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Luke 13
Luke 13:1
Connecting Statement:
Jesus is still speaking in front of the crowd. Some people in the crowd ask him a question and he begins to respond. This continues the story that begins in Luke 12:1.
At that time
This phrase connects this event to the end of chapter 12, when Jesus was teaching a crowd of people.
whose blood Pilate mixed with their own sacrifices
Here "blood" refers to the death of the Galileans. They were probably killed while they were offering their sacrifices. This could be stated explicitly as in the UDB. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
whose blood Pilate mixed with their own sacrifices
Pilate probably ordered his soldiers to kill people rather than doing it himself. Alternate translation: "whom Pilate's soldiers killed as they were sacrificing animals" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
Luke 13:2
Do you think that these Galileans were more sinful ... way?
"Were these Galileans more sinful ... way?" or "Does this prove that these Galileans were more sinful ... way?" Jesus uses this question to challenge the understanding of the people. He answers the question in verse 3. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion)
Luke 13:3
No, I tell you. But if you do not repent ... same way
Jesus answers the question he asked in 13:2. Jesus explains that the Galileans who were killed were not more sinful than other Galileans.
No, I tell you
Here "I tell you" emphasizes "no." Alternate translation: "They certainly were not more sinful" or "You are wrong to think that their suffering proves that they were more sinful"
all of you will perish in the same way
"all of you also will die." The phrase "in the same way" means they will experience the same result, not that they will die by the same method.
perish
die
Luke 13:4
Or those
This is Jesus's second example of people who suffered. Alternate translation: "Or consider those" or "Think about those"
eighteen people
"18 people" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers)
Siloam
This is the name of an area in Jerusalem. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
do you think they were worse sinners ... Jerusalem?
Jesus uses this question to challenge the understanding of the people. He answers the question in 13:4. Alternate translation: "does this prove that they were more sinful ... Jerusalem?" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion)
they were worse sinners
The crowd assumed that they died in this terrible way because they were especially sinful. This could be explicitly stated. Alternate translation: "they died because they were worse sinners" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
other men
"other people." The word here is the general term for a person. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-gendernotations)
Luke 13:5
No, I say
Jesus answers the question he asked in 13:4. Alternate translation: "They certainly did not die because they were more sinful"
perish
die
Luke 13:6
General Information:
Jesus begins to tell the crowd a parable to explain his last statement, "But if you do not repent, all of you will also perish." (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parables)
Someone had a fig tree planted in his vineyard
The owner of a vineyard had another person plant a fig tree in the vineyard.
Luke 13:7
Why let it waste the ground?
The man uses a question to emphasize that the tree is useless and the gardener should cut it down. Alternate translation: "Do not let it waste the ground." (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion)
Luke 13:8
leave it alone
"do not do anything to the tree" or "do not cut it down"
put manure on it
"put manure in the soil." Manure is animal dung. People put it in the ground to make the soil good for plants and trees. Alternate translation: "put fertilizer on it" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
Luke 13:9
Connecting Statement:
Jesus finishes telling his parable. This is the end of the story that began in Luke 12:1.
If it bears fruit next year, good
It may be helpful to state what will happen. Alternate translation: "If it has figs on it next year, good; we can allow it to keep growing" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
cut it down
The servant was making a suggestion; he was not giving a command to the owner. Alternate translation: "tell me to cut it down" or "I will cut it down"
Luke 13:10
General Information:
Verses 10-11 give background information about the setting of this part of the story and about a crippled woman who is introduced into the story. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background)
Now
The author uses this word to mark the beginning of a new event. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-newevent)
during the Sabbath
"on a Sabbath day." Some languages would say "a Sabbath" because we do not know which particular Sabbath day it was.
Luke 13:11
Behold, a woman was there
The word "behold" here alerts us to a new person in the story. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-participants)
eighteen years
"18 years" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers)
a spirit of weakness
"an evil spirit that made her weak"
Luke 13:12
Woman, you are freed from your weakness
"Woman, you are healed from your disease." This can be expressed with an active verb: Alternate translation: "Woman, I have set you free from your weakness" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
Woman, you are freed from your weakness
By saying this, Jesus healed her. This can be expressed with a sentence that shows that he was causing it to happen, or by a command. Alternate translation: "Woman, I now free you from your weakness" or "Woman, be freed from your weakness" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-declarative)
Luke 13:13
He placed his hands on her
"He touched her"
she was straightened up
This could be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "she stood up straight" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
Luke 13:14
was indignant
"was very angry"
answered and said
"said" or "responded"
be healed then
This could be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "let someone heal you during those six days" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
on the Sabbath day
"on a Sabbath day." Some languages would say "a Sabbath" because we do not know which particular Sabbath day it was.
Luke 13:15
The Lord answered him
"The Lord responded to the synagogue ruler"
Hypocrites
Jesus speaks directly to the synagogue ruler, but the plural form includes the other religious rulers also. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "You and your fellow religious leaders are hypocrites" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
Does not each of you untie his ox or his donkey from the stall and lead it to drink on the Sabbath?
Jesus uses a question to get them to think about something they already knew. Alternate translation: "Every one of you unties his ox or his donkey from the stall and leads it to drink on the Sabbath." (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion)
ox ... donkey
These are animals that people care for by giving them water.
on the Sabbath
"on a Sabbath." Some languages would say "a Sabbath" because we do not know which particular Sabbath day it was.
Luke 13:16
daughter of Abraham
This is an idiom that means, "descendant of Abraham" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
whom Satan bound
Jesus compares people tying animals to the way Satan restricted the woman with this disease. Alternate translation: "whom Satan kept crippled by her illness" or "whom Satan bound with this disease" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
eighteen long years
"18 long years." The word "long" here emphasizes that eighteen years was a very long time for the woman to suffer. Other languages may have other ways of emphasizing this. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers)
should her bonds not be untied ... day?
Jesus uses a question to tell the synagogue rulers that they are wrong. Jesus speaks about the women's disease as if it were ropes that bound her. This can be translated as an active statement. Alternate translation: "it is right to release her from the bonds of this illness ... day." (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
Luke 13:17
As he said these things
"When Jesus said these things"
the glorious things he did
"the glorious things Jesus was doing"
Luke 13:18
Connecting Statement:
Jesus begins to tell a parable to the people in the synagogue. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parables)
What is the kingdom of God like, and what can I compare it to?
Jesus uses two questions to introduce what he is about to teach. Alternate translation: "I will tell you what the kingdom of God is like and what I can compare it to." (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion)
what can I compare it to?
This is basically the same as the previous question. Some languages can use both questions, and some would use only one. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism)
Luke 13:19
It is like a mustard seed
Jesus compares the kingdom to a mustard seed. Alternate translation: "The kingdom of God is like a mustard seed" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile)
a mustard seed
A mustard seed is a very small seed that grows into a large plant. If this seed is not known, the phrase can be translated with the name of another seed like it or simply as "a small seed." (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown)
threw into his garden
"planted in his garden." People planted some kinds of seeds by throwing them so that they scattered in the garden. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
a big tree
The word "big" is an exaggeration that contrasts the tree with the tiny seed. Alternate translation: "a very large shrub" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole)
birds of heaven
"birds of the sky." Alternate translation: "birds that fly in the sky" or "birds"
Luke 13:20
To what can I compare the kingdom of God?
Jesus uses another question to introduce what he is about to teach. Alternate translation: "I will tell you another thing to which I can compare to the kingdom of God." (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion)
Luke 13:21
Connecting Statement:
Jesus finishes speaking to the people in the synagogue. This is the end of this part of the story.
It is like yeast
Jesus compares the kingdom of God to yeast in bread dough. Alternate translation: "The kingdom of God is like yeast" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile)
like yeast
Only a little bit of yeast is needed to make a lot of dough rise. This can be made clear, as it is in the UDB. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
three measures of flour
This is a large amount of flour, since each measure was about 13 liters. You may need to use a term that your culture uses to measure flour. Alternate translation: "a large amount of flour"
Luke 13:22
General Information:
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Luke 13:23
are only a few people to be saved?
This could be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "will God save only a few people?" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
Luke 13:24
General Information:
Jesus responds to a question by using a metaphor about entering God's kingdom. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
Struggle to enter through the narrow door
"Work hard to go through the narrow doorway." Jesus is speaking about the entrance to God's kingdom as if it were a small doorway to a house. Since Jesus is talking to a group, the "you" implied in this command is plural. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you)
the narrow door
The fact that the door is narrow implies that it is difficult to go through it. Translate it in a way to keep this restrictive meaning. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
many will try to enter, but will not be able to enter
It is implied that they will not be able to enter because of the difficulty of entering. The next verse explains the difficulty. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
Luke 13:25
Connecting Statement:
Jesus continues to talk about entering into God's kingdom.
Once the owner
"After the owner"
the owner of the house
This refers to the owner of the house with the narrow door in the previous verses. This is a metaphor for God as the ruler of the kingdom. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
you will stand outside
Jesus was talking to a crowd. The form of "you" is plural. He is addressing them as if they will not enter through the narrow door into the kingdom. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you)
pound the door
"hit on the door." This is an attempt to gain the owner's attention.
Luke 13:26
General Information:
This page has intentionally been left blank.
Luke 13:27
Get away from me
"Go away from me"
Luke 13:28
crying and the grinding of teeth
These actions are symbolic acts, indicating great regret and sadness. Alternate translation: "crying and grinding of teeth because of your great regret" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction)
when you see
Jesus continues to speak to the crowd as if they will not enter into the kingdom of heaven.
but you are thrown out
"but you yourselves will have been thrown outside." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "but God will have forced you outside" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
Luke 13:29
from the east, west, north, and south
This means "from every direction." (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism)
be seated at a table in the kingdom of God
It was common to speak of the joy in God's kingdom as a feast. Alternate translation: "they will feast in the kingdom of God" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
Luke 13:30
Connecting Statement:
Jesus continues to talk about entering into God's kingdom. This is the end of this conversation.
will be first ... will be last
Being first represents being important or honored. Alternate translation: "will be the most important ... will be the least important" or "God will honor ... God will shame" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
Luke 13:31
Connecting Statement:
This is the next event in this part of the story. Jesus is still on his way towards Jerusalem when some Pharisees speak to him about Herod.
In that same hour
"Right at that time" or "Soon after Jesus finished speaking"
Go and leave here because Herod wants to kill you
Translate this as a warning to Jesus. They were advising him to go somewhere else and be safe.
Herod wants to kill you
Herod would order people to kill Jesus. Alternate translation: "Herod wants to send his men to kill you"
Luke 13:32
that fox
Jesus was calling Herod a fox. A fox is a small wild dog. Possible meanings are 1) Herod was not much of a threat at all 2) Herod was deceptive. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
Luke 13:33
In any case
"Nevertheless" or "However" or "Whatever happens"
it is not acceptable for a prophet to be destroyed outside of Jerusalem
The Jewish leaders claimed to serve God and that Jerusalem was their holy city, but it was in Jerusalem that their ancestors had killed many of God's prophets, and Jesus knew that they would kill him there also. This can be stated in positive terms. Alternate translation: "it is only in Jerusalem that it is acceptable for prophets to be destroyed" or "even though you think you are serving God and Jerusalem is your holy city, you disobey God by killing his prophets, and in doing so you defile Jerusalem" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublenegatives)
to be destroyed
"to be killed"
Luke 13:34
Connecting Statement:
Jesus finishes responding to the Pharisees. This is the end of this part of the story.
Jerusalem, Jerusalem
Jesus speaks as if the people of Jerusalem are there listening to him. Jesus says this twice to show how sad he is for them. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe)
who kills the prophets and stones those sent to you
If it would be strange to address the city, you can make it clear that Jesus was really addressing the people in the city: "you people who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
those sent to you
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "those God has sent to you" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
How often I desired
"I so often desired." This is an exclamation and not a question.
to gather your children
The people of Jerusalem are described as her "children." Alternate translation: "to gather your people" or "to gather the people of Jerusalem" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
the way a hen gathers her brood under her wings
This describes how a hen protects her young from harm by covering them with her wings. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
Luke 13:35
your house is abandoned
This is a prophecy about something that would happen soon. It means that God has stopped protecting the people of Jerusalem, so enemies can attack them and drive them away. Possible meanings are 1) God will abandon them. Alternate translation: "God will abandon you" or 2) their city will be empty. Alternate translation: "your house will be abandoned" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
you will not see me until you say
"you will not see me until the time comes when you will say" or "the next time you see me, you will say"
the name of the Lord
Here "name" refers to the Lord's power and authority. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)