praise your name

Here "name" represents Yahweh. AT: "praise you" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)

things planned long ago

This can be stated in active form. AT: "things you planned long ago" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive)

The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." AT: "because you are perfectly faithful" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)

This is not referring to a certain city. It means cities in general. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun)

"a fortress belonging to foreigners"

Here "city" and "nations" represent the people who live there. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)