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1 Chronicles 19
1 Chronicles 19:1
It came about
This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
Nahash
This is the name of a man. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
1 Chronicles 19:2
Nahash ... Hanun
These are names of men. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
I will show kindness ... showed kindness
The abstract noun "kindness" can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: "I will be kind ... was kind" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns)
console
comfort
1 Chronicles 19:3
Do you think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you?
The princes asked this question to turn the king against David. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You should not think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you." (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion)
Do not his servants come to you to explore and examine the land in order to overthrow it?
The princes asked this question to turn the king against David. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Surely his servants come to you to explore the land in order to overthrow it." (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion)
1 Chronicles 19:4
So Hanun seized
Hanun did not do this personally, but ordered his men to do it. Alternate translation: "So Hanun's men seized" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
1 Chronicles 19:5
he sent to meet with them
"David sent some messengers to encourage them"
deeply ashamed
In this idiom, shame is described as deep to show that it has greatly affected them. Alternate translation: "very ashamed" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
The king
This refers to David.
then return
"then return to Jerusalem"
1 Chronicles 19:6
saw that they had become a stench to David
The word "stench" refers to a bad smell. This describes the Ammonites as something unpleasant and unwanted. Alternate translation: "realized that they had become repulsive to David" or "realized that they had angered David" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
a thousand talents
"1,000 talents" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers)
talents
approximately 33 kilograms (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-bmoney)
Naharaim ... Maacah ... Zobah
These are names of cities. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
1 Chronicles 19:7
thirty-two thousand chariots
"32,000 talents" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers)
Maacah ... Medeba
These are names of cities. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
thirty-two thousand chariots
It is not clear if the Ammonites paid the entire thousand talents to the king of Maacah, or if they paid him only a portion of that amount and gave the rest to the other cities that sent additional chariots and horsemen.
1 Chronicles 19:8
heard of it
"heard that the Ammonites were coming out for war"
to meet them
"to fight against them"
1 Chronicles 19:9
at the city gate
this refers to the gate of the Ammonite capital city
the kings who had come
this refers to the Aramean kings that the Ammonites hired to help them fight Israel
by themselves in the field
in the field outside the city, separate from the Ammonites
1 Chronicles 19:10
the battle lines
"the enemy soldiers lined up for battle"
1 Chronicles 19:11
put them into battle lines
"arranged his soldiers in lines for battle"
Abishai
This is the name of Joab's brother. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
1 Chronicles 19:12
General Information:
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1 Chronicles 19:13
Be strong ... show ourselves to be strong
"Be brave ... behave bravely"
for our people and for the cities of our God
"for the sake of our people and for the cities of our God" or "to protect our people and the cities of our God"
what is good in his eyes
Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: "what he considers to be good" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor)
1 Chronicles 19:14
advanced to the battle
"moved forward to the battle" or "approached the enemy soldiers in the battle"
1 Chronicles 19:15
Then Joab returned ... and went back to Jerusalem
It does not appear that Joab and his soldiers continued to attack the Ammonites in their city. When the Ammonites went into their city, the battle ended and the Israelites returned home.
1 Chronicles 19:16
General Information:
Verses 16-19 describes a second battle when the Arameans who fled from Joab in 1 Chronicles 19:15 were reinforced by other Arameans and attacked Israel again.
the Arameans saw
What the Arameans understood is spoken of as what they saw. Alternate translation: "the Arameans understood" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy)
sent for reinforcements
"requested more soliders"
Shophak ... Hadadezer
These are names of men. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names)
1 Chronicles 19:17
Connecting Statement:
This verse continues to describe a second battle when the Arameans who fled from Joab in 1 Chronicles 19:15 were reinforced by other Arameans and attacked Israel again.
When David was told this
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: When David's messengers told him that a larger Aramean army was coming" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
he gathered ... He arranged
David did not do these things alone. His official and officers helped him. Alternate translation: "David and his officials gathered ... David and his officers arranged" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche)
all Israel
This is a generalization. Not every person in Israel came to fight. Alternate translation: "a very large number of Israelites" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole)
He arranged
"He organized"
they fought him
Here "him" refers to David's soldiers, in addition to David. Alternate translation: "the Arameans fought David and his soldiers" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche)
1 Chronicles 19:18
Connecting Statement:
This verse continues to describe a second battle when the Arameans who fled from Joab in 1 Chronicles 19:15 were reinforced by other Arameans and attacked Israel again.
killed seven thousand ... forty thousand
" killed 7,000 ... 40,000" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers)
1 Chronicles 19:19
Connecting Statement:
This verse finishes describing a second battle when the Arameans who fled from Joab in 1 Chronicles 19:15 were reinforced by other Arameans and attacked Israel again.
they were defeated by Israel
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Israel had defeated them" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive)
they made peace with David and served them
They made the peace agreement with David as the king, and served the Israelites.