks of the Lord taking away Israel's strength as if he were cutting off the horns of a strong animal. Alternate translation: "he has taken away all of Israel's strength"
|
||||
|
||||
# withdrawn his right hand from before the enemy
|
||||
# He has withdrawn his right hand from before the enemy
|
||||
|
||||
Here the Lord's protection is represented by his "right hand." Alternate translation: "stopped protecting us from our enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
"He has stopped protecting us from our enemies"
|
||||
|
||||
# He has burned up Jacob like a blazing fire that devours everything around it
|
||||
|
||||
This speaks of how the Lord has destroyed Jacob as if a fire has completely burned it. Alternate translation: "He has destroyed Jacob like a blazing fire destroys everything"
|
||||
|
||||
# Jacob
|
||||
|
||||
Here "Jacob" refers to the places where his descendants lived. Alternate translation: "Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
"He has destroyed Israel like a blazing fire that destroys everything around it"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
14
lam/02/04.md
14
lam/02/04.md
|
|
@ -1,14 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# He has bent his bow toward us like an enemy, he has set his right hand like an adversary
|
||||
|
||||
A soldier has to bend his bow in order to shoot an arrow from it. This speaks of the Lord preparing to attack Israel as if he were an enemy about to shoot them with a bow and arrow. Alternate translation: "He has prepared to kill us, like an enemy who has made his bow ready to shoot us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
|
||||
|
||||
# like an enemy ... like an adversary
|
||||
|
||||
"As if he were our enemy ... as if he were our adversary"
|
||||
|
||||
# he has set his right hand like an adversary. He has slaughtered all
|
||||
|
||||
Some modern translations read, "he has set his right hand. Like an adversary, he has slaughtered all"
|
||||
A soldier has to bend his bow in order to shoot an arrow from it. Alternate translation: "He has prepared to kill us, like an enemy who has made his bow ready to shoot us"
|
||||
|
||||
# he has set his right hand
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -16,9 +8,9 @@ He has pulled back the bowstring and is ready to shoot an arrow. Most bowmen pul
|
|||
|
||||
# in the tent of the daughter of Zion
|
||||
|
||||
The "daughter of Zion" is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. The phrase "tent of the daughter of Zion" speaks of Jerusalem as a "tent" emphasizing that it is the home of those who live there. Alternate translation: "who live in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
Calling Jerusalem a "tent" emphasizes that it is the home of those who live there. Alternate translation: "who live in Jerusalem"
|
||||
|
||||
# he has poured out his wrath like fire
|
||||
|
||||
This speaks of the Lord's wrath as if it were a liquid that he were pouring out on the people. His wrath is also compared to a "fire" to emphasize how destructive it is. Alternate translation: "in his anger he has destroyed everything like a blazing fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"in his anger he has destroyed everything like a blazing fire"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
12
lam/02/05.md
12
lam/02/05.md
|
|
@ -1,16 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# swallowed up
|
||||
|
||||
This speaks of the Lord completely destroying Israel as if he were animal who ate them. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: "completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
# her palaces ... her strongholds
|
||||
|
||||
Israel is spoken of as if it were female.
|
||||
The word "her" refers to the nation of Israel.
|
||||
|
||||
# He has increased mourning and lamentation within the daughter of Judah
|
||||
|
||||
The words "mourning" and "lamentation" can be expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: "He has caused more and more people within the daughter of Judah to mourn and lament" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
|
||||
# daughter of Judah
|
||||
|
||||
This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: "Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
|
||||
"He has caused more and more people within the daughter of Judah to mourn and lament"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
12
lam/02/06.md
12
lam/02/06.md
|
|
@ -1,18 +1,14 @@
|
|||
# He has done violence to his tabernacle like a garden
|
||||
|
||||
The words "He has done violence to" are a metonym for the Lord enabling Israel's enemies to attack the "tabernacle." He did not do it himself. The word "tabernacle," usually a temporary shelter made of sticks and branches, is an ironic metaphor for the temple, which the people expected to be a permanent building. The enemies destroyed the temple easily, as if they were destroying a garden. Alternate translation: "He has caused their enemies to destroy his tabernacle as easily as if they were destroying a garden" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
||||
# a garden
|
||||
|
||||
Some modern translations read "a garden hut," referring to a very small building for holding farming tools or for sheltering someone who is guarding a garden.
|
||||
"He has caused their enemies to destroy his tabernacle as easily as if they were destroying a garden"
|
||||
|
||||
# He has destroyed the place of the solemn assembly
|
||||
|
||||
The Lord caused Israel's enemies to destroy it. He did not destroy it himself. Alternate translation: "He has caused the place of the solemn assembly to be destroyed" or "He has caused their enemies to destroy the place of the solemn assembly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
"He has caused the place of the solemn assembly to be destroyed" or "He has caused their enemies to destroy the place of the solemn assembly"
|
||||
|
||||
# caused both solemn assembly and Sabbath to be forgotten in Zion
|
||||
# has caused both solemn assembly and Sabbath to be forgotten in Zion
|
||||
|
||||
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "caused the people in Zion to forget both solemn assembly and Sabbath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
"has caused the people in Zion to forget both solemn assembly and Sabbath"
|
||||
|
||||
# in the indignation of his anger
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
12
lam/02/07.md
12
lam/02/07.md
|
|
@ -1,16 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# He has given over the walls of her palaces into the hand of the enemy
|
||||
|
||||
Here the enemy's "hand" refers to the enemy's control. Alternate translation: "He has allowed the enemy to capture the walls of her palaces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
||||
# the walls of her palaces
|
||||
|
||||
Here the word "her" may refer either to the temple or to Jersualem. Possible translations are 1) "the walls of the temple" or 2) "the walls of Jerusalem's palaces." The word "walls" is a synecdoche for the whole building, and the building is a synecdoche for all of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||||
"He has given her palaces to the enemy" or "He has allowed the enemy to capture her palaces"
|
||||
|
||||
# They have raised a shout in the house of Yahweh, as on the day of an appointed feast
|
||||
|
||||
This is an ironic comparison between the happy, noisy festivals of Israel and the loud shouts of victory of the Babylonians. Alternate translation: "They have raised a shout in the house of Yahweh, as the Israelites would during an appointed feast" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]])
|
||||
|
||||
# have raised a shout
|
||||
|
||||
This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "have shouted victoriously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
"They have shouted victoriously in the house of Yahweh, as the Israelites would during an appointed feast"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
18
lam/02/08.md
18
lam/02/08.md
|
|
@ -1,24 +1,16 @@
|
|||
# Yahweh decided to destroy the city wall
|
||||
|
||||
Yahweh chose to have the wall destroyed and caused Jerusalem's enemy to destroy it. He did not destroy it himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
||||
# daughter of Zion
|
||||
|
||||
This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
|
||||
|
||||
# He has stretched out the measuring line
|
||||
|
||||
This speaks of preparing to destroy the wall as if he measured it before he destroyed it, so that he knew how much to destroy. Alternate translation: "It is as though he has measured the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"It is as though he has measured the wall"
|
||||
|
||||
# has not withheld his hand from destroying
|
||||
# has not withheld his hand from destroying the wall
|
||||
|
||||
The double negative here emphasizes the positive. Also, the word "hand" is a synecdoche for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: "has used his hand to completely destroy" or "has himself completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||||
"has used his hand to completely destroy the wall" or "has completely destroyed the wall"
|
||||
|
||||
# He has made the ramparts and wall to lament; together they wasted away
|
||||
|
||||
The walls and ramparts are spoken of as if they were people who lamented and died. Alternate translation: "Because he has destroyed the ramparts and walls, they are like people who lament and have lost their strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
|
||||
"Because he has destroyed the ramparts and walls, they are like people who lament and have lost their strength"
|
||||
|
||||
# ramparts
|
||||
|
||||
Ancient cities had a main "wall" to keep attackers out, and an outer line of "ramparts" to keep attackers from the wall.
|
||||
These were outer protective walls to keep attackers from breaking into the city.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# General Information:
|
||||
|
||||
This page has intentionally been left blank.
|
||||
|
||||
12
lam/02/10.md
12
lam/02/10.md
|
|
@ -1,16 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# daughter of Zion
|
||||
|
||||
This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
|
||||
|
||||
# sit on the ground in silence
|
||||
|
||||
Often people would sit on the ground to show they were mourning. Alternate translation: "sit on the ground, mourning in silence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]])
|
||||
"sit on the ground, mourning in silence"
|
||||
|
||||
# They have thrown dust on their heads and girded themselves with sackcloth
|
||||
|
||||
These are actions of mourning. Alternate translation: "To show their mourning, they have thrown dust on their heads and put on sackcloth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]])
|
||||
|
||||
# have bowed their heads to the ground
|
||||
|
||||
This is an action of mourning. Alternate translation: "have sorrowfully bowed their heads to the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]])
|
||||
"they have thrown dust on their heads and worn burlap." Burlap cloth was coarse and could irritate the skin. They did these things to show that they were mourning.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
12
lam/02/11.md
12
lam/02/11.md
|
|
@ -1,20 +1,16 @@
|
|||
# General Information:
|
||||
|
||||
The author shifts from describing Jerusalem to describing his own experience.
|
||||
|
||||
# My eyes have failed from their tears
|
||||
|
||||
This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "I have cried until I cannot cry anymore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
"I have cried until I cannot cry anymore"
|
||||
|
||||
# my stomach churns
|
||||
|
||||
The word "churn" means to move around violently, normally in a circular rotation. This does not mean the stomach is literally churning, but describes how the author feels. Alternate translation: "my insides ache" or "my stomach hurts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"my insides ache" or "my stomach hurts"
|
||||
|
||||
# my inner parts are poured out to the ground
|
||||
|
||||
The author speaks of feeling grief in his inner being as if his inner body parts had fallen out of his body onto the ground. Alternate translation: "my entire inner being is in grief" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"my entire inner being is in grief"
|
||||
|
||||
# the daughter of my people
|
||||
|
||||
This is a poetic name of Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: "my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
|
||||
"my people"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
|
|||
# Where is grain and wine?
|
||||
|
||||
This rhetorical question is used as a request for something to eat. The children are telling their mother that they are hungry. The phrase "grain and wine" represents food and drink. This question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "Give us something to eat and drink." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
|
||||
# as they faint like a wounded man
|
||||
|
||||
This speaks of the children fainting from hunger and thirst in the same way that a wounded man faints. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
|
||||
"We need something to eat and drink."
|
||||
|
||||
# their lives are poured out on the bosom of their mothers
|
||||
|
||||
This speaks of the children dying as if their lives were a liquid that was being poured out. Alternate translation: "they slowly die in the arms of their mothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"the children slowly die in the arms of their mothers"
|
||||
|
||||
# bosom
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
18
lam/02/13.md
18
lam/02/13.md
|
|
@ -1,28 +1,20 @@
|
|||
# General Information:
|
||||
|
||||
The author begins to address Jerusalem.
|
||||
|
||||
# What will I testify for you?
|
||||
|
||||
The author uses this rhetorical question to express that he does not know what to say to help Jerusalem. This question can be written as a statement. Some modern translations read, "To what can I compare you?" Alternate translation: "There is nothing that I can say to testify for you." or "There is nothing to which I can compare you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
"There is nothing that I can say to testify for you."
|
||||
|
||||
# To what can I compare you, ... Jerusalem?
|
||||
|
||||
The author uses this rhetorical question to express that he does not know what to say to help Jerusalem. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "There is nothing to which I can compare you, ... Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
|
||||
# daughter of Jerusalem ... virgin daughter of Zion
|
||||
|
||||
These are poetic names for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. "Zion" is another name for Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
|
||||
"There is nothing to which I can compare you, ... Jerusalem."
|
||||
|
||||
# To what can I liken you ... Zion?
|
||||
|
||||
The author uses this rhetorical question to express that he does not know how to give comfort to Jerusalem. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "There is nothing to which I can liken you ... Zion." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
"There is nothing to which I can liken you ... Zion" or "I cannot say that you are like anything ... Zion."
|
||||
|
||||
# Your wound is as great as the sea
|
||||
|
||||
This speaks of Jerusalem's great suffering as if it were as terrible as the sea is great. Alternate translation: "Your suffering is as terrible as the sea is large" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
|
||||
"Your suffering is as terrible as the sea is large"
|
||||
|
||||
# Who can heal you?
|
||||
|
||||
"Who can restore you?" The author uses this rhetorical question to express that there is no one who can restore Jerusalem to the way it was before. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "No one can heal you." or "No one can restore you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
"No one can heal you." or "No one can restore you."
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# They have not exposed your iniquity to reverse your captivity
|
||||
|
||||
Possible meanings are that the prophets have not rebuked the people for their sins, and so 1) Yahweh has not brought them back from captivity or 2) Yahweh did not prevent them from going into captivity. The abstract noun "captivity" here can be translated as a verbal clause and may be a metaphor for Yahweh's punishment. Alternate translation: "They have not rebuked you for your sins so that Yahweh could free you from those who had captured you" or "They have not rebuked you for your sins so that Yahweh would not have to punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"They have not rebuked you for your sins to keep you from becoming captives" or "They have not rebuked you for your sins so that Yahweh could free you from those who captured you"
|
||||
|
||||
# for you they gave utterances
|
||||
# for you they gave utterances that are false and misleading
|
||||
|
||||
The word "utterances" can be expressed with the verb "spoke." Alternate translation: "they spoke things to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
"for they told you things that are false and misleading"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
10
lam/02/15.md
10
lam/02/15.md
|
|
@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
|
|||
# clap their hands ... hiss and shake their heads
|
||||
# clap their hands at you. They hiss and shake their heads
|
||||
|
||||
These actions are used to mock and insult others. Alternate translation: "mock you by clapping their hands ... hiss and shake their heads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]])
|
||||
|
||||
# the daughter of Jerusalem
|
||||
|
||||
This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
|
||||
These actions are used to mock and insult others. Alternate translation: "mock you by clapping their hands at you. They hiss and shake their heads"
|
||||
|
||||
# Is this the city that they called 'The Perfection of Beauty,' 'The Joy for All of Earth'?
|
||||
|
||||
This rhetorical question is used to express sarcasm. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "This city that they called 'The Perfection of Beauty,' 'The Joy for All of Earth,' is not so beautiful or joyful anymore!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
"This city that they called 'The Perfection of Beauty,' 'The Joy for All of Earth,' is not beautiful or joyful anymore!"
|
||||
|
||||
# The Perfection of Beauty
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
|
|||
# grind their teeth
|
||||
|
||||
This action shows a person's anger and that they are mocking others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]])
|
||||
This action shows a person's anger.
|
||||
|
||||
# We have swallowed her up
|
||||
|
||||
Here the people speak of destroying Jerusalem as if they were an animal swallowing its food. Alternate translation: "We have completely destroyed Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"We have completely destroyed Jerusalem"
|
||||
|
||||
# We have lived to see it
|
||||
|
||||
This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "We have greatly desired to see it happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
"We have greatly desired to see it happen"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
|
|||
# He has overthrown
|
||||
# He has overthrown you
|
||||
|
||||
"He has destroyed"
|
||||
"He has destroyed you"
|
||||
|
||||
# to rejoice over you
|
||||
|
||||
This means that the enemy rejoiced because they defeated them. Alternate translation: "to rejoice over defeating you"
|
||||
"to rejoice over defeating you"
|
||||
|
||||
# he has lifted up the horn of your enemies
|
||||
|
||||
Here "horn" (that is, an animal horn) represents strength. Alternate translation: "he has increased the power of your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
An animal's "horn" represents its strength. Alternate translation: "he has increased the power of your enemies"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
18
lam/02/18.md
18
lam/02/18.md
|
|
@ -1,22 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Their heart cried out to the Lord
|
||||
|
||||
Here the word "heart" represents the whole person emphasizing one's innermost being. Possible meanings of who cried out are 1) the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "The people of Jerusalem shouted to the Lord from their innermost being" or 2) the walls are being personified. Alternate translation: "You walls, cry out to the Lord from your innermost being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
|
||||
|
||||
# walls of the daughter of Zion! Make your tears flow ... no relief
|
||||
|
||||
The writer speaks to the walls of Jerusalem. He wants the people of Jerusalem to do what he is telling the walls to do. Some translations take this whole section to be spoken to the "walls," though this can be written with the first phrase "walls of the daughter of Zion!" spoken to the "walls," and the rest of the section spoken directly to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]])
|
||||
|
||||
# the daughter of Zion
|
||||
|
||||
This is a poetic name for Jerusalem, which is spoken of here as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Make your tears flow down like a river
|
||||
|
||||
This speaks of the people crying so much that their tears would flow like a river. Alternate translation: "Cry many, many tears" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
# day and night
|
||||
|
||||
These two opposite times of day refer to all the time. Alternate translation: "all of the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]])
|
||||
"Cry many, many tears"
|
||||
|
||||
# Give yourself no relief, your eyes no relief
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
20
lam/02/19.md
20
lam/02/19.md
|
|
@ -1,24 +1,12 @@
|
|||
# Arise, cry out ... of every street
|
||||
|
||||
The writer continues speaking to the walls of Jerusalem. He wants the people of Jerusalem to do what he is telling the walls to do. Some translations take this whole section to be spoken to the "walls," though this can be written with the first phrase "walls of the daughter of Zion!" spoken to the "walls," and the rest of the section spoken directly to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]])
|
||||
|
||||
# at the beginning of the night watches
|
||||
|
||||
"many times during the night." This refers to every time a watchman came on duty.
|
||||
"many times during the night." This refers to every time a nightwatchman came on duty.
|
||||
|
||||
# Pour out your heart like water before the face of the Lord
|
||||
|
||||
The phrase "pour out your heart like water" is an idiom. Here the Lord is represented by his "face" to emphasize his presence. Alternate translation: "Tell the Lord how you feel in your inner being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
"Tell the Lord how you feel in your inner being"
|
||||
|
||||
# Lift up your hands to him
|
||||
# Lift up your hands to him for the lives of your children
|
||||
|
||||
This was an action often performed while praying. Alternate translation: "Lift up your hands to him in prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]])
|
||||
|
||||
# for the lives of your children
|
||||
|
||||
This means for them to request that the Lord save their children. Alternate translation: "to save the lives of your children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
|
||||
# at the corner of every street
|
||||
|
||||
The word "every" here is an exaggeration for "many." Alternate translation: "where the streets come together" or "by the roads" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||||
"Lift up your hands to him in prayer and ask him to save the lives for your children"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
10
lam/02/20.md
10
lam/02/20.md
|
|
@ -1,16 +1,12 @@
|
|||
# Should women eat the fruit of their wombs ... for?
|
||||
|
||||
This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that it is not right for women to eat their children. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "Woman should not eat their own children ... for!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
"Woman should not eat their own children ... for!" or "Do not make women eat the fruit of their wombs ... for!" Some of the women did this when there was no food and they were starving.
|
||||
|
||||
# the fruit of their wombs
|
||||
|
||||
This speaks of children having come from their mother as if they were fruit that came from her womb. Alternate translation: "their children that they have given birth to" or "their own children" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"their children that they have given birth to" or "their own children"
|
||||
|
||||
# Should priest and prophet be slaughtered in the sanctuary of the Lord?
|
||||
|
||||
This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that the prophets and priests should not be killed. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "The prophets and priests should not be slaughtered in the sanctuary of the Lord!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Should priest and prophet be slaughtered
|
||||
|
||||
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Should our enemies slaughter priests and prophets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
"The prophets and priests should not be slaughtered in the sanctuary of the Lord!" or "Do not let your enemies slaughter your priests and prophets in your sanctuary!"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
12
lam/02/21.md
12
lam/02/21.md
|
|
@ -1,20 +1,16 @@
|
|||
# Both the young and the old lie on the dust
|
||||
|
||||
It is implied here that this refers to dead people. Alternate translation: "The corpses of both the young and the old lie on the dust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Both the young and the old
|
||||
|
||||
These phrases refer to people. These two opposites are used to refer to all ages of people. Alternate translation: "Both young people and old people" or "People of all ages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]])
|
||||
"The corpses of young people and old people lie on the dust"
|
||||
|
||||
# My virgins and my young men have fallen by the sword
|
||||
|
||||
Here the "sword" refers to their enemies. This is a euphemism that means that they were murdered by their enemies. Alternate translation: "My virgins and my young men have been murdered by their enemies" or "My enemies have murdered my virgins and my young men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]])
|
||||
"My virgins and my young men have been murdered by their enemies" or "My enemies have murdered my virgins and young men"
|
||||
|
||||
# virgins
|
||||
|
||||
Here this is probably a synecdoche for young women in general, the most valuable of whom would be virgins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||||
This probably refers to young women in general.
|
||||
|
||||
# you have slaughtered them
|
||||
|
||||
This speaks of Yahweh allowing the poeple to be slaughtered as if he killed them himself. Alternate translation: "you allowed them to be slaughtered" or "you allowed this to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
"you have let your enemies slaughter them"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
14
lam/02/22.md
14
lam/02/22.md
|
|
@ -1,16 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# as you would call the people to a feast day
|
||||
# You have summoned, as you would call the people to a feast day, my terrors on every side
|
||||
|
||||
"as if they were coming to a feast." This speaks of how Yahweh summoned his enemies as if he were inviting them to a feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
|
||||
"In the same way that you would invite many people to a feast, you have called terrors to come and surround me"
|
||||
|
||||
# my terrors
|
||||
|
||||
Here the people the author fears are referred to as his "terrors." Alternate translation: "the attackers I was afraid of" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
||||
# on every side
|
||||
|
||||
This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "to attack from every direction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
|
||||
# on the day of the anger of Yahweh
|
||||
|
||||
Here "day" is used as an idiom that refers to a general period of time. Alternate translation: "at the time when Yahweh acted in his anger" or "during the time that Yahweh displayed his anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
Possible meanings are "the people who terrify me" or "the terrible events that frighten me."
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Lamentations 2 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
God has become Judah's enemy. He is determined to destroy them.
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Lamentations 2:1 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
|
|||
# Connecting Statement:
|
||||
|
||||
A new poem begins. Here the author speaks of the sufferings that his people experienced. He speaks about them as if God had personally attacked only him. However, the writer intends to speak for everyone in the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
|
||||
The author speaks about how his people have suffered as if God had attacked him.
|
||||
|
||||
# who has seen affliction
|
||||
|
||||
Here the phrase "has seen" is a metaphor for experiencing something. Alternate translation: "who has experienced affliction" or "who has suffered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"who has experienced affliction" or "who has suffered"
|
||||
|
||||
# under the rod of Yahweh's fury
|
||||
|
||||
Being "under the rod" represents being beaten with a rod. The author speaks of God's punishment as if God had beaten him with a rod. Alternate translation: "because Yahweh was very angry and has beaten me with a rod" or "because Yahweh was very angry and has punished me severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"because Yahweh was very angry and has beaten me with a rod"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -2,7 +2,3 @@
|
|||
|
||||
"He forced me to go away"
|
||||
|
||||
# caused me to walk in darkness rather than light
|
||||
|
||||
Here "darkness" represents suffering. Alternate translation: "caused me to suffer terribly with no hope, like a person walking in darkness rather than light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# he turned his hand against me
|
||||
|
||||
Here "turned his hand against me" represents attacking him. The author speaks of God causing bad things to happen to him as if God had attacked him. Alternate translation: "he has attacked me" or "he has caused many bad things to happen to me, like someone who attacks a person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"he beat me" or "he hit me"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# He made my flesh and my skin waste away; he broke my bones
|
||||
|
||||
Possible meanings are 1) these things are a result of being beaten or 2) these are more ways that God punished the man.
|
||||
|
||||
10
lam/03/05.md
10
lam/03/05.md
|
|
@ -2,15 +2,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
Siege works are ramps that an army builds around a city to enable them to climb over the city walls and invade the city.
|
||||
|
||||
# He built up siege works against me
|
||||
|
||||
Possible meanings are 1) the author speaks of God causing bad things to happen to him as if he were a city and God was an enemy that built up siege works against him. Alternate translation: "God attacked me like an enemy army that sets up siege works around a city" or 2) the author speaks of God causing the enemy army to attack Jerusalem as if God were the enemy. Alternate translation: "God caused the enemy army to build up siege works against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
# surrounded me with bitterness and hardship
|
||||
|
||||
This represents God causing him to experience much bitterness and hardship. Alternate translation: "caused me to experience much bitterness and hardship" or "caused me to suffer and have many problems" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
# bitterness
|
||||
|
||||
Here "bitterness" represents suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"caused me to experience much bitterness and hardship" or "caused me to suffer and have many problems"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# He made me live in dark places, like those who died long ago
|
||||
|
||||
Here "dark places" is a metaphor for suffering. The author compares the intensity of his suffering to the intensity of the darkness that those who died long ago experience. Alternate translation: "The suffering that he causes me is intense like the darkness of the grave" or "He makes me suffer terribly, as if I were in the darkness of those who died long ago" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# He built a wall around me and I cannot escape. He made my chains heavy
|
||||
|
||||
This represents the continuing suffering. Like a person who cannot escape from prison, the author cannot make his suffering stop. Alternate translation: "My suffering continues. It is as though he has built a wall around me and put heavy chains on me, and I cannot escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# he shut out my prayer
|
||||
|
||||
The author speaks about God refusing to listen to his prayers as though God was shutting his ears so that the author's prayers could not go into them. Alternate translation: "he refuses to hear my prayer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
"he prevented my prayer from going to him" or "he refuses to hear my prayer"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# He blocked my path
|
||||
|
||||
The author speaks of God causing him to continue to suffer as if God was preventing him from escaping the suffering by blocking his path. Alternate translation: "It is as though he blocked my path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
# a wall of hewn stone
|
||||
|
||||
"a wall of cut stones." People would cut stones into regular shapes that could fit together well in order to build a strong wall.
|
||||
|
||||
# he made my paths crooked
|
||||
|
||||
Crooked paths do not lead people to where they want to go. Here they represent unsuccessful ways of escaping suffering. Alternate translation: "it is as though he has made my paths crooked" or "I have tried to make the suffering stop, but God has prevented me, like one who prevents another from escaping by making his paths crooked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# He is like a bear waiting to ambush me, a lion in hiding
|
||||
|
||||
The author speaks of God being ready to cause him to suffer more, as if God were a wild animal waiting to attack him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
|
||||
"He is like a bear waiting to attack me, like a lion hiding so it can attack me"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# General Information:
|
||||
|
||||
God is often spoken of as if he were a warrior.
|
||||
|
||||
# He bent his bow
|
||||
|
||||
A soldier has to bend his bow in order to shoot an arrow from it. The author speaks of God deciding to cause him trouble as if God were a warrior ready to shoot him with an arrow. See how you translated this in [Lamentations 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: "It was as if God made his bow ready to shoot"
|
||||
A soldier has to bend his bow in order to shoot an arrow from it. See how you translated this in Lamentations 2:4.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
|
|||
# He pierced my kidneys with the arrows of his quiver
|
||||
|
||||
The author speaks of the deep grief he feels as if God had shot his kidneys with an arrow. Alternate translation: "My grief is great. It is as if he pierced my kidneys with the arrows of his quiver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"He pierced my kidneys by shooting me with the arrows of his quiver"
|
||||
|
||||
# my kidneys
|
||||
|
||||
The kidneys are abdominal organs that move urine into the bladder. They are a metaphor for a person's emotions. Alternate translation: "deep into my body" or 2) "my heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
The kidneys are organs in the body that move urine into the bladder.
|
||||
|
||||
# quiver
|
||||
|
||||
a bag worn on the back in which to store arrows
|
||||
a bag for holding arrows
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# a laughingstock to all my people
|
||||
|
||||
The word "all" is a generalization, meaning "most." Alternate translation: "a laughingstock to most of my people" or "someone whom all my people mock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||||
|
||||
# laughingstock
|
||||
|
||||
someone whom many people mock
|
||||
"someone whom all my people mock"
|
||||
|
||||
# their taunting song
|
||||
|
||||
Jeremiah speaks of being the person about whom they sing their taunt song as if he were the song itself. Alternate translation: "and I am the one about whom they sing taunting songs" or "and they sing taunting songs about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
"and I am the one about whom they sing mocking songs" or "and they sing songs to make fun of me"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
14
lam/03/15.md
14
lam/03/15.md
|
|
@ -1,16 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# General Information:
|
||||
|
||||
The writer gives two metaphors to describe how Yahweh has made him suffer. The first metaphor speaks of Yahweh as if he were forcing Jeremiah to eat bitter herbs, and the second as if he were forcing him to drink a bitter liquid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
# He filled me with bitter herbs
|
||||
|
||||
Here the phrase "bitter herbs" is a metaphor for suffering. Alternate translation: "I suffer as if he caused me eat a great amount of bitter herbs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"He made me I eat a great amount of bitter herbs"
|
||||
|
||||
# forced me to drink wormwood
|
||||
# and forced me to drink wormwood
|
||||
|
||||
Wormwood is the bitter juice from the leaves and flowers of a certain plant. Drinking that bitter juice represents suffering. Alternate translation: "I suffer as if he forced me to drink fill my stomach with wormwood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
# forced me to drink wormwood
|
||||
|
||||
The word "drink" here speaks of drinking a large amount of something. Some modern translations read, "forced me to drink so much wormwood that I became drunk."
|
||||
"and made me drink a large amount of bitter liquid"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# He has made my teeth grind with gravel
|
||||
|
||||
Possible meanings are 1) the author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had forced him to chew gravel. Alternate translation: "He has humiliated me, like someone who forces another to chew gravel" or 2) the author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had pushed his face down into the gravel on the ground. Alternate translation: "He has humiliated me, like someone who pushes another man's face down into the gravel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"He has made me chew on gravel stones"
|
||||
|
||||
# he made me cower in the ashes
|
||||
|
||||
The author speaks of God humiliating him as if God had pushed him down into the ashes of a fire on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
# cower
|
||||
|
||||
make oneself as small as possible because of fear of something one cannot fight against
|
||||
"he has made me crouch down in ashes"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# My soul is deprived of peace
|
||||
|
||||
Possible meanings are 1) the author's experiences are not peaceful. Alternate translation: "I have no peace in my life" or 2) the author does not feel peace. Alternate translation: "I feel no peace in my soul"
|
||||
"I have no peace in my life" or "I feel no peace in my soul"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# My endurance has perished and so has my hope in Yahweh
|
||||
|
||||
The author speaks as if his ability to endure more suffering and his hope that Yahweh will help him were living beings that have died. Alternate translation: "I cannot endure anymore suffering and I can no longer hope that Yahweh will help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
|
||||
|
||||
# endurance
|
||||
|
||||
Some versions translate this as "glory" or "splendor."
|
||||
"I have no more endurance and I have no hope in Yahweh" or "I cannot endure anymore suffering and I can no longer hope that Yahweh will help me"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# General Information:
|
||||
|
||||
In verses 19 to 42, the writer thinks about the lessons that he and his fellow citizens should learn about God and his anger and mercy.
|
||||
|
||||
# wormwood and bitterness
|
||||
|
||||
Wormwood is a plant that gives a liquid which is very bitter to drink. Together "wormwood" and "bitterness" represent severe suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
Wormwood is a plant that gives a liquid which is very bitter to drink. Together "wormwood" and "bitterness" represent severe suffering.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# But I call this to mind
|
||||
|
||||
This means to intentionally think about something. The word "this" refers to something that the author will start to speak about in the next verse. Alternate translation: "But I choose to think about this" or "But I remember this"
|
||||
"But I choose to think about this" or "But I remember this." The word "this" refers to what he says in the next verses.
|
||||
|
||||
# I have hope
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# The steadfast love of Yahweh never ceases
|
||||
|
||||
The abstract noun "steadfast love" can be expressed with the phrase "love faithfully." Alternate translation: "Yahweh never stops loving his people faithfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
"Yahweh never stops loving his people faithfully"
|
||||
|
||||
# his compassions never end
|
||||
|
||||
The abstract noun "compassions" can be translated with the verb "care." Alternate translation: "he never stops caring for those who suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
"he never stops caring for those who suffer"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# they are new every morning
|
||||
|
||||
The word "they" refers to God's steadfast love and compassions. Their being new represents God continuing to act according to them. Alternate translation: "every morning he treats us again with steadfast love and compassion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
his steadfast love and compassion are new every morning" or "every morning he treats us again with steadfast love and compassion"
|
||||
|
||||
# your faithfulness
|
||||
# your faithfulness is great
|
||||
|
||||
The word "your" refers to Yahweh.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# Yahweh is my inheritance
|
||||
|
||||
When God gave each tribe of Israel their land, he called it an inheritance. The author speaks of Yahweh being all he needs as if Yahweh were the inheritance that he had received. Alternate translation: "Because Yahweh is with me, I have everything I need" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"Yahweh is my portion" or "Yahweh is what I have received"
|
||||
|
||||
# says my soul
|
||||
|
||||
The phrase "my soul" is a synecdoche for Jeremiah himself. Alternate translation: "I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
||||
# therefore I will hope in him
|
||||
|
||||
Many versions treat these words as the end of the quotation that begins the verse.
|
||||
"I say"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
12
lam/03/25.md
12
lam/03/25.md
|
|
@ -1,16 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# Yahweh is good to those who wait for him
|
||||
|
||||
Here "good" refers to kindness. Alternate translation: "Yahweh is kind to those who wait for him" or "Yahweh does good things for those who wait for him"
|
||||
|
||||
# those who wait for him
|
||||
|
||||
Possible meanings are 1) "all those who depend on him" or 2) "the one who waits patiently for him to act."
|
||||
"Yahweh is kind to those who wait for him" or "Yahweh does good things for those who depend on him"
|
||||
|
||||
# the soul who seeks him
|
||||
|
||||
Possible meanings for "seeks him" are 1) asking God for help or 2) wanting to know God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
# the soul
|
||||
|
||||
This phrase is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: "the person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||||
Possible meanings are "the one who asks Yahweh for help" or "the person who wants to know him."
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# General Information:
|
||||
|
||||
This page has intentionally been left blank.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# that he bear the yoke in his youth
|
||||
|
||||
Here "bear the yoke" represents suffering. The abstract noun "his youth" can be expressed with the word "young." Alternate translation: "that he suffer while he is young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
"that he carry the heavy load while he is young" or "that he suffer while he is young"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# Let him sit alone in silence
|
||||
|
||||
The phrase "in silence" refers to not speaking. Here it may refer specifically to not complaining. Alternate translation: "Let him sit alone without speaking" or "Let him sit alone and not complain"
|
||||
"Let him sit alone without speaking" or "Let him sit alone and not complain"
|
||||
|
||||
# when it is laid upon him
|
||||
|
||||
"when the yoke is laid upon him." Here the yoke represents suffering. Alternate translation: "when he suffers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"when the yoke is laid upon him" or "when the burden is laid on him"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# General Information:
|
||||
|
||||
This page has intentionally been left blank.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
|
|||
# General Information:
|
||||
|
||||
The writer speaks of the one who waits for Yahweh ([Lamentations 3:25](../03/25.md)).
|
||||
The writer speaks of anyone who waits for Yahweh. See Lamentations 3:25.
|
||||
|
||||
# Let him offer his cheek to the one who strikes him
|
||||
|
||||
The word "him" refers to anyone who is suffering and who waits for Yahweh. Here "offer his cheek" represents allowing someone to strike his cheek. Alternate translation: "Let him allow people to hit him on the face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"Let him allow people to hit him on the face"
|
||||
|
||||
# let him be filled to the full with insults
|
||||
|
||||
The author speaks of a person as if he were a container and reproach were a liquid. Being filled with insults represents being insulted again and again. The implication is that he should be patient when this happens. Alternate translation: "let him be insulted much" or "let him be patient when people insult him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"let him be insulted much" or "let him be patient when people insult him"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# General Information:
|
||||
|
||||
This page has intentionally been left blank.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# For he does not afflict from his heart
|
||||
|
||||
Here the heart represents desire or pleasure, and afflicting from the heart represents afflicting with pleasure. Alternate translation: "For it does not make him happy to afflict people" or "He does not take pleasure in afflicting people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
"For it does not make him happy to afflict people" or "For he does not take pleasure in hurting people"
|
||||
|
||||
# the children of mankind
|
||||
|
||||
This refers to people in general. Alternate translation: "human beings" or "people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
"human beings" or "people"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
12
lam/03/34.md
12
lam/03/34.md
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# General Information:
|
||||
# To crush underfoot all the prisoners
|
||||
|
||||
The author wrote in general terms about what is true for all people, but it shows God's concern for his people, the people of Israel, who were being mistreated by their enemies.
|
||||
|
||||
# To crush underfoot
|
||||
|
||||
Here "crush underfoot" represents abusing and mistreating people. Alternate translation: "To abuse" or "To mistreat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])-
|
||||
|
||||
# To crush
|
||||
|
||||
"If people crush"
|
||||
"To abuse all the prisoners" or "If people mistreat all the prisoners"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# to deny a man justice
|
||||
|
||||
"if they deny a man justice." This refers to not allowing a person to have what he deserves. Alternate translation: "to deny a person his rights" or "to keep a person from having what he deserves"
|
||||
"to deny a person his rights" or "if they keep a person from having what he deserves"
|
||||
|
||||
# in the presence of the Most High
|
||||
|
||||
Doing something "in the presence of the Most High" represents doing it while knowing that God sees it. Alternate translation: "knowing that the Most High sees it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
"and the Most High God sees it"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# to deprive a person of justice
|
||||
|
||||
Here "deprive a person of justice" refers to not making a just decision for a person in a legal concern. Alternate translation: "to judge a person wrongly in court" or "to keep a person who goes to a judge from getting what is right"
|
||||
"to judge a person wrongly in court" or "if they keep a person who goes to a judge from getting what is right"
|
||||
|
||||
# to deprive a person of justice
|
||||
# the Lord would not approve such things!
|
||||
|
||||
"if they deny justice to a person" or "if they do not treat a person justly"
|
||||
The phrase "such things" refers to the three wicked actions listed in verses 34-36.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
10
lam/03/37.md
10
lam/03/37.md
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# Who has spoken and it came to pass, unless the Lord decreed it?
|
||||
|
||||
The author uses this rhetorical question to teach that when someone commands something to happen, it will happen only if God has already decreed that it should happen. Alternate translation: "No one has spoken and it came to pass, unless the Lord decreed it." or "What someone has commanded to happen has never happened unless the Lord decreed it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
|
||||
# has spoken
|
||||
|
||||
It can be expressed clearly that this refers to commanding something to happen. Alternate translation: "has commanded that something should happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
|
||||
# it came to pass
|
||||
|
||||
"what he said happened"
|
||||
"No one has spoken and it came to pass, unless the Lord decreed it." or "What someone has commanded to happen has never happened unless the Lord commanded it."
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
10
lam/03/38.md
10
lam/03/38.md
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# Is it not from the mouth of the Most High that both calamities and the good come?
|
||||
|
||||
The author uses this rhetorical question to teach that both calamities and good things happen only because God has commanded them to happen. Alternate translation: "It is only from the mouth of the Most High that both calamities and the good come." or "It is only because the Most High has commanded it that both calamities and good things happen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
|
||||
# from the mouth of the Most High
|
||||
|
||||
Here "mouth" represents what God says or commands. Alternate translation: "from the command of the Most High" or "because the Most High has commanded it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
||||
# both calamities and the good come
|
||||
|
||||
Here "come" represents happening. Also, the nominal adjective "the good" can be stated as "good things." Alternate translation: "both calamities and good things happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]])
|
||||
"It is only from the command of the Most High that both bad things and good things happen." or "It is only because the Most High has commanded them that both difficulties and pleasant things happen."
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# How can any person alive complain? How can a person complain about the punishment for his sins?
|
||||
|
||||
The author uses these rhetorical questions to teach that people should not complain when God punishes them. Alternate translation: "A person should not complain when God punishes him for his sins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
|
||||
# How can any person alive complain
|
||||
|
||||
Possible meanings are 1) it is implied that mere people cannot fully understand God's actions. Alternate translation: "How can a mere person complain" or 2) it is implied that being alive is a gift from God. Alternate translation: "How can a person who is blessed to be alive complain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
"A living person should not complain when God punishes him for his sins." or "A mere person should not complain when he is punished for his sins."
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# General Information:
|
||||
# Let us examine our ways and test them
|
||||
|
||||
The writer speaks again about the suffering that God has caused to Jerusalem, but here he speaks of "we" and "us," not "I" and "me." In verse 42 the author starts a prayer that he and the people of Israel should pray.
|
||||
Let us look carefully at how we have been behaving and test it
|
||||
|
||||
# let us return to Yahweh
|
||||
|
||||
Here "return to Yahweh" represents submitting to him again. Alternate translation: "let us submit to Yahweh again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"let us submit to Yahweh again"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# Let us lift up our hearts and our hands
|
||||
|
||||
Here "lift up our hearts" represents praying sincerely. It was customary for the Israelites to raise their hands when praying to God. Alternate translation: "Let us pray sincerely with lifted hands" or "Let us lift up our hands and pray sincerely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
"Let us pray sincerely with lifted hands" or "Let us lift up our hands and pray sincerely"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# We have transgressed and rebelled
|
||||
|
||||
The words "transgressed" and "rebelled" share similar meanings. Together they indicate that transgression is the same as rebelling against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]])
|
||||
"We have sinned and rebelled"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# You have covered yourself with anger
|
||||
|
||||
Here anger is spoken of as if it were a garment that God has put on. Hebrew often spoke of emotions as if they were clothing. Alternate translation: "You have been angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"You have wrapped yourself in anger" or "You have been very angry"
|
||||
|
||||
# you have killed
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ Here anger is spoken of as if it were a garment that God has put on. Hebrew ofte
|
|||
|
||||
# you have not spared
|
||||
|
||||
Here "spared" represents having pity. Alternate translation: "you have not had pity on us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"you have not had pity on us"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# Connecting Statement:
|
||||
|
||||
The prayer that began in [Lamentations 3:42](../03/42.md) continues.
|
||||
|
||||
# You have covered yourself with a cloud so that no prayer can pass through
|
||||
|
||||
This represents God refusing to listen to the people's prayer. Alternate translation: "You refuse to listen to our prayers. It is as though you put a cloud between us and you so that our prayers cannot get to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"You have put a cloud between us and you so that our prayers cannot get to you." This represents God refusing to listen to the people's prayer.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# You have made us like filthy scum and refuse among the peoples
|
||||
|
||||
The people of Israel are compared to filthy scum and refuse. Possible meanings are 1) God has caused the peoples to think of his people as worthless. Alternate translation: "You have made the peoples think of us as scum and garbage" or 2) God's forcing his people to live among the peoples is like throwing them away as garbage. Alternate translation: "You have thrown us away like filthy garbage among the peoples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
|
||||
Possible meanings are "You have made the peoples think of us as scum and garbage" or "You have thrown us away like filthy scum and garbage among the peoples"
|
||||
|
||||
# peoples
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# General Information:
|
||||
|
||||
This page has intentionally been left blank.
|
||||
|
||||
10
lam/03/47.md
10
lam/03/47.md
|
|
@ -1,16 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# panic and pitfall have come upon us, ruin and destruction
|
||||
|
||||
The abstract nouns "panic," "pitfall," "ruin" and "destruction" can be expressed with verbs. Alternate translation: "we are panicking. We are trapped, and we are being ruined and destroyed" or "we are terrified and trapped. We are being completely destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
"panic and pitfall, ruin and destruction have happened to us" or "we are terrified and trapped. We are being completely destroyed"
|
||||
|
||||
# pitfall
|
||||
|
||||
This refers to falling into a pit. Here it represents being trapped in any way.
|
||||
|
||||
# have come upon us
|
||||
|
||||
"have happened to us"
|
||||
|
||||
# ruin and destruction
|
||||
|
||||
These two words share similar meanings and refer to the destruction of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "total destruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# General Information:
|
||||
|
||||
The author speaks about himself again.
|
||||
|
||||
# My eyes flow with streams of tears
|
||||
|
||||
Here the author speaks of the great amount of his tears as if they were streams. He uses exaggeration to show that he is very sad and has cried much. Alternate translation: "Tears flow from my eyes like water flowing in a river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||||
"Tears flow from my eyes like water flowing in a river"
|
||||
|
||||
# because of the destruction my people
|
||||
|
||||
The abstract noun "destruction" can be translated using the verb "destroy." Alternate translation: "because enemies have destroyed my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
"because my people are destroyed" or "because enemies have destroyed my people"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# without ceasing, without relief
|
||||
|
||||
Both of these phrases means the same thing. The author speaks of his continuing to cry as if his eyes were a person and had no rest from crying. Alternate translation: "without stopping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
|
||||
"without stopping" or "and they will not stop"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# until Yahweh from heaven looks down and sees
|
||||
|
||||
What the author hopes Yahweh will see can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "until Yahweh looks down from heaven and sees what has happened to my people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
"until Yahweh looks down from heaven and sees what has happened to my people"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# My eyes cause grief to my soul
|
||||
|
||||
The phrase "My eyes" represents what he sees, and the word "soul" is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: "What I see causes me to grieve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||||
"What I see causes me to grieve"
|
||||
|
||||
# because of all the daughters of my city
|
||||
|
||||
It can be stated clearly that the "daughters of my city" are suffering. Alternate translation: "because the daughters of my city are suffering" or "because I see the daughters of my city suffering" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
|
||||
# all the daughters of my city
|
||||
|
||||
Possible meanings are 1) the women of Jerusalem or 2) all the inhabitants of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
"because of what is happening to the women of my city" or "because I see the daughters of my city suffering"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# I have been hunted like a bird by those who were my enemies
|
||||
|
||||
The author speaks of people looking for him in order to kill him as if he were an animal that they were hunting. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "My enemies have looked for me in order to kill me like people who hunt for a bird" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"My enemies have hunted melike a bird"or "My enemies have looked for me in order to kill me like people who hunt for a bird"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -4,5 +4,5 @@
|
|||
|
||||
# I have been cut off
|
||||
|
||||
Being "cut off" often represents being killed. Here it represents dying very soon. Alternate translation: "I am about to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"I am about to die"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# I called ... from the depths of the pit
|
||||
|
||||
These words could mean either 1) the author was calling from the bottom of a literal pit into which he had been thrown. Alternate translation: "I called ... from the bottom of the pit" Or 2) the author was afraid he was about to die and he spoke of death as a pit out of which he could not climb. Alternate translation: "from the pit of the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
# I called on your name
|
||||
|
||||
God's name represents his character, and here, "called on your name" represents trusting God's character and calling on him for help. Alternate translation: "I called to you for help" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
"I called to you for help" or "I prayed to you"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# You heard my voice
|
||||
|
||||
Here "voice" represents what he said. Alternate translation: "You heard my words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Do not close your ear
|
||||
|
||||
Here "close your ear" represents refusing to listen. Alternate translation: "Do not refuse to listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
"Do not refuse to listen"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# You came near
|
||||
|
||||
People often come near to a person they help. Here "came near" represents helping the man. Alternate translation: "you helped me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
|||
# you defended my soul's case
|
||||
|
||||
The author speaks of God keeping him from being killed by his enemies as if God had defended him in court as a lawyer defends someone and kept him from being killed. The word "soul" is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: "you saved my life from my enemies. It is as though you defended me in court" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||||
"you defended me in court" or "you spoke in my defense"
|
||||
|
||||
# you redeemed my life
|
||||
|
||||
Jeremiah speaks of Yahweh saving him from death as if Yahweh had paid Jeremiah's captor so Jeremiah could go free. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
"you bought back my life" or "you saved my life"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# judge my case
|
||||
|
||||
Here God is no longer pictured as a lawyer, but as the judge. It can be stated clearly that he wanted God to judge in his favor. Alternate translation: "make a decision about me, and show my enemies that I am right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
"judge me and show that I am right"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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Reference in New Issue