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Moreover, I say, "Did Israel not know?"
Paul uses a question for emphasis. The word "Israel" refers to the people who lived in the nation of Israel. AT: "Again I tell you the people of Israel did know the message." (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
First Moses says, "I will provoke you...I will stir you up...
This means that Moses wrote down what God said. "I" refers to God, and "you" refers to the Israelites. AT: "First Moses says that God will provoke you...God will stir you up...." (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you, rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations)
by what is not a nation
AT: "by those you do not consider to be a real nation" (see UDB) or "by people who do not belong to any nation"
By means of a nation without understanding
AT: "by a nation with people that do not know me or my commands"
I will stir you up to anger
AT: "I will make you angry"
you
This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual)