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2 Samuel 13
2 Samuel 13:1
It came about after this
"It happened after this." This phrase is used to introduce a new event to the story line. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-newevent)
half-sister
Amnon and Tamar shared the same father but not the same mother.
full sister
Absalom and Tamar shared the same father and mother.
2 Samuel 13:2
Amnon was so frustrated that he became sick because of his sister Tamar
Amnon was frustrated because he desired to sleep with his sister Tamar. Alternate translation: "Amnon was so frustrated with desire for his sister Tamar that he felt sick" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
2 Samuel 13:3
Jonadab son of Shimeah, David's brother
These are the names of men. Shimeah was David's brother. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
shrewd
crafty or deceptive
2 Samuel 13:4
depressed
in an emotional state of extreme unhappiness
Will you not tell me?
It is understood that he is asking him about his depression, which can be stated clearly. Also, this rhetorical question is a request for Jehonadab to tell him why he is depressed. It may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "Will you not tell me why you are depressed?" or "Please, tell me why you are depressed." (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion)
2 Samuel 13:5
Jonadab
See how you translated this man's name in 2 Samuel 13:3.
eat it from her hand
This is probably a request for her to serve food to him personally. He probably did not want her to put the food in his mouth. Alternate translation: "have her serve it to me herself" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
2 Samuel 13:6
I may eat from her hand
This is probably a request for her to serve food to him personally. He probably did not expect her to put the food in his mouth. Alternate translation: "she may serve it to me to eat" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
pretended to be sick
This means he gave a false appearance of being ill.
for my sickness in front of me
The food is not for his sickness, but rather it is for him, because he is sick. The phrase "in front of me" is a request for Tamar to prepare the food in his presence. Alternate translation: "in front of me because I am sick" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
2 Samuel 13:7
David sent word
This means that he sent a messenger to speak to Tamar. Alternate translation: "David sent a messenger" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
2 Samuel 13:8
dough
a thick mixture of flour and liquid used for baking
kneaded
used her hands to mix the dough
in his sight
This means that Tamar made the bread in front of him. Alternate translation: "in front of him" or "in his presence" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
2 Samuel 13:9
So everyone went out from him
To "go out from someone" means to leave them. Alternate translation: "So everyone left him" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
2 Samuel 13:10
that I may eat from your hand
This is a request for Tamar to serve the food to him personally. Alternate translation: "and serve it to me" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
2 Samuel 13:11
lie with me
This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: "have sexual relations with me" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism)
2 Samuel 13:12
do not force me
She does not want him to force her to have sexual relations with him. Alternate translation: "do not force me to have sexual relations with you" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
appalling
very shameful
2 Samuel 13:13
General Information:
Tamar continues to talk to Amnon.
How could I be rid of my shame?
Tamar asks this rhetorical question to emphasize how much shame she would have if she slept with him. Tamar speaks of getting rid of her shame as if it were an enemy or a tormentor that she needed to escape from. Alternate translation: "If you do this, I would have to endure shame everywhere I go" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
2 Samuel 13:14
he lay with her
This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: "he had sexual relations with her" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism)
2 Samuel 13:15
General Information:
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2 Samuel 13:16
Because this great evil of making me leave is even worse
The abstract noun "this great evil" can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: "It would be very evil to make me leave! It would be even worse" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns)
2 Samuel 13:17
bolt the door after her
This means to lock the door so that she will not be able to come back in again. Alternate translation: "lock the door so that she cannot come back in" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
2 Samuel 13:18
bolted the door after her
This means to lock the door so that she will not be able to come back in again. Alternate translation: "locked the door so that she could not go back in" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
2 Samuel 13:19
put ashes on her head and tore her robe. She put her hands on her head
These are acts of mourning and grief in the Israelite culture. Alternate translation: "put ashes on her head and tore her robe to show that she was very sad. Then to show her grief, she put her hands on her head" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction)
2 Samuel 13:20
Has Amnon your brother been with you?
This is a polite way to ask is Amnon has had sexual relations with her. Alternate translation: "Has Amnon your brother slept with you?" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism)
keep quiet
This means to not tell anyone about something. Alternate translation: "do not tell anyone about this" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
Do not take this thing to heart
The phrase "take something to heart" means "to worry about it." Alternate translation: "Do not worry about what has happened" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
So Tamar remained alone
This means that she did not marry.
2 Samuel 13:21
General Information:
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2 Samuel 13:22
said nothing
"did not speak"
2 Samuel 13:23
It came about after two full years
This explains that two whole years has passed and introduces the next event in the story line. The phrase "full years" means that they are complete years. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-newevent)
shearers
These are people who cut the wool from sheep.
Baal Hazor
This is the name of a place. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
2 Samuel 13:24
Look now
This is a phrase used to draw someone's attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: "Listen"
your servant
Absalom is calling himself "your servant" to show respect.
has sheep shearers
It was customary for people in Israel to have a party after they had sheared their sheep.
may the king
Although he is talking to his father the king, he calls him "the king" instead of "you" to show respect for him.
2 Samuel 13:25
General Information:
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2 Samuel 13:26
please let my brother Amnon go with us
The oldest son could often represent his father in Israelite culture. Amnon was David's oldest son.
Why should Amnon go with you?
David knew that Amnon was not Absalom's friend.
2 Samuel 13:27
Absalom pressed David
Here the author speaks of Absalom urging David to let Amnon come as if he were putting physical pressure on him. Alternate translation: "Absalom begged David for Amnon to come" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
all the king's sons
This does not include Absalom and Amnon who is dead. It includes the rest of the sons that the king allowed to go to the celebration. Alternate translation: "the rest of the king's sons" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche)
2 Samuel 13:28
Do not be afraid
This implies that they do not need to be afraid of the consequences for killing Amnon. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "Do not be afraid that you will be blamed for killing the king's son" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
Have I not commanded you?
Absalom asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that he will be blamed for killing Amnon because he is commanding them. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "I have commanded you to do this." or "I will be the one guilty for killing him because I have commanded you to do this." (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion and rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
not commanded you
What Absalom has commanded them to do may be stated in the question. Alternate translation: "not commanded you to kill him" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis)
2 Samuel 13:29
every man
This refers to the king's sons who left the celebration.
2 Samuel 13:30
So it came about
"It happened that." This phrase is used here to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-newevent)
on the road
"travelling along the road"
that the news came to David saying
Here it says that the news came, when really someone came and told David the news. Alternate translation: "that someone came and reported the news to David saying" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
2 Samuel 13:31
Then the king arose
"Then the king stood up"
tore his clothes, and lay on the floor
He did these things to show that he was extremely sad. Alternate translation: "tore his clothes, and threw himself on the floor grieving" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction)
with their clothes torn
They did this to show their sadness and to mourn with their king. Alternate translation: "and tore their clothes, mourning with the king" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction)
2 Samuel 13:32
Jonadab ... Shimeah
See how you translated these men's names in 2 Samuel 13:3.
Let not my master believe
"My master, do not believe"
my master
Jonadab calls David "my master" to show respect.
Amnon violated his sister
This is a polite way of saying that Amnon raped his sister. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism)
2 Samuel 13:33
let not my master the king
"my master the king, do not"
take this report to heart
The phrase "take something to heart" means "to worry about it." Alternate translation: "worry about this report" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
2 Samuel 13:34
keeping watch
This means that the servant was watching for enemies while guarding at the city wall. Alternate translation: "who was guarding" or "who was guarding at the city wall" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
raised his eyes
Here the servant looking up at something is spoken of as if he lifted up his eyes. Alternate translation: "looked up" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
2 Samuel 13:35
General Information:
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2 Samuel 13:36
So it came about
This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-newevent)
raised their voices
Here the sons crying out is spoken of as if their voices were something they lifted into the sky. Alternate translation: "cried out" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
2 Samuel 13:37
Talmai ... Ammihud
These are the names of men. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
for his son
"for his son Amnon"
2 Samuel 13:38
where he was for three years
"where he stayed for three years"
2 Samuel 13:39
The mind of King David longed
Here David is referred to by his mind to emphasize his thoughts. Alternate translation: "King David longed" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche)
for he was comforted concerning Amnon and his death
"because he was no longer grieving about Amnon being dead." This refers to three years after Absalom fled to Geshur.