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My son will not go down with you
It was common to use the phrase "go down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. Alternate translation: "My son, Benjamin, will not go with you to Egypt"
with you
Here "you" is plural and refers to Jacob's older sons. (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you)
For his brother is dead and he alone is left
The full meaning can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "For my wife, Rachel, only had two children. Joseph is dead and Benjamin is the only one left" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit)
on the road in which you go
"while you a traveling to Egypt and back" or "while you are away." Here "road" stands for traveling.
then you will bring down my gray hair with sorrow to Sheol
To "bring down ... to Sheol" is way of saying they will cause him to die and go to Sheol. He uses the word "down" because it was commonly believed sheol is somewhere underground. Alternate translation: "then you will cause me, an old man, to die of sorrow" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom)
my gray hair
This stands for Jacob and emphasizes his old age. Alternate translation: "me, an old man" (See: rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche)