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Isaiah 16
Isaiah 16:1
General Information:
This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present. This verse is probably what God says the rulers of Moab will say to each other (Isaiah 15:1-2).
Send rams to the ruler of the land
The Moabites will send rams to the king of Judah so that he might protect them from the enemy army. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction)
Selah
This is the name of a city. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
the daughter of Zion
The "daughter" of a city means the people of the city. See how you translated this in Isaiah 1:8. Alternate translation: "the people of Zion" or "the people who live in Zion" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
Isaiah 16:2
As wandering birds, as a scattered nest, so the women of Moab are at the fords of the Arnon River
All the people of Moab, which includes the women, are forced to flee from their homes. Alternate translation: "Like birds without a home, the women of Moab will flee across the river to another land" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile)
As wandering birds, as a scattered nest
These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet)
Isaiah 16:3
General Information:
This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present. Verses 3 and 4 is probably the message that the Moabite rulers send to the king of Judah (Isaiah 15:1-2).
provide some shade like night in the middle of the day
The heat of the middle of the day represents the Moabites' suffering from their enemies, and shade represents protection from their enemies. Comparing the shade to night shows that they want strong protection. Alternate translation: "protect us completely from our enemies as a large shadow protects people from the hot sun" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile)
Isaiah 16:4
Let them live among you, the refugees from Moab
"Allow the refugees from Moab to live with you." Here "you" refers to the people of Judah.
be a hiding place for them from the destroyer
Providing a hiding place is spoken of as being a hiding place. Alternate translation: "give them a place to hide from those who are trying to destroy them" or "hide them from those who want to destroy them" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
Isaiah 16:5
A throne will be established in covenant faithfulness
Here "throne" refers to the power to rule as king. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will be faithful to the covenant and he will appoint a king" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
one from David's tent will faithfully sit there
Here "David's tent" represents David's family, including his descendants. Sitting on the throne represents ruling. Alternate translation: "a descendant of David will rule faithfully" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
as he seeks justice
Seeking justice represents wanting to do what is just. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
Isaiah 16:6
General Information:
This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present (Isaiah 15:1-2).
We have heard of Moab's pride, his arrogance, his boasting, and his anger
The words "Moab's" and "his" refer to the people of Moab. Alternate translation: "We have heard that the people of Moab are proud and arrogant, boastful and angry" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
We have heard
Possible meanings are that 1) Isaiah is speaking and "We" refers to him and the people of Judah, or 2) God is speaking and "We" refers to God.
But his boastings are empty words
"But what they say about themselves means nothing" or "But what they boast about is not true"
Isaiah 16:7
So Moab wails for Moab—they all wail
"Moab" represents the people of Moab. "So all the people of Moab will cry out loud over what has happened to their cities" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
for the raisin cakes of Kir Hareseth
"because there are no raisin cakes in Kir Hareseth"
raisin cakes
The Hebrew word used here means either "raisin cakes" or "men."
Kir Hareseth
"Kir Hareseth" is the name of a city. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Isaiah 16:8
General Information:
This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it happened in the past (Isaiah 15:1-2).
Heshbon
Translate the name of this city as you did in Isaiah 15:4.
Sibmah ... Jazer
These are names of cities. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
The rulers of the nations have trampled the choice vines
The land of Moab was known for its vineyards. Here God describes the land of Moab as one large vineyard. This emphasizes that the rulers, which refers to the armies, completely destroyed everything in Moab. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
Isaiah 16:9
General Information:
This continues to describe the land of Moab as one large vineyard (Isaiah 16:8). God describes events that will happen in the future as if they are happening in the present.
Indeed I will weep
In 16:9-10 the word "I" refers to Yahweh.
I will water you with my tears
God speaks of his deep sorrow for these places as if he would cry much and his many tears would fall on them. Alternate translation: "I will cry much for you" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
Jazer ... Sibmah
Translate the names of these cities as you did in Isaiah 16:8.
Heshbon ... Elealeh
Translate the names of these cities as you did in Isaiah 15:4.
For on your fields of summer fruits and harvest I have ended the shouts of joy
The "shouts of joy" represent people shouting for joy about the harvest of their fruit trees. Alternate translation: "Because of what I will do, you will no longer shout for joy when you harvest your fields of summer fruit" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
Isaiah 16:10
I have put an end to the shouts of the one who treads
Here "the shouts" refers to the joy of the people who tread the grapes to produce the wine. Alternate translation: "therefore the people who tread the grapes do not shout with joy" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
Isaiah 16:11
General Information:
This continues the prophecy about the people of Moab. God describes events that will happen in the future as if it is happening in the present (Isaiah 15:1-2).
So my heart sighs like a harp for Moab
The phrase "my heart" represents Yahweh and his sad feelings. He compares his sigh to the sound of a sad song played on a harp. Alternate translation: "So I sigh like a sad song on a harp" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile)
Moab
This refer to the people of Moab. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
my inward being for Kir Hareseth
The phrase "my inward being" represents Yahweh. The word "sighs" is understood from the previous phrase. See how you translated Kir Hareseth in Isaiah 16:7. Alternate translation: "my inward being sighs for Kir Hareseth" or "I am very sad for the people of Kir Hareseth" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis)
Kir Hareseth
This is a metonym for the people of the city. Alternate translation: "the people of Kir Hareseth" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
Isaiah 16:12
Moab ... himself ... his
All of these words refer to the people of Moab. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
his prayers will accomplish nothing
"his prayers will not be answered"
Isaiah 16:13
This is the word
"This is the message." This refers to all he said in 15:1-16:12.
concerning Moab
The word "Moab" refers to the people of Moab. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
Isaiah 16:14
the glory of Moab will disappear
"The country of Moab will no longer be glorious"