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may all those who take refuge in you rejoice
God is spoken of as if he were a refuge, a place where people can be protected. AT: "May all those who go to you for protection rejoice" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
those who take refuge in you rejoice ... shout for joy because you defend them
These two clauses express similar thoughts. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism)
take refuge in you
Going to Yahweh for protection is spoken of as taking refuge in him. AT: "go to you for protection" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
those who love your name
God's name represents him. At: "those who love you" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
you will surround them with favor as with a shield
God's favor is spoken of as if it were a shield. AT: "you will favor them and protect them as a soldier protects himself with his shield" or "because you are kind to them, you will protect them (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile)