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Esther 3
Esther 3:1
After these things
This introduces a new event in the story. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-newevent)
Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite
This is the name and description of Haman, one of the king's officials. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
placed his seat of authority above all the officials who were with him
Here "seat of authority" represents his position or status in the government. Alternate translation: "promoted him above the other officials" or "gave him more authority than all the other officials" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
Esther 3:2
kneeling ... bowing
These acts represent submission to the authority of Haman. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction)
bowing down to Haman
"humbling themselves and lying flat on the ground before Haman"
Esther 3:3
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Esther 3:4
to see if the matter about Mordecai would remain like that
"to find out what Haman would do about Mordecai's actions"
Esther 3:5
did not kneel and bow down
Mordecai showed disrespect for Haman's status in the government by not doing these actions. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction)
Haman was filled with rage
Here Haman's rage is spoken of as something that could fill him up. Alternate translation: "Haman became very angry" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
Esther 3:6
He had contempt for the idea of killing only Mordecai
"He rejected the idea of killing just Mordecai." This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "He decided to kill more than just Mordecai"
exterminate all the Jews
"get rid of all the Jews" or "kill all the Jews"
Esther 3:7
In the first month
"In month one" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal)
which is the month of Nisan
"Nisan" is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths and rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
in the twelfth year of King Ahasuerus
"in year number 12 of King Ahasuerus" or "when King Ahasuerus had reigned for about twelve years" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal)
the Pur—that is the lot—was thrown
"they cast the Pur—that is the lot—" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
the twelfth month
"month twelve" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal)
the month of Adar
"Adar" is the name of the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of February and the first part of March on Western calendars. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths and rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Esther 3:8
a certain people
"a group of people" This refers to the Jews as an ethnic group.
scattered and distributed
"who live in many different places"
provinces
A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in Esther 1:1.
the king's ... the king
Haman speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. Alternate translation: "your ... you" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person)
it is not suitable for the king to let them stay
"the king should not let them remain." This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "the king should remove them"
Esther 3:9
I will weigh out ... into the hands of those
Here "hands" stands for the men. To "weigh out" is an idiom that means to pay them. Alternate translation: "I will pay ... to the men" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
ten thousand talents of silver
"330 metric tons of silver" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bmoney and rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers)
Esther 3:10
signet ring
a special ring that could be used to imprint the king's official seal on a proclamation
Esther 3:11
I will see that the money is given back to you
The meaning of this phrase is not clear. Possible meanings are 1) "I will return the money to you" or 2) "Take the money and give it to the men just as you have said." (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
Esther 3:12
the king's scribes were summoned ... a decree containing all that Haman had commanded was written
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the king summoned his scribes ... they wrote a decree containing all that Haman had commanded" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
thirteenth day of the first month
This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The thirteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths and rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal)
king's provincial governors
"governors of the provinces." Translate "province" as in Esther 1:1.
It was written in the name of King Ahasuerus and was sealed with his ring
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They wrote the decree in the name of King Ahasuerus and Haman sealed it with the king's signet ring" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
in the name of
Here "name" represents the authority of the king. Alternate translation: "in the authority of" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
Esther 3:13
Documents were delivered by the hand of couriers
This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "Couriers hand-delivered the documents" or "Courtiers gave the documents directly" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
annihilate, kill, and destroy
These words mean the same thing and emphasize the completeness of the destruction. Alternate translation: "completely destroy" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet)
thirteenth day of the twelfth month
"day thirteen of month twelve" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-ordinal)
which is the month of Adar
"Adar" is the name of the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. The thirteenth day is near the beginning of March on Western calendars. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-hebrewmonths and rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
plunder
steal by force
Esther 3:14
A copy of the letter was made law in every province
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The officials in every province made a copy of the letter become the law" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
province
A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in Esther 1:1.
In every province it was made known to all the people
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They told all the people in every province" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
this day
"that day"
Esther 3:15
The decree was also distributed
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They also distributed the decree" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
the fortress
This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city. See how you translated this in Esther 1:2.
Susa
See how you translated the name of this place in Esther 1:2. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
was in turmoil
"was in a state of great confusion"