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2 Chronicles 21
2 Chronicles 21:1
slept with his ancestors
Jehoshaphat dying is spoken of as if he had fallen asleep. Alternate translation: "died" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism)
city of David
This is the city of Jerusalem. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
2 Chronicles 21:2
Azariah, Jehiel, Zechariah, Azariahu, Michael, and Shephatiah
These are names of men. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
Jehoshaphat, king of Israel
The southern kingdom was technically called "Judah," but the writer of this book apparently wanted to make the point that the southern kingdom was, in its obedience to God, the true Israel.
2 Chronicles 21:3
large gifts
"gifts of large amounts"
he gave the kingdom to Jehoram
The kingdom is spoken of as if it were a physical object that Jehoshaphat gave to Jehoram. Alternate translation: "he made Jehoram king" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
2 Chronicles 21:4
risen up over his father's kingdom
To "rise up over" something is an idiom that means to control it. Alternate translation: "taken complete control over his father's kingdom" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
he killed all his brothers with the sword
Jehoram probably did not kill them personally, but had other people do it for him. Alternate translation: "he caused all of his younger brothers to be killed" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
2 Chronicles 21:5
General Information:
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2 Chronicles 21:6
walked in the ways
This is an idiom that means he followed their example. See how you translated this in 2 Chronicles 20:32. Alternate translation: "followed the example" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
the house of Ahab was doing
The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the descendants of Ahab. Alternate translation: "the descendants of Ahab were doing" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
he had Ahab's daughter as his wife
"he had married a daughter of Ahab"
in the sight of Yahweh
The sight of Yahweh represents his judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: "as Yahweh judged" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
2 Chronicles 21:7
the house of David
The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah. See how you translated this in 2 Chronicles 10:19. Alternate translation: "the kingdom of Judah" or "the people of Judah" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
he had promised that he would always give life to him and his descendants
"he had promised that David's descendants would always be the ones who ruled Judah." This was the covenant that Yahweh made with David.
always give life to him and his descendants
"always cause him and his descendants to live" or "never destroy him and his descendants"
2 Chronicles 21:8
In Jehoram's days
"While Jehoram was king"
from the control of Judah
"against Judah's control"
set a king over themselves
The word "set" is a metonym for choosing, and the words "over themselves" is a metonym for "to rule them." Alternate translation: "chose a king to rule over them" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rpronouns)
2 Chronicles 21:9
crossed over
"crossed the border into Edom" or "went to Edom"
It was night when he rose up ... surrounded him and his chariot commanders
It may be helpful to reorder this sentence and to add implicit information. Alternate translation: "The Edomites surrounded him and his chariot commanders, but Jehoram and his army fought against them and escaped during the night" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
2 Chronicles 21:10
to this present day
This refers to the time when the book of 2 Chronicles was written. See how you translated this in 2 Chronicles 5:9.
Libnah
This was a town in Judah. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
2 Chronicles 21:11
Jehoram had also built high places
Other people helped Jehoram build these high places all over the mountains of Judah. Alternate translation: "Jehoram and the people had also built high places" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche)
he made the inhabitants of Jerusalem to live like prostitutes
Jehoram caused the people to serve idols instead of Yahweh. People who serve other gods in order to receive something from them are spoken of as spiritual prostitutes. Alternate translation: "he caused the people of Jerusalem to leave Yahweh and serve other gods, as prostitutes serve men who are not their husbands" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
he led Judah astray
Not following Yahweh is spoken of as not following the correct path. Alternate translation: "he caused Judah to no longer follow Yahweh" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
2 Chronicles 21:12
A letter from the prophet Elijah came to Jehoram
"Jehoram received a letter from the prophet Elijah" or "The prophet Elijah sent a letter to Jehoram"
walked in the ways
This is an idiom that means he followed their example. See how you translated this in 2 Chronicles 20:32. Alternate translation: "followed the example" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
2 Chronicles 21:13
act like a prostitute
Jehoram caused the people to serve idols instead of Yahweh. People who serve other gods in order to receive something from them are spoken of as spiritual prostitutes. See how you translated a similar phrase in 2 Chronicles 21:11. Alternate translation: "leave Yahweh and serve other gods, as a prostitute serves men who are not her husband" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
the house of Ahab
The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the descendants of Ahab. See how you translated this in 2 Chronicles 21:6. Alternate translation: "the descendants of Ahab" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
2 Chronicles 21:14
see
This tells Jehoram to pay attention to the message that follows.
strike your people ... your possessions with a heavy blow
"cause horrible things to happen to your people ... your possessions"
2 Chronicles 21:15
You yourself
The use of the reflexive "yourself" emphasizes that this is a personal judgment on Jehoram. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rpronouns)
until the disease causes your intestines to come out
Possible meanings are 1) his intestines will literally fall out or 2) this is a metaphor that describes intestinal problems that will result in his death. Alternate translation: "until this disease causes your death" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
2 Chronicles 21:16
stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and of the Arabians
Stirring the spirit is a metonym for making someone want to act. Here "spirit" is singular and refers to the Philistines as a group and to the Arabians as a group. Alternate translation: "provoked against Jehoram the Philistines and the Arabians" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
against Jehoram
Here Jehoram refers to Jehoram and the people of Judah that he ruled. Alternate translation: "against Jehoram and the people of Judah" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche)
the spirit of the Philistines and of the Arabians who were near the Cushites
The Philistines and the Arabians were two different nations. The Arabians lived southeast of Judah near the Cushites, and the Philistines lived west of Judah. These nations were stirred up separately. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "the spirit of the Philistines and the spirit of the Arabians who were near the Cushites" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
2 Chronicles 21:17
No son was left to him except Jehoahaz, his youngest son
"They took away all of his sons except Jehoahaz, his youngest son" or "The only son they left to him was Jehoahaz, his youngest son"
Jehoahaz, his youngest son
This same son is called "Ahaziah" in 2 Chronicles 22:1.
2 Chronicles 21:18
Yahweh struck him in his intestines with an incurable disease
Here "struck" is an idiom that means Yahweh caused him to be sick. Alternate translation: "Yahweh caused him to suffer from an incurable disease in his intestines" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
2 Chronicles 21:19
It came about
This phrase marks an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
in due time
This is an idiom that refers to a set or appointed time. Alternate translation: "in the proper time" or "when the time was right" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
made no fire in his honor as they had done for his ancestors
The custom of the Israelites was to make a bonfire to honor the king who had died. They did not do this for Jehoram to express their contempt for him. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "did not make a bonfire to honor him as they normally did to honor kings when they died" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
2 Chronicles 21:20
when he departed no one mourned him
"no one was sad that he died"