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For
"This is because." This verse gives the reason for "you are alienated from Christ … you have fallen away from grace" in verse 4.
by faith we are waiting for the confidence of righteousness
This can mean 1) "we are waiting by faith for the confidence of righteousness" or 2) "we are waiting for the confidence of righteousness that comes by faith"
we
This refers to Paul and those who oppose the circumcision of Christians. He is probably including the Galatians. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive)
are waiting
expectantly, excitedly, patiently
confidence of righteousness
"we are confident that God will declare us righteous"
neither circumcision nor uncircumcision
metonymy for being a Jew or a non-Jew (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
but instead only faith working through love
"but instead of that, God is concerned with our faith in God, which is demonstrated by loving others"
You were running
"You were practicing what Jesus taught"
The persuasion to do that is not from him who calls you
"The one who persuades you to do that is not God, the one who calls you" to be his people
persuasion
To persuade someone is to get that person to change what he believes to be true and so to act differently.