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Luke 10
Luke 10:1
General Information:
Jesus sends out 70 more people ahead of him.
Now
This word is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-newevent)
seventy
"70." Some versions say "seventy-two" or "72." You may want to include a footnote that says that. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers)
sent them out two by two
"sent them out in groups of two" or "sent them out with two people in each group"
Luke 10:2
He said to them
This was before the men actually went out. Alternate translation: "He had said to them" or "Before they went out he told them" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-events)
The harvest is plentiful, but the laborers are few
"There is a big crop, but not enough workers to bring it in." Jesus means there are many people ready to enter God's kingdom, but there are not enough disciples to go teach and help the people. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
Luke 10:3
Go on your way
"Go to the cities" or "Go to the people"
I send you out as lambs in the midst of wolves
Wolves attack and kill sheep. This metaphor therefore means that there are people who would attempt to harm the disciples that Jesus is sending out. The names of other animals could be substituted. Alternate translation: "when I send you out, people will want to harm you, as wolves attack sheep" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile)
Luke 10:4
Do not carry a money bag, or a traveler's bag, or sandals
"Do not take with you a bag, a traveler's bag, or sandals"
greet no one on the road
"do not greet anyone on the road." Jesus was emphasizing that they should go quickly to the towns and do this work. He was not telling them to be rude.
Luke 10:5
May peace be on this house
This was both a greeting and a blessing. Here "house" refers to those who live in the house. Alternate translation: "May the people in this household receive peace" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
Luke 10:6
a son of peace
The phrase "son of peace" here is a metaphor for a person who wants peace with God and with people. Alternate translation: "a peaceful person" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
your peace will rest upon him
Here "peace" is described as a living thing that can choose where to stay. Alternate translation: "he will have the peace you blessed him with" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification)
if not
It may be helpful to restate the entire phrase. Alternate translation: "if there is no person of peace there" or "if the owner of the house is not a peaceful person" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis)
it will return to you
Here "peace" is described as a living thing that can choose to leave. Alternate translation: "you will have that peace" or "he will not receive the peace you blessed him with" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification)
Luke 10:7
Remain in that same house
Jesus was not saying that they should stay in the house all day, but that they should sleep at the same house every night they were there. Alternate translation: "Continue to sleep at that house"
for the laborer is worthy of his wages
This is a general principle that Jesus was applying to the men he was sending out. Since they would be teaching and healing the people, the people should provide them with a place to stay and with food.
Do not move around from house to house
Moving around from house to house means going to different houses. It can be made clear that he was talking about staying overnight at different houses. "Do not go sleep at a different house each night" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
Luke 10:8
and they receive you
"if they welcome you"
eat what is set before you
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "eat whatever food they give you" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
Luke 10:9
the sick
This refers to sick people in general. Alternate translation: "the sick people" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj)
The kingdom of God has come close to you
The abstract noun "kingdom" can be expressed with the verbs "reign" or "rule." Possible meanings are 1) the kingdom of God will begin soon. Alternate translation: "God will soon rule everywhere as king" or 2) the activities of kingdom of God are happening all around you. Alternate translation: "The proof that God is reigning is all around you" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns)
Luke 10:10
and they do not receive you
"and the people of the city reject you"
Luke 10:11
Even the dust from your town that clings to our feet we wipe off against you
This is a symbolic action to show that they reject the people of the city. Alternate translation: "Just as you rejected us, we thoroughly reject you. We even reject the dust from your town that clings to our feet" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction)
we wipe off
Since Jesus was sending these people out in groups of two, it would be two people saying this. So languages that have a dual form of "we" would use it. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclusive)
But know this: The kingdom of God has come near
The phrase "But know this" emphasizes the importance of what is said next. Alternate translation: "But be aware that the kingdom of God has come near" or "But be sure of this: The kingdom of God has come near"
The kingdom of God has come near
The abstract noun "kingdom" can be expressed with the verbs "reign" or "rule." See how you translated a similar sentence in Luke 10:8. Alternate translation: "God will soon rule everywhere as king" or "The proof that God is reigning is all around you" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns)
Luke 10:12
I say to you
Jesus was saying this to the 70 people he was sending out. He said this to show that he was about to say something very important.
that day
The disciples would have understood that this refers to the time of final judgment of sinners. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
it will be more tolerable for Sodom than for that town
"God will not judge Sodom as severely as he will judge that town." Alternate translation: "God will judge the people of that town more severely than he will judge the people of Sodom" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
Luke 10:13
Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida!
Jesus speaks as if the people of the cities of Chorazin and Bethsaida are there listening to him, but they are not. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe and rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
If the mighty works which were done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon
Jesus is describing a situation that could have happened in the past but did not. Alternate translation: "If someone had performed the miracles for the people of Tyre and Sidon that I performed for you" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hypo and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
they would have repented long ago, sitting
"the wicked people who lived there would have shown that they were sorry for their sins by sitting"
sitting in sackcloth and ashes
"wearing sackcloth and sitting in ashes"
Luke 10:14
But it will be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the judgment than for you
It may be helpful to clearly state the reason for their judgment. Alternate translation: "But because you did not repent and believe in me even though you saw me do miracles, God will judge you more severely than he will judge the people of Tyre and Sidon" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
at the judgment
"on that final day when God judges everyone"
Luke 10:15
You, Capernaum
Jesus now speaks to the people in the city of Capernaum as if they are listening to him, but they are not. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
do you think you will be exalted to heaven?
Jesus uses a question to rebuke the people of Capernaum for their pride. The expression "exalted to heaven" means "greately exalted" or "honored." Alternate translation: "you will certainly not go up to heaven!" or "God will not honor you!" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
you will be brought down to Hades
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you will go down to Hades" or "God will send you to Hades" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
Luke 10:16
The one who listens to you listens to me
The comparison can be clearly stated as a simile. Alternate translation: "When someone listens to you, it is as if they were listening to me" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile)
the one who rejects you rejects me
The comparison can be clearly stated as a simile. Alternate translation: "when someone rejects you, it is as if they were rejecting me" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile)
the one who rejects me rejects the one who sent me
The comparison can be clearly stated as a simile. Alternate translation: "when someone rejects me, it is as if they were rejecting the one who sent me" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile)
the one who sent me
This refers to God the Father, who appointed Jesus for this special task. Alternate translation: "God, who sent me" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
Luke 10:17
The seventy returned
Some languages will need to say that the seventy actually went out first, as the UDB does. This is implicit information that can be made explicit. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
seventy
You may want to add a footnote: "Some versions have '72' instead of '70.'" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers)
in your name
Here "name" refers to Jesus's power and authority. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
Luke 10:18
I was watching Satan fall from heaven as lightning
Jesus used a simile to compare how God was defeating Satan when his 70 disciples were preaching in the towns to the way lightning strikes. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile)
fall from heaven as lightning
Possible meanings are 1) fall as quickly as lighting strikes, or 2) fall down from heaven as lightning strikes downward. Since both meaning are possible, it may be best to keep the image.
Luke 10:19
authority to tread on serpents and scorpions
"authority to trample on snakes and crush scorpions." Possible meanings are 1) snakes and scorpions are a metaphor for evil spirits. Alternate translation: "the right to defeat evil spirits" or 2) this refers to actual snakes and scorpions. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
tread on serpents and scorpions
This implies that they would do this and not be injured. Alternate translation: "walk on snakes and scorpions, which will not hurt you," (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
scorpions
Scorpions are small animals with two claws and a poisonous stinger on their tail.
over all the power of the enemy
"I have given you authority to crush the power of the enemy" or "I have given you authority to defeat the enemy." The enemy is Satan. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
Luke 10:20
do not rejoice only in this, that the spirits submit to you, but rejoice even more that your names are engraved in heaven
"do not rejoice only because the spirits submit to you" can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "rejoice that your names are written in heaven even more than you rejoice that the spirits submit to you"
your names are engraved in heaven
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God has written your names in heaven" or "your names are on the list of people who are citizens of heaven" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
Luke 10:21
that same hour
"that same time"
Father
This is an important title for God. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples)
Lord of heaven and earth
The phrase "heaven" and earth" represents everything that exists. Alternate translation: "Master over everyone and everything in heaven and earth" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism)
these things
This refers to Jesus's previous teaching about the authority of the disciples. It may be best to simply say "these things" and let the reader determine the meaning.
the wise and understanding
The words "wise" and "understanding" are nominal adjectives that refer to people with these qualities. Because God had concealed truth from them, these people were not actually wise and understanding, even though they thought they were. Alternate translation: "from people who think they are wise and have understanding" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj)
those who are untaught, like little children
This refers to those who may not have much education but who are willing to accept Jesus's teachings in the same way that little children willingly listen to those they trust. Alternate translation: "people who may have little education, but who listen to God as little children do" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile)
for so it was well pleasing in your sight
"for it pleased you to do this"
Luke 10:22
All things have been entrusted to me from my Father
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "My Father has handed everything over to me" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
Father ... Son
These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples)
no one knows who the Son is except the Father
This double negative emphasizes that the Father is the only one who knows. Alternate translation: "The only one who knows who the Son is, is the Father" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublenegatives)
knows ... knows
The word that is translated as "knows" means to know from personal experience. God the Father knows Jesus in this way.
the Son
Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person)
no one knows who the Father is except the Son and those ... him
This double negative emphasizes that the Son is the only one who knows. Alternate translation: "The only one who knows who the Father is, is the Son" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublenegatives)
those to whom the Son chooses to reveal him
"whoever the Son desires to show the Father to"
Luke 10:23
Then he turned around to the disciples and said privately
The word "privately" indicates that he was alone with his disciples. Alternate translation: "Later, when he was alone with his disciples, he turned to them and said" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
Blessed are those who see the things that you see
This probably refers to the good works and miracles that Jesus was doing. Alternate translation: "How good it is for those who see the things that you see me doing" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
Luke 10:24
and they did not see them
This implies that Jesus was not yet doing those things. Alternate translation: "but they could not see them because I was not doing them yet" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
the things that you hear
This probably refers to the teaching of Jesus. Alternate translation: "the things that you have heard me say" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
and they did not hear them
This implies that Jesus was not yet teaching. Alternate translation: "but they could not hear them because I had not yet started to teach" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
Luke 10:25
Connecting Statement:
Jesus replies with a story to a Jewish teacher who wants to test Jesus. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parables)
Behold, an expert in the law
This alerts us to a new event and a new person in the story. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-newevent and rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-participants)
stood up
This is an idiom that probably here means "began to act." Your language may have a different way of showing that the expert in the law had been present, listening to Jesus, and was now beginning to act. He was not necessarily sitting before he "stood up" and began to speak. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
test him
"challenge Jesus"
Luke 10:26
What is written in the law? How do you read it?
Jesus is not seeking information. He uses these questions to test the Jewish teacher's knowledge. Alternate translation: "Tell me what Moses wrote in the law and what you think it means." (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion)
What is written in the law?
This can be asked in active form. Alternate translation: "What did Moses write in the law?" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
How do you read it?
"What have you read in it?" or "What do you understand it to say?"
Luke 10:27
You will love ... neighbor as yourself
The man is quoting what Moses wrote in the law.
with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your strength, and with all your mind
Here "heart" and "soul" are metonyms for a person's inner being. These four phrases are used together to mean "completely" or "earnestly." (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet)
your neighbor as yourself
This simile can be stated more clearly. Alternate translation: "love your neighbor as much as you love yourself" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile)
Luke 10:28
General Information:
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Luke 10:29
But he, desiring to justify himself, said
"But the expert in the law wanted to find a way to justify himself, so he said" or "But wanting to appear righteous, the expert in the law said"
Who is my neighbor?
The man wanted to know whom he was required to love. Alternate translation: "Whom should I consider to be my neighbor and love as I love myself?" or "Which people are my neighbors that I should love?" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
Luke 10:30
Jesus answered him and said
Jesus answers the man by telling a parable. Alternate translation: "In response, Jesus told him this story" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parables)
A certain man
This introduces a new character in the parable. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-participants)
He fell among robbers, who
"He was surrounded by robbers, who" or "Some robbers attacked him. They"
stripped him of his belongings
"took everything he had" or "stole all his things"
half dead
This idiom means "almost dead." (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
Luke 10:31
By chance
This was not something that any person had planned.
a certain priest
This expression introduces a new person in the story, but does not identify him by name. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-participants)
and when he saw him
"and when the priest saw the injured man." A priest is a very religious person, so the audience would assume that he would help the injured man. Since he did not, this phrase could be stated as "but when he saw him" to call attention to this unexpected result. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
he passed by on the other side
It is implied that he did not help the man. Alternate translation: "he did not help the injured man but instead walked past him on the other side of the road" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
Luke 10:32
a Levite ... the other side
The Levite served in the temple. He would be expected to help his fellow Jewish man. Since he did not, it may are helpful to state that. Alternate translation: "a Levite ... the other side and did not help him" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
Luke 10:33
But a certain Samaritan
This introduces a new person in the story without giving his name. We know only that he was from Samaria. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-participants)
a certain Samaritan
The Jews despised the Samaritans and would have assumed that he would not help the injured Jewish man. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
When he saw him
"When the Samaritan saw the injured man"
he was moved with compassion
"he felt sorry for him"
Luke 10:34
bound up his wounds, pouring oil and wine on them
He would have put the oil and wine on the wounds first. Alternate translation: "he put wine and oil on the wounds and wrapped them with cloth" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-events)
pouring oil and wine on them
Wine was used to clean the wound, and oil was probably used to prevent infection. This can be stated. Alternate translation: "pouring oil and wine on them to help heal them" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
his own animal
"his own pack animal." This was an animal that he used to carry heavy loads. It was probably a donkey.
Luke 10:35
two denarii
"two day's wages." "Denarii" is the plural of "denarius." (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bmoney)
the host
"the innkeeper" or "the person who took care of the inn"
whatever extra you spend, when I return, I will repay you
This could be reordered. Alternate translation: "when I return, I will repay you whatever extra amount you spend"
Luke 10:36
Which of these three do you think ... robbers?
This could be written as two questions. Alternate translation: "What do you think? Which of these three men ... robbers?"
was a neighbor
"showed himself to be a true neighbor"
to him who fell among the robbers
"to the man whom the robbers attacked"
Luke 10:37
He said, "The one who showed mercy to him."
"The expert in the law said, 'The one who showed mercy to him.'"
Go and do the same
Here "do the same" refers to showing mercy to others. Alternate translation: "In the same way, go and show mercy to anyone else who needs help" or "In the same way, go and help everyone you can"
Luke 10:38
General Information:
Jesus comes to Martha's house, where her sister Mary listens to Jesus with great attention.
Now
This word is used here to mark a new event. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-newevent)
as they were traveling along
"as Jesus and his disciples were traveling along"
a certain village
This introduces the village as a new location, but does not name it.
a certain woman named Martha
This introduces Martha as a new character. Your language may have a way of introducing new people. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-participants)
Luke 10:39
sat at the Lord's feet
This was the normal and respectful position for a learner at that time. Alternate translation: "sat on the floor near Jesus" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
heard his word
This refers to everything that Jesus taught while at Martha's house. Alternate translation: "listened to the Lord teach" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
Luke 10:40
overly busy
"very busy" or "too busy"
do you not care ... alone?
Martha is complaining that the Lord is allowing Mary to sit listening to him when there is so much work to do. She respects the Lord, so she uses a rhetorical question to make her complaint more polite. Alternate translation: "it seems like you do not care ... alone." (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion)
Luke 10:41
Martha, Martha
Jesus repeats Martha's name for emphasis. Alternate translation: "Dear Martha" or "You, Martha"
Luke 10:42
only one thing is necessary
Jesus is contrasting what Mary is doing with what Martha is doing. It may be helpful to make this explicit. Alternate translation: "the only thing that is really necessary is to listen to my teaching" or "listening to my teaching is more necessary than preparing a meal" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
which will not be taken away from her
Possible meanings are 1) "and I will not take this opportunity away from her" or 2) "and she will not lose what she has gained as she was listening to me" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)