en_tn/isa/23/11.md

Yahweh has reached out with his hand over the sea, and he has shaken the kingdoms

Yahweh using his power to control the sea and the people of mighty kingdoms is spoken of as if Yahweh reached out his hand and shook kingdoms. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)

has reached out with his hand over the sea

Here "hand" refers to God's power and control. Alternate translation: "has shown his power over the sea" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)