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The hearts of the men of Israel are following after
Here the men are referred to by their "hearts" to emphasize their loyalty to Absalom. AT: "The men of Israel are loyal to" or "The men of Israel are following after" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche)
escape from Absalom ... he will quickly ... and he will bring
Here David speaks of Absalom and the men with him as "Absalom" himself because the men are following Absalom's authority. AT: "escape from Absalom and his men ... he and his men will quickly ... and they will bring" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche)
attack the city with the edge of the sword
The "city" is a metonym referring to the people in the city. The "edge of the sword" is a synecdoche referring to the Israelites' swords and emphasize that they killed the people in battle. AT: "will attack the people of our city and kill them with their swords" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche)
bring down disaster
This means to cause disaster to happen. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom)