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Exodus 1
Exodus 1:1
household
This refers to all the people who live in a house together, usually a large family with servants. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
Exodus 1:2
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Exodus 1:3
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Exodus 1:4
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Exodus 1:5
seventy in number
"70 in number" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers)
Joseph was already in Egypt
"Joseph lived in Egypt before his brothers"
Exodus 1:6
all his brothers
This includes 10 older brothers and 1 younger brother.
Exodus 1:7
were fruitful
The birth of children to the Israelites is spoken of as if they were plants that were producing fruit. Alternate translation: "had many children" or "gave birth to many children" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
the land was filled with them
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They filled the land" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
with them
The word "them" refers to the Israelites.
Exodus 1:8
arose over Egypt
Here "Egypt" refers to the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: "began to rule over the people of Egypt" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
Exodus 1:9
He said to his people
"The king said to his people"
his people
These were the people who lived in Egypt, the Egyptians.
Exodus 1:10
let us
The word "us" is inclusive and refers to the king and his people, the Egyptians. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-exclusive)
war breaks out
Here war is spoken of as a person that is able to act. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification)
leave the land
"leave Egypt"
Exodus 1:11
taskmasters
Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work
to oppress them with hard labor
"to force the Israelites to do hard work for the Egyptians"
store cities
These were places where the leaders put food and other important things to keep them safe.
Exodus 1:12
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Exodus 1:13
made ... work rigorously
"made ... work very hard" or "harshly made ... work"
Exodus 1:14
made their lives bitter
The difficult lives of the Israelites are spoken of as if they were bitter food that was difficult to eat. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
mortar
This was a wet glue or mud put between bricks or stones that held them together when it dried.
All their required work was hard
"The Egyptians made them work very hard" or "The Egyptians forced them to work very hard"
Exodus 1:15
king of Egypt
The king of Egypt is called Pharaoh.
midwives
These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby.
Shiphrah ... Puah
These are Hebrew women's names. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Exodus 1:16
on the birthstool
Women sat on this short stool as they gave birth. Therefore, it is associated with birth. Alternate translation: "as they give birth" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
Exodus 1:17
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Exodus 1:18
midwives
These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated this in Exodus 1:16.
Why have you done this, and let the baby boys live?
Pharaoh asked this question to rebuke the midwives for allowing the male children to live. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You have disobeyed my order by not killing the male babies!" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion)
Exodus 1:19
The Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women
The midwives answered wisely to appease Pharaoh's anger.
Exodus 1:20
God protected these midwives
God kept Pharaoh from killing these midwives.
midwives
These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated this in Exodus 1:16.
The people increased in numbers
"The Israelites increased in numbers"
Exodus 1:21
feared God
"revered God" or "had reverence for God"
he gave them families
"the enabled them to have children"
Exodus 1:22
You must throw every son ... into the river
This order was given in order to drown the male children. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. Alternate translation: "You must ... into the river so they will drown" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)