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368 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
368 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
# Jeremiah 44
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## Jeremiah 44:1
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### The word came to Jeremiah
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It is implied that the word that came to Jeremiah was from Yahweh. This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate translation: "This is the message that Yahweh gave to Jeremiah" or "This is the message that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
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### Migdol
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This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
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### Tahpanhes ... Memphis
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Translate the names of these cities as you did in [Jeremiah 2:16](../02/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
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### in Upper Egypt
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This refers to the southern region of Egypt. It is sometime called "Pathros."
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## Jeremiah 44:2
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### Yahweh of hosts ... says
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Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
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### You yourselves have seen
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The word "yourselves" is used for emphasis to specify the people of Judea who live in the land of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rpronouns]])
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### all the disasters that I brought on Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah
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Causing disasters is spoken of as if disasters were an object that can be put on something. Alternate translation: "all the disaster that I caused to happen to Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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### See
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"Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you."
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## Jeremiah 44:3
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### they did to offend me
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"the people of Jerusalem and all the cities of Judah did to offend me"
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### they themselves
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The word "themselves" is used for emphasis to specify the people of Jerusalem and the other cities of Judah. Alternate translation: "the people from the ruined cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rpronouns]])
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## Jeremiah 44:4
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### So I repeatedly sent
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The word "I" refers to Yahweh.
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## Jeremiah 44:5
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### or turn from their wickedness in burning incense to other gods
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To stop doing something is spoken of as if it were physically turning away from something. Alternate translation: "or to stop behaving wickedly by burning incense to other gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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## Jeremiah 44:6
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### my fury and my wrath were poured out
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Becoming angry and punishing people is spoken of as if fury and wrath were liquids there could be poured on people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I became very angry and punished them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
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### my fury and my wrath
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The words "fury" and "wrath" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his wrath. Alternate translation: "my terrible wrath" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]])
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### kindled a fire
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Yahweh becoming angry and punishing the people of Judah is spoken of as his fury and wrath were a fire. Alternate translation: "my fury and wrath were like a fire" or "my punishment was like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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### they became ruins and devastations
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The words "ruins" and "devastations" mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize the complete devastation of Judah and Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "they became completely devastated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]])
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### as at this present day
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This refers to the current time at which Yahweh was speaking this message.
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## Jeremiah 44:7
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### Why are you doing ... yourselves? Why are you causing ... and babies?
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Yahweh uses these questions to rebuke the people for doing things that cause him to punish them. Alternate translation: "You are doing ... yourselves. You are causing ... and babies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
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### Why are you doing great wickedness against yourselves?
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The abstract noun "wickedness" can be stated as "wicked." Alternate translation: "Why are you doing these wicked things that harm yourselves?" or "You are doing wicked things that cause terrible things to happen to you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
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### Why are you causing yourselves to be cut off from among Judah ... and babies?
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Being separated from the people of Judah is spoken of as if the people are cut off from Judah the way a person may cut off a branch from a vine or cut off a piece of cloth. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Why are you causing me to remove you from the people of Judah ... and babies?" or "You are causing me to remove you from the people of Judah ... and babies." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
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## Jeremiah 44:8
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### By your wickedness you have offended me with the deeds of your hands
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The abstract noun "wickedness" represents actions that are "wicked." Here "hand" represents the whole person. Alternate translation: "You have offended me with the wicked things you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
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### You have gone there so that ... so that
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"The result of going to Egypt is that ... and that"
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### you will be destroyed
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This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you will cause me to destroy you" or "you will destroy yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
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### you will be a curse and a reproach among all the nations of the earth
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Here "nations" represent the people. Alternate translation: "all the people of all the nations of the earth will curse you and hate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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## Jeremiah 44:9
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### Have you forgotten the wickedness committed by your ancestors and the wickedness committed by the kings of Judah and their wives?
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Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about the wicked behavior of their ancestors and how Yahweh punished them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Think about what happened to your ancestors and the kings of Judah and their wives when they did wicked things." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
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### Have you forgotten the evil committed by yourselves and your wives in the land of Judah and the streets of Jerusalem?
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Yahweh rebukes the people for not thinking about their own wicked behavior and how Yahweh punished them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Think about what happened to you and your wives when you did evil things in the land Judah and the streets of Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
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### the streets of Jerusalem
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Jerusalem is referred to by the part of the city where people walk. This means the people did evil things in public places. Alternate translation: "Jerusalem" or "the public places of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
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## Jeremiah 44:10
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### they still are not humbled
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"the people of Judah are still not humble." Yahweh is still speaking to the people of Judah, so this can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: "you are still not humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]])
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### nor do they walk in them
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Obeying the laws is spoken of as if it were walking in the laws. Alternate translation: "nor do they obey them" or "nor do you obey them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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## Jeremiah 44:11
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### Yahweh of hosts ... says this
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Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
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### I am about to set my face against you
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This idiom means he "firmly decided." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 21:10](../21/10.md). Alternate translation: "I have made up my mind to oppose you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
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### set my face against
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"stare angrily at"
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### to bring disaster to you
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Causing disaster to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that can be brought to someone. Alternate translation: "to cause disaster to happen to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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## Jeremiah 44:12
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### They will fall by sword and famine
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Here "fall" means to die. And "sword" represents the enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: "Enemies will kill some of them and others will die of hunger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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### From the least to the greatest
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This is a way to refer to people from every social status. Here "least" and "greatest" represent those who are least important and those who are most important. Alternate translation: "all the people from every social status" or "all the people, including the least important and the most important people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-merism]])
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### will become an object of swearing, cursing, reproaching, and a horrible thing
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"people will be horrified because of what happened to the people of Judah, and people will mock and curse them"
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## Jeremiah 44:13
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### I punished Jerusalem
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Here "Jerusalem" represents the people. Alternate translation: "I punished the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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### with the sword, with famine, and with the plague
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Here "sword" represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: "by causing enemies to kill some of them, others to starve to death, and others to die because of disease" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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## Jeremiah 44:14
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### none of them will return except a few who escaped from there
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This double negative emphasizes that the few people who escaped from there would be the only ones who will return. Alternate translation: "the only ones of them who will return are the few who escaped from there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublenegatives]])
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## Jeremiah 44:15
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### in the great assembly
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"in the large crowd"
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### Lower ... Egypt
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"Lower Egypt" refers to the northern region of Egypt.
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### Upper Egypt
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This refers to the southern region of Egypt. It is sometime called "Pathros."
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## Jeremiah 44:16
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### About the word that you have told us in Yahweh's name—we will not listen to you
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Here "in Yahweh's name" means "in Yahweh's authority" or "as Yahweh's representative." Alternate translation: "We will not obey this message that you say Yahweh told you to tell us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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## Jeremiah 44:17
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### queen of heaven
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This a title of a false goddess that the people of Judah worshiped. This goddess is also called "Asherah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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### the streets of Jerusalem
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Here "streets" represent the public places in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "in the public places of Jerusalem" or "in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
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### Then we will be filled with food and will prosper, without experiencing any disaster
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The people of Judah thought they would prosper because the queen of heaven would bless them if they worshiped her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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### Then we will be filled with food
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This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Then we will have plenty of food" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
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## Jeremiah 44:18
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### General Information:
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The remnant of the people living in Egypt continue to speak. Beginning in 44:19, the women address Jeremiah.
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### were dying by sword and famine
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Here "sword" represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: "enemy soldiers were killing some of us and some of us were dying of hunger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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## Jeremiah 44:19
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### was it against our husbands that we did these things ... to her?
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The women were claiming to be innocent because their husband approved of what they were doing. Alternate translation: "our husbands knew what we were doing ... to her." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
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### cakes in her image
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These were probably small cakes shaped like stars or the crescent moon.
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## Jeremiah 44:20
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### General Information:
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This page has intentionally been left blank.
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## Jeremiah 44:21
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### Did not Yahweh remember ... of the land?
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Jeremiah uses a question to scold the people. Alternate translation: "Yahweh certainly knew about ... of the land." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
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### For Yahweh calls this to mind; it comes to his thoughts
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Both of these phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that Yahweh knows that the people were worshiping false gods. Alternate translation: "Yes, Yahweh knows what you were doing, and he does not forget" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
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## Jeremiah 44:22
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### was no longer able to bear it
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"was no longer able to tolerate it"
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### because of the abominations that you did
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The abstract noun "abominations" can be stated as "things he hated." Alternate translation: "because you did things that he hated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
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### Then your land became a desolation, a horror, and a curse so there was no longer an inhabitant as at this present day
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This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "a desolation," "a horror," and "a curse." Alternate translation: "Then Yahweh caused it so that no one lives in the land. He made it a desolate and horrifying place. People use its name to curse others. And this is how it is even to this day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
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## Jeremiah 44:23
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### burned incense
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Why people burn incense can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "burned incense to false gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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### you would not listen to his voice
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Here "voice" refers to Yahweh's commands. Alternate translation: "you would not obey his commands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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## Jeremiah 44:24
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### all of Judah
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Here "Judah" represents the people. Alternate translation: "all the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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## Jeremiah 44:25
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### Yahweh of hosts ... says this
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Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 6:6](../06/06.md).
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### have said with your mouths and carried out with your hands what you said
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Here "mouths" and "hands" represent the whole person. Alternate translation: "have done what you promised to do when you said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
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### carry out the vows
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"fulfill the vows" or "complete the vows"
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### Now fulfill your vows; carry them out
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This is an ironic statement. Yahweh does not really want them to fulfill their vow to a false goddess. Yahweh knows they will not listen to him so he tells them to go ahead and do what they want. Alternate translation: "Very well! If that is what you want to do, then go fulfill your vows and do what you promised to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]])
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### Now
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The word "now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
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## Jeremiah 44:26
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### all of Judah
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Here "Judah" represents the people. Alternate translation: "all the people of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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### My name will no longer be called upon by the mouths of any of the men of Judah in all the land of Egypt
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Here "name" represents the whole being of Yahweh. And, "mouth" represents the whole person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "No person of Judah living in the land of Egypt will ever call upon me again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
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### As the Lord Yahweh lives
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"as surely as the Lord Yahweh is alive." The people use this expression to show that what they say next is certainly true. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you transited "As Yahweh lives" [Jeremiah 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate translation: "I solemnly swear" or "I solemnly swear by the Lord Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
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## Jeremiah 44:27
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### Every person of Judah in the land of Egypt will perish by sword and famine until they are all finished
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Here "Every person" is a generalization that means "very many people." Also, "sword" represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: "Nearly every person of Judah in the land of Egypt will die. Enemies will kill many of them and many of them will starve to death until there is very few of them left" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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## Jeremiah 44:28
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### Then the survivors of the sword
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Here "sword" represents enemies carrying weapons. Alternate translation: "Then those whom the enemies do not kill" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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## Jeremiah 44:29
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### I am setting against you
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This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "I am opposed to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
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### my words will certainly attack you with disaster
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Yahweh causing disaster on the people as he promised is spoken of as if his word would attack them. Alternate translation: "what I have said will happen and you will have a disaster" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
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## Jeremiah 44:30
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### Look
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"Listen" or "Pay attention"
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### I am about to give Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies and into the hand of those who seek to kill him
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Here "hand" represents power or control. Alternate translation: "I will allow the enemies who want to kill Pharaoh Hophra, the king of Egypt, to defeat him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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### Hophra
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This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
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### when I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, his enemy who sought his life
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Here "hand" represents power or control. And, Nebuchadnezzar represents his whole army. The phrase "sought his life" is an idiom that means to want to kill someone. Alternate translation: "when I allowed the army of Nebuchadnezzar to defeat Zedekiah king of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
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