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Daniel 1
Daniel 1:1
Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia
This refers to Nebuchadnezzar and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: "Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche)
to cut off all supplies to it
"to stop the people from receiving any supplies"
Jehoiakim king of Judah
This refers to Jehoiakim and his soldiers, not only to Jehoiakim. Alternate translation: "the army of Jehoiakim king of Judah" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche)
Daniel 1:2
gave Nebuchadnezzar
This refers to Nebuchadnezzar and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: "gave Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche)
he gave him
Jehoiakim gave Nebuchadnezzar
He brought ... he placed
Although Nebuchadnezzar did not do these things alone, it may easier for the reader to retain the singular pronouns. Alternate translation: "They brought ... they placed" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche)
He brought them
Here "them" probably refers to Jehoiakim and other prisoners, as well as the sacred objects.
in his god's treasury
This was an act of devotion to his god.
Daniel 1:3
The king spoke
This refers to Nebuchadnezzar.
Ashpenaz
This is the chief official. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Daniel 1:4
without blemish
These two negative words together emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: "with perfect appearance" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-litotes)
filled with knowledge and understanding
This is an idiom. This means they knew much and could organize and use that information. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
king's palace
This is the large house or building where the king lives.
He was to teach them
"Ashpenaz was to teach them"
Daniel 1:5
The king counted out for them
The king's officials did this task for him. Alternate translation: "The king's officials counted out for them" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
his delicacies
the special, rare, good foods that the king ate
These young men were to be trained
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Ashpenaz was to train these young men" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
trained
"taught skills"
Daniel 1:6
Among these
"Among the young men from Israel"
Daniel 1:7
The chief official
This refers to Ashpenaz who was King Nebuchadnezzar's highest official.
Belteshazzar ... Shadrach ... Meshach ... Abednego
These are all men's names. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Daniel 1:8
Daniel intended in his mind
Here "mind" refers to Daniel himself. Alternate translation: "Daniel decided to himself" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche)
pollute himself
To "pollute" something is to make is unclean. Some of the food and drink of the Babylonians would make Daniel ceremonially unclean according to God's law. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "make himself unclean according to God's law" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
delicacies
This refers to the special, rare, good foods that the king ate. See how you translated this in Daniel 1:3.
Daniel 1:9
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Daniel 1:10
Why should he see you looking worse than the other young men of your own age?
The official uses this question to explain what he thought would happen. It can be a statement. Alternate translation: "He does not want to see you looking worse than the other young men of your own age." (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion)
The king might have my head
This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "The king might cut off my head" or "The king might kill me" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
Daniel 1:11
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Daniel 1:12
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Daniel 1:13
compare our appearance with the appearance
Daniel asked the steward to see if he and his friends looked worse than the other young men. Alternate translation: "compare our appearance to see if it is worse than the appearance"
Daniel 1:14
tested them
tested Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah
Daniel 1:15
their appearance ... they were
The pronouns refer to Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah.
nourished
This means to have been made healthy from what you have eaten.
Daniel 1:16
their delicacies ... their wine ... gave them
All of these pronouns refer to Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah.
Daniel 1:17
God gave them knowledge and insight
This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns "knowledge" and "insight" can be expressed as the verbs "learn" and "understand." Alternate translation: "God gave them the ability to learn and understand clearly" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns)
in all literature and wisdom
Here "all" is a generalization to show that they had a very good education and understanding. Alternate translation: "in many things that the Babylonians had written and studied" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole)
Daniel 1:18
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Daniel 1:19
The king spoke with them
The king spoke with the "four young men" (Daniel 1:17).
among the whole group there were none to compare with Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah
This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah pleased him much more than anyone else in the whole group" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-litotes)
Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah
These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in Daniel 1:6.
Daniel 1:20
ten times better
Here "ten times" is an exaggeration representing great quality. Alternate translation: "much better" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole)
Daniel 1:21
the first year of King Cyrus
"the first year that King Cyrus ruled Babylon"