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# a sharp dispute and debate with them
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# This brought ... into a sharp dispute and debate with them
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The abstract nouns "sharp dispute" and "debate" can be stated as verbs and where the men came from can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "had confronted and debated with the men from Judea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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The abstract nouns "sharp dispute" and "debate" can be stated as verbs and where the men came from can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "... had confronted and debated with the men from Judea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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# go up to Jerusalem
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# go up to Jerusalem
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# General Information:
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# General Information:
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Here the words "They," "they," and "them" refer to Paul, Barnabas, and certain others ([Acts 15:2](../15/02.md)).
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Both instances of "They" here refer to Paul, Barnabas, and certain others ([Acts 15:2](../15/02.md)).
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# They therefore, being sent by the church
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# They therefore, being sent by the church
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Therefore the communi
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# being sent by the church
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# being sent by the church
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Here "church" stands for the people that were a part of the church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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Here "church" stands for the people who were the church.
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# passed through ... announced
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# passed through ... announced
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# General Information:
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All instances of "they" and "them" here refer to Paul, Barnabas, and certain others ([Acts 15:2](../15/02.md)).
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# they were welcomed by the church and the apostles and the elders
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# they were welcomed by the church and the apostles and the elders
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This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the apostles, the elders, and the rest of the community of believers welcomed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the apostles, the elders, and the rest of the community of believers welcomed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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# But certain men
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# But certain men
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Here Luke contrasts those who believe that salvation is only in Jesus to others who believe salvation is by Jesus yet also believe that circumcision is required for salvation.
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Here Luke contrasts those who believe that salvation is only in Jesus to others who believe salvation is by Jesus but also believe that circumcision is required for salvation.
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# to keep the law of Moses
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# to keep the law of Moses
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# General Information:
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# General Information:
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The first word "them" refers to apostles and elders ([Acts 15:6](../15/06.md)) and the other words "them" and "their" refer to the believing Gentiles. Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the apostles and elders present. The word "he" refers to God. Here "us" is plural and refers to Peter, the apostles and elders, and all Jewish believers in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
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The word "them" refers to apostles and elders ([Acts 15:6](../15/06.md)), and the word "you" is plural because it refers to the apostles and elders present. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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# Connecting Statement:
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# Connecting Statement:
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# Brothers
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# Brothers
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Peter is addressing all of the believers who were present.
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Peter is addressing all of the believers who are present.
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# by my mouth
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# by my mouth
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# General Information:
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The word "them" refers to the Gentiles, and both instances of "you" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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# who knows the heart
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# who knows the heart
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Here "heart" refers to the "minds" or "inner beings." Alternate translation: "who knows the people's minds" or "who knows what people think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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Here "heart" refers to the "minds" or "inner beings." Alternate translation: "who knows the people's minds" or "who knows what people think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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# General Information:
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The word "he" refers to God, the word "us" refers to the speaker and the hearers, and the word "them" refers to the Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
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# made no distinction
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# made no distinction
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God did not treat Jewish believers different from Gentile believers.
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God did not treat Jewish believers differently from Gentile believers.
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# making their hearts clean by faith
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# making their hearts clean by faith
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God's forgiving the Gentile believers' sins is spoken as though he literally cleaned their hearts. Here "heart" stands for the person's inner being. Alternate translation: "forgiving their sins because they believed in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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God's forgiving the Gentile believers' sins is spoken of as though he cleaned their hearts. Here "heart" stands for the person's inner being. Alternate translation: "forgiving their sins because they believed in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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Peter includes his audience by his use of "our" and "we." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
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Peter includes his audience by his use of "our" and "we." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
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# Connecting Statement:
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Peter finishes speaking to the apostles and elders.
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# Now
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# Now
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This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
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This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
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# Connecting Statement:
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Peter finishes speaking to the apostles and elders.
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# But we believe that we shall be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, just as they were
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# But we believe that we shall be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, just as they were
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This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "But we believe the Lord Jesus shall save us by his grace, just as he saved the non-Jewish believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "But we believe the Lord Jesus shall save us by his grace, just as he saved the non-Jewish believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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# General Information:
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Here "I" refers to God who spoke through the words of his prophet.
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# Connecting Statement:
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# Connecting Statement:
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James quotes the prophet Amos from the Old Testament.
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James quotes the prophet Amos from the Old Testament.
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# General Information:
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Here "I" refers to God, who spoke through the words of his prophet.
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# I will build again the tent of David, which has fallen down ... its ruins again
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# I will build again the tent of David, which has fallen down ... its ruins again
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This speaks of God's again choosing one of David's descendants to rule over his people as though he were setting up a tent again after it fell down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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This speaks of God's again choosing one of David's descendants to rule over his people as though he were setting up a tent again after it fell down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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Here "we" includes James, the apostles, and the elders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
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Here "we" includes James, the apostles, and the elders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
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# Connecting Statement:
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James finishes speaking to the apostles and elders. (See: [Acts 15:2](../15/02.md) and [Acts 15:13](./13.md))
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# we should not trouble those of the Gentiles
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# we should not trouble those of the Gentiles
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You can make explicit in what way James does not want to trouble the Gentiles. Alternate translation: "we should not require the Gentiles to become circumcised and obey the laws of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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You can make explicit in what way James does not want to trouble the Gentiles. Alternate translation: "we should not require the Gentiles to become circumcised and obey the laws of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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12
act/15/21.md
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act/15/21.md
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# Connecting Statement:
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James finishes speaking to the apostles and elders. (See: [Acts 15:2](../15/02.md) and [Acts 15:13](./13.md))
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# Moses has been proclaimed in every city ... and he is read in the synagogues every Sabbath
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# Moses has been proclaimed in every city ... and he is read in the synagogues every Sabbath
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James is implying that Gentiles know how important these rules are because Jews preach them in every city where there is a synagogue. It also implies the Gentiles can go to the teachers from the synagogues to learn more about these rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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James is implying that Gentiles know how important these rules are because Jews preach them in every city where there is a synagogue. It also implies the Gentiles can go to the teachers from the synagogues to learn more about these rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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# Moses has been proclaimed
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Moses has been proclaimed ... he is read
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Here "Moses" represents the law of Moses. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The law of Moses has been proclaimed" or "Jews have taught the law of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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Here "Moses" represents the law of Moses, and so does "he." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The law of Moses has been proclaimed ... the law is read" or "Jews have taught the law of Moses ... they read the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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# in every city
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# in every city
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The word "every" here is a generalization. Alternate translation: "in many cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
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The word "every" here is a generalization. Alternate translation: "in many cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
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# and he is read
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Here "he" refers to Moses, whose name here represents his law. Alternate translation: "and the law is read" or "and they read the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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# General Information:
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# General Information:
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Here the word "them" refers to Judas and Silas. The word "They" refers to the apostles, elders, and other believers of the church in Jerusalem.
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Here the word "them" refers to Judas and Silas.
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# the whole church
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# the whole church
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# General Information:
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The word "They" refers to the apostles, elders, and other believers of the church in Jerusalem, and the word "your" is plural.
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# From the apostles and elders, your brothers, to the Gentile brothers in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia: Greetings!
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# From the apostles and elders, your brothers, to the Gentile brothers in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia: Greetings!
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This is the introduction of the letter. Your language may have a way of introducing the author of the letter and to whom it is written. Alternate translation: "This letter is from your brothers, the apostles and elders. We are writing to you Gentile believers in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia. Greetings to you" or "To our Gentile brothers in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia. Greetings from the apostles and elders, your brothers"
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This is the introduction of the letter. Your language may have a way of introducing the author of the letter and to whom it is written. Alternate translation: "This letter is from your brothers, the apostles and elders. We are writing to you Gentile believers in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia. Greetings to you" or "To our Gentile brothers in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia. Greetings from the apostles and elders, your brothers"
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# General Information:
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# General Information:
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Here all instances of "we," "our," and "us" refer to the believers in the church in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [Acts 15:22](../15/22.md))
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Here all instances of "we" and "us" refer to the writers but not the readers ([Acts 15:22](../15/22.md)) and so are exclusive, and the words "you" and "your" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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# that certain men
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# that certain men
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# disturbed you with teachings that upset your souls
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# disturbed you with teachings that upset your souls
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Here "souls" refers to the people. Alternate translation: "have taught things that have troubled you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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Here "souls" refers to the people. Alternate translation: "taught things that have troubled you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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# General Information:
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Here the words "us" and "our" refer to the writers but not the readers ([Acts 15:22](../15/22.md)) and so are exclusive, and the word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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# to choose men
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# to choose men
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The men they sent were Judas called Barsabbas and Silas ([Acts 15:22](../15/22.md)).
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The men they sent were Judas, who was called Barsabbas, and Silas ([Acts 15:22](../15/22.md)).
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# General Information:
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# General Information:
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Here the words "We" and "us" refer to the leaders and believers in the church in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [Acts 15:22](../15/22.md))
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Here the word "we" refers to the writers of the letter [Acts 15:22](../15/22.md) but not its readers and so is exclusive. The word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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# Connecting Statement:
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This concludes the letter from the Jerusalem church to the Gentile believers in Antioch.
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# who will tell you the same thing themselves in their own words
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# who will tell you the same thing themselves in their own words
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# General Information:
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Here the word "us" refers to the writers of the letter [Acts 15:22](../15/22.md) but not its readers and so is exclusive. The word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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# to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things
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# to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things
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This speaks about laws that people need to obey as if they were objects that people carry on their shoulders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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This speaks about laws that people need to obey as if they were objects that people carry on their shoulders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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# Connecting Statement:
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This concludes the letter from the Jerusalem church to the Gentile believers in Antioch.
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# from things sacrificed to idols
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# from things sacrificed to idols
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This means they are not allowed to eat the meat of an animal that someone sacrifices to an idol.
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This means they are not allowed to eat the meat of an animal that someone sacrifices to an idol.
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# strengthened them
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# strengthened them
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Helping someone to depend even more on Jesus is spoken of as if they were making them physically stronger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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Judas and Silas' helping them to depend even more on Jesus is spoken of as if they were making them physically stronger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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Paul and Barnabas go on separate journeys.
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# Let us return now
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# Let us return now
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"I suggest we now return"
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"I suggest we now return"
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##### Obeying the law of Moses #####
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##### Obeying the law of Moses #####
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Some believers wanted the Gentiles to be circumcised because God had told Abraham and Moses that everyone who wanted to belong to him had to be circumcised and that this was a law that would always exist. But Paul and Barnabas had seen God give uncircumcised Gentiles the gift of the Holy Spirit, so they did not want the Gentiles to be circumcised. Both groups went to Jerusalem to have the church leaders decide what they should do.
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Some believers wanted the Gentiles to be circumcised because God had told Abraham and Moses that everyone who wanted to belong to him had to be circumcised and that this was "an everlasting covenant." But Paul and Barnabas had seen God give uncircumcised Gentiles the gift of the Holy Spirit, so they did not want the Gentiles to be circumcised. Both groups went to Jerusalem to have the church leaders decide what they should do.
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##### "Abstain from things sacrificed to idols, blood, things strangled, and from sexual immorality" #####
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##### "Abstain from things sacrificed to idols, blood, things strangled, and from sexual immorality" #####
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