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Isaiah 25
Isaiah 25:1
praise your name
Here "name" represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: "praise you" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
things planned long ago
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "things you planned long ago" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
in perfect faithfulness
The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." Alternate translation: "because you are perfectly faithful" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns)
Isaiah 25:2
the city
This is not referring to a certain city. It means cities in general. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-genericnoun)
a fortress of strangers
"a fortress belonging to foreigners"
Isaiah 25:3
a city of ruthless nations
Here "city" and "nations" represent the people who live there. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
Isaiah 25:4
you have been a place of safety ... a shelter ... a shelter from the storm ... a shade from the heat
Yahweh protecting his people is spoken of as if he were a place that the people could go to be safe and comforted. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
When the breath of the ruthless was like a storm against a wall
Ruthless people oppressing the people of God is spoken of as if they were a storm beating against a wall. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile)
When the breath
"When the wind" or "When the blast"
the ruthless
This is a nominal adjective. Alternate translation: "ruthless people" or "those who are ruthless" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj)
Isaiah 25:5
like heat in a dry land
This compares the enemies of God's people to the heat that dries up the land. This emphasizes how much the enemies cause the people of God to suffer. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile)
as the heat is subdued ... ruthless ones is answered
Yahweh stopping ruthless people from singing and boasting is compared to a cloud providing shade on a hot day. This emphasizes that Yahweh comforts his people by stopping those who cause them to suffer. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile)
as the heat is subdued by the shade of a cloud
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "just like when a cloud passes overhead and subdues the heat" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
the song of the ruthless ones is answered
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you will stop the ruthless people from singing" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
Isaiah 25:6
On this mountain
This refers to Jerusalem or Mount Zion.
Yahweh of hosts
See how you translated this in Isaiah 1:9.
a feast of fat things
Here "fat things" means the best food.
a feast on the lees
"the oldest wine." This means the best wine.
Isaiah 25:7
the covering over all peoples, the web woven over all the nations
Death, suffering, and sadness are spoken of as if they were a dark cloud or web that covers everyone on the earth. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism)
Isaiah 25:8
He will swallow up death forever
Yahweh causing people to live forever is spoken of as if he would swallow death. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
the disgrace of his people he will take away from all the earth
Yahweh causing the people to never be ashamed again is spoken of as if disgrace were an object that Yahweh would take away. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
Isaiah 25:9
It will be said
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "People will say" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
on that day
"at that time"
Isaiah 25:10
For on this mountain the hand of Yahweh will rest
The "hand" represents God's power. For Yahweh's hand to rest on "this mountain" means he will protect his people Alternate translation: "The power of Yahweh will be on this mountain" or "For on Mount Zion Yahweh will protect his people" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
Moab will be trampled down in his place, even as straw is trampled down in a pit filled with manure
Yahweh destroying the people of Moab is spoken of as if he would step on them and crush them. This is compared to how people trampled on straw to mix it with manure. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile)
Moab will be trampled down in his place
Here Moab represents the people of Moab. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will trample the people in the land of Moab" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
Isaiah 25:11
They will spread their hands ... his hands to swim
This simile emphasizes how badly Yahweh will humiliate the people of Moab. They will spread their hands in dung like a swimmer spreads his hands in water. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile)
They will spread their hands in the midst of it
"The people of Moab will push their hands through the dung"
as a swimmer spreads his hands to swim
"as if they were swimming"
will bring down their pride
Yahweh humiliating a proud person is spoken of as if pride were something high and Yahweh would cause it to be low. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
in spite of the skill of their hands
Here "hands" represents the power to do or make something. Alternate translation: "in spite of the great things they have built" or "in spite of the great things they have done" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
Isaiah 25:12
Your high fortress walls he will bring down to the ground, to the dust
This speaks of Yahweh causing armies to bring down the walls as if he himself were going to bring them down. Alternate translation: "He will send an army to bring your high fortress walls to the ground, to the dust" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
Your high fortress
Here "Your" refers to the people of Moab. It can be stated in third person to be consistent with the previous verse. Alternate translation: "Their high fortress" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person)