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Numbers 21
Numbers 21:1
he fought against Israel
Here "he fought" means that his army fought. Alternate translation: "his army fought against Israel" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
Numbers 21:2
Israel vowed
This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "The people of Israel vowed" or "The Israelites made a vow" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
Numbers 21:3
listened to Israel's voice
Here "listen" means that Yahweh did as they asked. Alternate translation: "did what Israel asked" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
Israel's voice
Here "voice" is a metonym that refers to their request. Alternate translation: "what Israel asked" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
They completely destroyed them and their cities
"The people of Israel completely destroyed the Canaanite army and their cities"
That place was called Hormah
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They called that place Hormah" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
Numbers 21:4
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Numbers 21:5
Why have you brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness?
The people used this question in order to rebuke Moses. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You should not made us leave Egypt to die in the wilderness!" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion)
Numbers 21:6
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Numbers 21:7
we have spoken against Yahweh and you
"we have said bad things about Yahweh and you"
we have spoken ... from us
The words "we" and "us" here refer to the people but not to Moses. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclusive)
Numbers 21:8
Make a snake
Since it is impossible for Moses to make a real snake, it is implied that he was to make a model of a snake. This implied information can be made clear. Alternate translation: "Make a model of a snake" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
everyone who is bitten
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "everyone whom a snake bites" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
Numbers 21:9
a bronze snake
"a snake out of bronze"
if he looked at the bronze snake, he survived
Here "he" refers to "any person" who was bitten by a snake.
Numbers 21:10
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Numbers 21:11
that faces Moab
Here "faces" is an idiom that means "is across from" or "is next to." Alternate translation: "that is next to Moab" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
Numbers 21:12
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Numbers 21:13
forms the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites
This means that the two peoples lived on different sides of the river, which was a boundary between them. The Moabite people lived south of the river and the Amorites lived on the north.
Numbers 21:14
Waheb in Suphah
These are both names of places. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Numbers 21:15
the slope of the valleys that lead toward the town of Ar and lie along the border of Moab
"the valleys that go downhill to the town of Ar and lie along the border of Moab"
Numbers 21:16
to Beer, the well
This can be stated as two sentences. Alternate translation: "to Beer. There was a well there"
where Yahweh said to Moses, "Gather the people together for me to give them water."
This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: "where Yahweh told Moses to gather the people together for him to give them water" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-quotations)
Numbers 21:17
Spring up, well
Here "well" represents the water in the well. The Israelites are speaking to the water as if it were a person who could hear them, and they are asking for it to fill the well. Alternate translation: "Water, fill up the well" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification)
Numbers 21:18
the well that our leaders dug, the well the nobles of the people dug
These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the role of the leaders in digging the well. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism)
with the scepter and their staffs
A scepter was carried by those with authority, and the staff was carried by everyone. Neither of these are digging tools. These two items emphasize that they were not too proud to use any means available. Alternate translation: "using even their scepter and staffs" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
Numbers 21:19
Nahaliel ... Bamoth
These are the names of places. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Numbers 21:20
Mount Pisgah
This is the name of a mountain. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
looks down on the wilderness
This is an idiom. It is a way of saying that the mountain is high, and speaks of the mountain as if it were a person who looks down to see the wilderness below him. Alternate translation: "rises above the wilderness" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification)
Numbers 21:21
Then Israel
Here "Israel" refers to the people of Israel, and especially to their leaders. Alternate translation: "Then the Israelites" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
Numbers 21:22
We will not turn into any field or vineyard
"We will not go into any of your fields or vineyards"
the king's highway
This is the main road that connects Damascus in the north to the Gulf of Aqabah in the south. See how you translated this in Numbers 20:17.
Numbers 21:23
to pass through their border
"to cross over their border." Here "their" refers to the Amorites.
Jahaz
This is the name of a place. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
he fought against Israel
Here "he" refers to King Sihon who represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: "they fought against the Israelites" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche)
Numbers 21:24
Israel attacked
Here "Israel" refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "The Israelites attacked" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
with the edge of the sword
"with the sharp part of the sword." The "edge of the sword" is associated with death and complete destruction. Alternate translation: "and completely defeated them" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
took their land
"conquered the land of the Amorites." Here the word "their" refers to the Amorites.
was fortified
"was strongly defended." The Israelites did not attack the Ammonites.
Numbers 21:25
Heshbon and all of its villages
Here "its" is possessive to show that a relationship existed between the city of Heshbon and these nearby villages. Alternate translation: "Heshbon and the nearby villages that it controlled"
Numbers 21:26
Sihon had taken all his land
Here "his" refers to the king of Moab.
Numbers 21:27
Heshbon ... city of Sihon
These are two names that refer to the same city. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism)
Let the city of Sihon be rebuilt and established again
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Let someone rebuild and establish again the city of Sihon" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
rebuilt and established
These two terms are very similar and emphasize that the city will be fully rebuilt. Alternate translation: "completely rebuilt" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet)
Numbers 21:28
A fire blazed from Heshbon, a flame from the city of Sihon
These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that destruction will begin at Heshbon. The fire refers to a destroying army. Alternate translation: "King Sihon led a strong army from the city of Heshbon" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
devoured Ar of Moab
The army of Sihon is spoken of as if it was an animal that ate up the city of Ar. Alternate translation: "destroyed the town of Ar in the land of Moab" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
Numbers 21:29
Moab ... people of Chemosh
These two phrases refer to the same people. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism)
people of Chemosh
"Chemosh" was the name of the false god whom the Moabites worshiped. Alternate translation: "the people who worship Chemosh"
He has made his sons
"He" and "his" refer to Chemosh.
Numbers 21:30
we have conquered
Here "we" refers to the Israelites who defeated Sihon.
Heshbon is devastated
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "We have devastated Heshbon" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
Heshbon ... all the way to Dibon ... all the way to Nophah ... to Medeba
These are all places in Sihon's kingdom. This means the Israelites destroyed Sihon's entire nation. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism)
Numbers 21:31
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Numbers 21:32
drove out
"chased away"
Numbers 21:33
went out against them
"attacked them"
Numbers 21:34
Do to him as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites
The Israelites had completely destroyed Sihon. Alternate translation: "Destroy him like you destroyed Sihon king of the Amorites"
Numbers 21:35
So they killed him
"So the army of Israel killed Og"
none of his people were left alive
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "all of his people were dead" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
they took over his land
"they took control of his land"