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Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote LUK front intro uk55 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Luke<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Luke<br><br>1. Introduction and purpose for writing (1:1-4)<br>1. Birth of Jesus and his preparation for his ministry (1:5-4:13)<br>1. Jesus’ ministry in Galilee (4:14-9:50)<br>1. Jesus’ journey to Jerusalem<br>- Discipleship (9:51-11:13)<br>- Conflict and Jesus’ grief (11:14-14:35)<br>- Parables about things that are lost and found. Parables about honesty and dishonesty (15:1-16:31)<br>- Kingdom of God (17:1-19:27)<br>- Jesus’ entry into Jerusalem (19:28–-44)<br>1. Jesus in Jerusalem (19:45-21:4)<br>1. Jesus’ teaching about his second coming (21:5–-36)<br>1. Jesus’ death, burial, and resurrection (22:1–-24:53)<br><br>### What is the Gospel of Luke about?<br><br>The Gospel of Luke is one of four books in the New Testament that describe some of the life of Jesus Christ. The authors of the gospels wrote about different aspects of who Jesus was and what he did. Luke wrote his gospel for a person named Theophilus. Luke wrote an accurate description of the life of Jesus so that Theophilus would be certain of what is true. However, Luke expected the gospel to encourage all believers, not just Theophilus.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “The Gospel of Luke” or “The Gospel according to Luke.” Or they may choose a title that may be clearer, for example, “The Good News about Jesus that Luke wrote.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Luke?<br><br>This book does not give the name of the author. The same person who wrote this book also wrote the Book of Acts. In parts of the Book of Acts, the author uses the word “we.” This indicates that the author traveled with Paul. Most scholars think that Luke was this person traveling with Paul. Therefore, since early Christian times, most Christians have thought Luke was the author of both the Book of Luke and the Book of Acts.<br><br>Luke was a medical doctor. His way of writing shows that he was an educated man. He was probably a Gentile. Luke himself probably did not witness what Jesus said and did. But he said that he talked to many people who did.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What are the roles of women in the Gospel of Luke?<br><br>Luke described women in a very positive way in his gospel. For example, he often showed women being more faithful to God than most men. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br><br>### Why does Luke write so much about the final week of Jesus’ life?<br><br>Luke wrote much about Jesus’ final week. He wanted his readers to think deeply about Jesus’ final week and his death on the cross. He wanted people to understand that Jesus willingly died on the cross so that God could forgive them for sinning against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What are the Synoptic Gospels?<br><br>The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are called the Synoptic Gospels because they have many similar passages. The word “synoptic” means to “see together.”<br><br>The texts are considered “parallel” when they are the same or almost the same among two or three gospels. When translating parallel passages, translators should use the same wording and make them as similar as possible.<br><br>### Why does Jesus refer to himself as the “Son of Man”?<br><br>In the gospels, Jesus called himself the “Son of Man.” It is a reference to Daniel 7:13-14. In this passage there is a person described as a “son of man.” That means the person was someone who looked like a human being. God gave authority to the son of man to rule over the nations forever. And all the people will worship him forever.<br><br>Jews of Jesus’ time did not use “Son of Man” as a title for anyone. Therefore, Jesus used it for himself to help them understand who he truly was. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]])<br><br>Translating the title “Son of Man” can be difficult in many languages. Readers may misunderstand a literal translation. Translators can consider alternatives, such as “The Human One.” It may also be helpful to include a footnote to explain the title.<br><br>### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Luke?<br><br>The following verses are not in the earliest manuscripts. The ULT and UST include these verses, but some other versions do not.<br><br>* “Then an angel from heaven appeared to him, strengthening him. Being in agony, he prayed more earnestly, and his sweat became like great drops of blood falling down upon the ground.” (22:43–44)<br>* “Jesus said, “Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing.” (23:34)<br><br>The following verse is not included in many modern versions. Some versions put it into square brackets. Translators are advised not to translate this verse. However, if in the translators’ region, there are older versions of the Bible that include this verse, the translators can include it. If they are translated, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it was probably not original to Luke’s Gospel.<br><br>* “For he was required to release one prisoner during the feast” (23:17)<br><br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])<br> LUK 1 intro f1b5 0 # Luke 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 1:46-55, 68-79.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “He will be called John”<br><br>Most people in the ancient Near East would give a child the same name as someone in their families. People were surprised that Elizabeth and Zechariah named their son John because there was no one else in their family with that name.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>Luke’s language is simple and straightforward. He does not use many figures of speech.<br> LUK 1 1 br8r 0 General Information: Luke explains why he writes to Theophilus. LUK 1 1 qhd9 περὶ τῶν πεπληροφορημένων ἐν ἡμῖν πραγμάτων 1 concerning the things that have been fulfilled among us “about those things that have happened among us” or “about those events that have happened among us” LUK 1 1 hyp6 figs-inclusive ἐν ἡμῖν 1 among us No one knows for sure who Theophilus was. If he was a Christian, the word “us” here would include him and so be inclusive, and if not, it would be exclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) LUK 1 2 hud2 figs-explicit αὐτόπται καὶ ὑπηρέται γενόμενοι τοῦ λόγου 1 who were eyewitnesses and servants of the word An “eyewitness” is a person who saw something happen, and a servant of the word is a person who serves God by telling people God’s message. You may need to make it clear how they were servants of the word. Alternate translation: “saw what had happened and served God by telling people his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 1 2 z9dq figs-synecdoche ὑπηρέται…τοῦ λόγου 1 servants of the word OccurrenceNote LUK 1 3 fud1 παρηκολουθηκότι 1 having investigated “carefully researched.” Luke was careful to find out exactly what happened. He probably talked to the different people who saw what happened to make sure that what he wrote down about these events was correct. LUK 1 3 nr63 κράτιστε Θεόφιλε 1 most excellent Theophilus Luke said this to show honor and respect for Theophilus. This may mean that Theophilus was an important government official. This section should use the style that your culture uses to address people of high status. Some people may prefer to also put this greeting at the beginning and say, “To…Theophilus” or “Dear…Theophilus.” LUK 1 3 vhj8 κράτιστε 1 most excellent “honorable” or “noble” LUK 1 3 h7q1 translate-names Θεόφιλε 1 Theophilus This name means “friend of God.” It may describe this man’s character or it may have been his actual name. Most translations have it as a name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 1 5 b4z8 writing-background 0 General Information: Zechariah and Elizabeth are introduced. These verses give background information about them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 1 5 kf5y 0 Connecting Statement: The angel prophesies the birth of John. LUK 1 5 gb16 writing-newevent ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Ἡρῴδου βασιλέως τῆς Ἰουδαίας 1 In the days of Herod, king of Judea The phrase “In the days of” is used to indicate a new event. Alternate translation: “During the time that King Herod ruled over Judea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 1 5 a4q9 writing-participants ἐγένετο…ἱερεύς τις 1 there was a certain priest “there was a particular” or “there was a.” This is a way of introducing a new character in a story. Consider how your language does this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 1 5 l228 figs-explicit ἐφημερίας 1 the division It is understood that this refers to the priests. Alternate translation: “division of priests” or “group of priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 1 5 gzw1 Ἀβιά 1 of Abijah “who descended from Abijah.” Abijah was an ancestor of this group of priests and all of them were descended from Aaron, who was the first Israelite priest. LUK 1 5 nnu9 figs-explicit καὶ γυνὴ αὐτῷ ἐκ τῶν θυγατέρων Ἀαρών 1 His wife was from the daughters of Aaron “His wife was descended from Aaron.” This means she was from the same line of priests as Zechariah. Alternate translation: “His wife was also descended from Aaron” or “Zechariah and his wife Elizabeth were both descended from Aaron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 1 5 d3ua ἐκ τῶν θυγατέρων Ἀαρών 1 from the daughters of Aaron “descended from Aaron” LUK 1 6 uu87 ἐναντίον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 before God “in God’s sight” or “in God’s opinion” LUK 1 6 csc9 πάσαις ταῖς ἐντολαῖς καὶ δικαιώμασιν τοῦ Κυρίου 1 all the commandments and statutes of the Lord “all that the Lord had commanded and required” LUK 1 7 c7cj καὶ 1 But This contrast word shows that what follows here is the opposite of what is expected. People expected that if they did what was right, God would allow them to have children. Although this couple did what was right, they did not have any children. LUK 1 8 jr7f ἐγένετο δὲ 1 Now it came about This phrase is used to mark a shift in the story from the background information to the participants. LUK 1 8 vyl8 figs-explicit ἐν τῷ ἱερατεύειν αὐτὸν…ἔναντι τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 while he was performing his priestly duties before God It is implied that Zechariah was in God’s temple and that these priestly duties were part of worshiping God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 1 8 abc1 ἐν τῷ ἱερατεύειν αὐτὸν 1 while he was performing his priestly duties This refers to Zechariah. LUK 1 8 wed9 ἐν τῇ τάξει τῆς ἐφημερίας αὐτοῦ 1 in the order of his division “when it was his group’s turn” or “when the time came for his group to serve” LUK 1 9 vq5g writing-background κατὰ τὸ ἔθος τῆς ἱερατείας, ἔλαχε τοῦ θυμιᾶσαι 1 According to the custom of the priesthood…to burn incense This sentence gives us information about priestly duties. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 1 9 s2vv τὸ ἔθος 1 the custom “the traditional method” or “their usual way” LUK 1 9 pa9c ἔλαχε 1 he was chosen by lot A lot was a marked stone that was thrown or rolled on the ground in order to help them decide something. The priests believed that God guided the lot to show them which priest he wanted them to choose. LUK 1 9 ph9z τοῦ θυμιᾶσαι 1 to burn incense The priests were to burn sweet-smelling incense as an offering to God each morning and evening on a special altar inside the temple. LUK 1 10 bjl6 πᾶν τὸ πλῆθος…τοῦ λαοῦ 1 the whole crowd of people “A large number of people” or “Many people” LUK 1 10 ntl8 figs-explicit ἔξω 1 outside The courtyard was the enclosed area surrounding the temple. Alternate translation: “outside the temple building” or “in the courtyard outside the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 1 10 uwu7 τῇ ὥρᾳ 1 at the hour “at the set time.” It is unclear if this was the morning or evening time for the incense offering. LUK 1 11 qyk5 0 Connecting Statement: While Zechariah does his duty in the temple, an angel comes from God to give him a message. LUK 1 11 b8b7 δὲ 1 Then This word marks the beginning of the action in the story. LUK 1 11 c8ss ὤφθη…αὐτῷ 1 appeared to him “suddenly came to him” or “was suddenly there with Zechariah.” This expresses that the angel was present with Zechariah, and not simply a vision. LUK 1 12 r3aa ἐταράχθη Ζαχαρίας…φόβος ἐπέπεσεν ἐπ’ αὐτόν 1 Zechariah was troubled…fear fell on him These two phrases mean the same thing, and emphasize how afraid Zechariah was. LUK 1 12 d1zm Ζαχαρίας ἰδών 1 When Zechariah saw him “When Zechariah saw the angel.” Zechariah was afraid because the appearance of the angel was frightening. He had not done anything wrong, so he was not afraid that the angel would punish him. LUK 1 12 sfb1 figs-metaphor φόβος ἐπέπεσεν ἐπ’ αὐτόν 1 fear fell on him Fear is described as if it was something that attacked or overpowered Zechariah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 1 13 ki8l μὴ φοβοῦ 1 Do not be afraid “Stop being afraid of me” or “You do not need to be afraid of me” LUK 1 13 es4l figs-activepassive εἰσηκούσθη ἡ δέησίς σου 1 your prayer has been heard This can be stated in active form. It is implied that God will give Zechariah what he has asked for. Alternate translation: “God has heard your prayer and will give you what you have asked for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 1 13 p98p γεννήσει υἱόν σοι 1 will bear you a son “have a son for you” or “give birth to your son” LUK 1 14 n654 figs-doublet ἔσται χαρά σοι καὶ ἀγαλλίασις 1 There will be joy and gladness to you The words “joy” and “gladness” mean the same thing and are used to emphasize how great the joy will be. Alternate translation: “you will have great joy” or “you will be very glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) LUK 1 14 q1p8 ἐπὶ τῇ γενέσει αὐτοῦ 1 at his birth “because of his birth” LUK 1 15 td57 ἔσται γὰρ μέγας 1 For he will be great “This is because. he will be great” Zechariah and the “many” will rejoice because John will be “great in the sight of the Lord.” The rest of verse 15 tells how God wants John to live. LUK 1 15 sz79 ἔσται…μέγας ἐνώπιον τοῦ Κυρίου 1 he will be great in the sight of the Lord “he will be a very important person for the Lord” or “God will consider him to be very important” LUK 1 15 abc2 οὐ μὴ πίῃ 1 He must never drink The phrase **must never** translates two Greek words the emphasize how important it is that the child not drink wine or strong drink. LUK 1 15 hgb9 figs-activepassive Πνεύματος Ἁγίου πλησθήσεται 1 he will be filled with the Holy Spirit This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit will empower him” or “the Holy Spirit will guide him” Make sure it does not sound similar to what an evil spirit might do to a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 1 15 ie95 ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς αὐτοῦ 1 from his mother’s womb “even while he is in his mother’s womb” or “even before he is born” LUK 1 16 x36x figs-metaphor καὶ πολλοὺς τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ ἐπιστρέψει ἐπὶ Κύριον, τὸν Θεὸν αὐτῶν 1 He will turn many of the sons of Israel back to the Lord their God Here “be turned” is a metaphor for a person repenting and worshiping the Lord. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will cause many of the people of Israel to repent and worship the Lord their God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 1 17 c52s αὐτὸς προελεύσεται ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ 1 he will go as a forerunner before the Lord Before the Lord comes, he will go and announce to the people that the Lord will come to them. LUK 1 17 wc9f figs-idiom ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ 1 before the Lord Here “the face of” someone can be an idiom that refers to the that person’s presence. It is sometimes omitted in translation. Alternate translation: “the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 1 17 p472 ἐν πνεύματι καὶ δυνάμει Ἠλεία 1 in the spirit and power of Elijah “with the same spirit and power that Elijah had.” The word “spirit” either refers to God’s Holy Spirit or to Elijah’s attitude or way of thinking. Make sure that the word “spirit” does not mean ghost or evil spirit. LUK 1 17 qe48 ἐπιστρέψαι καρδίας πατέρων ἐπὶ τέκνα 1 to turn back the hearts of the fathers to the children “persuade fathers to care about their children again” or “cause fathers to restore their relationships with their children” LUK 1 17 w32h figs-metaphor ἐπιστρέψαι καρδίας 1 to turn back the hearts The heart is spoken of as if it is something that can be turned to go in a different direction. This refers to changing someone’s attitude toward something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 1 17 j49j ἀπειθεῖς 1 the disobedient Here this refers to people who do not obey the Lord. LUK 1 17 ujs1 figs-explicit ἑτοιμάσαι Κυρίῳ λαὸν κατεσκευασμένον 1 make ready for the Lord a people prepared for him What the people will be prepared to do can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “make ready for the Lord a people who are prepared to believe his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 1 18 asn2 κατὰ τί γνώσομαι τοῦτο? 1 How will I know this? “How can I know for sure that what you said will happen?” Here, “know” means to learn by experience, suggesting Zechariah was asking for a sign as proof. Alternate translation: “What can you do to prove to me that this will happen?” LUK 1 19 p3jn ἐγώ εἰμι Γαβριὴλ, ὁ παρεστηκὼς ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 I am Gabriel, who stands in the presence of God This is stated as a rebuke to Zechariah. The presence of Gabriel, coming directly from God, should be enough proof for Zechariah. LUK 1 19 yp6z ὁ παρεστηκὼς 1 who stands “who serves” LUK 1 19 pd7h figs-activepassive ἀπεστάλην λαλῆσαι πρὸς σὲ 1 I was sent to speak to you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God sent me to speak to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 1 20 x9qk ἰδοὺ 1 Behold “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important” LUK 1 20 g5t1 figs-doublet σιωπῶν καὶ μὴ δυνάμενος λαλῆσαι 1 silent, and not able to speak These mean the same thing, and are repeated to emphasize the completeness of his silence. Alternate translation: “completely unable to speak” or “not able to speak at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) LUK 1 20 q6y3 οὐκ ἐπίστευσας τοῖς λόγοις μου 1 you did not believe my words “not believe what I said” LUK 1 20 hgu3 εἰς τὸν καιρὸν αὐτῶν 1 in their proper time “at the appointed time” LUK 1 21 e14e καὶ 1 Now This marks a shift in the story from what happened inside the temple to what happened outside. Alternate translation: “While that was happening” or “While the angel and Zechariah were talking” LUK 1 22 h6vt ἐπέγνωσαν ὅτι ὀπτασίαν ἑώρακεν ἐν τῷ ναῷ. καὶ αὐτὸς ἦν διανεύων αὐτοῖς, καὶ διέμενεν κωφός 1 they realized that he had seen a vision in the temple; and he kept making signs to them, and remained unable to speak These things probably happened at the same time, and Zechariah’s signs helped the people understand that he had had a vision. It might be helpful to your audience to change the order to show that. Alternate translation: “He kept on making signs to them and remained silent. So they realized that he had seen a vision while he was in the temple” LUK 1 22 r2ak ὀπτασίαν 1 a vision The earlier description indicated that Gabriel actually came to Zechariah in the temple. The people, not knowing that, assumed Zechariah saw a vision. LUK 1 23 duy9 ἐγένετο 1 It came about that This phrase moves the story ahead to when Zechariah’s service was ended. LUK 1 23 sa5y ἀπῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ 1 he went away to his home Zechariah did not live in Jerusalem, where the temple was located. He traveled to his home town. LUK 1 24 cda2 writing-newevent μετὰ δὲ ταύτας τὰς ἡμέρας 1 Now after these days The phrase “these days” refers to the time Zechariah was serving in the temple. It is possible to state more clearly what this refers to. Alternate translation: “After Zechariah’s time of serving at the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 1 24 hc8d ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ 1 his wife “Zechariah’s wife” LUK 1 24 kpw1 περιέκρυβεν ἑαυτὴν 1 kept herself hidden “did not leave her house” or “stayed inside by herself” LUK 1 25 z1xr οὕτως μοι πεποίηκεν Κύριος 1 This is what the Lord has done for me This phrase refers to the fact that the Lord allowed her to become pregnant. LUK 1 25 w8yq οὕτως 1 This is what This is a positive exclamation. She is very happy with what the Lord has done for her. LUK 1 25 pn2a figs-idiom ἐπεῖδεν 1 looked upon me with favor “to look at” here is an idiom that means “to treat” or “to deal with.” Alternate translation: “regarded me kindly” or “had pity on me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 1 25 lx3p ὄνειδός μου 1 my disgrace This refers to the shame she felt when she was not able to have children. LUK 1 26 qyv8 0 General Information: The angel Gabriel announces to Mary that she is going to be the mother of the one who is the Son of God. LUK 1 26 v9w2 figs-explicit ἐν…τῷ μηνὶ τῷ ἕκτῳ 1 in the sixth month “in the sixth month of Elizabeth’s pregnancy.” It may be necessary to state this clearly if it would be confused with the sixth month of the year. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 1 26 rl4c figs-activepassive ἀπεστάλη ὁ ἄγγελος Γαβριὴλ ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the angel Gabriel was sent from God This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God told the angel Gabriel to go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 1 27 is22 παρθένον ἐμνηστευμένην ἀνδρὶ, ᾧ ὄνομα Ἰωσὴφ 1 a virgin engaged to a man whose name was Joseph Mary’s parents had agreed that Mary would marry Joseph. Though they had not had sexual relations, Joseph would have thought and spoken of her as his wife. LUK 1 27 tzh2 ἐξ οἴκου Δαυεὶδ 1 of the house of David “He belonged to the same tribe as David” or “He was a descendant of King David” LUK 1 27 w9tm writing-participants τὸ ὄνομα τῆς παρθένου Μαριάμ 1 the name of the virgin was Mary This introduces Mary as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 1 28 i7h4 χαῖρε 1 Greetings This was a common greeting. It means: “Rejoice” or “Be glad.” LUK 1 28 bp2n κεχαριτωμένη! 1 favored one! “you who have received great grace!” or “you who have received special kindness!” LUK 1 28 jmq9 figs-idiom ὁ Κύριος μετὰ σοῦ 1 The Lord is with you “with you” here is an idiom that implies support and acceptance. Alternate translation: “The Lord is pleased with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 1 29 ytx7 ἡ δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ λόγῳ διεταράχθη, καὶ διελογίζετο ποταπὸς εἴη ὁ ἀσπασμὸς οὗτος 1 But she was troubled by his words and she was considering what kind of greeting this might be Mary understood the meaning of the individual words, but she did not understand why the angel said this amazing greeting to her. LUK 1 30 d3rx μὴ φοβοῦ, Μαριάμ 1 Do not be afraid, Mary The angel does not want Mary to be afraid of his appearance, because God sent him with a positive message. LUK 1 30 a3eb figs-idiom εὗρες…χάριν παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ 1 you have found favor with God The idiom “to find favor” means to be positively received by someone. The sentence can be altered to show God as the actor. Alternate translation: “God has decided to give you his grace” or “God is showing you his kindness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 1 31 fi5q συνλήμψῃ ἐν γαστρὶ, καὶ τέξῃ υἱόν…Ἰησοῦν 1 you will conceive in your womb and bear a son…Jesus Mary will bear “a son” who will be called “the Son of the Most High.” Jesus is therefore a human son born of a human mother, and he is also the Son of God. These terms should be translated very carefully. LUK 1 32 z74z Υἱὸς Ὑψίστου 1 the Son of the Most High Mary will bear “a son” who will be called “the Son of the Most High.” Jesus is therefore a human son born of a human mother, and he is also the Son of God. These terms should be translated very carefully. LUK 1 32 ip26 figs-activepassive κληθήσεται 1 will be called Possible meanings are 1) “people will call him” or 2) “God will call him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 1 32 hl55 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Υἱὸς Ὑψίστου 1 the Son of the Most High This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) LUK 1 32 lwd9 figs-metonymy δώσει αὐτῷ…τὸν θρόνον Δαυεὶδ, τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ 1 give him the throne of his ancestor David The throne represents the king’s authority to rule. Alternate translation: “give him authority to rule as king as his ancestor David did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 1 33 q516 figs-litotes τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ, οὐκ ἔσται τέλος 1 there will be no end to his kingdom The negative phrase “no end” emphasizes that it continues forever. It could also be stated with a positive phrase. Alternate translation: “his kingdom will never end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) LUK 1 34 cf3b πῶς ἔσται τοῦτο 1 How will this happen Though Mary did not understand how it could happen, she did not doubt that it would happen. LUK 1 34 fqt7 figs-euphemism ἄνδρα οὐ γινώσκω 1 I have not known a man Mary used this polite expression to say that she had not engaged in sexual activity. Alternate translation: “I am a virgin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) LUK 1 35 nd3z Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον ἐπελεύσεται ἐπὶ σέ 1 The Holy Spirit will come upon you The process of Mary’s conception would begin with the Holy Spirit coming to her. LUK 1 35 fty4 ἐπελεύσεται ἐπὶ 1 will come upon “will overtake” LUK 1 35 x53s δύναμις Ὑψίστου 1 the power of the Most High It was God’s “power” that would supernaturally cause Mary to become pregnant even while she still remained a virgin. Make sure this does not imply any physical or sexual union—this was a miracle. LUK 1 35 mmw4 ἐπισκιάσει σοι 1 will overshadow you “will cover you like a shadow” LUK 1 35 vrz6 figs-activepassive διὸ καὶ τὸ γεννώμενον Ἅγιον κληθήσεται, Υἱὸς Θεοῦ 1 So the holy one to be born will be called the Son of God This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So they will call the holy one who will be born the Son of God” or “So the baby that will be born will be holy, and people will call him the Son of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 1 35 jwj3 τὸ…Ἅγιον 1 the holy one “the holy child” or “the holy baby” LUK 1 35 k866 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Υἱὸς Θεοῦ 1 the Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) LUK 1 36 lx9k ἰδοὺ…ἡ συγγενίς σου 1 see, your relative “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: your relative” LUK 1 36 ve23 Ἐλεισάβετ, ἡ συγγενίς σου 1 your relative Elizabeth If you need to state a specific relationship, Elizabeth was probably Mary’s aunt or great-aunt. LUK 1 36 f88l καὶ αὐτὴ συνείληφεν υἱὸν ἐν γήρει αὐτῆς 1 has also conceived a son in her old age “Elizabeth has also become pregnant with a son, even though she is already very old” or “Elizabeth, even though she is old, has also become pregnant and will bear a son.” Make sure it does not sound as though both Mary and Elizabeth were old when they conceived. LUK 1 36 hck2 μὴν ἕκτος…αὐτῇ 1 the sixth month for her “the sixth month of her pregnancy” LUK 1 37 v42f ὅτι οὐκ…πᾶν ῥῆμα 1 For nothing “Because nothing” or “This shows that nothing” LUK 1 37 g7yt figs-doublenegatives οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ πᾶν ῥῆμα 1 nothing will be impossible for God Elizabeth’s pregnancy was proof that God was able to do anything—even enable Mary to become pregnant without her sleeping with a man. The double negatives in this statement can be stated with positive terms. Alternate translation: “God can do anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) LUK 1 38 tef1 ἰδοὺ, ἡ δούλη 1 See, I am the female servant “Here I am, the female servant” or “I am glad to be the female servant.” She is responding humbly and willingly. LUK 1 38 kw3g ἰδοὺ, ἡ δούλη Κυρίου 1 I am the female servant of the Lord Choose an expression that shows her humility and obedience to the Lord. She was not boasting about being the Lord’s servant. LUK 1 38 b9ax γένοιτό μοι 1 May it be done to me “Let this happen to me.” Mary was expressing her willingness for the things to happen that the angel had told her were about to happen. LUK 1 39 ka5b writing-newevent 0 Connecting Statement: Mary goes to visit her relative Elizabeth, who is going to give birth to John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 1 39 wj5i figs-idiom ἀναστᾶσα 1 arose This idiom means she not only stood up, but also “got ready.” Alternate translation: “started out” or “got ready” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 1 39 sii5 τὴν ὀρινὴν 1 the hill country “the hilly area” or “the mountainous part of Israel” LUK 1 40 ee51 figs-explicit εἰσῆλθεν 1 She entered into It is implied that Mary finished her journey before she went in to Zechariah’s house. This could be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “When she arrived, she went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 1 41 bx82 καὶ ἐγένετο 1 Now it happened that The phrase is used to mark a new event in this part of the story. LUK 1 41 v99g ἐν τῇ κοιλίᾳ αὐτῆς 1 in her womb “in Elizabeth’s womb” LUK 1 41 ya5v ἐσκίρτησεν 1 leaped moved suddenly LUK 1 42 r4ka figs-doublet καὶ ἀνεφώνησεν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ καὶ εἶπεν 1 She exclaimed in a loud voice and said These two phrases mean the same thing, and are used to emphasize how excited Elizabeth was. They could be combined into one phrase. Alternate translation: “exclaimed loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) LUK 1 42 f69c figs-idiom ἀνεφώνησεν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ 1 She exclaimed in a loud voice This idiom means “increased the volume of her voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 1 42 t5e8 figs-idiom εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν 1 Blessed are you among women The idiom “among women” means “more than any other woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 1 42 bnl2 figs-metaphor ὁ καρπὸς τῆς κοιλίας σου 1 the fruit of your womb Mary’s baby is spoken of as if it is the fruit that a plant produces. Alternate translation: “the baby in your womb” or “the baby you will bear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 1 43 k63f figs-rquestion καὶ πόθεν μοι τοῦτο, ἵνα ἔλθῃ ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ Κυρίου μου πρὸς ἐμέ? 1 And how has it happened to me that the mother of my Lord should come to me? Elizabeth is not asking for information. She was showing how surprised and happy she was that the mother of the Lord had come to her. Alternate translation: “How wonderful it is that the mother of my Lord has come to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 1 43 tiu4 figs-123person ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ Κυρίου μου 1 the mother of my Lord It can be made clear that Elizabeth was calling Mary “the mother of my Lord” by adding the word “you.” Alternate translation: “you, the mother of my Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 1 44 uq3j ἰδοὺ γὰρ 1 For see This phrase alerts Mary to pay attention to Elizabeth’s surprising statement that follows. LUK 1 44 h54t figs-metonymy ὡς ἐγένετο ἡ φωνὴ τοῦ ἀσπασμοῦ σου εἰς τὰ ὦτά μου 1 as soon as the sound of your greeting reached to my ears Hearing a sound is spoken of as if the sound came to the ears. Alternate translation: “when I heard the sound of your greeting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 1 44 u9db ἐσκίρτησεν ἐν ἀγαλλιάσει 1 leaped for joy “moved suddenly with joy” or “turned forcefully because he was so happy” LUK 1 45 kf73 figs-123person καὶ μακαρία ἡ πιστεύσασα…τοῖς λελαλημένοις αὐτῇ παρὰ Κυρίου 1 Blessed is she who believed…that were told her from the Lord Elizabeth is talking about Mary to Mary. Alternate translation: “Blessed are you who believed…that were told you from the Lord”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 1 45 gc1e figs-activepassive καὶ μακαρία ἡ πιστεύσασα 1 Blessed is she who believed The passive verb can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless her because she believed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 1 45 lu4t ἔσται τελείωσις τοῖς λελαλημένοις 1 there would be a fulfillment of the things that were spoken “the things would actually happen” or “the things would come true” LUK 1 45 g8rc figs-activepassive τοῖς λελαλημένοις αὐτῇ παρὰ Κυρίου 1 the things that were spoken her from the Lord The word “from” is used here instead of “by” because it was the angel Gabriel whom Mary actually heard speak (see [Luke 1:26] (../01/26.md)), but the message (“the things”) came ultimately from the Lord. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the message that she heard from the Lord” or “the Lord’s message that the angel told her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 1 46 g7ta 0 General Information: Mary begins a song of praise to the Lord her Savior. LUK 1 46 vxj4 figs-synecdoche μεγαλύνει ἡ ψυχή μου 1 My soul magnifies The word “soul” refers to the spiritual part of a person. Mary is saying that her worship comes from deep inside her. Alternate translation: “My inner being praises” or “I praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LUK 1 47 jp51 figs-synecdoche ἠγαλλίασεν τὸ πνεῦμά μου 1 my spirit has rejoiced Both “soul” and “spirit” refer to the spiritual part of a person. Mary is saying that her worship comes from deep inside her. Alternate translation: “my heart has rejoiced” or “I rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LUK 1 47 hgz7 ἠγαλλίασεν…ἐπὶ 1 has rejoiced in “has felt very joyful about” or “was very happy about” LUK 1 47 usu3 τῷ Θεῷ, τῷ Σωτῆρί μου 1 God my Savior “God, the One who saves me” or “God, who saves me” LUK 1 48 zhr5 ὅτι ἐπέβλεψεν 1 For he has looked “This is because he” LUK 1 48 k3fv ἐπέβλεψεν ἐπὶ 1 he has looked at “looked at with concern” or “cared about” LUK 1 48 tg6y ταπείνωσιν 1 low condition “poverty.” Mary’s family was not rich. LUK 1 48 gsy2 ἰδοὺ γὰρ 1 For see This phrase calls attention to the statement that follows. LUK 1 48 jz61 ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν 1 from now on “now and in the future” LUK 1 48 l37l πᾶσαι αἱ γενεαί 1 all generations “the people in all generations” LUK 1 49 xng2 ὁ δυνατός 1 the Mighty One “God, the Powerful One” LUK 1 49 ze9y figs-metonymy τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ 1 his name Here “name” refers to the entire person of God. Alternate translation: “he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 1 50 pz6t καὶ τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ 1 His mercy “God’s mercy” LUK 1 50 ijs2 εἰς γενεὰς καὶ γενεὰς 1 is from generation to generation “from one generation to the next generation” or “throughout every generation” or “to people in every time period” LUK 1 51 pb8u figs-metonymy ἐποίησεν κράτος ἐν βραχίονι αὐτοῦ 1 He has done mighty deeds with his arm Here “his arm” is a metonym that stands for God’s power. Alternate translation: “shown that he is very powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 1 51 s51c διεσκόρπισεν…καρδίας αὐτῶν 1 has scattered…their hearts “has caused those…hearts to run away in different directions” LUK 1 51 nt8x figs-idiom ὑπερηφάνους διανοίᾳ καρδίας αὐτῶν 1 those who were proud in the thoughts of their hearts Here “hearts” is a metonym for people’s inner beings. Alternate translation: “who were proud in their thoughts” or “who were proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 1 52 ty2j figs-synecdoche καθεῖλεν δυνάστας ἀπὸ θρόνων 1 He has thrown down rulers from their thrones A throne is a chair that a ruler sits on, and it is a symbol of his authority. If a prince is brought down from his throne, it means he no longer has the authority to reign. Alternate translation: “He has taken away the authority of princes” or “He has made rulers stop ruling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LUK 1 52 ee3q figs-metaphor ὕψωσεν ταπεινούς 1 he has raised up those of low condition In this word picture, people who are important are higher than people who are less important. Alternate translation: “has made humble people important” or “has given honor to people whom others have not honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 1 52 yuu2 ταπεινούς 1 those of low condition “in poverty.” See how you translated this in [Luke 1:48](../01/48.md). LUK 1 53 z2he πεινῶντας ἐνέπλησεν ἀγαθῶν 1 He has filled the hungry…the rich he has sent away empty The contrast between these two opposite actions should be made clear in the translation if possible. LUK 1 53 l2t3 πεινῶντας ἐνέπλησεν ἀγαθῶν…πλουτοῦντας ἐξαπέστειλεν κενούς 1 filled the hungry with good things Possible meanings are 1) “given the hungry good food to eat” or 2) “given the needy good things.” LUK 1 54 d8g6 translate-versebridge 0 General Information: The UST rearranges these verses into a verse bridge in order to keep the information about Israel together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) LUK 1 54 xp39 ἀντελάβετο 1 He has helped “The Lord has helped” LUK 1 54 g5u1 Ἰσραὴλ παιδὸς αὐτοῦ 1 Israel his servant If readers confuse this with the man named Israel, it could be translated as “his servant, the nation of Israel” or “Israel, his servants.” LUK 1 54 hyt3 figs-idiom μνησθῆναι 1 remembering God cannot forget. When God “remembers,” it is an idiom that means God acts upon his earlier promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 1 55 qc9k writing-background καθὼς ἐλάλησεν πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας ἡμῶν 1 as he spoke to our fathers “just as he promised our ancestors he would do.” This phrase supplies background information about God’s promise to Abraham. Alternate translation: “because he promised our ancestors he would be merciful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 1 55 by4a τῷ σπέρματι αὐτοῦ 1 his descendants “Abraham’s descendants” LUK 1 56 qi11 0 Connecting Statement: Elizabeth delivers her baby and then Zechariah names their baby. LUK 1 56 nt87 ὑπέστρεψεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτῆς 1 then returned to her home “Mary returned to her (Mary’s) house” or “Mary returned to her own house” LUK 1 57 hfk3 δὲ 1 Now This word marks the beginning of the next event in the story. LUK 1 57 dd2i τοῦ τεκεῖν αὐτήν 1 to deliver her baby “give birth to her baby” LUK 1 58 ep8k οἱ περίοικοι καὶ οἱ συγγενεῖς αὐτῆς 1 Her neighbors and her relatives “Elizabeth’s neighbors and relatives” LUK 1 58 j2xc ἐμεγάλυνεν…τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ μετ’ αὐτῆς 1 had shown his great mercy to her “been very kind to her” LUK 1 59 f4ul writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 Now it happened This phrase is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Luke starts to tell a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 1 59 gm1k translate-ordinal ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ὀγδόῃ 1 on the eighth day Here “eighth day” refers to the time after the birth of the baby, counted from the first day, which was the day he was born. Alternate translation: “on the eighth day of the baby’s life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LUK 1 59 ya7d figs-explicit ἦλθον περιτεμεῖν τὸ παιδίον 1 that they came to circumcise the child This was often a ceremony where one person circumcised the baby and friends were there to celebrate with the family. Alternate translation: “they came for the baby’s circumcision ceremony” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 1 59 ip8w ἐκάλουν αὐτὸ 1 They would have named him “They were going to name him” or “They wanted to give him the name” LUK 1 59 fzu1 ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ 1 after the name of his father “his father’s name” LUK 1 61 t4e7 τῷ ὀνόματι τούτῳ 1 by this name “by that name” or “by the same name” LUK 1 62 y652 ἐνένευον 1 They made signs This refers to the people who were there for the circumcision ceremony. LUK 1 62 ium2 ἐνένευον 1 They made signs “motioned.” Either Zechariah was unable to hear, as well as speak, or the people assumed that he could not hear. LUK 1 62 nf8w τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ 1 to his father “to the baby’s father” LUK 1 62 w3kq τὸ τί ἂν θέλοι καλεῖσθαι αὐτό 1 as to what he wanted him to be named “what name Zechariah wanted to give the baby” LUK 1 63 gn28 figs-explicit καὶ αἰτήσας πινακίδιον 1 His father asked for a writing tablet It may be helpful to state how Zechariah “asked,” since he could not speak. Alternate translation: “His father used his hands to show the people that he wanted them to give him a writing tablet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 1 63 qu93 πινακίδιον 1 a writing tablet “something on which to write” LUK 1 63 pkc8 ἐθαύμασαν 1 they were astonished greatly surprised or amazed LUK 1 64 sdg1 figs-idiom ἀνεῴχθη…τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ…καὶ ἡ γλῶσσα αὐτοῦ 1 his mouth was opened and his tongue was freed These two phrases are word pictures that together emphasize that Zechariah was suddenly able to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) LUK 1 64 mi2u figs-activepassive ἀνεῴχθη…τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ…καὶ ἡ γλῶσσα αὐτοῦ 1 his mouth was opened and his tongue was freed These phrases can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God opened his mouth and freed his tongue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 1 65 qw1j figs-explicit καὶ ἐγένετο ἐπὶ πάντας φόβος, τοὺς περιοικοῦντας αὐτούς 1 Fear came on all who lived around them “All who lived around Zechariah and Elizabeth were afraid.” It may be helpful to state clearly why they were afraid. Alternate translation: “All who lived around them were in awe of God because he had done this to Zechariah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 1 65 g7uh figs-hyperbole πάντας…τοὺς περιοικοῦντας αὐτούς 1 all those who heard these things The word “all” here is a generalization. Alternate translation: “those who lived around them” or “many who lived in that area” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 1 65 pz97 figs-metaphor ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ ὀρεινῇ τῆς Ἰουδαίας διελαλεῖτο πάντα τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα 1 all these matters were being talked about throughout all the hill country of Judea The phrase “these matters were spread” is a metaphor for people talking about them. The passive verb here can also be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “All these matters were talked about by people throughout all the hill country of Judea” or “People throughout the hill country of Judea talked about all these matters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 1 66 c7xf πάντες οἱ ἀκούσαντες 1 All those who heard these things “All who heard about these matters” LUK 1 66 l6lt figs-metaphor ἔθεντο…ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῶν 1 stored them in their hearts Thinking often about things that have happened is spoken of as putting those things safely in their hearts. Alternate translation: “thought carefully about these matters” or “thought a lot about these events” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 1 66 dj7y τῇ καρδίᾳ…λέγοντες 1 in their hearts, saying “hearts. They asked” LUK 1 66 dgq4 figs-rquestion τί ἄρα τὸ παιδίον τοῦτο ἔσται? 1 What then will this child become? “What kind of great person will this baby grow up to be?” It is also possible that this question was meant to be a statement of their surprise at what they had heard about the baby. Alternate translation: “What a great man this child will be!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 1 66 xm9c figs-metonymy χεὶρ Κυρίου ἦν μετ’ αὐτοῦ 1 the hand of the Lord was with him The phrase “the hand of the Lord” refers to the Lord’s power. Alternate translation: “the Lord’s power was with him” or “the Lord was working in him powerfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 1 67 khf6 0 Connecting Statement: Zechariah tells what will happen with his son John. LUK 1 67 lvd6 figs-activepassive Ζαχαρίας ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ, ἐπλήσθη Πνεύματος Ἁγίου καὶ ἐπροφήτευσεν 1 his father Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit and prophesied This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Holy Spirit filled his father Zechariah, and Zachariah prophesied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 1 67 ibw6 ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ 1 his father John’s father LUK 1 67 fs5y figs-quotations ἐπροφήτευσεν λέγων 1 prophesied, saying Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotes in your language. Alternate translation: “prophesied and said” or “prophesied, and this is what he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) LUK 1 68 jx5n figs-explicit ὁ Θεὸς τοῦ Ἰσραήλ 1 the God of Israel “Israel” here refers to the nation of Israel. The relationship between God and Israel could be stated more directly. Alternate translation: “the God who reigns over Israel” or “the God whom Israel worships” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 1 68 d67v τῷ λαῷ αὐτοῦ 1 his people “God’s people” LUK 1 69 g11u figs-metaphor ἤγειρεν κέρας σωτηρίας ἡμῖν 1 He has raised up a horn of salvation for us The horn of an animal is a symbol of its power to defend itself. To raise up here is to bring into existence or to enable to act. The Messiah is spoken of as if he were a horn with the power to save Israel. Alternate translation: “He has brought to us someone with the power to save us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 1 69 fb9f figs-metonymy ἐν οἴκῳ Δαυεὶδ, παιδὸς αὐτοῦ 1 in the house of his servant David David’s “house” here represents his family, specifically, his descendants. Alternate translation: “in the family of his servant David” or “who is a descendant of his servant David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 1 70 w7sf καθὼς ἐλάλησεν 1 as he spoke “just as God said” LUK 1 70 x1q1 figs-metonymy ἐλάλησεν διὰ στόματος τῶν ἁγίων ἀπ’ αἰῶνος προφητῶν αὐτοῦ 1 he spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets from long ago God speaking by the prophets’ mouths represents God causing his prophets to say what he wanted them to say. Alternate translation: “he caused his holy prophets who lived long ago to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 1 71 d13g figs-abstractnouns σωτηρίαν ἐξ ἐχθρῶν ἡμῶν 1 salvation from our enemies The abstract noun “salvation” can be expressed with the verbs “save” or “rescue.” Alternate translation: He will save us from our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LUK 1 71 aye3 figs-parallelism ἐχθρῶν ἡμῶν…πάντων τῶν μισούντων ἡμᾶς 1 our enemies…of all those who hate us These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how strongly their enemies are against them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) LUK 1 71 c6n9 figs-metonymy χειρὸς 1 hand The hand is a metonym for the power that the person uses the hand to exercise. Alternate translation: “power” or “control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 1 72 w97a ἔλεος μετὰ 1 to show mercy to “to be merciful to” or “to act according to his mercy toward” LUK 1 72 z5wj μνησθῆναι 1 to remember Here the word “remember” means to keep a commitment or fulfill something. LUK 1 73 fv4b ὅρκον ὃν ὤμοσεν 1 the oath that he swore These words refer to “his holy covenant” (verse 72). LUK 1 73 sk92 τοῦ δοῦναι ἡμῖν 1 to grant to us “to make it possible for us” LUK 1 74 f4e4 figs-activepassive ἀφόβως, ἐκ χειρὸς ἐχθρῶν ῥυσθέντας, λατρεύειν αὐτῷ 1 that we, having been delivered out of the hand of our enemies, would serve him without fear This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that we would serve him without fear after he rescued us from the hand of our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 1 74 gm55 figs-metonymy ἐκ χειρὸς ἐχθρῶν 1 out of the hand of our enemies Here “hand” refers to the control or power a person. This could be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “from the control of our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 1 74 v55j figs-ellipsis ἀφόβως 1 without fear This refers back to the fear of their enemies. Alternate translation: “without being afraid of our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 1 75 l5n2 figs-abstractnouns ἐν ὁσιότητι καὶ δικαιοσύνῃ 1 in holiness and righteousness This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “holiness” and “righteousness.” Possible meanings are 1) we would serve God in holy and righteous ways. Alternate translation: “doing what is holy and righteous” or 2) we would be holy and righteous. Alternate translation: “being holy and righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LUK 1 75 tn5i figs-idiom ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ 1 before him This is an idiom which means “in his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 1 76 f6r1 καὶ σὺ δέ 1 And indeed, you Zechariah uses this phrase to begin his direct address to his son. You may have a similar way to direct speech in your language. LUK 1 76 h2vh figs-activepassive σὺ…παιδίον, προφήτης…κληθήσῃ 1 you, child, will be called a prophet People will realize that he is a prophet. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will know that you are a prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 1 76 bb3g figs-euphemism Ὑψίστου 1 of the Most High These words are a euphemism for God. Alternate translation: “who serves the Most High” or “who speaks for God Most High” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) LUK 1 76 i1z5 προπορεύσῃ…ἐνώπιον Κυρίου 1 you will go before the Lord Before the Lord comes, he will go and announce to the people that the Lord will come to them. See how you translated this in [Luke 1:17](../01/17.md). LUK 1 76 de7t figs-idiom ἐνώπιον Κυρίου 1 before the Lord “the face of” someone can be an idiom that refers to the that person’s presence. It is sometimes omitted in translation. Alternate translation: “the Lord” See how you translated this in [Luke 1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 1 76 z5fg figs-metaphor ἑτοιμάσαι ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ 1 to prepare his paths This is a metaphor that means that John will prepare the people to listen to and believe the Lord’s message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 1 77 t6d3 figs-metonymy τοῦ δοῦναι γνῶσιν σωτηρίας…ἐν ἀφέσει ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν 1 to give knowledge of salvation…by the forgiveness of their sins The phrase “give knowledge” is a metaphor for teaching. The abstract nouns “salvation” and “forgiveness” can be expressed with the verbs “save” and “forgive.” Alternate translation: “to teach his people salvation through the forgiveness of their sins” or “to teach his people how God saves people by forgiving their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LUK 1 78 vnp1 figs-explicit διὰ σπλάγχνα ἐλέους Θεοῦ ἡμῶν 1 because of the tender mercy of our God It might be helpful to state that God’s mercy helps people. Alternate translation: “because God is compassionate and merciful to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 1 78 z861 figs-metaphor ἀνατολὴ ἐξ ὕψους 1 the sunrise from on high Light is often a metaphor for truth. Here, the spiritual truth the Savior will provide is spoken of as if it is a sunrise that lights up the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 1 79 sh2q figs-metaphor ἐπιφᾶναι 1 to shine Light is often a metaphor for truth. Here, the spiritual truth that the Savior will provide is spoken of as if it is a sunrise that lights up the earth (verse 78). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 1 79 bdp4 ἐπιφᾶναι 1 to shine “give knowledge to” or “give spiritual light to” LUK 1 79 fu3r figs-metaphor τοῖς ἐν σκότει…καθημένοις 1 those who sit in darkness Darkness is here a metaphor for the absence of spiritual truth. Here, people who lack spiritual truth are spoken of as if they are sitting in darkness. Alternate translation: “people who do not know the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 1 79 cnh7 figs-doublet ἐν σκότει καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου 1 in darkness and in the shadow of death These two phrases work together to emphasize the deep spiritual darkness of people before God shows them mercy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) LUK 1 79 k46q figs-idiom σκιᾷ θανάτου 1 in the shadow of death The shadow often represents something that is about to happen. Here, it refers to approaching death. Alternate translation: “who are about to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 1 79 s3eb figs-metaphor κατευθῦναι τοὺς πόδας ἡμῶν εἰς ὁδὸν εἰρήνης 1 to guide our feet into the path of peace Here “guide” is a metaphor for teaching, and “path of peace” is a metaphor for living at peace with God. The phrase “our feet” is a synecdoche that represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “teach us how to live at peace with God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LUK 1 80 a324 0 General Information: This tells briefly about John’s growing years. LUK 1 80 q2ax δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Luke quickly moves from the birth of John to the beginning of his ministry as an adult. LUK 1 80 a8bz ἐκραταιοῦτο πνεύματι 1 became strong in spirit “became spiritually mature” or “strengthened his relationship with God” LUK 1 80 eh9j ἦν ἐν ταῖς ἐρήμοις 1 was in the wilderness “lived in the wilderness.” Luke does not say at what age John began to live in the wilderness. LUK 1 80 qu12 ἕως 1 until This does not necessarily mark a stopping point. John continued to live out in the desert even after he started preaching publicly. LUK 1 80 s1nm ἡμέρας ἀναδείξεως αὐτοῦ 1 the day of his public appearance “when he began to preach in public” LUK 1 80 ie4l ἡμέρας 1 the day This is used here in the general sense of “the time” or “the occasion.” LUK 2 intro dw6t 0 # Luke 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 2:14, 29-32.<br> LUK 2 1 u9xq 0 General Information: This gives background to show why Mary and Joseph have to move at the time of Jesus’ birth. LUK 2 1 c887 writing-newevent δὲ 1 Now This word marks the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 2 1 e9m5 ἐγένετο 1 it came about that This phrase is used to show that this is the beginning of an account. If your language has a way of showing the start of an account, you may use that. Some versions do not include this phrase. LUK 2 1 jtz3 translate-names Καίσαρος Αὐγούστου 1 Caesar Augustus “King Augustus” or “Emperor Augustus.” Augustus was the first emperor of the Roman Empire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 2 1 gda6 figs-idiom ἐξῆλθεν δόγμα 1 a decree went out This command was probably carried by messengers throughout the empire. Alternate translation: “sent messengers with a decree ordering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 2 1 tk59 figs-activepassive ἀπογράφεσθαι πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκουμένην 1 that a census be taken of all the people in the world This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that they register all the people living in the world” or “that they count all the people in the world and write down their names” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 2 1 m39d figs-synecdoche τὴν οἰκουμένην 1 the world Here the word “world” represents only the part of the world that Caesar August ruled. Alternate translation: “the Empire” or “the Roman world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LUK 2 2 q9zw translate-names Κυρηνίου 1 Quirinius Quirinius was appointed to be the governor of Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 2 3 s4im ἐπορεύοντο πάντες 1 everyone went “everyone started off” or “everyone was going” LUK 2 3 h5e2 figs-explicit τὴν ἑαυτοῦ πόλιν 1 his own city This refers to the cities where people’s ancestors lived. People may have lived in a different city. Alternate translation: “the city in which his ancestors lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 2 3 d64g ἀπογράφεσθαι 1 to be registered “to have their names written in the register” or “to be included in the official count” LUK 2 4 r81u translate-versebridge 0 General Information: The UST rearranges these two verses into a verse bridge in order to make it easier to shorten the sentences. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) LUK 2 4 tp65 writing-participants καὶ Ἰωσὴφ 1 Joseph also This introduces Joseph as a new participant in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 2 4 kz78 figs-explicit εἰς πόλιν Δαυεὶδ, ἥτις καλεῖται Βηθλέεμ 1 to the city of David which is called Bethlehem The phrase “the city of David” was a name for Bethlehem that tells why Bethlehem was important. Although it was a small town, King David was born there, and there was a prophecy that the Messiah would be born there. Alternate translation: “to Bethlehem, the city of King David” or “to Bethlehem, the town where King David was born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 2 4 s7a7 διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν ἐξ οἴκου καὶ πατριᾶς Δαυείδ 1 because he was of the house and family line of David “because Joseph was a descendant of David” LUK 2 5 ktz2 ἀπογράψασθαι 1 He went to register This means to report to the officials there so they could include him in the count. Use a term for an official government count if possible. LUK 2 5 t5as writing-participants σὺν Μαριὰμ 1 with Mary Mary traveled with Joseph from Nazareth. It is likely that women were also taxed, so Mary would have needed to travel and be registered as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 2 5 ne7a τῇ ἐμνηστευμένῃ αὐτῷ 1 who was engaged to him “his fiancee” or “who was promised to him.” An engaged couple was considered legally married, but there would not have been physical intimacy between them. LUK 2 6 ti1x translate-versebridge 0 General Information: The UST rearranges these verses into a verse bridge in order to keep together the details about the place they stayed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) LUK 2 6 yj96 0 Connecting Statement: This tells of the birth of Jesus and the announcement by the angels to the shepherds. LUK 2 6 qw6j writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 Now it came about that This phrase marks the beginning of the next event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 2 6 w4is ἐν τῷ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἐκεῖ 1 while they were there “while Mary and Joseph were in Bethlehem” LUK 2 6 zr62 ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ τεκεῖν αὐτήν 1 the time came for the birth of her baby “it was time to give birth to her baby” LUK 2 7 qq48 figs-explicit ἐσπαργάνωσεν αὐτὸν 1 wrapped him in long strips of cloth In some cultures mothers comfort their babies by wrapping them tightly in cloth or a blanket. Alternate translation: “wrapped cloths firmly around him” or “wrapped him tightly in a blanket” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 2 7 s97r ἀνέκλινεν αὐτὸν ἐν φάτνῃ 1 laid him in a manger This was some kind of box or frame that people put hay or other food in for animals to eat. It was most likely clean and may have had something soft and dry like hay in it as a cushion for the baby. Animals were often kept near the home to keep them secure and to feed them easily. Mary and Joseph stayed in a room that was used for animals. LUK 2 7 yj6j writing-background οὐκ ἦν αὐτοῖς τόπος ἐν τῷ καταλύματι 1 there was no room for them in the inn “there was no space for them to stay in the guest room.” This was probably because so many people went to Bethlehem to register. Luke adds this as background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 2 9 x1y4 ἄγγελος Κυρίου 1 An angel of the Lord “An angel from the Lord” or “An angel who served the Lord” LUK 2 9 u2di ἐπέστη αὐτοῖς 1 appeared to them “came to the shepherds” LUK 2 9 ca2k δόξα Κυρίου 1 the glory of the Lord The source of the bright light was the glory of the Lord, which appeared at the same time as the angel. LUK 2 10 hnr7 μὴ φοβεῖσθε 1 Do not be afraid “Stop being afraid” LUK 2 10 pw8t χαρὰν μεγάλην, ἥτις ἔσται παντὶ τῷ λαῷ 1 great joy, which will be to all the people “that will make all the people very happy” LUK 2 10 adz8 παντὶ τῷ λαῷ 1 all the people Some understand this to refer to the Jewish people. Others understand it to refer to all people. LUK 2 11 z9m2 πόλει Δαυείδ 1 the city of David This refers to Bethlehem. LUK 2 12 yj15 figs-activepassive καὶ τοῦτο ὑμῖν τὸ σημεῖον 1 This will be the sign to you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will give you this sign” or “You will see this sign from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 2 12 snr9 τὸ σημεῖον 1 the sign “the proof.” This could either be a sign to prove that what the angel was saying was true, or it could be a sign that would help the shepherds recognize the baby. LUK 2 12 xx57 figs-explicit ἐσπαργανωμένον 1 wrapped in strips of cloth This was the normal way that mothers protected and cared for their babies in that culture. See how you translated this in [Luke 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “wrapped firmly in a warm blanket” or “wrapped comfortably in a blanket” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 2 12 bua3 κείμενον ἐν φάτνῃ 1 lying in a manger This was some kind of box or frame that people put hay or other food in for animals to eat. See how you translated this in [Luke 2:7](../02/07.md). LUK 2 13 b54a figs-metaphor πλῆθος στρατιᾶς οὐρανίου 1 a great multitude from heavena multitude of the heavenly army These words could refer to a literal army of angels, or it could be a metaphor for an organized group of angels. Alternate translation: “a large group of angels from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 2 13 e2gp αἰνούντων τὸν Θεὸν 1 praising God “giving praise to God” LUK 2 14 p1fm δόξα ἐν ὑψίστοις Θεῷ 1 Glory to God in the highest Possible meanings are 1) “Give honor to God in the highest place” or 2) “Give the highest honor to God.” LUK 2 14 y2b3 ἐπὶ γῆς εἰρήνη ἐν ἀνθρώποις εὐδοκίας 1 on earth, peace among people with whom he is pleased “may those people on earth with whom God is pleased have peace” LUK 2 15 au2m καὶ ἐγένετο 1 It came about that This phrase is used to mark a shift in the story to what the shepherds did after the angels left. LUK 2 15 t355 ἀπ’ αὐτῶν 1 from them “from the shepherds” LUK 2 15 r1mp πρὸς ἀλλήλους 1 to each other “to one another” LUK 2 15 s4js figs-inclusive διέλθωμεν…ἡμῖν 1 Let us go…to us Since the shepherds were speaking to one another, languages that have inclusive forms for “we” and “us” should use the inclusive form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) LUK 2 15 ps2r διέλθωμεν 1 Let us go “We should” LUK 2 15 b5xu τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο τὸ γεγονὸς 1 this thing that has happened This refers to the birth of the baby, and not to the appearance of the angels. LUK 2 16 rdi2 κείμενον ἐν τῇ φάτνῃ 1 lying in the manger A manger is a box or frame that people put hay or other food in for animals to eat. See how you translated this in [Luke 2:7](../02/07.md). LUK 2 17 n2qz figs-activepassive οῦ ῥήματος τοῦ λαληθέντος αὐτοῖς 1 the message that had been told to them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what the angels had told the shepherds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 2 17 zr1i τοῦ παιδίου τούτου 1 this child “the baby” LUK 2 18 vh9d figs-activepassive τῶν λαληθέντων ὑπὸ τῶν ποιμένων πρὸς αὐτούς 1 the things that were spoken to them by the shepherds This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what the shepherds told them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 2 19 reb7 figs-metaphor συμβάλλουσα ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς 1 pondering them in her heart A person who thinks is something is very valuable or precious is “treasuring” it. Mary considered the things she was told about her son to be very precious. Alternate translation: “carefully remembering them” or “joyfully remembering them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 2 20 nqv7 ὑπέστρεψαν οἱ ποιμένες 1 shepherds returned “shepherds went back to the sheep” LUK 2 20 c9x5 figs-doublet δοξάζοντες καὶ αἰνοῦντες τὸν Θεὸν 1 glorifying and praising God These are very similar and emphasize how excited they were about what God had done. Alternate translation: “talking about and praising God’s greatness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) LUK 2 21 y6ih 0 General Information: The laws God gave the Jewish believers told them when to circumcise a boy baby and what sacrifice the parents had to bring. LUK 2 21 ud24 writing-newevent ὅτε ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ 1 when eight days had passed This phrase shows the passing of time before this new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 2 21 b2k2 ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ 1 eight days had passed “the end of the eighth day of his life.” The day he was born was counted as the first day. LUK 2 21 u6sw ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ 1 his name was called Joseph and Mary gave him his name. LUK 2 21 km8b figs-activepassive τὸ κληθὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀγγέλου 1 which he had been called by the angel This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the name the angel had called him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 2 22 a2t3 writing-newevent ὅτε ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ αὐτῶν 1 when the days of their purification had passed This shows the passing of time before this new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 2 22 q9yb figs-activepassive αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ αὐτῶν 1 the days of their purification This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the number of days that God required” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 2 22 b65l figs-explicit τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ αὐτῶν 1 of their purification “for them to become ceremonially clean.” You can also state God’s role. Alternate translation: “for God to consider them to be clean again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 2 22 lr25 παραστῆσαι τῷ Κυρίῳ 1 to present him to the Lord “to bring him to the Lord” or “to bring him into the Lord’s presence.” This was a ceremony acknowledging God’s claim on the firstborn children who were male. LUK 2 23 vlb3 figs-activepassive καθὼς γέγραπται 1 As it is written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “As Moses wrote” or “They did this because Moses wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 2 23 lnn1 figs-idiom πᾶν ἄρσεν διανοῖγον μήτραν 1 Every male who opens the womb “open the womb” here is an idiom that refers to the first baby coming out of the womb. This referred to both animals and people. Alternate translation: “Every firstborn offspring who is a male” or “Every firstborn son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 2 24 ni3s τὸ εἰρημένον ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Κυρίου 1 what was said in the law of the Lord “that which the law of the Lord also says.” This is a different place in the law. It refers to all males, whether firstborn or not. LUK 2 25 st2e 0 Connecting Statement: When Mary and Joseph are at the temple, they meet two people: Simeon, who praises God and gives a prophecy about the child, and the prophetess Anna. LUK 2 25 ytp9 writing-participants ἰδοὺ 1 Behold The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 2 25 n263 δίκαιος καὶ εὐλαβής 1 was righteous and devout These abstract terms can be expressed as actions. Alternate translation: “did what was right and feared God” or “obeyed God’s laws and feared God” LUK 2 25 m5au figs-metonymy παράκλησιν τοῦ Ἰσραήλ 1 the consolation of Israel The word “Israel” is a metonym for the people of Israel. To “console” someone is to give them comfort, or “consolation.” The words “consolation of Israel” are a metonym for the Christ or Messiah who would comfort or bring consolation to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the one who would comfort the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 2 25 xxw9 Πνεῦμα ἦν Ἅγιον ἐπ’ αὐτόν 1 the Holy Spirit was upon him “the Holy Spirit was with him.” God was with him in a special way and gave him wisdom and direction in his life. LUK 2 26 psf8 figs-activepassive καὶ ἦν αὐτῷ κεχρηματισμένον ὑπὸ τοῦ Πνεύματος τοῦ Ἁγίου 1 It had been revealed to him by the Holy Spirit This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Holy Spirit had shown him” or “The Holy Spirit had told him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 2 26 e6vu μὴ ἰδεῖν θάνατον πρὶν ἂν ἴδῃ τὸν Χριστὸν Κυρίου 1 he would not see death before he had seen the Lord’s Christ “he would see the Lord’s Messiah before he died” LUK 2 27 k53l figs-activepassive καὶ ἦλθεν ἐν τῷ Πνεύματι 1 He came in the Spirit This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “As the Holy Spirit directed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 2 27 uqr6 ἦλθεν 1 He came Some languages may say “went.” LUK 2 27 y8la figs-explicit εἰς τὸ ἱερόν 1 into the temple “into the temple courtyard.” Only priests could enter the temple building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 2 27 wt3r τοὺς γονεῖς 1 the parents “Jesus’ parents” LUK 2 27 h444 τὸ εἰθισμένον τοῦ νόμου 1 what was the custom of the law “the custom of the law of God” LUK 2 28 y5g6 αὐτὸς ἐδέξατο αὐτὸ εἰς τὰς ἀγκάλας 1 he took him into his arms “Simeon took the infant Jesus into his arms” or “Simeon held Jesus in his arms” LUK 2 29 m6eg νῦν ἀπολύεις τὸν δοῦλόν σου…ἐν εἰρήνῃ 1 Now let your servant depart in peace “I am your servant; let me depart in peace.” Simeon was referring to himself. LUK 2 29 g3wn figs-euphemism ἀπολύεις 1 let…depart This is a euphemism meaning “die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) LUK 2 29 e8fk figs-metonymy κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμά σου 1 according to your word “Word” here is a metonym for “promise.” Alternate translation: “as you have promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 2 30 b7i6 figs-synecdoche εἶδον οἱ ὀφθαλμοί μου 1 my eyes have seen This expression means, “I have personally seen” or “I, myself, have seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LUK 2 30 ekw3 figs-metonymy τὸ σωτήριόν σου 1 your salvation This expression refers to the person who would bring salvation—the infant Jesus—whom Simeon was holding. Alternate translation: “the savior whom you sent” or “the one whom you sent to save” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 2 31 zv1j ὃ ἡτοίμασας 1 which you have prepared Depending on how you translate the previous phrase, this may need to be changed to “whom you.” LUK 2 31 qa1y ἡτοίμασας 1 you have prepared “have planned” or “caused to happen” LUK 2 32 n4k3 figs-metaphor φῶς εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν ἐθνῶν 1 A light for revelation to the Gentiles This metaphor means that the child will help people to understand God’s will. The Gentiles understanding God’s will is spoken of as if it were people using physical light to see a solid object. You may need to make explicit what it is that the Gentiles will see. Alternate translation: “This child will enable the Gentiles to understand God’s will as light allows people to see clearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 2 32 s5lu figs-explicit εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν 1 for revelation It may be necessary to state what is to be revealed. Alternate translation: “that will reveal God’s truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 2 32 ur8y δόξαν λαοῦ σου, Ἰσραήλ 1 glory to your people Israel “he will be the reason that glory will come to your people Israel” LUK 2 33 pp9f figs-activepassive τοῖς λαλουμένοις περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 what was said about him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the things that Simeon said about him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 2 34 xly1 εἶπεν πρὸς Μαριὰμ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ 1 said to Mary his mother “said to the child’s mother, Mary.” Make sure it does not sound like Mary is the mother of Simeon. LUK 2 34 p2cy ἰδοὺ 1 Behold Simeon used this expression to tell Mary that what he is about to say is extremely important to her. LUK 2 34 rs67 figs-metaphor οὗτος κεῖται εἰς πτῶσιν καὶ ἀνάστασιν πολλῶν ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ 1 this one is appointed for the downfall and rising up of many people in Israel The words “downfall” and “rising up” express turning away from God and drawing closer to God. Alternate translation: “this child will cause many people in Israel to fall away from God or to rise closer to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 2 34 abc3 οὗτος 1 this one This refers to the baby Jesus. Alternate translation: "this child" LUK 2 34 abc4 πολλῶν 1 of many "of many people" LUK 2 35 hak5 figs-metonymy ἂν ἀποκαλυφθῶσιν ἐκ πολλῶν καρδιῶν διαλογισμοί 1 the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed Here “hearts” is a metonym for people’s inner beings. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he may reveal the thoughts of many people” or “he may reveal what many people secretly think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 2 36 kd1y writing-participants καὶ ἦν Ἅννα προφῆτις 1 A prophetess named Anna was also there This introduces a new participant into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 2 36 c7wx translate-names Φανουήλ 1 Phanuel This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 2 36 h4ql translate-numbers ἔτη ἑπτὰ 1 seven years “7 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) LUK 2 36 b9xe ἀπὸ τῆς παρθενίας αὐτῆς 1 after her virginity “after she married him” LUK 2 37 byk6 translate-numbers χήρα ἕως ἐτῶν ὀγδοήκοντα τεσσάρων 1 was a widow for eighty-four years Possible meanings are 1) she had been a widow for 84 years or 2) she was a widow and was now 84 years old. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) LUK 2 37 f2lt figs-hyperbole οὐκ ἀφίστατο τοῦ ἱεροῦ 1 never left the temple This is probably an exaggeration meaning that she spent so much time in the temple that it seemed as though she never left it. Alternate translation: “was always at the temple” or “was often at the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 2 37 a1cg νηστείαις καὶ δεήσεσιν 1 with fastings and prayers “by abstaining from food on many occasions and by offering many prayers” LUK 2 38 c9e4 ἐπιστᾶσα 1 Coming up to them “approached them” or “went to Mary and Joseph” LUK 2 38 q1ak figs-metonymy λύτρωσιν Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 the redemption of Jerusalem Here the word “redemption” is used to refer to the person who would do it. Alternate translation: “the one who would redeem Jerusalem” or “the person who would bring God’s blessings and favor back to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 2 39 xmw8 0 Connecting Statement: Mary, Joseph, and Jesus leave the town of Bethlehem and return to the city of Nazareth for his childhood. LUK 2 39 pk9z figs-activepassive τὰ κατὰ τὸν νόμον Κυρίου 1 that was according to the law of the Lord This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the law of the Lord required them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 2 39 g5vg figs-explicit πόλιν ἑαυτῶν Ναζαρέτ 1 their own town of Nazareth This phrase means they lived in Nazareth. Make sure it does not sound like they owned the town. Alternate translation: “the town of Nazareth, where they lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 2 40 qm1q πληρούμενον σοφίᾳ 1 being filled with wisdom “becoming more wise” or “learning what was wise” LUK 2 40 xr2p χάρις Θεοῦ ἦν ἐπ’ αὐτό 1 the grace of God was upon him “God blessed him” or “God was with him in a special way” LUK 2 41 eg4f 0 Connecting Statement: When Jesus is 12 years old, he goes to Jerusalem with his family. While he is there, he asks and answers questions of the temple teachers. LUK 2 41 h6fr writing-background ἐπορεύοντο οἱ γονεῖς αὐτοῦ…τῇ ἑορτῇ τοῦ Πάσχα 1 his parents went…the Festival of the Passover This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 2 41 q3f4 οἱ γονεῖς αὐτοῦ 1 his parents “Jesus’ parents” LUK 2 42 f7e7 ἀναβαινόντων αὐτῶν 1 they again went up Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem. LUK 2 42 d52y κατὰ τὸ ἔθος 1 at the customary time “at the normal time” or “as they did every year” LUK 2 42 g8aa τῆς ἑορτῆς 1 the feast This was another name for the Festival of the Passover, since it involved eating a ceremonial meal. LUK 2 43 e5en καὶ τελειωσάντων τὰς ἡμέρας 1 After they had stayed the full number of days for the feast “When the entire time for celebrating the feast was over” or “After celebrating the feast for the required number of days” LUK 2 44 y77i νομίσαντες 1 assuming that “They thought” LUK 2 44 jcz4 ἦλθον ἡμέρας ὁδὸν 1 they went a day’s journey “they traveled one day” or “they went as far as people walk in one day” LUK 2 46 llz4 καὶ ἐγένετο 1 It came about that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. LUK 2 46 yy11 figs-explicit ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ 1 in the temple This refers to the courtyard around the temple. Only the priests were allowed in the temple. Alternate translation: “in the temple courtyard” or “at the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 2 46 n1tl ἐν μέσῳ 1 in the middle This does not mean the exact center. Rather, it means “among” or “together with” or “surrounded by.” LUK 2 46 fzz6 τῶν διδασκάλων 1 the teachers “the religious teachers” or “those who taught people about God” LUK 2 47 y1i2 ἐξίσταντο δὲ πάντες οἱ ἀκούοντες αὐτοῦ 1 And all those who heard him were amazed They could not understand how a twelve-year-old boy with no religious education could answer so well. LUK 2 47 pgu4 ἐπὶ τῇ συνέσει 1 at his understanding “at how much he understood” or “that he understood so much about God” LUK 2 47 c8z3 ταῖς ἀποκρίσεσιν αὐτοῦ 1 his answers “at how well he answered them” or “that he answered their questions so well” LUK 2 48 llk9 καὶ ἰδόντες αὐτὸν 1 When they saw him “When Mary and Joseph found Jesus” LUK 2 48 f1ry figs-rquestion τί ἐποίησας ἡμῖν οὕτως? 1 why have you treated us this way? This was an indirect rebuke because he had not gone with them on the way back home. This caused them to worry about him. Alternate translation: “you should not have done this to us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 2 48 w361 ἰδοὺ 1 Look This word is often used to show the beginning of a new or important event. It also can be used to show where the action begins. If your language has a phrase that is used in this way, consider whether it would be natural to use it here. LUK 2 49 r8eh figs-rquestion τί ὅτι ἐζητεῖτέ με? 1 Why is it that you were searching for me? Jesus uses two questions to mildly rebuke his parents, and to begin to tell them that he had a purpose from his heavenly Father that they did not understand. Alternate translation: “You did not need to be concerned about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 2 49 va82 figs-rquestion οὐκ ᾔδειτε…δεῖ εἶναί με? 1 Did you not know…my Father’s house? Jesus uses this second question to try to say that his parents should have known about the purpose for which his Father sent him. Alternate translation: “You should have known…business” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 2 49 p6aj ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου 1 in my Father’s house Possible meanings are 1) Jesus meant these words literally, to indicate that he was doing the work that his Father had given him, or 2) these words are an idiom that indicate where Jesus was, “in my Father’s house.” Since the next verse says that his parents did not understand what he was telling them, it would be best not to explain it more. LUK 2 49 n76z guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου 1 my Father’s house At age 12, Jesus, the Son of God, understood that God was his real Father (not Joseph, Mary’s husband). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) LUK 2 51 h2i9 καὶ κατέβη μετ’ αὐτῶν 1 Then he went down with them “Jesus went back home with Mary and Joseph” LUK 2 51 zl2q ἦν ὑποτασσόμενος αὐτοῖς 1 was submitting to them “obeyed them” or “was always obeying them” LUK 2 51 ceu3 figs-metonymy διετήρει πάντα τὰ ῥήματα ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς 1 treasured all these things in her heart Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s mind or inner being. Alternate translation: “carefully remembered all these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 2 52 gb25 προέκοπτεν τῇ σοφίᾳ, καὶ ἡλικίᾳ 1 continued to increase in wisdom and stature “become wiser and stronger.” These refer to mental and physical growth. LUK 2 52 y5qk προέκοπτεν τῇ σοφίᾳ, καὶ ἡλικίᾳ 1 increased in favor with God and people This refers to spiritual and social growth. These could be stated separately. Alternate translation: “God blessed him more and more, and people liked him more and more” LUK 3 intro tkg5 0 # Luke 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 3:4-6, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Justice<br>John’s instructions to the soldiers and tax collectors in this chapter are not complicated. They are things that should have been obvious to them. He instructed them to live justly. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [Luke 3:12-15](./12.md))<br><br>### Genealogy<br>A genealogy is a list which records a person’s ancestors or descendants. Such lists were very important in determining who had the right be king, because the king’s authority was usually passed down or inherited from his father. It was also common for other important people to have a recorded genealogy.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Prophecy often involves the use of metaphors to express its meaning. Spiritual discernment is needed for proper interpretation of the prophecy. The prophecy of Isaiah is an extended metaphor describing the ministry of John the Baptist ([Luke 3:4-6](./04.md)). Translation is difficult. It is suggested that the translator treat each line of the ULT as a separate metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “(Herod) had John locked up in prison”<br>This event can cause confusion because the author says John was imprisoned and then says he was baptizing Jesus. The author probably uses this phrase in anticipation of Herod’s imprisonment of John. This would mean that this statement is still in the future at the time of the narrative.<br> LUK 3 1 rk9i 0 General Information: These verses give background information to tell what is happening when Jesus’ cousin John begins his ministry. LUK 3 1 m1zu 0 Connecting Statement: As the prophet Isaiah had foretold, John begins to preach good news to the people. LUK 3 1 v22w translate-names Φιλίππου…Λυσανίου 1 Philip…Lysanias These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 3 1 uv8h translate-names τῆς Ἰτουραίας καὶ Τραχωνίτιδος…τῆς Ἀβειληνῆς 1 Ituraea and Trachonitis…Abilene These are names of territories. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 3 2 d3m8 ἐπὶ ἀρχιερέως Ἅννα καὶ Καϊάφα 1 during the high priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas “while Annas and Caiaphas were serving together as the high priest.” Annas was the high priest, and the Jews continued to recognize him as such even after the Romans appointed his son-in-law, Caiaphas, to replace him as high priest. LUK 3 2 dg8p figs-metaphor ἐγένετο ῥῆμα Θεοῦ 1 the word of God came The writer speaks of God’s message as though it were a person who moved toward those who heard it. Alternate translation: “God spoke his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 3 3 w2pu figs-abstractnouns κηρύσσων βάπτισμα μετανοίας 1 preaching a baptism of repentance The terms “baptism” and “repentance” could be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “and he preached that people should be baptized to show that they were repenting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LUK 3 3 cnm1 figs-abstractnouns εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν 1 for the forgiveness of sins They would repent so that God would forgive their sins. The term “forgiveness” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “so that their sins would be forgiven” or “so that God would forgive their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LUK 3 4 e1k1 0 General Information: The author, Luke, quotes a passage from Isaiah the prophet concerning John the Baptist. LUK 3 4 zf6m figs-activepassive ὡς γέγραπται ἐν βίβλῳ λόγων Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου 1 As it is written in the book of the words of Isaiah the prophet These words introduce a quotation from the prophet Isaiah. They can be stated in active form, and the missing words can be supplied. Alternate translation: “This happened as Isaiah the prophet had written in the book that contains his words” or “John fulfilled the message that the prophet Isaiah had written in his book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 3 4 b86g φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ 1 A voice of one calling out in the wilderness This can be expressed as a sentence. Alternate translation: “The voice of one calling out in the wilderness is heard” or “They hear the sound of someone calling out in the wilderness” LUK 3 4 rzv1 ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου; εὐθείας ποιεῖτε τὰς τρίβους αὐτοῦ 1 Make ready the way of the Lord, make his paths straight The second command explains or adds more detail to the first. LUK 3 4 h9xl figs-metaphor ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου 1 Make ready the way of the Lord “Get the road ready for the Lord.” Doing this represents preparing to hear the Lord’s message when he comes. People do this by repenting of their sins. Alternate translation: “Prepare to hear the Lord’s message when he comes” or “Repent and be ready for the Lord to come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 3 4 v967 τὴν ὁδὸν 1 the way “the path” or “the road” LUK 3 5 wk8m figs-metaphor πᾶσα φάραγξ πληρωθήσεται, καὶ πᾶν ὄρος καὶ βουνὸς ταπεινωθήσεται 1 Every valley will be filled…every mountain and hill will be made low When people prepare the road for an important person who is coming, they cut down the high places and fill in the low places so that the road will be level. This is part of the metaphor started in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 3 5 e52x figs-activepassive πᾶσα φάραγξ πληρωθήσεται 1 Every valley will be filled This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They will fill in every low place in the road” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 3 5 s66m figs-activepassive πᾶν ὄρος καὶ βουνὸς ταπεινωθήσεται 1 every mountain and hill will be made low This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will level every mountain and hill” or “they will remove every high place in the road” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 3 6 du1b figs-abstractnouns ὄψεται…τὸ σωτήριον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 will see the salvation of God This can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “learn how God saves people from sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LUK 3 7 sxn9 figs-activepassive βαπτισθῆναι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 to be baptized by him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for John to baptize them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 3 7 b724 figs-metaphor γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν 1 You offspring of vipers This is a metaphor. Here “offspring” means “having the characteristic of.” Vipers are poisonous snakes that are dangerous and represent evil. Alternate translation: “You evil poisonous snakes” or “You are evil, like poisonous snakes (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 3 7 mcq5 figs-rquestion τίς ὑπέδειξεν ὑμῖν φυγεῖν ἀπὸ τῆς μελλούσης ὀργῆς? 1 Who warned you to run away from the wrath that is coming? He was not really expecting them to answer. John was rebuking the people because they were asking him to baptize them so that God would not punish them, but they did not want to stop sinning. Alternate translation: “You cannot flee from God’s wrath like this!” or “You cannot escape from God’s wrath just by being baptized!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 3 7 g7tw figs-metonymy ἀπὸ τῆς μελλούσης ὀργῆς 1 from the wrath that is coming The word “wrath” is used here to refer to God’s punishment because his wrath precedes it. Alternate translation: “from the punishment that God is sending” or “from God’s wrath on which he is about to act” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 3 8 pz16 figs-metaphor ποιήσατε…καρποὺς ἀξίους τῆς μετανοίας 1 produce fruits that are worthy of repentance In this metaphor, a person’s behavior is compared to fruit. Just as a plant is expected to produce fruit that is appropriate for that kind of plant, a person who says that he has repented is expected to live righteously. Alternate translation: “produce the kind of fruit that shows that you have repented” or “do the good things that show that you have turned away from your sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 3 8 uqz3 λέγειν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς 1 to say within yourselves “saying to yourselves” or “thinking” LUK 3 8 pft3 figs-explicit πατέρα ἔχομεν τὸν Ἀβραάμ 1 We have Abraham for our father “Abraham is our ancestor” or “We are Abraham’s descendants.” If it is unclear why they would say this, you may also add the implied information: “so God will not punish us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 3 8 gbp2 ἐγεῖραι τέκνα τῷ Ἀβραάμ 1 to raise up children for Abraham “create children for Abraham” LUK 3 8 pi82 ἐκ τῶν λίθων τούτων 1 from these stones John was probably referring to the actual stones along the Jordan River. LUK 3 9 r5pa figs-activepassive ἡ ἀξίνη πρὸς τὴν ῥίζαν τῶν δένδρων κεῖται 1 the ax is set against the root of the trees The ax that is in position so it can cut the roots of a tree is a metaphor for the punishment that is about to begin. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God is like the man who has placed his ax against the root of the trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 3 9 l8it figs-activepassive πᾶν…δένδρον…ἐκκόπτεται καὶ εἰς πῦρ βάλλεται 1 every tree…is chopped down and thrown into the fire “fire” here is a metaphor for punishment. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he chops down every tree…and throws it into the fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 3 10 yf3b 0 Connecting Statement: John begins to respond to questions that people in the crowd ask him. LUK 3 10 ak6i ἐπηρώτων αὐτὸν…λέγοντες 1 kept asking him, saying “asking him and said” or “asking John” LUK 3 11 g3ip ἀποκριθεὶς…ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς 1 he answered and said to them “answered them, saying” or “answered them” or “said” LUK 3 11 vuk3 figs-ellipsis ὁμοίως ποιείτω 1 should do the same “share extra food just as you shared the extra tunic.” This refers back to giving food to those in need. Alternate translation: “give food to someone who does not have any” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 3 12 pp3s figs-activepassive βαπτισθῆναι 1 to be baptized This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for John to baptize them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 3 13 v9ls μηδὲν πλέον…πράσσετε 1 Collect no more money “Do not ask for more money” or “Do not demand more money.” Tax collectors had been collecting more money than they should have been collecting. John tells them to stop doing that. LUK 3 13 m136 figs-activepassive τὸ διατεταγμένον ὑμῖν 1 than what you have been ordered to do This is passive to show that the tax collector’s authority comes from Rome. Alternate translation: “than what the Romans have authorized you to take” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 3 14 w2d8 figs-exclusive τί ποιήσωμεν καὶ ἡμεῖς? 1 And what should we do? “How about us soldiers, what must we do?” John is not included in the words “us” and “we.” The soldiers have implied that John had told the crowd and the tax collector what they must do and want to know what they as soldiers are to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) LUK 3 14 l3mz μηδὲ συκοφαντήσητε 1 do not accuse anyone falsely It seems that the soldiers were making false charges against people in order to get money. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “in the same way, do not accuse anyone falsely in order to get money from them” or “do not say that an innocent person has done something illegal” LUK 3 14 bvy5 ἀρκεῖσθε τοῖς ὀψωνίοις ὑμῶν 1 Be content with your wages “Be satisfied with your pay” LUK 3 15 pgp3 δὲ τοῦ λαοῦ 1 Now the people “because the people.” This refers to the same people who came to John. LUK 3 15 czb7 διαλογιζομένων πάντων ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν περὶ τοῦ Ἰωάννου, μήποτε αὐτὸς εἴη ὁ Χριστός 1 were all wondering in their hearts concerning John, whether he might be the Christ “everyone was unsure what to think about John; they asked themselves, ‘Could he be the Christ?’” or “no one was sure what to think about John because they were wondering whether he might be the Christ.” LUK 3 16 fn1u figs-explicit ἀπεκρίνατο λέγων πᾶσιν ὁ Ἰωάννης 1 John answered, saying to them all John’s answer about a greater person coming clearly implies that John is not the Christ. It may be helpful to state this clearly for your audience. Alternate translation: “John clarified that he was not the Christ by saying to them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 3 16 wj3h ὕδατι βαπτίζω ὑμᾶς 1 I baptize you with water “I baptize using water” or “I baptize by means of water” LUK 3 16 k3hg οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανὸς λῦσαι τὸν ἱμάντα τῶν ὑποδημάτων αὐτοῦ 1 not worthy even to untie the strap of his sandals “not important enough even to loosen the straps of his sandals.” Untying the straps of sandals was a duty of a slave. John was saying that the one who would come is so great that John was not even worthy enough to be his slave. LUK 3 16 jjp1 figs-metaphor αὐτὸς ὑμᾶς βαπτίσει ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ, καὶ πυρί 1 He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire This metaphor compares literal baptism that brings a person into contact with water to a spiritual baptism that brings them into contact with the Holy Spirit and with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 3 16 c1an figs-metaphor πυρί 1 fire Here the word “fire” may refer to 1) judgment or 2) purification. It is preferred to leave it as “fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 3 17 jzm4 figs-metaphor οὗ τὸ πτύον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ 1 His winnowing fork is in his hand “He is holding a winnowing fork because he is ready.” John speaks of the Christ coming to judge people as if he were a farmer who is ready to separate wheat grain from chaff. Alternate translation: “He is ready to judge people like a farmer who is ready” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 3 17 b1ap τὸ πτύον 1 winnowing fork This is a tool for tossing wheat into the air to separate the wheat grain from the chaff. The heavier grain falls back down and the unwanted chaff is blown away by the wind. It is similar to a pitchfork. LUK 3 17 gf8n διακαθᾶραι τὴν ἅλωνα αὐτοῦ 1 to thoroughly clear off his threshing floor The threshing floor was the place where wheat was stacked in preparation for threshing. To “clear off” the floor is to finish threshing the grain. Alternate translation: “to finish threshing his grain” LUK 3 17 gt3q συναγαγεῖν τὸν σῖτον 1 to gather the wheat The wheat is the acceptable harvest that is kept and stored. LUK 3 17 ky8j τὸ…ἄχυρον κατακαύσει 1 he will burn up the chaff The chaff is not useful for anything, so people burn it up. LUK 3 18 vpz7 writing-background 0 General Information: The story tells what is going to happen to John but has not happened at this time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 3 18 tyj9 πολλὰ μὲν οὖν καὶ ἕτερα παρακαλῶν 1 Therefore, also exhorting many other things “With many other strong urgings” LUK 3 19 jj3q ὁ…Ἡρῴδης ὁ τετράρχης 1 Herod the tetrarch Herod was a tetrarch, not a king. He had only limited rule over the region of Galilee. LUK 3 19 cu4v figs-explicit περὶ Ἡρῳδιάδος, τῆς γυναικὸς τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 concerning Herodias, the wife of his brother “because Herod married Herodias, his own brother’s wife.” This was evil because Herod’s brother was still alive. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “because he married his brother’s wife, Herodias, while his brother was still alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 3 20 p2xw figs-explicit κατέκλεισεν τὸν Ἰωάννην ἐν φυλακῇ 1 he locked John up in prison Because Herod was tetrarch, he probably locked John up by ordering his soldiers to lock John up. Alternate translation: “he had his soldiers lock John up in prison” or “he told his soldiers to put John in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 3 21 st4g figs-events 0 General Information: The previous verse says that Herod put John in prison. It might be helpful to make it clear that the account starting in verse 21 happened before John was arrested. The UST does this by starting verse 21 with “But before John was put in prison.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) LUK 3 21 his1 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins his ministry with his baptism. LUK 3 21 phe6 writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 Now it came about This phrase marks the beginning of a new event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 3 21 r2x1 figs-activepassive βαπτισθῆναι ἅπαντα τὸν λαὸν 1 when all the people were baptized “while John baptized all the people.” The phrase “all the people” refers to the people present with John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 3 21 nw1s figs-activepassive καὶ Ἰησοῦ βαπτισθέντος 1 Jesus also was baptized This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “John baptized Jesus also” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 3 21 i5zg ἀνεῳχθῆναι τὸν οὐρανὸν 1 the heavens were opened “the sky opened” or “the sky became open.” This is more than a simple clearing of clouds, but it’s not clear what it means. It possibly means that a hole appeared in the sky. LUK 3 22 b1iz καταβῆναι τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον σωματικῷ εἴδει, ὡς περιστερὰν ἐπ’ αὐτόν 1 the Holy Spirit in bodily form came down on him like a dove “in physical form the Holy Spirit came down like a dove onto Jesus” LUK 3 22 q2yh figs-metonymy φωνὴν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ γενέσθαι 1 a voice came from heaven Here “a voice came from heaven” represents people on earth hearing God in heaven speaking. It can be made clear that God spoke to Jesus. Alternate translation: “a voice from heaven said” or “God spoke to Jesus from heaven, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 3 22 h7tn guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱός μου 1 my Son This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) LUK 3 23 e9wd 0 General Information: Luke lists the ancestors of Jesus through the line of his supposed father, Joseph. LUK 3 23 uvm3 writing-background καὶ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jesus’ age and ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 3 23 d3sh translate-numbers ἐτῶν τριάκοντα 1 thirty years old “30 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) LUK 3 23 z2xa ὢν υἱός, ὡς ἐνομίζετο, Ἰωσὴφ 1 He was the son (as it was assumed) of Joseph “It was thought that he was the son of Joseph” or “People assumed that he was the son of Joseph” LUK 3 24 f8pm translate-names τοῦ Μαθθὰτ, τοῦ Λευεὶ, τοῦ Μελχεὶ, τοῦ Ἰανναὶ, τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ 1 the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Melchi, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph This continues the list that begins with the words “He was the son…of Joseph, the son of Heli” in verse 24. Consider how people normally list ancestors in your language. You should use the same wording throughout the whole list. Possible formats are 1) “He was the son…of Joseph, the son of Heli, who was the son of Matthat, who was the son of Levi, the son of Melchi, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph” or 2) “He was the son…of Joseph. Joseph was the son of Heli. Heli was the son of Matthat. Matthat was the son of Levi. Levi was the son of Melchi. Melchi was the son of Jannai. Jannai was the son of Joseph” or 3) “His father…was Joseph. Joseph’s father was Heli. Heli’s father was Matthat. Matthat’s father was Levi. Levi’s father was Melchi. Melchi’s father was Jannai. Jannai’s father was Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 3 25 xdc5 translate-names τοῦ Ματταθίου, τοῦ Ἀμὼς…Ναγγαὶ 1 the son of Mattathias, the son of Amos…Naggai This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 3 26 vt9z translate-names τοῦ Μάαθ…Ἰωδὰ 1 the son of Maath…Joda This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 3 27 z85v translate-names τοῦ Ἰωανὰν…Νηρεὶ 1 the son of Joanan…Neri This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that begins in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 3 27 c2wj τοῦ Ἰωανὰν…Σαλαθιὴλ 1 the son of Salathiel The name Salathiel may be a different spelling of the name Shealtiel (as some versions have it), but identification is difficult. LUK 3 28 yf2b translate-names τοῦ Μελχεὶ…Ἢρ 1 the son of Melchi…Er This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 3 29 led5 translate-names τοῦ Ἰησοῦ…Λευεὶ 1 the son of Joshua…Levi This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 3 30 s7aw translate-names τοῦ Συμεὼν…Ἐλιακεὶμ 1 the son of Simeon…Eliakim This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 3 31 w1m5 translate-names τοῦ Μελεὰ…Δαυεὶδ 1 the son of Melea…David This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 3 32 ed2t translate-names τοῦ Ἰεσσαὶ…Ναασσὼν 1 the son of Jesse…Nahshon This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 3 33 ur9a translate-names τοῦ Ἀμιναδὰβ…Ἰούδα 1 the son of Amminadab…Judah This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 3 34 wkq5 translate-names τοῦ Ἰακὼβ…Ναχὼρ 1 the son of Jacob…Nahor This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 3 35 jbl1 translate-names τοῦ Σεροὺχ…Σαλὰ 1 the son of Serug…Shelah This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 3 36 xit8 translate-names τοῦ Καϊνὰμ…Λάμεχ 1 the son of Cainan…Lamech This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 3 37 qev8 translate-names τοῦ Μαθουσαλὰ…Καϊνὰμ 1 the son of Methuselah…Cainan This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 3 38 ni8x translate-names τοῦ Ἐνὼς…Ἀδὰμ 1 the son of Enos…Adam This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [Luke 3:23](./23.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 3 38 ck3f Ἀδὰμ, τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Adam, the son of God “Adam, created by God” or “Adam, who was from God” or “Adam, the son, we could say, of God” LUK 4 intro r3vy 0 # Luke 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 4:10-11, 18-19, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Jesus was tempted by the devil<br>While it is true that the devil sincerely believed that he could persuade Jesus to obey him, it is important not to imply that Jesus actually ever really wanted to obey him.<br> LUK 4 1 j249 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus fasts for 40 days, and the devil meets him to try to persuade him to sin. LUK 4 1 n1xx writing-newevent Ἰησοῦς δὲ 1 Then Jesus After John had baptized Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 4 1 v18k figs-activepassive ἤγετο ἐν τῷ Πνεύματι 1 was led by the Spirit This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Spirit led him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 4 2 bls8 ἡμέρας τεσσεράκοντα πειραζόμενος 1 where for forty days he was tempted Most versions say that the temptation was throughout the forty days. The UST states “While he was there, the devil kept tempting him” to make this clear. LUK 4 2 pht2 translate-numbers ἡμέρας τεσσεράκοντα 1 forty days “40 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) LUK 4 2 hg5p figs-activepassive πειραζόμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ διαβόλου 1 where he was tempted by the devil This can be stated in active form, and you can make explicit what it was the devil tempted him to do. Alternate translation: “the devil tried to persuade him disobey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 4 2 k47d καὶ οὐκ ἔφαγεν οὐδὲν 1 He did not eat anything The word “he” refers to Jesus. LUK 4 3 y7yf guidelines-sonofgodprinciples εἰ Υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 If you are the Son of God The devil challenges Jesus to do this miracle in order to prove that he is “the Son of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) LUK 4 3 bg52 τῷ λίθῳ τούτῳ 1 this stone The devil either holds a stone in his hand or points to a nearby stone. LUK 4 4 kde3 figs-explicit καὶ ἀπεκρίθη πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ Ἰησοῦς, γέγραπται, ὅτι οὐκ ἐπ’ ἄρτῳ μόνῳ ζήσεται ὁ ἄνθρωπος. 1 Jesus answered him, “It is written…alone.’” Jesus’ rejection of the devil’s challenge is clearly implied in his answer. It may be helpful to state this clearly for your audience, as the UST does. Alternate translation: “Jesus replied, ‘No, I will not do that because it is written…alone.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 4 4 hr5a figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 It is written The quotation is from Moses’ writings in the Old Testament. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Moses has written in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 4 4 ek2z figs-synecdoche οὐκ ἐπ’ ἄρτῳ μόνῳ ζήσεται ὁ ἄνθρωπος 1 Man does not live on bread alone The word “bread” refers to food in general. Food as compared to God, by itself, is not enough to sustain a person. Jesus quotes the scripture to say why he would not turn the stone into bread. Alternate translation: “People cannot live on just bread” or “It is not just food that makes a person live” or “God says there are more important things than food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LUK 4 5 wm17 figs-explicit ἀναγαγὼν αὐτὸν 1 led him up He led Jesus up a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 4 5 jxi9 ἐν στιγμῇ χρόνου 1 in an instant of time “in an instant” or “instantly” LUK 4 6 dcx6 figs-explicit ἐμοὶ παραδέδοται 1 they have been given to me This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are that “them” refers to 1) the authority and splendor of the kingdoms or 2) the kingdoms. Alternate translation: “God has given them to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 4 7 g7h9 figs-doublet ἐὰν προσκυνήσῃς ἐνώπιον ἐμοῦ 1 if you will worship before me These two phrases are very similar. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “if you will bow down in worship to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) LUK 4 7 uca7 ἔσται σοῦ 1 it will be yours “I will give you all these kingdoms, with their splendor” LUK 4 8 m4tc figs-explicit γέγραπται 1 It is written Jesus refused to do what the devil asked. It may be helpful to state this clearly. Alternate translation: “No, I will not worship you, because it is written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 4 8 v8ca ἀποκριθεὶς…εἶπεν αὐτῷ 1 answered and said to him “responded to him” or “replied to him” LUK 4 8 xj35 figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 It is written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Moses has written in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 4 8 bch3 Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου προσκυνήσεις 1 You will worship the Lord your God Jesus was quoting a command from the scriptures to say why he would not worship the devil. LUK 4 8 q8ni figs-you προσκυνήσεις 1 You will worship This refers to the people in the Old Testament who received God’s Law. You could use the singular form of ‘you’ because each person was to obey it, or you could use the plural form of ‘you’ because all of the people were to obey it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 4 8 zt2b αὐτῷ 1 him The word “him” refers to the Lord God. LUK 4 9 j8r6 τὸ πτερύγιον 1 the very highest point This was the corner of the temple roof. If someone fell from there, they would be seriously injured or die. LUK 4 9 g2n5 εἰ Υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 If you are the Son of God The devil is challenging Jesus to prove that he is the Son of God. LUK 4 9 j9nx guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Υἱὸς…τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) LUK 4 9 i81s βάλε σεαυτὸν…κάτω 1 throw yourself down “jump down to the ground” LUK 4 10 f5dn figs-explicit γέγραπται γὰρ 1 For it is written The devil implies that his quote from the Psalms means Jesus will not be hurt if he is the Son of God. This can be stated clearly, as the UST does. Alternate translation: “You will not be hurt, because it is written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 4 10 s2g4 figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 it is written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the writer has written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 4 10 nld8 ἐντελεῖται 1 He will give orders “He” refers to God. The devil partially quoted from the Psalms in an effort to persuade Jesus to jump off the building. LUK 4 12 fy8d figs-explicit εἴρηται 1 It is said Jesus tells the devil why he will not do what the devil told him to do. His refusal to do it can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “No, I will not do that, because it is said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 4 12 cf6c figs-activepassive εἴρηται 1 It is said Jesus quotes from the writings of Moses in Deuteronomy. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Moses has said” or “Moses has said in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 4 12 gf8h οὐκ ἐκπειράσεις Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου 1 Do not put the Lord your God to the test Possible meanings are 1) Jesus should not test God by jumping off the temple, or 2) the devil should not test Jesus to see if he is the Son of God. It is best to translate the verse as stated rather than to try to explain the meaning. LUK 4 13 qqd7 ἄχρι καιροῦ 1 until an opportune time “until another occasion” LUK 4 13 nc2c figs-explicit συντελέσας πάντα πειρασμὸν 1 had finished every temptation This does not imply that the devil was successful in his temptation—Jesus resisted every attempt. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “had finished trying to persuade Jesus to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 4 14 h3fr 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus returns to Galilee, teaches in the synagogue, and tells the people there that he is fulfilling scripture of Isaiah the prophet. LUK 4 14 yfc3 writing-newevent καὶ ὑπέστρεψεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς 1 Then Jesus returned This begins a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 4 14 ht5k ἐν τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ Πνεύματος 1 in the power of the Spirit “and the Spirit was giving him power.” God was with Jesus in a special way, enabling him to do things that humans usually could not. LUK 4 14 dhj7 φήμη ἐξῆλθεν…περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 news about him spread “people spread the news about Jesus” or “people told other people about Jesus” or “knowledge about him was passed on from person to person.” Those who heard Jesus told other people about him, and then those other people told even more people about him. LUK 4 14 hah9 καθ’ ὅλης τῆς περιχώρου 1 throughout the entire surrounding region This refers to the areas or places around Galilee. LUK 4 15 ik8g δοξαζόμενος ὑπὸ πάντων 1 being praised by all “everyone said great things about him” or “all the people spoke about him in a good way” LUK 4 16 ulb1 οὗ ἦν τεθραμμένος 1 where he had been raised “where his parents had raised him” or “where he lived when he was a child” or “where he grew up” LUK 4 16 g4sv κατὰ τὸ εἰωθὸς αὐτῷ 1 according to his custom “as he did each Sabbath.” It was his usual practice to go to the synagogue on the Sabbath day. LUK 4 17 i9hn figs-activepassive καὶ ἐπεδόθη αὐτῷ βιβλίον τοῦ προφήτου Ἠσαΐου 1 The scroll of the prophet Isaiah was handed to him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone gave him the scroll of the prophet Isaiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 4 17 x52a βιβλίον τοῦ προφήτου Ἠσαΐου 1 scroll of the prophet Isaiah This refers to the book of Isaiah written on a scroll. Isaiah had written the words many years before, and someone else had copied them onto a scroll. LUK 4 17 w5s9 τὸν τόπον οὗ ἦν γεγραμμένον 1 the place where it was written “the place in the scroll with these words.” This sentence continues on into the next verse. LUK 4 18 h1rm Πνεῦμα Κυρίου ἐπ’ ἐμέ 1 The Spirit of the Lord is upon me “The Holy Spirit is with me in a special way.” When someone says this, he is claiming to speak the words of God. LUK 4 18 q96y figs-metaphor ἔχρισέν με 1 he anointed me In the Old Testament, ceremonial oil was poured on a person when they were given power and authority to do a special task. Jesus uses this metaphor to refer to the Holy Spirit being on him to prepare him for this work. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit is upon me to empower me” or “the Holy Spirit gave me power and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 4 18 l6ac πτωχοῖς 1 the poor “the poor people”” LUK 4 18 a9wn κηρύξαι αἰχμαλώτοις ἄφεσιν 1 proclaim freedom to the captives “tell people who are being held captive that they can go free” or “set free the prisoners of war” LUK 4 18 mzp4 τυφλοῖς ἀνάβλεψιν 1 recovery of sight to the blind “give sight to the blind” or “make the blind be able to see again” LUK 4 18 utq5 ἀποστεῖλαι τεθραυσμένους ἐν ἀφέσει 1 set free those who are oppressed “set free those who are treated harshly” LUK 4 19 z262 κηρύξαι ἐνιαυτὸν Κυρίου δεκτόν 1 to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor “tell everyone that the Lord is ready to bless his people” or “announce that this is the year that the Lord will show his kindness” LUK 4 20 sm11 πτύξας τὸ βιβλίον 1 he rolled up the scroll A scroll was closed by rolling it like a tube to protect the writing inside it. LUK 4 20 ehx3 τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ 1 the attendant This refers to a synagogue worker who brought out and put away with proper care and reverence the scrolls containing the scriptures. LUK 4 20 pu89 figs-idiom ἦσαν ἀτενίζοντες αὐτῷ 1 were fixed on him This idiom means “were focused on him” or “were looking intently at him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 4 21 b1ix figs-activepassive πεπλήρωται ἡ Γραφὴ αὕτη ἐν τοῖς ὠσὶν ὑμῶν 1 this scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing Jesus was saying that he was fulfilling that prophecy by his actions and speech at that very time. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am fulfilling what this scripture said right now as you are listening to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 4 21 iij8 figs-idiom ἐν τοῖς ὠσὶν ὑμῶν 1 in your hearing This idiom means “while you are listening to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 4 22 k2xi ἐθαύμαζον ἐπὶ τοῖς λόγοις τῆς χάριτος τοῖς ἐκπορευομένοις ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ 1 they were amazed at the gracious words which were coming out of his mouth “surprised about the gracious things that he was saying.” Here “gracious” may refer to 1) how well or how persuasively Jesus spoke, or 2) that Jesus spoke words about God’s grace. LUK 4 22 ty6d figs-rquestion οὐχὶ υἱός ἐστιν Ἰωσὴφ οὗτος? 1 Is this not the son of Joseph? People thought that Joseph was Jesus’ father. Joseph was not a religious leader, so they were surprised that his son would preach what he did. Alternate translation: “This is just Joseph’s son!” or “His father is only Joseph!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 4 23 dp7g 0 General Information: Nazareth is the town in which Jesus grew up. LUK 4 23 is8a πάντως 1 Surely “Certainly” or “There is no doubt that” LUK 4 23 u4ps writing-proverbs ἰατρέ, θεράπευσον σεαυτόν 1 Doctor, heal yourself If someone claims to be able to heal diseases that he himself has, there is no reason to believe he is really a doctor. People will speak this proverb to Jesus to say that they will only believe he is a prophet if they see him do what they have heard that he did in other places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) LUK 4 23 ww1w ὅσα ἠκούσαμεν…ποίησον καὶ ὧδε ἐν τῇ πατρίδι σου 1 Whatever we heard…do the same in your hometown The people of Nazareth do not believe Jesus is a prophet because of his low status as Joseph’s son. They will not believe unless they personally see him do miracles. LUK 4 24 q3a9 ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Truly I say to you “It is certainly true.” This is an emphatic statement about what follows. LUK 4 24 n2cp writing-proverbs οὐδεὶς προφήτης δεκτός ἐστιν ἐν τῇ πατρίδι αὐτοῦ 1 no prophet is received in his hometown Jesus makes this general statement in order to rebuke the people. He means that they are refusing to believe the reports of his miracles in Capernaum. They think they already know all about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) LUK 4 24 tes2 τῇ πατρίδι αὐτοῦ 1 his hometown “homeland” or “native city” or “country where he grew up” LUK 4 25 pk9q writing-background 0 General Information: Jesus reminds the people who are listening to him in the synagogue about Elijah and Elisha, who were prophets about whom they knew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 4 25 u896 ἐπ’ ἀληθείας δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν 1 But in truth I tell you “I tell you truthfully.” Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the importance, truth, and accuracy of the statement that follows. LUK 4 25 f2qt χῆραι 1 widows Widows are women whose husbands have died. LUK 4 25 g8r3 figs-explicit ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Ἠλείου 1 during the time of Elijah The people to whom Jesus was speaking would have known that Elijah was one of God’s prophets. If your readers would not know that, you can make this implicit information explicit as in the UST. Alternate translation: “when Elijah was prophesying in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 4 25 spq7 figs-metaphor ὅτε ἐκλείσθη ὁ οὐρανὸς 1 when the sky was shut up This is a metaphor. The sky is pictured as a ceiling that was closed, and so no rain would fall from it. Alternate translation: “when no rain fell down from the sky” or “when there was no rain at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 4 25 ukl6 λιμὸς μέγας 1 a great famine “a serious lack of food.” A famine is a long period of time when the crops do not produce enough food for the people. LUK 4 26 zsi6 figs-explicit εἰς Σάρεπτα…πρὸς γυναῖκα χήραν 1 to Zarephath…to a widow woman The people living in the town of Zarephath were Gentiles, not Jews. The people listening to Jesus would have understood that the people of Zarephath were Gentiles. Alternate translation: “to a Gentile widow living in Zarephath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 4 27 mbs2 translate-names Ναιμὰν ὁ Σύρος 1 Naaman the Syrian A Syrian is a person from the country of Syria. The people of Syria were Gentiles, not Jews. Alternate translation: “the Gentile Naaman from Syria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 4 28 ca1k καὶ ἐπλήσθησαν πάντες θυμοῦ ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ ἀκούοντες ταῦτα 1 Then all the people in the synagogue were filled with rage when they heard these things The people of Nazareth were deeply offended that Jesus had cited scriptures where God had helped Gentiles instead of Jews. LUK 4 29 iw5x ἐξέβαλον αὐτὸν ἔξω τῆς πόλεως 1 forced him out of the town “forced him to leave the town” or “shoved him out of the city” LUK 4 29 b6mp ὀφρύος τοῦ ὄρους 1 edge of the hill “edge of the cliff” LUK 4 30 k7dg αὐτὸς δὲ, διελθὼν διὰ μέσου αὐτῶν 1 But passing through the middle of them “through the middle of the crowd” or “between the people who were trying to kill him.” LUK 4 30 m45c ἐπορεύετο 1 he went on his way “he went away” or “he went on his way” Jesus went where he had planned to go instead of where the people were trying to force him to go. LUK 4 31 wk65 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus then goes to Capernaum, teaches the people in the synagogue there, and commands a demon to leave a man. LUK 4 31 ynf3 writing-newevent καὶ κατῆλθεν 1 Then he went down “Then Jesus.” This indicates a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 4 31 ib1l κατῆλθεν εἰς Καφαρναοὺμ 1 he went down to Capernaum The phrase “went down” is used here because Capernaum is lower in elevation than Nazareth. LUK 4 31 ky4y Καφαρναοὺμ, πόλιν τῆς Γαλιλαίας 1 Capernaum, a city in Galilee “Capernaum, another city in Galilee” LUK 4 32 qk28 καὶ ἐξεπλήσσοντο 1 They were astonished greatly surprised, greatly amazed LUK 4 32 j4ee ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ ἦν ὁ λόγος αὐτοῦ 1 his message was with authority “he spoke as one with authority” or “his words had great power” LUK 4 33 fax1 writing-participants καὶ…ἦν ἄνθρωπος 1 Now…there was a man This phrase is used to mark the introduction of a new character into the story; in this case, a demon-possessed man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 4 33 i93n ἔχων πνεῦμα δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου 1 who had the spirit of an unclean demon “who was possessed by an unclean demon” or “who was controlled by an evil spirit” LUK 4 33 e539 ἀνέκραξεν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ 1 he cried out with a loud voice “he shouted loudly” LUK 4 34 fkp2 figs-idiom τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοί 1 What do we have to do with you This belligerent response is an idiom that means: “What do we have in common?” or “What right do you have to bother us?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 4 34 y1xh figs-rquestion τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοί, Ἰησοῦ Ναζαρηνέ? 1 What do we have to do with you, Jesus of Nazareth? This question could be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “What do you, Jesus of Nazareth, have to do with us!” or We have nothing to do with you, Jesus of Nazareth!” or “You have no right to bother us, Jesus of Nazareth!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 4 35 m8es ἐπετίμησεν αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγων 1 Jesus rebuked him, saying “Jesus scolded the demon, saying” or “Jesus sternly said to the demon” LUK 4 35 me6n ἔξελθε ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 come out of him He commanded the demon to stop controlling the man. Alternate translation: “leave him alone” or “do not live in this man any longer” LUK 4 36 h7wx figs-rquestion τίς ὁ λόγος οὗτος 1 What is this message The people were expressing how amazed they were that Jesus had the authority to command demons to leave a person. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “These are amazing words!” or “His words are amazing!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 4 36 dgz3 ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ καὶ δυνάμει ἐπιτάσσει τοῖς ἀκαθάρτοις πνεύμασιν 1 He commands the unclean spirits with authority and power “He has authority and power to command the unclean spirits” LUK 4 37 q25f writing-endofstory καὶ ἐξεπορεύετο ἦχος περὶ αὐτοῦ…τῆς περιχώρου 1 So news about him began to spread…the surrounding region This is a comment about what happened after the story that was caused by the events within the story itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) LUK 4 37 xca8 ἐξεπορεύετο ἦχος περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 news about him began to spread “reports about Jesus began to spread” or “people began to spread the news about Jesus” LUK 4 38 uwy1 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus is still in Capernaum, but he is now at the house of Simon, where he heals Simon’s mother-in-law and many people. LUK 4 38 jn3a writing-newevent ἀναστὰς δὲ 1 Then he left This introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 4 38 tf3d πενθερὰ…τοῦ Σίμωνος 1 Simon’s mother-in-law “the mother of Simon’s wife” LUK 4 38 lls1 figs-idiom ἦν συνεχομένη 1 was suffering with This is an idiom that means “was very sick with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 4 38 cp21 πυρετῷ μεγάλῳ 1 a high fever “very hot skin” LUK 4 38 z3qz figs-explicit ἠρώτησαν αὐτὸν περὶ αὐτῆς 1 pleaded with him on her behalf This means they asked Jesus to heal her from the fever. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “asked Jesus to heal her from the fever” or “asked Jesus to cure her fever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 4 39 pla1 καὶ ἐπιστὰς 1 So standing The word “So” makes it clear that he did this because the people pleaded with him on behalf of Simon’s mother-in-law. LUK 4 39 v8uf ἐπιστὰς ἐπάνω αὐτῆς 1 standing over her “went to her and leaned over her” LUK 4 39 ed8r figs-explicit ἐπετίμησεν τῷ πυρετῷ, καὶ ἀφῆκεν αὐτήν 1 he rebuked the fever, and it left her “spoke sternly to the fever, and it left her” or “commanded the fever to leave her, and it did.” It may be helpful to state clearly what he told the fever to do. Alternate translation: “commanded that her skin should become cool, and it did” or “commanded the sickness to leave her, and it did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 4 39 i1gr ἐπετίμησεν τῷ πυρετῷ 1 he rebuked the fever “rebuked the hotness” LUK 4 39 qtn7 διηκόνει αὐτοῖς 1 started serving them Here this means she began to prepare food for Jesus and the other people in the house. LUK 4 40 zpk9 ἑνὶ…τὰς χεῖρας ἐπιτιθεὶς 1 laying his hands on “placed his hands on” or “touched” LUK 4 41 bp7b figs-explicit ἐξήρχετο…καὶ δαιμόνια 1 Demons also came out It is implied that Jesus made the demons leave the demon-possessed people. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Jesus also forced demons to come out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 4 41 ag15 figs-doublet κραυγάζοντα καὶ λέγοντα 1 crying out and saying These mean about the same thing, and probably refer to cries of fear or anger. Some translations use only one term. Alternate translation: “screaming” or “shouting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) LUK 4 41 dik3 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) LUK 4 41 r6pv ἐπιτιμῶν 1 He rebuked them “spoke sternly to the demons” LUK 4 41 z7ru οὐκ εἴα αὐτὰ 1 would not permit them “did not allow them to” LUK 4 42 r8zn 0 Connecting Statement: Though the people want Jesus to stay in Capernaum, he goes to preach in other Judean synagogues. LUK 4 42 rt5n γενομένης…ἡμέρας, ἐξελθὼν 1 When daybreak came “At sunrise” or “At dawn” LUK 4 42 d1pr ἔρημον τόπον 1 a solitary place “a deserted place” or “a place where there were no people” LUK 4 43 sjy1 ταῖς ἑτέραις πόλεσιν 1 to many other cities “to the people in many other cities” LUK 4 43 b45z figs-activepassive τοῦτο ἀπεστάλην 1 this is the reason I was sent here This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “this is the reason God sent me here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 4 44 s5mb τῆς Ἰουδαίας 1 Judea Since Jesus had been in Galilee, the term “Judea” here probably refers to the entire region where the Jews lived at that time. Alternate translation: “where the Jews lived” LUK 5 intro axr7 0 # Luke 05 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “You will catch men”<br><br>Peter, James, and John were fishermen. When Jesus told them that they would catch men, he was using a metaphor to tell them he wanted them to help people believe the good news about him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Sinners<br><br>When the people of Jesus’ time spoke of “sinners,” they were talking about people who did not obey the law of Moses and instead committed sins like stealing or sexual sins. When Jesus said that he came to call “sinners,” he meant that only people who believe that they are sinners can be his followers. This is true even if they are not what most people think of as “sinners.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Fasting and Feasting<br><br>People would fast, or not eat food for a long time, when they were sad or were showing God that they were sorry for their sins. When they were happy, like during weddings, they would have feasts, or meals where they would eat much food. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fast]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Hypothetical Situation<br><br>Jesus uses a hypothetical situation to condemn the Pharisees. This passage includes “people in good health” and “righteous people.” This does not mean that there are people who do not need Jesus. There are no “righteous people,” everybody needs Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [Luke 5:31-32](./31.md))<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Implicit information<br><br>In several parts of this chapter the author left some information implicit that his original readers would have understood and thought about. Modern readers might not know some of those things, so they might have trouble understanding all that the author was communicating. The UST often shows how that information can be presented so that modern readers will be able to understand those passages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Past Events<br><br>Parts of this chapter are sequences of events that have already happened. In a given passage, Luke sometimes writes as if the events have already happened while other events are still in progress (even though they are complete at the time he writes). This can cause difficulty in translation by creating an illogical order of events. It may be necessary to make these consistent by writing as if all the events have already happened.<br><br>### “Son of Man”<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([Luke 5:24](../../luk/05/24.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br> LUK 5 1 l5gy 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus preaches from Simon Peter’s boat at the lake of Gennesaret. LUK 5 1 zc8q writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 Now it happened that This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 5 1 wsf8 ἀκούειν τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 listening to the word of God Possible meanings are 1) “listening to the message God wanted them to hear” or 2) “listening to Jesus’ message about God” LUK 5 1 p6im τὴν λίμνην Γεννησαρέτ 1 the lake of Gennesaret These words refer to the Sea of Galilee. Galilee was on the west side of the lake, and the land of Gennesaret was on the east side, so it was called by both names. Some English versions translate this as the proper name of the body of water, “the Lake of Gennesaret.” LUK 5 2 t96r ἔπλυνον τὰ δίκτυα 1 were washing their nets They were cleaning their fishing nets in order to use them again to catch fish. LUK 5 3 f7z8 εἰς ἓν τῶν πλοίων, ὃ ἦν Σίμωνος 1 one of the boats, which was Simon’s “the boat belonging to Simon” LUK 5 3 liq1 ἠρώτησεν αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς ἐπαναγαγεῖν ὀλίγον 1 asked him to put it out a short distance from the land “asked Simon to move the boat farther from the shore” LUK 5 3 rc1z καθίσας…ἐδίδασκεν…τοὺς ὄχλους 1 he sat down and taught the crowds Sitting was the normal position for a teacher. LUK 5 3 vbx7 ἐδίδασκεν ἐκ τοῦ πλοίου τοὺς ὄχλους 1 taught the crowds from the boat “taught the people while he sat in the boat.” Jesus was in the boat a short distance from the shore and he was speaking to the people who were on the shore. LUK 5 4 rk9p ὡς δὲ ἐπαύσατο λαλῶν 1 When he had finished speaking “When Jesus had finished teaching the people” LUK 5 5 wbb1 ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ ῥήματί σου 1 But at your word “because you have told me to do this” LUK 5 7 n2fp κατένευσαν 1 they motioned They were too far from shore to call, so they made gestures, probably by waving their arms. LUK 5 7 pr7m figs-explicit βυθίζεσθαι αὐτά 1 they began to sink “the boats began to sink.” The reason could be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the boats began to sink because the fish were so heavy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 5 8 r8j9 translate-symaction προσέπεσεν τοῖς γόνασιν Ἰησοῦ 1 fell down at the knees of Jesus Possible meanings are 1) “knelt down before Jesus” or 2) “bowed down at Jesus’ feet” or 3) “lay down on the ground at Jesus’ feet.” Peter did not fall accidentally. He did this as a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) LUK 5 8 j67m ἀνὴρ ἁμαρτωλός 1 a sinful man The word here for “man” means “adult male” and not the more general “human being.” LUK 5 9 c2eh τῇ ἄγρᾳ τῶν ἰχθύων 1 the catch of fish “the large number of fish” LUK 5 10 k4ft κοινωνοὶ τῷ Σίμωνι 1 partners with Simon “Simon’s partners in his fishing business” LUK 5 10 u6zs figs-metaphor ἀνθρώπους ἔσῃ ζωγρῶν 1 you will be catching men The image of catching fish is being used as a metaphor for gathering people to follow Christ. Alternate translation: “you will fish for people” or “you will gather people for me” or “you will bring people to be my disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 5 11 abca τὴν γῆν 1 the land "the shore" LUK 5 12 sta8 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus heals a leper in a different city that is not named. LUK 5 12 j1xy writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 It came about that This phrase marks a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 5 12 r35h writing-participants ἀνὴρ πλήρης λέπρας 1 a man full of leprosy “a man who was covered with leprosy.” This introduces a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 5 12 i3zk figs-idiom πεσὼν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον 1 he fell on his face Here “fell on his face” is an idiom that means to bow down. Alternate translation: “he knelt and touched the ground with his face” or “he bowed down to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 5 12 m4k2 ἐὰν θέλῃς 1 if you are willing “if you want to” LUK 5 12 x7ss figs-explicit δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι 1 you can make me clean It is understood that he was asking Jesus to heal him. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “please make me clean, because you are able” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 5 12 ys5f figs-explicit με καθαρίσαι 1 make me clean This refers to ceremonial cleanness, but it is understood that he is unclean because of the leprosy. He is really asking Jesus to heal him of his disease. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “heal me from leprosy so I will be clean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 5 13 abc5 figs-imperative καὶ ἐκτείνας τὴν χεῖρα, ἥψατο αὐτοῦ 1 Then he reached out his hand and touched him "Then Jesus reached out his hand and touched the man" LUK 5 13 ziz1 figs-explicit καθαρίσθητι 1 Be clean This was not a command that the man was supposed to obey. Instead, this was a command that directly caused the man to be healed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) LUK 5 13 l48a ἡ λέπρα ἀπῆλθεν ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 the leprosy left him “he no longer had leprosy” LUK 5 14 q18t figs-quotations μηδενὶ εἰπεῖν 1 to tell no one This can be translated as a direct quote: “Do not tell anyone” There is implied information that can also be stated explicitly (AT): “do not tell anyone that you have been healed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 5 14 v1wn προσένεγκε περὶ τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ σου 1 offer a sacrifice for your cleansing The law required a person to make a specific sacrifice after they were healed. This allowed the person to be ceremonially clean, and able to again participate in religious rituals. LUK 5 14 jk14 εἰς μαρτύριον 1 for a testimony “as proof of your healing” LUK 5 14 nz37 αὐτοῖς 1 to them Possible meanings are 1) “to the priests” or 2) “to all the people.” LUK 5 15 q4t2 ὁ λόγος περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 the report about him “the news about Jesus.” This could mean either “the report about Jesus’ healing the man with leprosy” or “the report about Jesus’ healing people.” LUK 5 15 ng3z figs-activepassive διήρχετο…μᾶλλον ὁ λόγος περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 the report about him spread even farther “the report about him went out even farther.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people kept telling the news about him in other places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 5 16 sv6f ταῖς ἐρήμοις 1 the deserted places “lonely places” or “places where there were no other people” LUK 5 17 et1v 0 Connecting Statement: One day when Jesus was teaching in a building, some men brought a paralyzed man for Jesus to heal. LUK 5 17 mb8m writing-newevent ἐγένετο 1 it came about This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 5 18 cl7s writing-participants καὶ ἰδοὺ, ἄνδρες 1 Now there were some men These are new people in the story. Your language may have a way of showing that these are new people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 5 18 l9q8 κλίνης 1 a mat sleeping pad or bed or stretcher LUK 5 18 z2n2 ἦν παραλελυμένος 1 was paralyzed “could not move himself” LUK 5 18 abc6 ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ 1 in front of him "before Jesus" LUK 5 19 y491 καὶ μὴ εὑρόντες ποίας εἰσενέγκωσιν αὐτὸν διὰ τὸν ὄχλον 1 When they could not find a way to bring him in because of the crowd In some languages it might be more natural to reorder this. Alternate translation: “But because of the crowd of people, they could not find a way to bring the man inside. So” LUK 5 19 rkm6 figs-ellipsis διὰ τὸν ὄχλον 1 because of the crowd It is clear that the reason they could not enter was that the crowd was so large that there was no room for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 5 19 s7bm figs-explicit ἀναβάντες ἐπὶ τὸ δῶμα 1 they went up to the housetop Houses had flat roofs, and some houses had a ladder or staircase outside to make it easy to go up there. This can be stated. Alternate translation: “they went up to the flat roof of the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 5 19 abc7 καθῆκαν αὐτὸν 1 and let him down "and lowered the man down" LUK 5 19 l85u ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 in front of Jesus “directly in front of Jesus” or “immediately in front of Jesus” LUK 5 20 l83a figs-ellipsis καὶ ἰδὼν τὴν πίστιν αὐτῶν εἶπεν 1 Seeing their faith, he said It is understood that they believe Jesus can heal the paralyzed man. This can be stated. Alternate translation: “When Jesus perceived that they believed that he could heal the man, he said to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 5 20 z4ek ἄνθρωπε 1 Man This is a general word that people used when speaking to a man whose name they did not know. It was not rude, but it also did not show special respect. Some languages might use a word like “friend” or “sir.” LUK 5 20 c7r7 figs-activepassive ἀφέωνταί σοι αἱ ἁμαρτίαι σου 1 your sins are forgiven you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you are forgiven” or “I forgive your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 5 21 ie5h figs-ellipsis διαλογίζεσθαι 1 to question this “discuss this” or “reason about this.” What they questioned can be stated. Alternate translation: “discuss whether or not Jesus had authority to forgive sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 5 21 a86c figs-rquestion τίς ἐστιν οὗτος ὃς λαλεῖ βλασφημίας? 1 Who is this who speaks blasphemies? This question shows how shocked and angry they were at what Jesus said. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “This man is blaspheming God!” or “He blasphemes God by saying that!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 5 21 s21n figs-rquestion τίς δύναται ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας εἰ μὴ μόνος ὁ Θεός? 1 Who can forgive sins but God alone? The implied information is that if a person claims to forgive sins he says he is God. This can be written as a clear statement. Alternate translation: “No one can forgive sins but God alone!” or “God is the only one who can forgive sins!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 5 22 z4k5 ἐπιγνοὺς…τοὺς διαλογισμοὺς 1 knowing their thoughts This phrase indicates that they were reasoning silently, so that Jesus sensed rather then heard what they were thinking. LUK 5 22 et8f figs-rquestion τί διαλογίζεσθε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν? 1 Why are you questioning this in your hearts? This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not argue about this in your hearts.” or “You should not doubt that I have the authority to forgive sins.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 5 22 p2hj figs-metonymy ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 in your hearts Here “hearts” is a metonym for people’s minds or inner beings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 5 23 zid2 figs-rquestion τί ἐστιν εὐκοπώτερον, εἰπεῖν, ἀφέωνταί σοι αἱ ἁμαρτίαι σου, ἢ εἰπεῖν, ἔγειρε καὶ περιπάτει? 1 Which is easier to say…walk? Jesus uses this question to make the scribes think about what might prove whether or not he could really forgive sins. Alternate translation: “I just said ‘Your sins are forgiven you.’ You may think that it is harder to say ‘Get up and walk,’ because the proof of whether or not I can heal the man will be shown by whether or not he gets up and walks.” or “You may think that it is easier to say ‘Your sins are forgiven’ than it is to say ‘Get up and walk.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 5 23 ysw3 figs-ellipsis εὐκοπώτερον, εἰπεῖν 1 easier to say The unspoken implication is that one thing is “easier to say because no one will know what has happened,” but the other thing is “harder to say because everyone will know what has happened.” People could not see if the man’s sins were forgiven, but they would all know he was healed if he got up and walked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 5 24 ceg8 figs-you εἰδῆτε 1 you may know Jesus was speaking to the scribes and Pharisees. The word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 5 24 f1lu ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus was referring to himself. LUK 5 24 k8mk σοὶ λέγω 1 I tell you Jesus was saying this to the paralyzed man. The word “you” is singular. LUK 5 25 tn13 καὶ παραχρῆμα ἀναστὰς 1 Immediately he got up “At once he got up” or “Right away he got up” LUK 5 25 agg3 ἀναστὰς 1 he got up It may be helpful to clearly say that he was healed. Alternate translation: “the man was healed! He got up” LUK 5 26 f6tp ἐπλήσθησαν φόβου 1 were filled with fear “very afraid” or “filled with awe” LUK 5 26 s3l6 παράδοξα 1 extraordinary things “amazing things” or “strange things” LUK 5 27 w3i5 0 Connecting Statement: When Jesus leaves the house, he calls Levi, the Jewish tax collector, to follow him. Jesus annoys the Pharisees and scribes because he attends a big meal that Levi prepares for him. LUK 5 27 k6r2 writing-newevent καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα 1 After these things happened The phrase “these things” refers to what happened in the previous verses. This signals a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 5 27 abc8 ἐξῆλθεν 1 he went out "Jesus left there" LUK 5 27 xf15 ἐθεάσατο τελώνην 1 saw a tax collector “looked at a tax collector with attention” or “looked carefully at a tax collector” LUK 5 27 b3tr figs-idiom ἀκολούθει μοι 1 Follow me To “follow” someone is to become that person’s disciple. Alternate translation: “Be my disciple” or “Come, follow me as your teacher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 5 28 phw9 καταλιπὼν πάντα 1 leaving everything behind “left his work as a tax collector” LUK 5 28 abc9 αταλιπὼν πάντα, ἀναστὰς 1 leaving everything behind, he got up It may be more natural rearrange the order as, "he got up and left everything." LUK 5 28 abc0 ἀναστὰς ἠκολούθει αὐτῷ 1 he got up and began to follow him "Levi tot up and began to follow Jesus" LUK 5 29 t2j7 0 Connecting Statement: At the meal, Jesus speaks with the Pharisees and scribes. LUK 5 29 g6yt ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 in his house “in Levi’s house” LUK 5 29 ip2m figs-explicit κατακείμενοι 1 reclining at the table The Greek style of eating at a feast was to lie on a couch and prop oneself up with the left arm on some pillows. Alternate translation: “eating together” or “eating at the table” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 5 30 n82u πρὸς τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ 1 to his disciples “to Jesus’ disciples” LUK 5 30 tmm5 figs-rquestion διὰ τί…ἁμαρτωλῶν ἐσθίετε…πίνετε? 1 Why do you eat…sinners? The Pharisees and scribes ask this question to express their disapproval that Jesus’ disciples are eating with sinners. Alternate translation: “You should not eat with sinners!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 5 30 ze7y ἁμαρτωλῶν 1 sinners people who did not obey the law of Moses but committed what others thought were very bad sins LUK 5 30 pi2x figs-explicit μετὰ…ἁμαρτωλῶν ἐσθίετε καὶ πίνετε 1 you eat and drink with…sinners The Pharisees and scribes believed that religious people should separate themselves from people they consider to be sinners. The word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 5 31 t6iv writing-proverbs οἱ ὑγιαίνοντες…οἱ κακῶς ἔχοντες 1 People who are well…those who are sick Jesus uses this proverb to begin to tell them that he calls sinners to repentance the way a physician calls sick people to be healed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) LUK 5 31 bc8t ἰατροῦ 1 a physician doctor LUK 5 31 i9gn figs-ellipsis ἀλλὰ οἱ κακῶς ἔχοντες 1 but those who are sick You may need to supply the words that have been omitted. Alternate translation: “only those who are sick need a physician” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 5 32 jf2v οὐκ ἐλήλυθα καλέσαι δικαίους, ἀλλὰ ἁμαρτωλοὺς εἰς μετάνοιαν 1 I did not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance Anyone who wants to follow Jesus has to think of himself as a sinner, not as righteous. LUK 5 32 g993 figs-nominaladj δικαίους 1 the righteous This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) LUK 5 33 f6g6 οἱ…εἶπαν πρὸς αὐτόν 1 They said to him “The religious leaders said to Jesus” LUK 5 34 hxe1 figs-rquestion μὴ δύνασθε…μετ’ αὐτῶν ἐστιν ποιῆσαι νηστεύειν? 1 Can anyone make…with them? Jesus uses this question to cause the people to think about a situation that they already know. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one tells the wedding attendants of the bridegroom to fast while he is still with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 5 34 q9k2 υἱοὺς τοῦ νυμφῶνος 1 wedding attendants “guests” or “friends.” These are friends who celebrate with a man who is getting married. LUK 5 34 h58m figs-explicit τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ νυμφῶνος…νηστεύειν 1 the wedding attendants…fast Fasting is a sign of sadness. The religious leaders understood that the wedding attendants would not fast while the bridegroom was with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 5 35 z8ex ἐλεύσονται δὲ ἡμέραι καὶ ὅταν 1 But the days will indeed come when “soon” or “some day” LUK 5 35 he9p figs-metaphor ἀπαρθῇ ἀπ’ αὐτῶν ὁ νυμφίος 1 the bridegroom will be taken away from them Jesus is comparing himself to the bridegroom, and the disciples to the wedding attendants. He does not explain the metaphor, so the translation should explain it only if necessary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 5 36 a4zs figs-parables 0 General Information: Jesus tells a story to the scribes and pharisees who were at Levi’s house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) LUK 5 36 bem7 οὐδεὶς…σχίσας…ἐπιβάλλει ἐπὶ…μή γε καὶ…σχίσει 1 No one, having torn…sews it onto…he did that…he would tear “No one rips…uses it…he…he” or “People never tear…use it…they…they” LUK 5 36 qz5e ἐπιβάλλει 1 sews it repair LUK 5 36 xj2y figs-hypo εἰ…μή γε καὶ 1 If he did that This hypothetical statement explains the reason why a person would not actually mend a garment in that way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) LUK 5 36 xu7q οὐ συμφωνήσει 1 will not match “would not match” or “would not be the same as” LUK 5 37 e516 οἶνον νέον 1 new wine “grape juice.” This refers to wine that has not yet fermented. LUK 5 37 n35t ἀσκοὺς 1 wineskins These were bags made out of animal skins. They could also be called “wine bags” or “bags made of skin.” LUK 5 37 ac7w figs-explicit ῥήξει ὁ οἶνος ὁ νέος τοὺς ἀσκούς 1 the new wine would burst the wineskins When the new wine ferments and expands, it breaks the old skins because they can no longer stretch out. Jesus’ audience would have understood the information about the wine’s fermenting and expanding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 5 37 dw18 figs-activepassive αὐτὸς ἐκχυθήσεται 1 it will be spilled out This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the wine would spill out of the bags” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 5 38 ijm3 ἀσκοὺς καινοὺς 1 fresh wineskins “new wineskins” or “new wine bags.” This refers to new wineskins, unused. LUK 5 39 pvn9 figs-metaphor πιὼν παλαιὸν θέλει νέον 1 after drinking old wine wants the new This metaphor contrasts the old teaching of the religious leaders against the new teaching of Jesus. The point is that people who are used to the old teaching are not willing to listen to the new things that Jesus is teaching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 5 39 uan9 figs-explicit λέγει γάρ, ὁ παλαιὸς χρηστός ἐστιν 1 for he says, ‘The old is better.’ It may be helpful to add: “and he is therefore not willing to try the new wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 6 intro vv2y 0 # Luke 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Luke 6:20-49 contains many blessings and woes that appear to correspond to Matthew 5-7. This part of Matthew has traditionally been called the “Sermon on the Mount.” In Luke, they are not as connected to a teaching on the kingdom of God as they are in Matthew’s gospel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “Eating the grain”<br><br>When the disciples plucked and ate the grain in a field they were walking through on the Sabbath ([Luke 6:1](../../luk/06/01.md)), the Pharisees said that they were breaking the law of Moses. The Pharisees said that the disciples were doing work by picking the grain and so disobeying God’s command to rest and not work on the Sabbath.<br><br>The Pharisees did not think the disciples were stealing. That is because the law of Moses required farmers to allow travelers to pluck and eat small amounts of grain from plants in fields they traveled through or near. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Metaphors are pictures of visible objects that speakers use to explain invisible truths. Jesus used a metaphor of a generous grain merchant to teach his people to be generous ([Luke 6:38](../../luk/06/38.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br><br>Rhetorical questions are questions to which the speaker already knows the answer. The Pharisees scolded Jesus by asking him a rhetorical question when they thought he was breaking the Sabbath ([Luke 6:2](../../luk/06/02.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Implicit information<br><br>Speakers usually do not say things that they think their hearers already understand. When Luke wrote that the disciples were rubbing the heads of grain between their hands, he expected his reader to know that they were separating the part they would eat from what they would throw away ([Luke 6:1](../../luk/06/01.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### The twelve disciples<br><br>The following are the lists of the twelve disciples:<br><br>In Matthew:<br><br>Simon (Peter), Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot.<br><br>In Mark:<br><br>Simon (Peter), Andrew, James the son of Zebedee and John the son of Zebedee (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder), Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot.<br><br>In Luke:<br><br>Simon (Peter), Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Simon (who was called the Zealot), Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot.<br><br>Thaddaeus is probably the same person as Jude, the son of James.<br> LUK 6 1 dum1 figs-you 0 General Information: The word “you” here is plural, and refers to the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 6 1 sw1e 0 Connecting Statement: While Jesus and his disciples are walking through grainfields, some Pharisees begin to question the disciples about what they are doing on the Sabbath, which, in God’s law, has been set aside for God. LUK 6 1 c4sa writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 Now it happened that This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you can consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 6 1 x5zk σπορίμων 1 the grainfields In this case, these are large sections of land where the people had scattered wheat seed to grow more wheat. LUK 6 1 rl46 στάχυας 1 heads of grain This is the topmost part of the grain plant, which is a kind of large grass. It holds the mature, edible seeds of the plant. LUK 6 1 h9fy figs-explicit ψώχοντες ταῖς χερσίν 1 rubbing them in their hands They did this to separate the grain seeds. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “They rubbed them in their hands to separate the grains from the husks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 6 2 z32z figs-rquestion τί ποιεῖτε ὃ οὐκ ἔξεστιν τοῖς Σάββασιν? 1 Why are you doing something that is not lawful to do on the Sabbath day? They asked this question to accuse the disciples of breaking the law. It can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Picking grain on the Sabbath is against God’s law!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 6 2 m76z figs-explicit ποιεῖτε ὃ 1 are you doing that which The Pharisees considered even the small action of rubbing a handful of grain to be unlawful work. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “doing work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 6 3 vih6 figs-rquestion οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἀνέγνωτε…μετ’ αὐτοῦ ὄντες? 1 Have you not even read…with him? Jesus is rebuking the Pharisees for not learning from the scriptures. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should learn from what you have read…him!” or “Certainly you have read…him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 6 4 yyh2 τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς Προθέσεως 1 the bread of the presence “the holy bread” or “the bread that was offered to God” LUK 6 5 h453 ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus was referring to himself. This can be stated: Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man” LUK 6 5 xy9h Κύριός ἐστιν τοῦ Σαββάτου 1 is Lord of the Sabbath The title “Lord” here emphasizes his authority over the Sabbath. Alternate translation: “has the authority to determine what is right for people to do on the Sabbath!” LUK 6 6 pj2m 0 General Information: It is now another Sabbath day and Jesus is in the synagogue. LUK 6 6 ua7d 0 Connecting Statement: The scribes and Pharisees watch as Jesus heals a man on the Sabbath. LUK 6 6 p1ee writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 Now It happened that This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 6 6 d44q writing-participants καὶ ἦν ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖ 1 There was a man there This introduces a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 6 6 t77y ἡ χεὶρ αὐτοῦ ἡ δεξιὰ ἦν ξηρά 1 his right hand was withered The man’s hand was damaged in such a way that he could not stretch it. It was probably bent into almost a fist, making it look smaller and wrinkled. LUK 6 7 q3sh παρετηροῦντο…αὐτὸν 1 were watching him closely “were watching Jesus carefully” LUK 6 7 c1qe ἵνα εὕρωσιν 1 so that they might find “because they wanted to find” LUK 6 8 d7zu εἰς τὸ μέσον 1 in the midst of us “in front of everyone.” Jesus wanted the man to stand where everyone there could see him. LUK 6 9 j8y7 πρὸς αὐτούς 1 to them “to the Pharisees” LUK 6 9 m5yz figs-rquestion ἐπερωτῶ ὑμᾶς, εἰ ἔξεστιν τῷ Σαββάτῳ ἀγαθοποιῆσαι ἢ κακοποιῆσαι, ψυχὴν σῶσαι ἢ ἀπολέσαι? 1 I ask you, is it lawful on the Sabbath to do good or to do harm, to save a life or to destroy it? Jesus asks this question to force the Pharisees to admit that he was right to heal on the Sabbath. The intent of the question is thus rhetorical: to get them to admit what they all know is true rather than to obtain information. However, Jesus says, “I ask you,” so this question is not like other rhetorical questions that might need to be translated as statements. This should be translated as a question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 6 9 dc6f ἀγαθοποιῆσαι ἢ κακοποιῆσαι 1 to do good or to do harm “to help someone or to harm someone” LUK 6 10 abcb περιβλεψάμενος πάντας αὐτοὺς, εἶπεν αὐτῷ 1 he looked around at them all and said to him "Jesus looked around and at them all and said to the man" LUK 6 10 x77k ἔκτεινον τὴν χεῖρά σου 1 Stretch out your hand “Hold out your hand” or “Extend your hand” LUK 6 10 hce1 ἀποκατεστάθη 1 was restored healed LUK 6 12 ay59 0 General Information: Jesus chooses twelve apostles after he prays all night. LUK 6 12 e4s7 writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις 1 Now it happened that in those days This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 6 12 gzn1 ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις 1 in those days “around that time” or “not long after” or “one day around then” LUK 6 12 l7by ἐξελθεῖν αὐτὸν 1 he went out “Jesus went out” LUK 6 13 vep8 καὶ ὅτε ἐγένετο ἡμέρα 1 When it became day “When it was morning” or “The next day” LUK 6 13 j9w7 ἐκλεξάμενος ἀπ’ αὐτῶν δώδεκα 1 he chose twelve of them “he chose twelve of the disciples” LUK 6 13 zgh6 οὓς καὶ ἀποστόλους ὠνόμασεν 1 whom he also named apostles “whom he also made apostles” or “and he appointed them to be apostles” LUK 6 14 zdq3 Ἀνδρέαν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ 1 his brother Andrew “Simon’s brother, Andrew” LUK 6 15 et48 Ζηλωτὴν 1 the Zealot Possible meanings are 1) “the Zealot” is a title that indicates he was part of the group of people who wanted to free the Jewish people from Roman rule. Alternate translation: “the patriot” or “the nationalist” or 2) “the Zealot” is a description that indicates he was zealous for God to be honored. Alternate translation: “the passionate one” LUK 6 16 g24m figs-explicit ἐγένετο προδότης 1 became a traitor It may be necessary to explain what “traitor” means in this context. Alternate translation: “betrayed his friend” or “turned his friend over to enemies” (usually in return for money paid) or “exposed a friend to danger by telling enemies about him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 6 17 t33z 0 Connecting Statement: Though Jesus especially addresses his disciples, there are many people around who listen. LUK 6 17 i5gv μετ’ αὐτῶν 1 with them “with the twelve he had chosen” or “with his twelve apostles” LUK 6 17 abcc figs-hyperbole ἀπὸ πάσης 1 from all This is a generalization. A large number of people came from each of the cities and regions that Luke lists here. Alternate translation: "from all over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 6 18 dpj5 figs-activepassive ἰαθῆναι 1 to be healed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for Jesus to heal them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 6 18 wfm9 figs-activepassive καὶ οἱ ἐνοχλούμενοι ἀπὸ πνευμάτων ἀκαθάρτων ἐθεραπεύοντο 1 Those who were troubled with unclean spirits were also healed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Jesus also healed people who were troubled with unclean spirits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 6 18 t8ac οἱ ἐνοχλούμενοι ἀπὸ πνευμάτων ἀκαθάρτων 1 Those who were troubled with unclean spirits “bothered by unclean spirits” or “controlled by evil spirits” LUK 6 19 y2cl δύναμις παρ’ αὐτοῦ ἐξήρχετο καὶ ἰᾶτο 1 power was coming out from him and healing “he had power to heal people” or “he was using his power to heal people” LUK 6 20 ymg7 μακάριοι 1 Blessed are This phrase is repeated three times. Each time, it indicates that God gives favor to certain people or that their situation is positive or good. LUK 6 20 xj9v μακάριοι οἱ πτωχοί 1 Blessed are the poor “You who are poor receive God’s favor” or “You who are poor benefit” LUK 6 20 y18c ὅτι ὑμετέρα ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 for yours is the kingdom of God Languages that do not have a word for kingdom might say, “for God is your king” or “because God is your ruler.” LUK 6 20 k34r ὑμετέρα ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 yours is the kingdom of God “the kingdom of God belongs to you.” This could mean 1) “you belong to God’s kingdom” or 2) “you will have authority in God’s kingdom.” LUK 6 21 tg8m γελάσετε 1 you will laugh “you will laugh with joy” or “you will be joyful” LUK 6 22 h8ii μακάριοί ἐστε 1 Blessed are you “You receive God’s favor” or “You benefit” or “How good it is for you” LUK 6 22 r5cg ἀφορίσωσιν ὑμᾶς 1 they exclude you “reject you” LUK 6 22 jz7x ἕνεκα τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 because of the Son of Man “because you associate with the Son of Man” or “because they reject the Son of Man” LUK 6 23 bw14 ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ 1 in that day “when they do those things” or “when that happens” LUK 6 23 d97t figs-idiom σκιρτήσατε 1 leap for joy This idiom means “be extremely joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 6 23 e3kb ὁ μισθὸς ὑμῶν πολὺς 1 your reward…is great “a large payment” or “good gifts” LUK 6 24 c6lu οὐαὶ ὑμῖν 1 woe to you “how terrible it is for you.” This phrase is repeated three times. It is the opposite of “blessed are you.” Each time, it indicates that God’s anger is directed at the people, or that something negative or bad awaits them. LUK 6 24 v1bp οὐαὶ ὑμῖν τοῖς πλουσίοις 1 woe to you who are rich “how terrible it is for you who are rich” or “trouble will come to you who are rich” LUK 6 24 cs2e τὴν παράκλησιν ὑμῶν 1 your comfort “what comforts you” or “what satisfies you” or “what makes you happy” LUK 6 25 de8m οἱ ἐμπεπλησμένοι νῦν 1 who are full now “whose stomachs are full now” or “who eat much now” LUK 6 25 l8nr οἱ γελῶντες νῦν 1 to the ones who laugh now “who are happy now” LUK 6 26 tn96 οὐαὶ 1 Woe to you “How terrible it is for you” or “How sad you should be” LUK 6 26 j9yy figs-gendernotations ὅταν…εἴπωσιν πάντες οἱ ἄνθρωποι 1 when all men speak Here “men” is used in the generic sense the includes all people. Alternate translation: “when all people speak” or “when everyone speaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) LUK 6 26 y29d κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ…ἐποίουν τοῖς ψευδοπροφήταις οἱ πατέρες αὐτῶν 1 their ancestors treated the false prophets in the same way “their ancestors also spoke well of the false prophets” LUK 6 27 wr76 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to speak to his disciples and the crowd who is listening to him as well. LUK 6 27 l5rz writing-participants ὑμῖν…τοῖς ἀκούουσιν 1 to you who are listening Jesus now begins to speak to the entire crowd, rather than just to his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 6 27 pz5r ἀγαπᾶτε…καλῶς ποιεῖτε 1 love…do good Each of these commands is to be followed continually, not just a single time. LUK 6 27 pqh7 figs-ellipsis ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑμῶν 1 love your enemies This does not mean they were to only love their enemies and not their friends. This can be stated. Alternate translation: “Love your enemies, not only your friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 6 28 c83m εὐλογεῖτε…προσεύχεσθε 1 Bless…pray Each of these commands is to be followed continually, not just a single time. LUK 6 28 t43h figs-explicit εὐλογεῖτε τοὺς καταρωμένους 1 Bless those who curse God is the one who blesses. This can made explicit. Alternate translation: “Ask God to bless those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 6 28 x2iy τοὺς καταρωμένους ὑμᾶς 1 those who curse you “those who habitually curse you” LUK 6 28 tjn7 τῶν ἐπηρεαζόντων ὑμᾶς 1 those who mistreat you “those who habitually mistreat you” LUK 6 29 a7ri τῷ τύπτοντί σε 1 To him who strikes you “If anyone hits you” LUK 6 29 d5qi ἐπὶ τὴν σιαγόνα 1 on the one cheek “on one side of your face” LUK 6 29 eq83 figs-ellipsis πάρεχε καὶ τὴν ἄλλην 1 offer him also the other It may be helpful to state what the attacker will do to the person. Alternate translation: “turn your face so that he can strike the other cheek also” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 6 29 ic4n μὴ κωλύσῃς 1 do not withhold “do not prevent him from taking” LUK 6 30 d8y6 παντὶ αἰτοῦντί σε, δίδου 1 Give to everyone who asks you “If anyone asks you for something, give it to him” LUK 6 30 ts8c μὴ ἀπαίτει 1 do not ask for it back “do not require him to give” or “do not demand that he give” LUK 6 31 te6e καὶ καθὼς θέλετε ἵνα ποιῶσιν ὑμῖν οἱ ἄνθρωποι, ποιεῖτε αὐτοῖς ὁμοίως 1 As you desire that people would do to you, do the same to them In some languages it may be more natural to reverse the order. Alternate translation: “You should do to people the same as what you want them to do to you” or “Treat people they way you want them to treat you” LUK 6 32 qh81 figs-rquestion ποία ὑμῖν χάρις ἐστίν? 1 what credit is that to you? “what reward will you receive?” or “what praise will you receive for doing that?” This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will not receive any reward for that.” or “God will not reward you for that.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 6 34 kgc9 figs-explicit ἵνα ἀπολάβωσιν τὰ ἴσα 1 to get back the same amount The law of Moses commanded the Jews not to receive interest on money they loaned to each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 6 35 s8j7 μηδὲν ἀπελπίζοντες 1 expecting nothing in return “not expecting the person to return what you have given him” or “not expecting the person to give you anything” LUK 6 35 ly98 ἔσται ὁ μισθὸς ὑμῶν πολύς 1 your reward will be great “you will receive a great reward” or “you will receive good payment” or “you will get good gifts because of it” LUK 6 35 zw5k ἔσεσθε υἱοὶ Ὑψίστου 1 you will be sons of the Most High It is best to translate “sons” with the same word your language would naturally use to refer to a human son or child. LUK 6 35 qr5x υἱοὶ Ὑψίστου 1 sons of the Most High Make sure that the word “sons” is plural so it is not confused with Jesus’ title “The Son of the Most High.” LUK 6 35 ku6l figs-abstractnouns τοὺς ἀχαρίστους καὶ πονηρούς 1 the unthankful and evil The words "unthankful" and "evil" are pural abstract nouns. They can be stated as actions. Alternate translation: “people who do not thank him and who are evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LUK 6 36 n28w ὁ Πατὴρ ὑμῶν 1 your Father This refers to God. It is best to translate “Father” with the same word your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. LUK 6 37 a8c7 καὶ μὴ κρίνετε 1 Do not judge “Do not judge people” or “Do not harshly criticize people” LUK 6 37 e8fb figs-activepassive οὐ μὴ κριθῆτε 1 you will not be judged Jesus does not say who would not judge. Possible meanings are 1) “God will not judge you” or 2) “no one will judge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 6 37 vkl8 καὶ μὴ καταδικάζετε 1 Do not condemn “Do not condemn people” LUK 6 37 gz37 figs-activepassive οὐ μὴ καταδικασθῆτε 1 you will not be condemned Jesus does not say who would not condemn. Possible meanings are 1) “God will not condemn you” or 2) “no one will condemn you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 6 37 a22w figs-activepassive ἀπολυθήσεσθε 1 you will be forgiven Jesus does not say who would forgive. Possible meanings are 1) “God will forgive you” or 2) “people will forgive you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 6 38 ryf8 figs-activepassive δοθήσεται ὑμῖν 1 it will be given to you Jesus does not say exactly who will give. Possible meanings are 1) “someone will give it to you” or 2) “God will give it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 6 38 q8sq figs-metaphor μέτρον καλὸν, πεπιεσμένον σεσαλευμένον ὑπερεκχυννόμενον, δώσουσιν εἰς τὸν κόλπον ὑμῶν 1 A good measure—pressed down, shaken together, spilling over—they will pour into your lap Jesus speaks either of God or of people giving generously as if he were speaking of a generous grain merchant. Alternate translation: “God will pour into your lap a generous amount—pressed down, shaken together and spilling over” or “Like a generous grain merchant who presses down the grain and shakes it together and pours in so much grain that it spills over, they will give generously to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 6 38 rxl6 μέτρον καλὸν 1 A good measure “A large amount” LUK 6 38 fp26 figs-activepassive ἀντιμετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν 1 it will be measured back to you Jesus does not say exactly who will measure. Possible meanings are 1) “they will measure things back to you” or 2) “God will measure things back to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 6 39 bw7f figs-parables 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus includes some examples to make his point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) LUK 6 39 kyt1 figs-rquestion μήτι δύναται τυφλὸς τυφλὸν ὁδηγεῖν? 1 Can a blind person guide another blind person? Jesus used this question to get the people to think about something that they already know. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “We all know that a blind person cannot guide another blind person.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 6 39 nm4v figs-metaphor τυφλὸς 1 blind man The person who is “blind” is a metaphor for a person who has not been taught as a disciple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 6 39 f4xj figs-rquestion οὐχὶ ἀμφότεροι εἰς βόθυνον ἐμπεσοῦνται? 1 Would both not fall into a pit? This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “both of them would fall into a hole.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 6 40 ipr9 οὐκ ἔστιν μαθητὴς ὑπὲρ τὸν διδάσκαλον 1 A disciple is not greater than his teacher “A disciple does not surpass his teacher.” Possible meanings are 1) “A disciple does not have more knowledge than his teacher” or 2) “A disciple does not have more authority than his teacher.” LUK 6 40 a6ym κατηρτισμένος…πᾶς ἔσται 1 everyone when he is fully trained “every disciple who has been trained well” or “every disciple whose teacher has fully taught him” LUK 6 41 l7vj figs-rquestion τί δὲ βλέπεις τὸ κάρφος τὸ ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου, τὴν δὲ δοκὸν τὴν ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ ὀφθαλμῷ οὐ κατανοεῖς? 1 Why do you look…brother’s eye, but you do not notice the log that is in your own eye? Jesus uses this question to challenge the people to pay attention to their own sins before they pay attention to another person’s sins. Alternate translation: “Do not look…brothers eye while you ignore the log that is in your own eye.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 6 41 jpt3 figs-metaphor τὸ κάρφος τὸ ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου 1 the tiny piece of straw that is in your brother’s eye This is a metaphor that refers to the less important faults of a fellow believer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 6 41 j1r5 κάρφος 1 tiny piece of straw “speck” or “splinter” or “bit of dust.” Use a word for the smallest thing that commonly falls into a person’s eyes. LUK 6 41 ud6q τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ 1 brother Here “brother” refers to a fellow Jew or a fellow believer in Jesus. LUK 6 41 ssu3 figs-metaphor τὴν…δοκὸν τὴν ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ ὀφθαλμῷ 1 the log that is in your own eye This is a metaphor for a person’s most important faults. A log could not literally go into a person’s eye. Jesus exaggerates to emphasize that a person should pay attention to his own more important faults before he deals with another person’s less important faults. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 6 41 h9a4 δοκὸν 1 log “beam” or “plank” LUK 6 42 rkk6 figs-rquestion πῶς δύνασαι λέγειν…ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ σοῦ δοκὸν οὐ βλέπων? 1 How can you say…your own eye? Jesus asks this question to challenge the people to pay attention to their own sins before they pay attention to another person’s sins. Alternate translation: “You should not say…eye.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 6 43 x5uu figs-metaphor 0 General Information: People can tell if a tree is good or bad, and what type of tree it is, by the fruit it produces. Jesus uses this as an unexplained metaphor—we know what kind of person someone is when we see his actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 6 43 ezb4 γάρ ἐστιν 1 For there is “This is because there is.” This indicates that what follows is the reason why we should not judge our brother. LUK 6 43 u159 δένδρον καλὸν 1 good tree “healthy tree” LUK 6 43 pi3u καρπὸν σαπρόν 1 rotten fruit fruit that is decaying or bad or worthless LUK 6 44 z1vz figs-activepassive ἕκαστον…δένδρον…γινώσκεται 1 each tree is known People recognize the kind of tree by the fruit it bears. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people know the type of a tree” or “people recognize a tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 6 44 ns81 ἀκανθῶν 1 a thornbush a plant or shrub that has thorns LUK 6 44 ux87 βάτου 1 a briar bush a vine or shrub that has thorns LUK 6 45 kz5k figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Jesus compares the thoughts of a person to his good or evil treasure. When a good person has good thoughts, he engages in good actions. When an evil person thinks evil thoughts, he engages in evil actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 6 45 d9n4 ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος 1 The good man The word “good” here means righteous or moral. LUK 6 45 fd19 figs-gendernotations ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος 1 good man The word “man” here refers to a person, male or female. Alternate translation: “good person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) LUK 6 45 i93l figs-metaphor τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ θησαυροῦ τῆς καρδίας 1 the good treasure of his heart Here the good thoughts of a person are spoken of as if they are treasures stored in the heart of that person, and “his heart” is a metonym for the person’s inner being. Alternate translation: “the good things he keeps deep inside himself” or “the good things he values very intensely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 6 45 gpn9 figs-metaphor προφέρει τὸ ἀγαθόν 1 produces what is good Producing what is good is a metaphor for doing what is good. Alternate translation: “does what is good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 6 45 y2cj figs-metaphor τοῦ…πονηροῦ 1 the evil treasure Here the evil thoughts of a person are spoken of as if they are evil things stored in the heart of that person, and “his heart” is a metonym the person’s inner being. Alternate translation: “the evil things he keeps deep inside himself” or “the evil things he values very intensely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 6 45 jc6z figs-metonymy ἐκ…περισσεύματος καρδίας λαλεῖ τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ 1 out of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaks Here “heart” represents the person’s mind or inner being. The phrase “his mouth” represents the person as a whole. Alternate translation: “what he thinks in his heart affects what he says with his mouth” or “a person will speak aloud what truly values inside of himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LUK 6 46 i3tg figs-simile 0 General Information: Jesus compares the person who obeys his teaching to a man who builds a house on rock where it will be safe from floods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) LUK 6 46 a4av Κύριε, Κύριε 1 Lord, Lord The repetition of these words indicates that they regularly called Jesus “Lord.” LUK 6 47 wwu5 πᾶς ὁ ἐρχόμενος πρός με…ὑποδείξω ὑμῖν τίνι ἐστὶν ὅμοιος 1 Everyone who is coming to me…I will show you what he is like It may be clearer to change the order of this sentence. Alternate translation: “I will tell you what every person is like who comes to me and hears my words and obeys them” LUK 6 48 cw41 figs-explicit ἔθηκεν θεμέλιον ἐπὶ τὴν πέτραν 1 laid a foundation on the rock “dug the foundation of the house deep enough to reach a foundation of solid rock.” Some cultures may not be familiar with building on bedrock, and may need to use another image for a stable foundation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 6 48 cjp8 θεμέλιον 1 a foundation the part of a house that connects it to the ground. People in Jesus’ time dug down into the ground to the solid rock and then began to build on the rock. That solid rock was the foundation. LUK 6 48 dp2a τὴν πέτραν 1 the rock “bedrock.” This is the very large, hard rock that is deep under the soil. LUK 6 48 qc2z ποταμὸς 1 torrent of water “fast-moving water” or “river” LUK 6 48 d3gs προσέρηξεν 1 flowed against “crashed against” LUK 6 48 h75u σαλεῦσαι αὐτὴν 1 shake it Possible meanings are 1) “cause it to shake” or 2) “destroy it.” LUK 6 48 tu5j figs-activepassive διὰ τὸ καλῶς οἰκοδομῆσθαι αὐτήν 1 because it had been built well This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because the man had built it well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 6 49 wg4w figs-simile 0 General Information: Jesus compares the person who hears but does not obey his teaching to a man who builds a house that has no foundation and so will collapse when the flood comes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) LUK 6 49 sjf5 ὁ δὲ 1 But the one “But” shows a strong contrast to the previous person who built with a foundation. LUK 6 49 yu5r figs-explicit ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν χωρὶς θεμελίου 1 on the ground without a foundation Some cultures may not know that a house with a foundation is stronger. Additional information may be helpful. Alternate translation: “but he did not dig down and build first a foundation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 6 49 d8m3 θεμελίου 1 a foundation the part of a house that connects it to the ground. People in Jesus’ time dug down into the ground to the solid rock and then began to build on the rock. That solid rock was the foundation. LUK 6 49 l5jj ποταμός 1 torrent of water “fast-moving water” or “river” LUK 6 49 bs8c προσέρρηξεν 1 flowed against “crashed against” LUK 6 49 q98t συνέπεσεν 1 it collapsed fell down or came apart LUK 6 49 jm86 ἐγένετο τὸ ῥῆγμα τῆς οἰκίας ἐκείνης μέγα 1 the ruin of that house was great “that house was completely destroyed” LUK 7 intro u8gj 0 # Luke 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted material in 7:27.<br><br>Several times in this chapter Luke changes his topic without marking the change. You should not try to make these rough changes smooth.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Centurion<br><br>The centurion who asked Jesus to heal his slave ([Luke 7:2](../../luk/07/02.md)) was doing many unusual things. A Roman soldier would almost never go to a Jew for anything, and most wealthy people did not love or care for their slaves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/centurion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### John’s Baptism<br><br>John baptized people to show that those he was baptizing knew they were sinners and were sorry for their sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### “Sinners”<br><br>Luke refers to a group of people as “sinners.” The Jewish leaders considered these people to be hopelessly ignorant of the law of Moses, and so called them “sinners.” In reality, the leaders were sinful. This situation can be taken as irony. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])<br><br>### “Feet”<br><br>The feet of the people in the ancient Near East were very dirty because they wore sandals and the roads and trails were dusty and muddy. Only slaves washed other people’s feet. The woman who washed Jesus’ feet was showing him great honor.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Son of Man”<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([Luke 7:34](../../luk/07/34.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br> LUK 7 1 e1by 0 General Information: Jesus enters Capernaum where Jesus heals a centurian’s servant. LUK 7 1 zi6w figs-idiom εἰς τὰς ἀκοὰς τοῦ λαοῦ 1 in the hearing of the people The idiom “in the hearing” emphasizes that he wanted them to hear what he said. Alternate translation: “to the people who were listening to him” or “to the people who were present” or “for the people to hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 7 1 l2zp writing-newevent εἰσῆλθεν εἰς Καφαρναούμ 1 he entered into Capernaum This begins a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 7 2 zm98 ὃς ἦν αὐτῷ ἔντιμος 1 who was highly regarded by him “whom the centurion valued” or “whom he respected” LUK 7 4 hm7l παρεκάλουν αὐτὸν σπουδαίως 1 they asked him earnestly “pleaded with him” or “begged him” LUK 7 4 y6vt ἄξιός ἐστιν 1 He is worthy “The centurion is worthy” LUK 7 5 cny7 τὸ ἔθνος ἡμῶν 1 our nation “our people.” This refers to the Jewish people. LUK 7 6 s5xg ἐπορεύετο 1 went on his way “went along” LUK 7 6 el4w figs-doublenegatives αὐτοῦ οὐ μακρὰν ἀπέχοντος ἀπὸ τῆς οἰκίας 1 When he was not far from the house The double negative can be replaced. Alternate translation: “near the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) LUK 7 6 i6kv μὴ σκύλλου 1 do not trouble yourself The centurion was speaking politely to Jesus. Alternate translation: “do not trouble yourself by coming to my house” or “I do not wish to bother you” LUK 7 6 ez29 figs-idiom ὑπὸ τὴν στέγην μου εἰσέλθῃς 1 you would come under my roof This phrase is an idiom that means “come into my house.” If your language has an idiom that means “come into my house,” think about whether it would be good to use here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 7 7 m9ue figs-synecdoche εἰπὲ λόγῳ 1 say a word The servant understood that Jesus could heal the servant just by speaking. Here “word” refers to a command. Alternate translation: “just give the order” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LUK 7 7 m6v8 ἰαθήτω ὁ παῖς μου 1 my servant will be healed The word that is translated here as “servant” is normally translated as “boy.” It may indicate that the servant was very young or show the centurion’s affection for him. LUK 7 8 tkd5 καὶ…ἐγὼ ἄνθρωπός εἰμι ὑπὸ ἐξουσίαν τασσόμενος 1 I also am a man who is under authority “I also have someone over me that I must obey” LUK 7 8 q2ep ὑπ’ ἐμαυτὸν 1 under me “under my authority” LUK 7 8 mdd5 τῷ δούλῳ μου 1 to my servant The word that is translated here as “servant” is the typical word for a servant. LUK 7 9 tpz9 ἐθαύμασεν αὐτόν 1 he was amazed at him “he was amazed at the centurion” LUK 7 9 w8pi λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I say to you Jesus said this to emphasize the surprising thing that he was about to tell them. LUK 7 9 j76u figs-explicit οὐδὲ ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ τοσαύτην πίστιν εὗρον 1 not even in Israel have I found such faith. The implication is that Jesus expected Jewish people to have this kind of faith, but they did not. He did not expect Gentiles to have this kind of faith, yet this man did. You may need to add this implied information. Alternate translation: “I have not found any Israelite who trusts me as much as this Gentile does!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 7 10 g4ny figs-ellipsis οἱ πεμφθέντες 1 those who had been sent It is understood that these were the people the centurion sent. This can be stated. Alternate translation: “the people whom the Roman officer had sent to Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 7 11 tn2d 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus goes to the city of Nain, where he heals a man who had died. LUK 7 11 dmz7 translate-names Ναΐν 1 Nain This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 7 12 sq27 writing-participants ἰδοὺ…τεθνηκὼς 1 behold, a man who had died The word “behold” alerts us to the introduction of the dead man into the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. Alternate translation: “there was a dead man who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 7 12 zr69 figs-activepassive ἐξεκομίζετο τεθνηκὼς 1 a man who had died was being carried out This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people were carrying out of the city a man who had died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 7 12 n96r writing-background ἐξεκομίζετο…μονογενὴς υἱὸς τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ…αὐτὴ ἦν χήρα, καὶ ὄχλος…ἱκανὸς 1 was being carried out, the only son of his mother (who was a widow), and a rather large crowd “carried out. He was his mother’s only son, and she was a widow. A rather large crowd.” This is background information about the dead man and his mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 7 12 i5iv χήρα 1 a widow a woman whose husband has died and who has not remarried LUK 7 13 fa42 ἐσπλαγχνίσθη ἐπ’ αὐτῇ 1 was deeply moved with compassion for her “felt very sorry for her” LUK 7 14 xt2t προσελθὼν 1 he went up “he went forward” or “he approached the dead man” LUK 7 14 quy9 τῆς σοροῦ 1 the wooden frame holding the body This was a stretcher or bed used to move the body to the burial place. It did not have to be something in which the body was buried. Other translations may have the less common “bier” or “funeral couch.” LUK 7 14 lex4 σοὶ λέγω, ἐγέρθητι 1 I say to you, arise Jesus says this to emphasize that the young man needs to obey him. “Listen to me! Arise” LUK 7 15 er34 ὁ νεκρὸς 1 The dead man The man was not still dead; he was now alive. It may be necessary to state this clearly. Alternate translation: “The man who had been dead” LUK 7 16 fr41 0 Connecting Statement: This tells what happens as a result of Jesus’ healing the man who had died. LUK 7 16 rf1k figs-activepassive ἔλαβεν…φόβος πάντας 1 fear overcame all of them “fear filled all of them.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they all became very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 7 16 jf1j figs-activepassive προφήτης μέγας ἠγέρθη ἐν ἡμῖν 1 A great prophet has been raised among us They were referring to Jesus, not to some unidentified prophet. “Raised” here is an idiom for “caused to become.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has caused one of us to become a great prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 7 16 wn5b figs-idiom ἐπεσκέψατο 1 has looked upon This idiom means “cared for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 7 17 a7l7 καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὁ λόγος οὗτος…περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 This news about him spread “This news” refers to the things people were saying in verse 16. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People spread this report about Jesus” or “People told others this report about Jesus” LUK 7 17 g4zt ὁ λόγος οὗτος 1 This news “This report” or “This message” LUK 7 18 p9nd 0 Connecting Statement: John sends two of his disciples to question Jesus. LUK 7 18 xt3i writing-newevent ἀπήγγειλαν Ἰωάννῃ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ περὶ πάντων τούτων 1 his own disciples reported to John concerning all these things "John’s disciples told John about all these things…" This introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 7 18 r11g ἀπήγγειλαν Ἰωάννῃ 1 reported to John “told John” LUK 7 18 jf5m πάντων τούτων 1 all these things “all the things Jesus was doing” LUK 7 20 ftb7 figs-quotations οἱ ἄνδρες εἶπαν, Ἰωάννης ὁ Βαπτιστὴς ἀπέστειλεν ἡμᾶς πρὸς σὲ λέγων, σὺ εἶ…ἢ ἄλλον προσδοκῶμεν? 1 the men said, “John the Baptist has sent us to you to say, ‘Are you…or should we look for another?’” This sentence can be rewritten so that it only has one direct quote. Alternate translation: “the men said that John the Baptist had sent them to him to ask, ‘Are you the one who is coming, or should we look for another?’” or “the men said, ‘John the Baptist has sent us to you to ask if you are the one who is coming, or if we should look for another.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) LUK 7 21 ys1b ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ὥρᾳ 1 In that hour “At that time” LUK 7 21 a7sm figs-ellipsis πνευμάτων πονηρῶν 1 from evil spirits It may be helpful to restate the healing. Alternate translation: “he healed them from evil spirits” or “he set people free from evil spirits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 7 22 lcm2 εἶπεν αὐτοῖς 1 said to them “said to John’s messengers” or “said to the messengers that John sent” LUK 7 22 b9n6 ἀπαγγείλατε Ἰωάννῃ 1 report to John “tell John” LUK 7 22 fvz7 νεκροὶ ἐγείρονται 1 dead people are being raised back to life “dead people are being caused to live again” LUK 7 22 qbe3 πτωχοὶ 1 poor people “poor people” LUK 7 23 y4px figs-activepassive καὶ μακάριός ἐστιν ὃς ἐὰν μὴ σκανδαλισθῇ ἐν ἐμοί 1 Blessed is anyone who does not take offense at me. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the person who does not stop believing in me because of my actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 7 23 i5dl καὶ μακάριός ἐστιν ὃς ἐὰν μὴ 1 Blessed is anyone who does not “People who do not…are blessed” or “Anyone who does not…is blessed” or “Whoever does not…is blessed.” This is not a specific person. LUK 7 23 i7zh figs-doublenegatives μὴ σκανδαλισθῇ ἐν ἐμοί 1 not take offense at me This double negative means “continues to believe in me despite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) LUK 7 24 k1zb 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins to speak to the crowd about John the Baptist. He asks rhetorical questions to lead them to think about what John the Baptist is really like. LUK 7 24 abcd ἤρξατο 1 he began "Jesus began" LUK 7 24 h9dw figs-rquestion τί…κάλαμον ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενον? 1 What…A reed shaken by the wind? This expects a negative answer. “Did you go out to see a reed shaken by the wind? Of course not!” It can also be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you did not go out to see a reed being shaken by the wind!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 7 24 gbv9 figs-metaphor κάλαμον ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενον 1 A reed shaken by the wind Possible meanings of this metaphor are 1) a person who easily changes his mind, as reeds are easily moved by the wind, or 2) a person who talks a lot but does not say anything important, as reeds rattle when the wind blows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 7 25 tcp3 figs-rquestion ἀλλὰ τί…ἄνθρωπον ἐν μαλακοῖς ἱματίοις ἠμφιεσμένον? 1 But what…A man dressed in soft clothes? This also expects a negative answer, since John wore rough garments. “Did you go out to see a man dressed in soft clothes? Of course not!” This can also be written as a statement. Alternate translation: You certainly did not go out to see a man dressed in soft clothes!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 7 25 a1wu figs-explicit ἐν μαλακοῖς ἱματίοις ἠμφιεσμένον 1 dressed in soft clothes This refers to expensive clothing. Normal clothing was rough. Alternate translation: “wearing expensive clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 7 25 nn75 τοῖς βασιλείοις 1 kings’ palaces A palace is a large, expensive house that a king lives in. LUK 7 26 ym8l figs-rquestion ἀλλὰ τί…προφήτην? 1 But what…A prophet? This leads to a positive answer. “Did you go out to see a prophet? Of course you did!” This can also be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “But you actually went out to see a prophet!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 7 26 ix16 ναί, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Yes, I say to you Jesus says this to emphasize the importance of what he will say next. LUK 7 26 r7ud περισσότερον προφήτου 1 more than a prophet This phrase means that John was indeed a prophet, but that he was even greater than a typical prophet. Alternate translation: “not just an ordinary prophet” or “much more important than a normal prophet” LUK 7 27 cg3r οὗτός ἐστιν περὶ οὗ γέγραπται 1 This is he concerning whom it is written “That prophet is the one the prophets wrote about” or “John is the one the prophets wrote about long ago” LUK 7 27 wt2m ἰδοὺ, ἀποστέλλω 1 See, I am sending In this verse, Jesus is quoting the prophet Malachi and saying that John is the messenger of which Malachi spoke. LUK 7 27 s8hg figs-idiom πρὸ προσώπου σου 1 before your face This idiom means “in front of you” or “to go ahead of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 7 27 cc5u figs-you σου 1 your The word “your” is singular because God was speaking to the Messiah in the quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 7 28 yz6b figs-you λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I say to you Jesus is speaking to the crowd, so “you” is plural. Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the truth of the surprising thing he is about to say next. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 7 28 rr11 figs-metaphor ἐν γεννητοῖς γυναικῶν 1 among those born of women “among those to whom a woman has given birth.” This is a metaphor that refers to all people. Alternate translation: “of all the people who have ever lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 7 28 gfz7 μείζων…Ἰωάννου οὐδείς ἐστιν 1 none is greater than John “John is the greatest” LUK 7 28 c33u ὁ…μικρότερος ἐν τῇ Βασιλείᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the one who is least in the kingdom of God This refers to anyone who is part of the kingdom that God will establish. LUK 7 28 r81b figs-explicit μείζων αὐτοῦ ἐστι 1 is greater than he is The spiritual state of people in the kingdom of God will be higher than that of the people before the kingdom was established. Alternate translation: “has higher spiritual status than John” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 7 29 b6y2 0 General Information: Luke, the author of this book, comments on how people responded to John and Jesus. LUK 7 29 idv8 καὶ πᾶς ὁ λαὸς ἀκούσας…τὸ βάπτισμα Ἰωάννου 1 When all the people…God to be righteous This verse could be reordered to be more clear. Alternate translation: “When all the people who had been baptized by John, including the tax collectors, heard this, they declared that God is righteous” LUK 7 29 m5cn ἐδικαίωσαν τὸν Θεόν 1 declared God to be righteous “they said that God had shown himself to be righteous” or “they declared that God had acted righteously” LUK 7 29 s9v6 figs-activepassive βαπτισθέντες τὸ βάπτισμα Ἰωάννου 1 having been baptized with the baptism of John This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because they had let John baptize them” or “because John had baptized them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 7 30 v8f5 τὴν βουλὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἠθέτησαν εἰς ἑαυτούς 1 rejected God’s purpose for themselves “rejected what God wanted them to do” or “chose to disobey what God told them” LUK 7 30 wqc3 figs-activepassive μὴ βαπτισθέντες ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 not having been baptized by John This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they did not let John baptize them” or “they rejected John’s baptism” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 7 31 k99s 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues speaking to the people about John the Baptist. LUK 7 31 cs1j figs-rquestion τίνι οὖν ὁμοιώσω…τίνι εἰσὶν ὅμοιοι? 1 To what, then, can I compare…they like? Jesus uses these questions to introduce a comparison. They can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is what I compare this generation to, and what they are like.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 7 31 ix8z figs-parallelism ὁμοιώσω…τίνι εἰσὶν ὅμοιοι 1 I compare…What are they like These are two ways of saying that this is a comparison. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) LUK 7 31 ec4k τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης 1 the people of this generation The people living when Jesus spoke. LUK 7 32 n8yp figs-simile ὅμοιοί εἰσιν 1 They are like These words are the beginning of Jesus’ comparison. Jesus is saying that the people are like children who are never satisfied with the way other children act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) LUK 7 32 f7hg ἀγορᾷ 1 the marketplace a large, open-air area where people come to sell their goods LUK 7 32 xgg9 καὶ οὐκ ὠρχήσασθε 1 and you did not dance “but you did not dance to the music” LUK 7 32 m2k3 καὶ οὐκ ἐκλαύσατε 1 and you did not cry “but you did not cry with us” LUK 7 33 kbc7 μὴ ἐσθίων ἄρτον 1 neither eating bread Possible meanings are 1) “frequently fasting” or 2) “not eating normal food.” LUK 7 33 wka1 figs-quotations λέγετε, δαιμόνιον ἔχει 1 you say, ‘He has a demon.’ Jesus was quoting what people were saying about John. This can be stated without the direct quote. Alternate translation: “you say that he has a demon.” or “you accuse him of having a demon.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) LUK 7 34 k33e figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 The Son of Man Jesus expected the people to understand that he was referring to himself. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 7 34 s1um figs-quotations λέγετε, ἰδοὺ, ἄνθρωπος φάγος καὶ οἰνοπότης…ἁμαρτωλῶν. 1 you say, ‘Look, he is a gluttonous man and a drunkard…sinners!’ This can be translated as an indirect quote. If you translated “The Son of Man” as “I, the Son of man,” you can state this as an indirect statement and use the first person. Alternate translation: “you say that he is a gluttonous man and a drunkard…sinners.” or “you accuse him of eating and drinking too much and of being…sinners.” or “you say that I am a gluttonous man and a drunkard…sinners.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 7 34 am9s ἄνθρωπος φάγος 1 a gluttonous man “he is a greedy eater” or “he continually eats too much food” LUK 7 34 chu4 οἰνοπότης 1 a drunkard “a drunk” or “he continually drinks too much alcohol” LUK 7 35 ba4g ἐδικαιώθη ἡ σοφία ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς 1 wisdom is justified by all her children This appears to be a proverb that Jesus applied to this situation, probably to teach that wise people would understand that the people should not have rejected Jesus and John. LUK 7 36 q5p4 0 General Information: It was a custom in that time for onlookers to attend dinners without eating. LUK 7 36 fd2c 0 Connecting Statement: A Pharisee invites Jesus to eat at his house. LUK 7 36 lhd4 writing-newevent δέ τις…τῶν Φαρισαίων 1 Now one of the Pharisees The marks the beginning of a new part of the story and introduces the Pharisee into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 7 36 dy31 κατεκλίθη 1 he reclined at the table “sat down at the table for the meal.” It was the custom at a relaxed meal such as this dinner for men to eat while lying down comfortably around the table. LUK 7 37 a9iu writing-participants καὶ ἰδοὺ γυνὴ…ἦν 1 Now behold, there was a woman The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 7 37 x4sk ἥτις ἦν…ἁμαρτωλός 1 who was a sinner “who lived a sinful lifestyle” or “who had a reputation for living a sinful life.” She may have been a prostitute. LUK 7 37 apx8 ἀλάβαστρον 1 an alabaster jar “a jar made of soft stone.” Alabaster is a soft, white rock. People stored precious things in alabaster jars. LUK 7 37 a954 μύρου 1 of perfumed oil “with perfume in it.” The oil had something in it that made it smell nice. People rubbed it on themselves or sprinkled their clothing with it in order to smell nice. LUK 7 38 v5xh ταῖς θριξὶν τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτῆς 1 with the hair of her head “with her hair” LUK 7 38 i93v ἤλειφεν τῷ μύρῳ 1 anointed them with perfumed oil “poured perfume on them” LUK 7 39 u455 εἶπεν ἐν ἑαυτῷ λέγων 1 he said to himself, saying “he said to himself” LUK 7 39 xc9v οὗτος εἰ ἦν προφήτης, ἐγίνωσκεν…ἁμαρτωλός ἐστιν 1 If this man were a prophet, then he would know…a sinner The Pharisee thought that Jesus was not a prophet because he allowed the sinful woman to touch him. Alternate translation: “Apparently Jesus is not a prophet, because a prophet would know that this woman who is touching him is a sinner” LUK 7 39 tbq3 figs-explicit ὅτι ἁμαρτωλός ἐστιν 1 that she is a sinner Simon assumed that a prophet would never allow a sinner to touch him. This part of his assumption can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “that she is a sinner, and he would not allow her to touch him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 7 40 u3cg Σίμων 1 Simon This was the name of the Pharisee who invited Jesus into his home. This was not Simon Peter. LUK 7 41 sv92 figs-parables 0 General Information: To emphasize what he is going to tell Simon the Pharisee, Jesus tells him a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) LUK 7 41 fcq6 δύο χρεοφιλέται ἦσαν: δανιστῇ τινι 1 A certain moneylender had two debtors “Two men owed money to a certain moneylender” LUK 7 41 snz6 translate-bmoney δηνάρια πεντακόσια 1 five hundred denarii “500 days’ wages.” “Denarii” is the plural of “denarius.” A “denarius” was a silver coin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) LUK 7 41 i92j ὁ…ἕτερος πεντήκοντα 1 the other fifty “the other debtor owed fifty denarii” or “50 days’ wages” LUK 7 42 lbq6 ἀμφοτέροις ἐχαρίσατο 1 he forgave them both “he forgave their debts” or “he canceled their debts” LUK 7 43 uyj6 ὑπολαμβάνω 1 I suppose Simon was cautious about his answer. Alternate translation: “Probably” LUK 7 43 zqz4 ὀρθῶς ἔκρινας 1 You have judged correctly “You are right” LUK 7 44 s7g6 στραφεὶς πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα 1 he turned to the woman Jesus directed Simon’s attention to the woman by turning to her. LUK 7 44 mw7d figs-explicit ὕδωρ μοι ἐπὶ πόδας οὐκ ἔδωκας 1 You gave me no water for my feet It was a basic responsibility of a host to provide water and a towel for guests to wash and dry their feet after walking on dusty roads. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 7 44 mw58 οὐκ ἔδωκας; αὕτη δὲ 1 You did not give…but she Jesus twice uses these phrases to contrast Simon’s lack of courtesy with the woman’s extreme actions of gratitude. LUK 7 44 am5z αὕτη…τοῖς δάκρυσιν ἔβρεξέν μου τοὺς πόδας 1 she has wet my feet with her tears The woman used her tears in place of the missing water. LUK 7 44 ld62 ταῖς θριξὶν αὐτῆς ἐξέμαξεν 1 wiped them with her hair The woman used her hair in place of the missing towel. LUK 7 45 xj92 figs-explicit φίλημά μοι οὐκ ἔδωκας 1 You did not give me a kiss A good host in that culture would greet his guest with a kiss on the cheek. Simon did not do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 7 45 r2jj οὐ διέλιπεν καταφιλοῦσά μου τοὺς πόδας 1 did not stop kissing my feet “has continued to kiss my feet” LUK 7 45 u3er καταφιλοῦσά μου τοὺς πόδας 1 kissing my feet The woman kissed the feet of Jesus rather than his cheek as a sign of extreme repentance and humility. LUK 7 46 j8wj οὐκ ἤλειψας; αὕτη δὲ 1 You did not anoint…but she Jesus continues to contrast Simon’s poor hospitality with the actions of the woman. LUK 7 46 le9a figs-explicit ἐλαίῳ τὴν κεφαλήν μου…ἤλειψας 1 anoint my head with oil “put oil on my head.” This was the custom to welcome an honored guest. Alternate translation: “welcome me by anointing my head with oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 7 46 g6va ἤλειψεν τοὺς πόδας μου 1 anointed my feet The woman greatly honored Jesus by doing this. She demonstrated humility by anointing his feet instead of his head. LUK 7 47 kwc5 λέγω σοι 1 I say to you This emphasizes the importance of the statement that follows. LUK 7 47 clu2 figs-activepassive ἀφέωνται αἱ ἁμαρτίαι αὐτῆς αἱ πολλαί 1 her sins, which were many, have been forgiven This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has forgiven her many sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 7 47 jql4 ὅτι ἠγάπησεν πολύ 1 for she loved much Her love was the evidence that her sins were forgiven. Some languages require that the object of “love” be stated. Alternate translation: “for she greatly loves the one who forgave her” or “for she loves God very much” LUK 7 47 qd9q figs-explicit ᾧ…ὀλίγον ἀφίεται 1 the one who is forgiven little “anyone who is forgiven only a few things.” In this sentence Jesus states a general principle. However, he expected Simon to understand that he showed very little love for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 7 48 c7hj εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῇ 1 Then he said to her “Then he said to the woman” LUK 7 48 lq5v figs-activepassive ἀφέωνταί σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι 1 Your sins are forgiven “You are forgiven.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I forgive your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 7 49 enw4 συνανακείμενοι 1 reclining together “reclining together around the table” or “eating together” LUK 7 49 ie4z figs-rquestion τίς οὗτός ἐστιν ὃς καὶ ἁμαρτίας ἀφίησιν? 1 Who is this that even forgives sins? The religious leaders knew that only God could forgive sins and did not believe that Jesus was God. This question was probably intended to be an accusation. Alternate translation: “Who does this man think he is? Only God can forgive sins!” or “Why is this man pretending to be God, who alone can forgive sins?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 7 50 lje8 figs-abstractnouns ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε 1 Your faith has saved you “Because of your faith, you are saved.” The abstract noun “faith” could be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “Because you believe, you are saved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LUK 7 50 sp2u πορεύου εἰς εἰρήνην 1 Go in peace This is a way of saying good-bye while giving a blessing at the same time. Alternate translation: “As you go, do not worry anymore” or “May God give you peace as you go” LUK 8 intro ba3i 0 # Luke 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Several times in this chapter Luke changes his topic without marking the change. You should not try to make these rough changes smooth.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Miracles<br><br>Jesus made a storm stop by speaking to it, he made a dead girl alive by speaking to her, and he made evil spirits leave a man by speaking to them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Parables<br><br>The parables were short stories that Jesus told so that people would easily understand the lesson he was trying to teach them. He also told the stories so that those who did not want to believe in him would not understand the truth ([Luke 8:4-15](./04.md)).<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Brothers and sisters<br><br>Most people call those who have the same parents “brother” and “sister” and think of them as the most important people in their lives. Many people also call those with the same grandparents “brother” and “sister.” In this chapter Jesus says that the most important people to him are those who obey his Father in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/brother]])<br> LUK 8 1 f72n 0 General Information: These verses give background information about Jesus’ preaching while traveling. LUK 8 1 i6mi writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 It happened that This phrase is used here to mark a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 8 2 g99l figs-activepassive αἳ ἦσαν τεθεραπευμέναι ἀπὸ πνευμάτων πονηρῶν καὶ ἀσθενειῶν 1 who had been healed of evil spirits and diseases This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom Jesus had set free from evil spirits and healed of diseases” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 8 2 jq4g translate-names Μαρία 1 Mary One of the “certain women.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 8 2 n4x6 figs-activepassive Μαρία ἡ καλουμένη Μαγδαληνή…δαιμόνια ἑπτὰ ἐξεληλύθει 1 Mary who was called Magdalene…seven demons had gone out This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Mary, whom people called Magdalene…Jesus had driven out seven demons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 8 3 tfz5 translate-names Ἰωάννα…Σουσάννα 1 Joanna…Susanna Two of the “certain women” (verse 2). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 8 3 w9kl translate-names Ἰωάννα γυνὴ Χουζᾶ ἐπιτρόπου Ἡρῴδου 1 Joanna, the wife of Chuza, Herod’s manager Joanna was Chuza’s wife, and Chuza was Herod’s manager. “Joanna, the wife of Herod’s manager, Chuza” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 8 3 k9m5 διηκόνουν αὐτοῖς 1 were providing for them “financially supported Jesus and his twelve disciples” LUK 8 4 yet7 figs-parables 0 General Information: Jesus tells the parable of the soils to the crowd. He explains its meaning to his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) LUK 8 4 r1qk ἐπιπορευομένων πρὸς αὐτὸν 1 coming to him “coming to Jesus” LUK 8 5 ndc3 ἐξῆλθεν ὁ σπείρων τοῦ σπεῖραι τὸν σπόρον αὐτοῦ 1 A farmer went out to sow his seed “A farmer went out to scatter some seed in a field” or “A farmer went out to scatter some seeds in a field” LUK 8 5 cv1h ὃ μὲν ἔπεσεν 1 some fell “some of the seed fell” or “some of the seeds fell” LUK 8 5 a5mz figs-activepassive κατεπατήθη 1 it was trampled underfoot This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people walked on it” or “people walked on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 8 5 n8bw τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 the birds of the sky This idiom can be translated simply as “birds” or as “birds flew down and” to keep the sense of “sky.” LUK 8 5 lt8n κατέφαγεν αὐτό 1 devoured it “ate it all” or “ate them all” LUK 8 6 k6a4 ἐξηράνθη 1 it withered away “each plant became dry and shriveled up” or “the plants became dry and shriveled up” LUK 8 6 ktz7 μὴ ἔχειν ἰκμάδα 1 it had no moisture “it was too dry” or “they were too dry.” The cause can also be stated. Alternate translation: “the ground was too dry” LUK 8 7 f6m8 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes telling the parable to the crowd. LUK 8 7 xzq2 ἀπέπνιξαν αὐτό 1 choked it The thorn plants took all the nutrients, water, and sunlight, so the farmer’s plants could not grow well. LUK 8 8 scs9 ἐποίησεν καρπὸν 1 produced a crop “grew a harvest” or “grew more seeds” LUK 8 8 q12t figs-ellipsis ἑκατονταπλασίονα 1 a hundred times greater This means a hundred times more than the seeds that were sown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 8 8 b92z figs-metonymy ὁ ἔχων ὦτα ἀκούειν, ἀκουέτω 1 Whoever has ears to hear, let him hear Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase “ears to hear” here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. Alternate translation: “Let the one who is willing to listen, listen” or “The one who is willing to understand, let him understand and obey” or “If you are willing to listen, listen” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]…[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 8 9 vnc7 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins to speak to his disciples. LUK 8 10 je1f figs-activepassive ὑμῖν δέδοται γνῶναι τὰ μυστήρια τῆς Βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 To you has been granted to know the mysteries of the kingdom of God This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has given to you the knowledge of…God” or “God has made you able to understand…God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 8 10 s7xp τὰ μυστήρια τῆς Βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the mysteries of the kingdom of God These are truths that have been hidden, but Jesus is now revealing them. LUK 8 10 l6sk τοῖς…λοιποῖς 1 to the rest “for other people.” This refers to the people who rejected the teaching of Jesus and did not follow him. LUK 8 10 xtu6 βλέποντες μὴ βλέπωσιν 1 Seeing they may not see “though they see, they will not perceive.” This is a quote from the prophet Isaiah. Some languages may need to state the object of the verbs. Alternate translation: “though they see things, they will not understand them” or “though they see things happen, they will not understand what they mean” LUK 8 10 k4es ἀκούοντες μὴ συνιῶσιν 1 hearing they may not understand “though they hear, they will not understand.” This is a quote from the prophet Isaiah. Some languages may need to state the object of the verbs. Alternate translation: “though they hear instruction, they will not understand the truth” LUK 8 11 vp8a 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins to explain the meaning of the parable of the soils to his disciples. LUK 8 11 hb1t ὁ σπόρος ἐστὶν ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 The seed is the word of God “The seed is the message from God” LUK 8 12 xsa7 figs-metonymy οἱ…παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν εἰσιν οἱ ἀκούσαντες 1 The ones along the path are “The seeds that fell along the path are those.” Jesus tells what happens to the seeds as it relates to people. Alternate translation: “The seeds that fell along the path represent people” or “In the parable, the seeds that fell along the path represent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 8 12 c26l figs-metonymy εἰσιν οἱ 1 are those who Jesus speaks of the seeds showing something about people as if the seeds were the people. Alternate translation: “show what happens to people who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 8 12 jb9t figs-metonymy ἔρχεται ὁ διάβολος καὶ αἴρει τὸν λόγον ἀπὸ τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν 1 the devil comes and takes away the word from their hearts Here “hearts is a metonym for people’s minds or inner beings. Alternate translation: “the devil comes and takes away the message of God from their inner thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 8 12 h969 figs-metaphor αἴρει 1 takes away In the parable this was a metaphor of a bird snatching away the seeds. Try to use words in your language that keep that image. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 8 12 g7r7 figs-activepassive ἵνα μὴ πιστεύσαντες σωθῶσιν 1 so they may not believe and be saved This is the devil’s purpose. Alternate translation: “because the devil thinks, ‘They must not believe and they must not be saved’” or “so it will not be that they believe and God saves them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 8 13 juq1 figs-metonymy οἱ…ἐπὶ τῆς πέτρας 1 The ones on the rock “The seeds that fell on the rocky soil are those.” Jesus tells what happens to the seeds as it relates to people. Alternate translation: “The seeds that fell on the rocky soil represent people” or “In the parable the seeds that fell on the rocky soil represent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 8 13 ar4x τῆς πέτρας 1 the rock “the rocky soil” LUK 8 13 bm51 ἐν καιρῷ πειρασμοῦ 1 in a time of testing “when they experience hardship” LUK 8 13 e5rw figs-idiom ἀφίστανται 1 they fall away This idiom means “they stop believing” or “they stop following Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 8 14 k4u4 figs-metonymy τὸ…εἰς τὰς ἀκάνθας πεσόν, οὗτοί εἰσιν 1 The ones that fell among the thorns, these are “The seeds that fell among the thorns represent people” or “In the parable the seeds that fell among the thorns represent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 8 14 y3ue figs-activepassive ἡδονῶν τοῦ βίου, πορευόμενοι 1 they are choked…pleasures of this life This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the cares and riches and pleasures of this life choke them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 8 14 uut6 μεριμνῶν 1 the cares things that people worry about LUK 8 14 b384 ἡδονῶν τοῦ βίου 1 pleasures of this life “the things in this life that people enjoy” LUK 8 14 cz7w figs-metaphor ὑπὸ μεριμνῶν, καὶ πλούτου, καὶ ἡδονῶν τοῦ βίου, πορευόμενοι συνπνίγονται καὶ οὐ τελεσφοροῦσιν 1 they are choked by the cares and riches and pleasures of this life, and they do not produce mature fruit This metaphor refers to the way weeds cut off light and nutrients from plants and keep them from growing. Alternate translation: “as weeds prevent good plants from growing, the cares, riches, and pleasures of this life keep these people from becoming mature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 8 14 xhv7 figs-metaphor οὐ τελεσφοροῦσιν 1 they do not produce mature fruit “they do not bear ripe fruit.” Mature fruit is a metaphor for good works. Alternate translation: “so like a plant that does not produce mature fruit, they do not produce good works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 8 15 m2hb figs-metonymy τὸ…ἐν τῇ καλῇ γῇ, οὗτοί εἰσιν οἵτινες 1 the ones that fell on the good soil, these are the ones “the seed that fell on the good soil represents the people” or “in the parable the seed that fell on the good soil represents the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 8 15 l62d ἀκούσαντες τὸν λόγον 1 hearing the word “hearing the message” LUK 8 15 pbi7 figs-metonymy ἐν καρδίᾳ καλῇ καὶ ἀγαθῇ 1 with an honest and good heart Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s thoughts or intentions. Alternate translation: “with an honest and good desire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 8 15 i51s figs-metaphor καρποφοροῦσιν ἐν ὑπομονῇ 1 bear fruit with patient endurance “produce fruit by enduring patiently” or “produce fruit by continued effort.” Fruit is a metaphor for good works. Alternate translation: “like healthy plants that produce good fruit, they produce good works by persevering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 8 16 p1rb 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues with another parable then he finishes speaking to his disciples as he emphasizes the role of his family in his work. LUK 8 16 n86n figs-parables οὐδεὶς 1 No one This marks the beginning of another parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) LUK 8 17 n5ca figs-doublenegatives οὐ…ἐστιν κρυπτὸν ὃ οὐ φανερὸν γενήσεται 1 nothing is hidden that will not be made known This double negative can be written as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “everything that is hidden will be made known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) LUK 8 17 iv9q figs-doublenegatives οὐδὲ ἀπόκρυφον ὃ οὐ μὴ γνωσθῇ καὶ εἰς φανερὸν ἔλθῃ 1 nor is anything secret that will not be known and come into the light This double negative can be written as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “and everything that is secret will be made known and will come into the light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) LUK 8 18 bq9f figs-ellipsis ὃς ἂν…ἔχῃ, δοθήσεται αὐτῷ 1 to whoever has, more will be given to him It is clear from the context that Jesus is talking about understanding and believing. This can be stated clearly and changed to active form. Alternate translation: “whoever has understanding will be given more understanding” or “God will enable those who believe the truth to understand even more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 8 18 ihh9 figs-ellipsis καὶ ὃς ἂν μὴ ἔχῃ…ἀρθήσεται ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 but whoever does not have…will be taken away from him It is clear from the context that Jesus is talking about understanding and believing. This can be stated clearly and changed to active form. Alternate translation: “But whoever does not have understanding will lose even what understanding he thinks he has” or “But God will cause those who do not believe the truth not to understand even the little that they think they have understood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 8 19 dw3m οἱ ἀδελφοὶ 1 brothers These were Jesus’ younger brothers—the other sons of Mary and Joseph who were born after Jesus. Since the Father of Jesus was God, and their father was Joseph, they were technically his half-brothers. This detail is not normally translated. LUK 8 20 wr4t figs-activepassive ἀπηγγέλη…αὐτῷ 1 he was told This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People told him” or “Someone told him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 8 20 un5d ἰδεῖν θέλοντές σε 1 wanting to see you “and they want to see you” LUK 8 21 b97u figs-metaphor μήτηρ μου καὶ ἀδελφοί μου, οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀκούοντες καὶ ποιοῦντες 1 My mother and my brothers are those who hear the word of God and do it This metaphor expresses that the people who were coming to listen to Jesus were as important to him as his own family was. Alternate translation: “Those who hear the word of God and obey it are like a mother and brothers to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 8 21 edk3 τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the word of God “the message God has spoken” LUK 8 22 x3qi 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus and his disciples use a boat to cross Lake Genneseret. The disciples learn more about Jesus’ power through the storm that arises. LUK 8 22 w1pk τῆς λίμνης 1 the lake This is the lake of Genneseret, which is also called the Sea of Galilee. LUK 8 22 btk8 ἀνήχθησαν 1 They set sail This expression means they began to travel across the lake in their sailboat. LUK 8 23 vh2v πλεόντων…αὐτῶν 1 as they sailed “as they went” LUK 8 23 sf8z ἀφύπνωσεν 1 he fell asleep “began to sleep” LUK 8 23 mdb5 κατέβη λαῖλαψ ἀνέμου 1 a terrible windstorm came down “a storm of very strong winds began” or “very strong winds suddenly began to blow” LUK 8 23 uki7 figs-explicit συνεπληροῦντο 1 their boat was filling with water The strong winds caused high waves which pushed water over the sides of the boat. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the winds caused high waves that started to fill up their boat with water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 8 24 uhe4 ἐπετίμησεν 1 rebuked spoke sharply to LUK 8 24 t1yy τῷ κλύδωνι, τοῦ ὕδατος 1 the raging of the water “the violent waves” LUK 8 24 v1c3 ἐπαύσαντο 1 they ceased “the wind and the waves stopped” or “they became still” LUK 8 25 d8c3 figs-rquestion ποῦ ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν? 1 Where is your faith? Jesus rebukes them mildly because they do not trust him to take care of them. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have faith!” or “You should trust me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 8 25 f2wp figs-rquestion τίς ἄρα οὗτός ἐστιν…ὑπακούουσιν αὐτῷ? 1 Who then is this…obey him? “What kind of man is this…obey him?” This question expresses shock and confusion over how Jesus is able to control the storm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 8 25 wjv3 τίς ἄρα οὗτός ἐστιν, ὅτι καὶ τοῖς ἀνέμοις ἐπιτάσσει…ὑπακούουσιν αὐτῷ? 1 Who then is this, that he commands…obey him? This can be turned into two sentences: “Who then is this? He commands…obey him!” LUK 8 26 ubb1 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus and his disciples come ashore at Gerasa where Jesus removes many demons from a man. LUK 8 26 f17p translate-names τὴν χώραν τῶν Γερασηνῶν 1 the region of the Gerasenes Gerasenes were people from the city called Gerasa. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 8 26 p9zp ἀντιπέρα τῆς Γαλιλαίας 1 olpposite Galilee “on the other side of the lake from Galilee” LUK 8 27 hjh5 ἀνήρ τις ἐκ τῆς πόλεως 1 a certain man from the city “a man from the city of Gerasa” LUK 8 27 rnl4 ἀνήρ τις ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ἔχων δαιμόνια 1 a certain man from the city…having demons The man had demons; it was not the city that had demons. Alternate translation: “a certain man from the city, and this man had demons” LUK 8 27 ji6p ἔχων δαιμόνια 1 having demons “who was controlled by demons” or “whom demons controlled” LUK 8 27 xhw7 writing-background καὶ χρόνῳ ἱκανῷ οὐκ ἐνεδύσατο ἱμάτιον…ἀλλ’ ἐν τοῖς μνήμασιν 1 For a long time he had worn no clothes…but among the tombs This is background information about the man who had demons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 8 27 ah29 οὐκ ἐνεδύσατο ἱμάτιον 1 he had worn no clothes “he had not worn clothes” LUK 8 27 we6n τοῖς μνήμασιν 1 the tombs These are places where people put dead bodies, possibly caves or small buildings that the man could use for shelter. LUK 8 28 ip59 ἰδὼν…τὸν Ἰησοῦν 1 When he saw Jesus “When the man who had the demon saw Jesus” LUK 8 28 n4ex ἀνακράξας 1 he cried out “he screamed” or “he shrieked” LUK 8 28 fak9 translate-symaction προσέπεσεν αὐτῷ 1 fell down before him “lay down on the ground before Jesus.” He did not fall accidentally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) LUK 8 28 m21e φωνῇ μεγάλῃ εἶπεν 1 he said in a loud voice “he said loudly” or “he shouted out” LUK 8 28 lv2b figs-idiom τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί 1 What is that to me and to you This idiom means “Why are you bothering me?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 8 28 ptt1 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Υἱὲ τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ Ὑψίστου 1 Son of the Most High God This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) LUK 8 29 j3yj πολλοῖς…χρόνοις συνηρπάκει αὐτόν 1 many times it had seized him “many times it had taken control of the man” or “many times it had gone into him.” This tells about what the demon had done many times before Jesus met the man. LUK 8 29 bxz4 figs-activepassive καὶ ἐδεσμεύετο…φυλασσόμενος 1 though he was bound…and kept under guard This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “though the people had bound him with chains and shackles and guarded him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 8 29 bey5 figs-activepassive ἠλαύνετο ὑπὸ τοῦ δαιμονίου 1 he would be driven by the demon This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the demon would make him go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 8 30 p31w λεγεών 1 Legion Translate this with a word that refers to a large number of soldiers or people. Some other translations say “Army.” Alternate translation: “Battalion” or “Brigade” LUK 8 31 qcn1 παρεκάλουν αὐτὸν 1 kept begging him “kept begging Jesus” LUK 8 32 b3vt writing-background ἦν δὲ ἐκεῖ ἀγέλη χοίρων ἱκανῶν βοσκομένη ἐν τῷ ὄρει 1 Now a large herd of pigs was there feeding on the hillside This is supplied as background information to introduce the pigs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 8 32 q8w5 ἦν…ἐκεῖ…βοσκομένη ἐν τῷ ὄρει 1 was there feeding on the hillside “was nearby eating grass on a hill” LUK 8 33 na38 ἐξελθόντα δὲ τὰ δαιμόνια 1 So the demons came out The word “so” is used here to explain that the reason the demons came of out the man was because Jesus had told them that they could go into the pigs. LUK 8 33 gz5x ὥρμησεν 1 rushed ran very fast LUK 8 33 ja6x ἡ ἀγέλη…ἀπεπνίγη 1 the herd…was drowned “the herd…drowned.” No one caused the pigs to drown once they were in the water. LUK 8 35 ju71 εὗραν…τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἀφ’ οὗ τὰ δαιμόνια ἐξῆλθεν 1 found the man from whom the demons had gone out “saw the man whom the demons had left” LUK 8 35 w3tq σωφρονοῦντα 1 in his right mind “sane” or “behaving normally” LUK 8 35 x9lp figs-idiom καθήμενον…παρὰ τοὺς πόδας τοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 sitting at the feet of Jesus “sitting at the feet” here is an idiom that means “sitting humbly nearby” or “sitting in front of.” Alternate translation: “sitting on the ground in front of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 8 35 j89t figs-ellipsis ἐφοβήθησαν 1 they were afraid It may be helpful to state explicitly that they were afraid of Jesus. Alternate translation: “they were afraid of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 8 36 xtf3 οἱ ἰδόντες 1 those who had seen it “those who had seen what had happened” LUK 8 36 kv18 figs-activepassive ἐσώθη ὁ δαιμονισθείς 1 the man who had been possessed by demons had been healed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Jesus had healed the man whom demons had possessed” or “Jesus had healed the man whom demons had controlled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 8 37 ai7m τῆς περιχώρου τῶν Γερασηνῶν 1 the region of the Gerasenes “that area of the Gerasenes” or “the area where the Gerasene people lived” LUK 8 37 jbh5 figs-activepassive φόβῳ μεγάλῳ συνείχοντο 1 they were overwhelmed with great fear This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they became very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 8 37 ue8c figs-ellipsis ὑπέστρεψεν 1 to return The destination can be stated. Alternate translation: “go back across the lake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 8 38 s25w ὁ ἀνὴρ 1 The man The events in these verses happened before Jesus left in the boat. It may be helpful to state this clearly at the beginning. Alternate translation: “Before Jesus and his disciples left, the man” or “Before Jesus and his disciples set sail, the man” LUK 8 38 abce ἀπέλυσεν δὲ αὐτὸν 1 but he sent him away "but Jesus sent the man away" LUK 8 39 zl3v τὸν οἶκόν σου 1 your home “your household” or “your family” LUK 8 39 c9nh διηγοῦ ὅσα σοι ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεός 1 describe all that God has done for you “tell them everything about what God has done for you” LUK 8 40 w2wn writing-background 0 General Information: These verses give background information about Jairus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 8 40 m81w 0 Connecting Statement: When Jesus and his disciples return to Galilee on the other side of the lake, he heals the 12-year-old daughter of the ruler of the synagogue as well as a woman who has been bleeding for 12 years. LUK 8 40 yd57 ἀπεδέξατο αὐτὸν ὁ ὄχλος 1 the crowd welcomed him “the crowd joyfully greeted him” LUK 8 41 avi8 ἄρχων τῆς συναγωγῆς 1 a leader of the synagogue “one of the leaders at the local synagogue” or “a leader of the people who met at the synagogue in that city” LUK 8 41 epa2 translate-symaction πεσὼν παρὰ τοὺς πόδας Ἰησοῦ 1 Falling at the feet of Jesus Possible meanings are 1) “bowed down at Jesus feet” or 2) “lay down on the ground at Jesus feet.” Jairus did not fall accidentally. He did this as a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) LUK 8 42 kq2v ἀπέθνῃσκεν 1 was dying “was about to die” LUK 8 42 ymb1 figs-explicit ἐν…τῷ ὑπάγειν αὐτὸν 1 As Jesus was on his way Some translators may need to first say that Jesus had agreed to go with Jairus. Alternate translation: “So Jesus agreed to go with him. As he was on his way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 8 42 kw2y οἱ ὄχλοι συνέπνιγον αὐτόν 1 the crowds of people were pressing around him “the people were crowding tightly around Jesus” LUK 8 43 l7pu writing-participants γυνὴ οὖσα 1 there was a woman This introduces a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 8 43 h9uq figs-euphemism ἐν ῥύσει αἵματος 1 with a flow of blood “had a flow of blood.” She was probably bleeding from her womb even when it was not the normal time for it. Some cultures may have a polite way of referring to this condition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) LUK 8 43 zb4a figs-activepassive οὐκ ἴσχυσεν ἀπ’ οὐδενὸς θεραπευθῆναι 1 was not able to be healed by anyone This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but no one could heal her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 8 44 vwe6 ἥψατο τοῦ κρασπέδου τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ 1 touched the edge of his coat “touched the fringe of his robe.” Jewish men wore tassels on the edges of their robes as a part of their ceremonial dress as commanded in God’s Law. This is likely what she touched. LUK 8 45 c3wm figs-explicit οἱ ὄχλοι…ἀποθλίβουσιν 1 the crowds of people…are pressing against you By saying this, Peter was implying that anyone could have touched Jesus. This implicit information can be made explicit if necessary. Alternate translation: “there are many people crowding around you and pressing in against you, so any one of them might have touched you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 8 46 u6am figs-explicit ἥψατό μού τις 1 Someone did touch me It may be helpful to distinguish this intentional “touch” from the accidental touches of the crowd. Alternate translation: “Someone deliberately touched me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 8 46 zmu9 figs-explicit ἐγὼ…ἔγνων δύναμιν ἐξεληλυθυῖαν ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ 1 I know that power has gone out from me Jesus did not lose power or become weak, but his power healed the woman. Alternate translation: “I know that healing power went out from me” or “I felt my power heal someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 8 47 cwn4 figs-ellipsis ὅτι οὐκ ἔλαθεν 1 that she could not escape notice “that she could not keep secret what she had done.” It may be helpful to state what she did. Alternate translation: “that she could not keep it a secret that she was the one who had touched Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 8 47 vua6 τρέμουσα ἦλθεν 1 she came trembling “she came trembling with fear” LUK 8 47 vxl7 προσπεσοῦσα αὐτῷ 1 fell down before him Possible meanings are 1) “bowed down in front of Jesus” or 2) “lay down on the ground at Jesus’ feet.” She did not fall accidentally. This was a sign of humility and respect for Jesus. LUK 8 47 f5mz ἐνώπιον παντὸς τοῦ λαοῦ 1 In the presence of all the people “In the sight of all the people” LUK 8 48 v4m9 θύγατερ 1 Daughter This was a kind way of speaking to a woman. Your language may have another way of showing this kindness. LUK 8 48 uja4 figs-abstractnouns ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε 1 your faith has made you well “because of your faith, you have become well.” The abstract noun “faith” could be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “because you believe, you are healed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LUK 8 48 ch7m figs-idiom πορεύου εἰς εἰρήνην 1 Go in peace This idiom is a way of saying, “Goodbye” and giving a blessing at the same time. Alternate translation: “As you go, do not worry anymore” or “May God give you peace as you go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 8 49 m58z ἔτι αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος 1 While he was still speaking “While Jesus was still speaking to the woman” LUK 8 49 deu3 τοῦ ἀρχισυναγώγου 1 the synagogue leader’s house This refers to Jairus ([Luke 8:41](../08/41.md)). LUK 8 49 id9v figs-explicit μηκέτι σκύλλε τὸν διδάσκαλον 1 Do not trouble the teacher any longer This statement implies that Jesus will not be able to do anything to help now that the girl is dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 8 49 n6ez τὸν διδάσκαλον 1 the teacher This refers to Jesus. LUK 8 50 ej1b σωθήσεται 1 she will be healed “she will be well” or “she will live again” LUK 8 51 gl9g ἐλθὼν δὲ εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν 1 When he came to the house “When they came to the house.” Jesus went there with Jairus. Also some of Jesus’ disciples went with them. LUK 8 51 qal2 οὐκ ἀφῆκεν…τινα…εἰ μὴ Πέτρον, καὶ Ἰωάννην, καὶ Ἰάκωβον, καὶ τὸν πατέρα τῆς παιδὸς, καὶ τὴν μητέρα 1 he did not allowed anyone…except Peter and John and James, and the father of the child and her mother This could be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Jesus allowed only Peter, John, James, and the girl’s father and mother to go inside with him” LUK 8 51 i4v1 τὸν πατέρα τῆς παιδὸς 1 the father of the child This refers to Jairus. LUK 8 52 tt9v figs-explicit ἔκλαιον…πάντες καὶ ἐκόπτοντο αὐτήν 1 all were mourning and wailing for her This was the normal way of showing grief in that culture. Alternate translation: “all the people there were showing how sad they were and crying loudly because the girl had died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 8 53 nu8w κατεγέλων αὐτοῦ, εἰδότες ὅτι ἀπέθανεν 1 laughed at him, knowing that she “laughed at him because they knew the girl” LUK 8 54 e7zt αὐτὸς…κρατήσας τῆς χειρὸς αὐτῆς 1 he taking hold of her hand “Jesus took hold of the girl’s hand” LUK 8 55 k6w2 figs-explicit ἐπέστρεψεν τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτῆς 1 her spirit returned “Her spirit returned to her body.” The Jews understood that life was the result of the spirit coming into a person. Alternate translation: “She started breathing again” or “She came back to life” or “She became alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 8 56 c6mp μηδενὶ εἰπεῖν 1 to tell no one This could be stated differently. Alternate translation: “not to tell anyone” LUK 9 intro uc1r 0 # Luke 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “To preach the kingdom of God”<br><br>No one knows for sure what the words “kingdom of God” here refer to. Some say it refers to the reign of God on earth, and others say it refers to the gospel message that Jesus died to pay for the his people’s sins. It is best to translate this as “to preach about the kingdom of God” or “to teach them about how God was going to show himself as king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Elijah<br><br>God had promised the Jews that the prophet Elijah would return before the Messiah came, so some people who saw Jesus do miracles thought Jesus was Elijah ([Luke 9:9](../../luk/09/09.md), [Luke 9:19](../../luk/09/19.md)). However, Elijah did come to earth to speak with Jesus ([Luke 9:30](../../luk/09/30.md)). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/elijah]])<br><br>### “Kingdom of God”<br><br>The term “kingdom of God” is used in this chapter to refer to a kingdom that was still in the future when the words were spoken. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]])<br><br>### Glory<br><br>Scripture often speaks of God’s glory as a great, brilliant light. When people see this light, they are afraid. Luke says in this chapter that Jesus’ clothing shone with this glorious light so that his followers could see that Jesus truly was God’s Son. At the same time, God told them that Jesus was his Son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. An example in this chapter is: “Whoever would save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will save it.” ([Luke 9:24](../../luk/09/24.md)).<br><br>### “Son of Man”<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([Luke 9:22](../../luk/09/22.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br><br>### “Receiving”<br><br>This word appears several times in this chapter and means different things. When Jesus says, “If someone receives a little child like this in my name, he also is receiving me, and if someone receives me, he is also receiving the one who sent me” ([Luke 9:48](../../luk/09/48.md)), he is speaking of people serving the child. When Luke says, “the people there did not receive him” ([Luke 9:53](../../luk/09/53.md)), he means that the people did not believe in or accept Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br> LUK 9 1 s7fw 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus reminds his disciples not to depend on money and their things, gives them power, and then sends them out to various places. LUK 9 1 zqq6 δύναμιν καὶ ἐξουσίαν 1 power and authority These two terms are used together to show that the twelve had both the ability and the right to heal people. Translate this phrase with a combination of words that include both of these ideas. LUK 9 1 fuj7 πάντα τὰ δαιμόνια 1 all the demons Possible meanings are 1) “every demon” or 2) “every kind of demon.” LUK 9 1 h8ql νόσους 1 diseases sicknesses LUK 9 2 j5n3 ἀπέστειλεν αὐτοὺς 1 sent them out “sent them to various places” or “told them to go” LUK 9 3 m7c5 καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς 1 He said to them “Jesus said to the twelve.” It may be helpful to state that this happened before they went out. Alternate translation: “Before they left, Jesus said to them” LUK 9 3 aui6 μηδὲν αἴρετε 1 Take nothing “Do not take anything with you” or “Do not bring anything with you” LUK 9 3 qm2p ῥάβδον 1 staff large stick that people use for balance when climbing or walking on uneven ground, as well as for defense against attackers LUK 9 3 pp64 πήραν 1 wallet a bag a traveler uses for carrying what he needs on a journey LUK 9 3 n237 ἄρτον 1 bread This is here used as a general reference to “food.” LUK 9 4 kyw3 καὶ εἰς ἣν ἂν οἰκίαν εἰσέλθητε 1 Whatever house you enter into “Any house you enter” LUK 9 4 sa5w ἐκεῖ μένετε 1 stay there “remain there” or “temporarily live in that house as a guest” LUK 9 4 ksb3 καὶ…ἐξέρχεσθε 1 until you leave “until you leave that town” or “until you leave that place” LUK 9 5 ux5m καὶ ὅσοι ἂν μὴ δέχωνται ὑμᾶς, ἐξερχόμενοι 1 Wherever they do not receive you, when you go out “Here is what you should do in any town where people do not receive you: When you leave” LUK 9 5 ze2w translate-symaction τὸν κονιορτὸν ἀπὸ τῶν ποδῶν ὑμῶν ἀποτινάσσετε, εἰς μαρτύριον ἐπ’ αὐτούς 1 shake off the dust from your feet as a testimony against them To “shake off the dust from your feet” was an expression of strong rejection in that culture. It showed they did not want even the dust of that town to remain on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) LUK 9 6 afj9 ἐξερχόμενοι 1 they departed “they left the place were Jesus was” LUK 9 6 ycy4 θεραπεύοντες πανταχοῦ 1 healing everywhere “healing wherever they went” LUK 9 7 izd5 0 General Information: These verses interrupt to give information about Herod. LUK 9 7 z45t writing-background δὲ Ἡρῴδης 1 Now Herod This phrase marks a break in the main story line. Here Luke tells background information about Herod. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 9 7 s2k4 Ἡρῴδης ὁ τετράρχης 1 Herod the tetrarch This refers to Herod Antipas, who was the ruler of one-fourth of Israel. LUK 9 7 c4vy διηπόρει 1 he was perplexed unable to understand, confused LUK 9 7 tcp1 figs-activepassive τὸ λέγεσθαι ὑπό τινων 1 it was said by some This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “some people said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 9 8 ekf7 figs-ellipsis ἄλλων δὲ, ὅτι προφήτης τις τῶν ἀρχαίων ἀνέστη 1 but by others that one of the ancient prophets had risen The word “said” is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “still others said that one of the prophets of long ago had risen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 9 9 flw3 figs-explicit Ἰωάννην ἐγὼ ἀπεκεφάλισα, τίς δέ ἐστιν οὗτος 1 I beheaded John, but who is this Herod assumes that it is impossible for John to rise from the dead. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “It cannot be John because I had his head cut off. So who is this man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 9 9 r98f figs-explicit Ἰωάννην ἐγὼ ἀπεκεφάλισα 1 I beheaded John Herod’s soldiers would have carried out executions. Alternate translation: “I commanded my soldiers to cut off John’s head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 9 10 k89y 0 Connecting Statement: Though the disciples return to Jesus and they go to Bethsaida to spend time together, the crowds follow Jesus for healing and to listen to his teaching. He performs a miracle to provide bread and fish to the crowds as they return home. LUK 9 10 p7gf καὶ ὑποστρέψαντες, οἱ ἀπόστολοι 1 When the apostles returned “apostles came back to where Jesus was” LUK 9 10 aal8 ὅσα ἐποίησαν 1 everything they had done This refers to the teaching and healing that they did when they went to the other cities. LUK 9 10 r2bq translate-names Βηθσαϊδά 1 Bethsaida This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 9 12 btc8 ἡ δὲ ἡμέρα ἤρξατο κλίνειν 1 Now the day began to end “the day was about to end” or it was near the end of the day” LUK 9 13 tay4 ἄρτοι πέντε 1 five loaves of bread A loaf of bread is a lump of dough that is shaped and baked. LUK 9 13 vuc1 ἰχθύες δύο, εἰ μήτι πορευθέντες, ἡμεῖς ἀγοράσωμεν εἰς πάντα τὸν λαὸν τοῦτον βρώματα 1 two fish…unless we go and buy food for all these people If “unless” is difficult to understand in your language, you could make a new sentence. “two fish. In order to feed all these people, we would have to go and buy food” LUK 9 14 c9z5 translate-numbers ὡσεὶ ἄνδρες πεντακισχίλιοι 1 about five thousand men “about 5,000 men.” This number does not include the women and children who might have been present. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) LUK 9 14 v44h κατακλίνατε αὐτοὺς 1 Have them sit down “Tell them to sit down” LUK 9 14 tw3v translate-numbers ἀνὰ πεντήκοντα 1 fifty each “50 each” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) LUK 9 15 xq6k καὶ ἐποίησαν οὕτως 1 So they did this “This” refers to what Jesus told them to do [Luke 9:14](../09/14.md). They told the people to sit down in groups of about fifty people. LUK 9 16 j39h λαβὼν δὲ τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους 1 Then taking the five loaves “Jesus took the five loaves of bread” LUK 9 16 j8y3 figs-explicit ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν 1 he looked up to heaven This refers to looking up, toward the sky. The Jews believed that heaven was located above the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 9 16 gm2v εὐλόγησεν αὐτοὺς 1 he blessed them This refers to the loaves of bread and the fish. LUK 9 16 s4ij παραθεῖναι 1 to set before “to pass out to” or “to give to” LUK 9 17 l5ml figs-idiom ἐχορτάσθησαν 1 were satisfied This idiom means they ate enough food so they were not hungry. Alternate translation: “they had as much as they wanted to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 9 18 nm87 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus is praying, with only his disciples near him, and they begin to talk about who Jesus is. Jesus tells them that he will soon die and resurrect and urges them to follow him even if it becomes very hard to do that. LUK 9 18 y5a5 writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 It came about that This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 9 18 l91t προσευχόμενον κατὰ μόνας 1 praying by himself “praying alone.” The disciples were with Jesus, but he was praying personally and privately by himself. LUK 9 19 f2kh figs-ellipsis Ἰωάννην τὸν Βαπτιστήν 1 John the Baptist It may be helpful to restate part of the question here. Alternate translation: “Some say you are John the Baptist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 9 19 ewu4 figs-explicit ὅτι προφήτης τις τῶν ἀρχαίων ἀνέστη 1 that one of the prophets from long ago has risen It may be helpful to clarify how this answer relates to Jesus’ question. Alternate translation: “that you are one of the prophets from long ago and have risen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 9 19 x3px ἀνέστη 1 has risen “has come back to life” LUK 9 20 vy4u εἶπεν δὲ αὐτοῖς 1 Then he said to them “Then Jesus said to his disciples” LUK 9 21 z55q figs-quotations αὐτοῖς…μηδενὶ λέγειν τοῦτο 1 them to tell this to no one. “not to tell anyone” or “that they should not tell anyone.” This could be stated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: them, “‘Do not tell anyone.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) LUK 9 22 ytn1 δεῖ τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου πολλὰ παθεῖν 1 The Son of Man must suffer many things “People will cause the Son of Man to suffer greatly” LUK 9 22 m2v8 figs-123person τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου…καὶ ἀποκτανθῆναι 1 The Son of Man…and he will be killed Jesus is referring to himself. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man…and I will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 9 22 j5k8 figs-activepassive ἀποδοκιμασθῆναι ἀπὸ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων, καὶ ἀρχιερέων, καὶ γραμματέων 1 be rejected by the elders and chief priests and scribes This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the elders, chief priests, and scribes will reject him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 9 22 d5je figs-activepassive ἀποκτανθῆναι 1 he will be killed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 9 22 mfe8 translate-ordinal τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ 1 on the third day “three days after he dies” or “on the third day after his death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LUK 9 22 lw6f figs-activepassive ἐγερθῆναι 1 be raised “he will…be made alive again.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will…make him alive again” or “he will…live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 9 23 i2hh ἔλεγεν 1 he said “Jesus said” LUK 9 23 h1u1 πρὸς πάντας 1 to them all This refers to the disciples who were with Jesus. LUK 9 23 h46s figs-metaphor ὀπίσω μου ἔρχεσθαι 1 come after me “follow me.” Coming after Jesus represents being one of his disciples. Alternate translation: “be my disciple” or “be one of my disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 9 23 fnk7 ἀρνησάσθω ἑαυτὸν 1 he must deny himself “must not give in to his own desires” or “must forsake his own desires” LUK 9 23 h7j1 figs-metonymy ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ καθ’ ἡμέραν, καὶ ἀκολουθείτω μοι 1 take up his cross daily and follow me “carry his cross and follow me every day.” The cross represents suffering and death. Taking up the cross represents being willing to suffer and die. Alternate translation: “must obey me every day even to the point of suffering and dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 9 23 pk72 figs-metaphor ἀκολουθείτω μοι 1 follow me Following Jesus here represents obeying him. Alternate translation: “obey me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 9 23 m6kz ἀκολουθείτω μοι 1 follow me “go along with me” or “begin to follow me and keep on following me” LUK 9 25 lx8i figs-rquestion τί γὰρ ὠφελεῖται ἄνθρωπος…ἑαυτὸν δὲ ἀπολέσας ἢ ζημιωθείς? 1 For what is a person profited…but destroying or losing himself? The implied answer to this question is that it is not good. Alternate translation: “It will not benefit someone at all to gain the whole world, and yet lose himself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 9 25 hpp5 κερδήσας τὸν κόσμον ὅλον 1 having gained the whole world “to get everything in the world” LUK 9 25 xsk5 ἑαυτὸν…ἀπολέσας ἢ ζημιωθείς 1 destroying or losing himself “ruin himself or give up his life” LUK 9 26 yrr4 τοὺς ἐμοὺς λόγους 1 my words “what I say” or “what I teach” LUK 9 26 r5n5 figs-activepassive τοῦτον ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ἐπαισχυνθήσεται 1 of him will the Son of Man be ashamed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Son of Man will also be ashamed of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 9 26 tx1k figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου…ὅταν ἔλθῃ 1 the Son of Man…when he comes Jesus was speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man…when I come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 9 26 dl2i guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Πατρὸς 1 the Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) LUK 9 27 ef6j λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν ἀληθῶς 1 But I say to you truly Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the importance of what he will say next. LUK 9 27 t1ar εἰσίν τινες…ἑστηκότων, οἳ οὐ μὴ γεύσωνται θανάτου 1 there are some of those who are standing here who will not taste death “some of you who are standing here will not taste death” LUK 9 27 m113 figs-123person ἕως ἂν ἴδωσιν 1 before they see Jesus was speaking to the people he was talking about. Alternate translation: “before you see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 9 27 j7fc οὐ μὴ γεύσωνται θανάτου, ἕως ἂν ἴδωσιν τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 will not taste death before they see the kingdom of God This idea with “not…until” can be expressed positively with “before.” Alternate translation: “will see the kingdom of God before they die” or “will see the kingdom of God before you die” LUK 9 27 gj8t figs-idiom γεύσωνται θανάτου 1 taste death This idiom means “die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 9 28 xb3k 0 Connecting Statement: Eight days after Jesus tells his disciples that some would not die before they saw the kingdom of God, Jesus goes up the mountain to pray with Peter, James, and John, who all fall asleep while Jesus is changed to a dazzling appearance. LUK 9 28 si9j τοὺς λόγους τούτους 1 these saying This refers to what Jesus said to his disciples in the preceding verses. LUK 9 30 p3cd ἰδοὺ 1 Behold The word “Behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. Alternate translation: “Suddenly” LUK 9 31 g28p figs-distinguish οἳ ὀφθέντες ἐν δόξῃ 1 who appeared in glory This phrase gives information about how Moses and Elijah looked. Some languages would translate it as a separate clause. Alternate translation: “and they appeared in glorious splendor” or “and they were shining brightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) LUK 9 31 cur1 figs-euphemism τὴν ἔξοδον αὐτοῦ 1 his departure “his leaving” or “how Jesus would leave this world.” This was a polite way of talking about his death. Alternate translation: “his death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) LUK 9 32 i29n writing-background δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Luke tells information about Peter, James, and John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 9 32 f8ip βεβαρημένοι ὕπνῳ 1 heavy with sleep This idiom means “very sleepy.” LUK 9 32 tw7e εἶδον τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ 1 they saw his glory This refers to the brilliant light that surrounded them. Alternate translation: “they saw brilliant light coming from Jesus” or “they saw very bright light coming out of Jesus” LUK 9 32 tsj6 τοὺς δύο ἄνδρας τοὺς συνεστῶτας αὐτῷ 1 the two men who were standing with him This refers to Moses and Elijah. LUK 9 33 npk9 ἐν τῷ διαχωρίζεσθαι αὐτοὺς 1 As they were going away “As Moses and Elijah were going away” LUK 9 33 mby6 σκηνὰς 1 shelters simple, temporary places in which to sit or sleep LUK 9 34 ct1w ταῦτα δὲ αὐτοῦ λέγοντος 1 But as he was saying this “While Peter was saying these things” LUK 9 34 e75d figs-explicit ἐφοβήθησαν 1 they were afraid These adult disciples were not afraid of clouds. This phrase indicates that some kind of unusual fear came over them with the cloud. Alternate translation: “they were terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 9 34 asa6 εἰσελθεῖν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν νεφέλην 1 they entered into the cloud This can be expressed in terms of what the cloud did. Alternate translation: “the cloud surrounded them” LUK 9 35 q8xy figs-explicit καὶ φωνὴ ἐγένετο ἐκ τῆς νεφέλης 1 Then a voice came out of the cloud It is understood that the voice could only have belonged to God. Alternate translation: “God spoke to them from the cloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 9 35 c3gt guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱός 1 Son This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) LUK 9 35 l733 figs-activepassive ὁ ἐκλελεγμένος 1 the one who is chosen This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “the one I have chosen” or “I have chosen him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 9 36 g7ge writing-endofstory καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐσίγησαν…ὧν ἑώρακαν 1 They kept silent…of what they had seen This is information that tells what happened after the story as a result of the events in the story itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) LUK 9 36 v9uy ἐσίγησαν…οὐδενὶ ἀπήγγειλαν 1 kept silent…told no one The first phrase refers to their immediate response, and the second refers to what they did in the following days. LUK 9 37 q5f5 0 Connecting Statement: The next day after Jesus’ dazzling appearance, Jesus heals a demon-possessed boy that the disciples were unable to make better. LUK 9 38 k35b writing-participants καὶ ἰδοὺ, ἀνὴρ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄχλου 1 Behold, a man from the crowd The word “behold” alerts us to the new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses “There was a man in the crowd who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 9 39 ka7j writing-participants καὶ ἰδοὺ, πνεῦμα 1 See, a spirit The phrase “You see” introduces us to the evil spirit in the man’s story. Your language may have a way of doing this. Alternate translation: “There is an evil spirit that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 9 39 abm3 μετὰ ἀφροῦ 1 and foaming at the mouth “foam comes out of his mouth.” When a person has a seizure, they can have trouble breathing or swallowing. This causes white foam to form around their mouths. LUK 9 41 sdu1 ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν 1 So Jesus answered and said “Jesus answered by saying” LUK 9 41 bi9m ὦ γενεὰ ἄπιστος καὶ διεστραμμένη 1 You unbelieving and depraved generation Jesus said this to the crowd that had gathered, and not to his disciples. LUK 9 41 apa3 γενεὰ…διεστραμμένη 1 depraved generation “corrupt generation” LUK 9 41 qk1w figs-you ἕως πότε ἔσομαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς καὶ ἀνέξομαι ὑμῶν? 1 how long must I be with you and put up with you? Here “you” is plural. Jesus uses these questions to express his sadness that the people did not believe. They can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “I have been with you so long, yet you do not believe. I wonder how long I must put up with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 9 41 ls7b figs-you προσάγαγε ὧδε τὸν υἱόν σου 1 Bring your son here Here “your” is singular. Jesus is speaking directly to the father who addressed him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 9 43 hz1l ἐξεπλήσσοντο δὲ πάντες ἐπὶ τῇ μεγαλειότητι τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Then they were all amazed at the greatness of God Jesus performed the miracle, but the crowd recognized that God was the power behind the healing. LUK 9 43 d61c πᾶσιν οἷς ἐποίει 1 everything that he was doing “everything Jesus was doing” LUK 9 44 gah9 figs-idiom θέσθε ὑμεῖς εἰς τὰ ὦτα ὑμῶν τοὺς λόγους τούτους 1 Let these words go deeply into your ears This is an idiom that means they should pay attention. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully and remember” or “Do not forget this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 9 44 im3l figs-activepassive ὁ γὰρ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου μέλλει παραδίδοσθαι εἰς χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων 1 For the Son of Man will be betrayed into the hands of men This can be stated with an active clause. Here “hands” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “they will betray the Son of Man and put him in the control of men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 9 44 ygr3 figs-123person ὁ γὰρ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου μέλλει παραδίδοσθαι εἰς χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων 1 For the Son of Man will be betrayed into the hands of men Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. The word “hands” is a synecdoche for the people whose hands they are or a metonym for the power that uses those hands. You may need to make explicit who these men are. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man will be betrayed into the hands of men” or “The Son of Man will be betrayed into the power of his enemies” or “I, the Son of Man will be betrayed to my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 9 45 ub1r figs-activepassive καὶ ἦν παρακεκαλυμμένον ἀπ’ αὐτῶν 1 It was hidden from them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God hid the meaning from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 9 46 fj6n 0 General Information: The disciples begin to argue about who will be the most powerful among them. LUK 9 46 dh3w ἐν αὐτοῖς 1 among them “among the disciples” LUK 9 47 cx62 figs-metonymy εἰδὼς τὸν διαλογισμὸν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν 1 knowing the reasoning in their hearts Here “hearts” is a metonym for their minds. Alternate translation: “knowing the reasoning in their minds” or “knowing what they were thinking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 9 48 afx5 figs-metonymy ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου 1 in my name This refers to a person doing something as a representative of Jesus. Alternate translation: “because of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 9 48 mav1 figs-metaphor ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου, ἐμὲ δέχεται 1 in my name, welcomes me This metaphor could also be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “in my name, it is like he is welcoming me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 9 48 awc6 τὸν ἀποστείλαντά με 1 the one who sent me “God, who sent me” LUK 9 48 zw5t οὗτός ἐστιν μέγας 1 he is great “the ones whom God considers to be most important” LUK 9 49 uwr3 ἀποκριθεὶς…Ἰωάννης 1 John answered “In reply, John said” or “John replied to Jesus.” John was responding to what Jesus had said about being the greatest. He was not answering a question. LUK 9 49 bj41 figs-exclusive εἴδομέν 1 we saw John speaks of himself but not Jesus, so “we” here is exclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) LUK 9 49 py8i figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σου 1 in your name This means the person was speaking with the power and authority of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 9 50 hw85 μὴ κωλύετε 1 Do not stop him This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Allow him to continue” LUK 9 50 f6ag ὃς…οὐκ ἔστιν καθ’ ὑμῶν, ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐστιν 1 whoever is not against you is for you Some modern languages have sayings that mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “if a person does not keep you from working, it is as if he were helping you” or “if someone is not working against you, he is working with you” LUK 9 51 plt7 0 General Information: It is now obvious that Jesus has decided to go to Jerusalem. LUK 9 51 c8gx ἐν τῷ συνπληροῦσθαι τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς ἀναλήμψεως αὐτοῦ 1 when the days drew near for him to be taken up “When the time was coming for him to go up” or “When it was almost time for him to go up” LUK 9 51 mq2d figs-idiom τὸ πρόσωπον ἐστήρισεν 1 set his face This idiom means he “firmly decided.” Alternate translation: “made up his mind” or “decided” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 9 52 b6ct ὡς ἑτοιμάσαι αὐτῷ 1 to prepare things for him This means to make arrangements for his arrival there, possibly including a place to speak, a place to stay, and food. LUK 9 53 v61k οὐκ ἐδέξαντο αὐτόν 1 they did not welcome him “did not want him to stay” LUK 9 53 n62j figs-explicit ὅτι τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ἦν πορευόμενον εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 because he had set his face to go to Jerusalem The Samaritans and the Jews hated each other. Therefore the Samaritans would not help Jesus on his journey to Jerusalem, the Jewish capital. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 9 54 a8sf ἰδόντες 1 when saw this “saw that the Samaritans did not receive Jesus” LUK 9 54 y4rq figs-explicit εἴπωμεν πῦρ καταβῆναι ἀπὸ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἀναλῶσαι αὐτούς 1 us to command fire to come down from heaven and consume them James and John suggested this method of judgment because they knew that this was how the prophets such as Elijah had judged people who rejected God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 9 55 pj6b στραφεὶς…ἐπετίμησεν αὐτοῖς 1 he turned and rebuked them “Jesus turned and rebuked James and John.” Jesus did not condemn the Samaritans as the disciples expected. LUK 9 57 qa3h τις 1 someone This was not one of the disciples. LUK 9 58 yq5n writing-proverbs αἱ ἀλώπεκες φωλεοὺς ἔχουσιν…οὐκ ἔχει ποῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν κλίνῃ 1 The foxes have holes…does not have anywhere he might lay his head Jesus responds with a proverb to teach the man about being Jesus’ disciple. Jesus implies that if the man were to follow him, that man too might not have a home. Alternate translation: “Foxes have holes…nowhere to lay his head. So do not expect that you will have a home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 9 58 anv9 αἱ ἀλώπεκες 1 The foxes These are land animals similar to small dogs. They sleep in a den or a burrow in the ground. LUK 9 58 c88m τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 the birds in the sky “birds that fly in the air” LUK 9 58 r7vq figs-123person ὁ…Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου…τὴν κεφαλὴν 1 the Son of Man has…his head Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man, have…my head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 9 58 ff62 figs-hyperbole οὐκ ἔχει ποῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν κλίνῃ 1 does not have anywhere he might lay his head “nowhere to rest my head” or “nowhere to sleep.” Jesus exaggerates to emphasize that he has no permanent home and that people did not often invite him to stay with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 9 59 ee68 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to talk with the people along the road. LUK 9 59 u1nl ἀκολούθει μοι 1 Follow me By saying this Jesus is asking the person to become his disciple and to go with him. LUK 9 59 li7w ἐπίτρεψόν μοι ἀπελθόντι, πρῶτον θάψαι τὸν πατέρα μου 1 first permit me to go and bury my father It is unclear whether the man’s father has died and he will bury him immediately, or if the man wants to stay for a longer amount of time until his father dies so he can bury him then. The main point is the man wants to do something else first before he follows Jesus. LUK 9 59 sy4y ἐπίτρεψόν μοι ἀπελθόντι, πρῶτον 1 first permit me to go “before I do that, let me go” LUK 9 60 ta92 figs-metaphor ἄφες τοὺς νεκροὺς θάψαι τοὺς ἑαυτῶν νεκρούς 1 Let the dead bury their own dead Jesus does not mean literally that dead people will bury other dead people. Possible meanings of “the dead” are 1) it is a metaphor for those who will soon die, or 2) it is a metaphor for those who do not follow Jesus and are spiritually dead. The main point is that a disciple must not let anything delay him from following Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 9 60 a4tc figs-nominaladj τοὺς νεκροὺς 1 the dead This refers to dead people in general. Alternate translation: “the dead people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) LUK 9 61 r84e ἀκολουθήσω σοι 1 I will follow you “I will join you as a disciple” or “I am ready to follow you” LUK 9 61 cne4 πρῶτον…ἐπίτρεψόν μοι ἀποτάξασθαι τοῖς εἰς τὸν οἶκόν μου 1 first permit me to say goodbye to those in my home “before I do that, let me tell my people at my home that I am leaving” LUK 9 62 j8xt writing-proverbs οὐδεὶς…εὔθετός ἐστιν τῇ Βασιλείᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 No one…fit for the kingdom of God Jesus responds with a proverb to teach the man about being his disciple. Jesus means that a person is not suitable for the kingdom to God if he focuses on people in his past instead of following Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 9 62 zdz4 figs-idiom οὐδεὶς ἐπιβαλὼν τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ ἐπ’ ἄροτρον 1 No one having put his hand to the plow Here “puts his hand to” something is an idiom that means the person starts to do something. Alternate translation: “No one who starts to plow his field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) LUK 9 62 pv99 βλέπων εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω 1 looking back Anyone who is looking back while plowing cannot guide the plow where it needs to go. That person must focus on looking forward in order to plow well. LUK 9 62 k2kn εὔθετός ἐστιν τῇ Βασιλείᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 is fit for the kingdom of God “useful for the kingdom of God” or “suitable for the kingdom of God” LUK 10 intro z899 0 # Luke 10 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Harvest<br><br>Harvest is when people go out to get the food they have planted so they can bring it to their houses and eat it. Jesus used this as a metaphor to teach his followers that they need to go and tell other people about Jesus so those people can be part of God’s kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### Neighbor<br><br>A neighbor is anyone who lives nearby. The Jews helped their Jewish neighbors who needed help, and they expected their Jewish neighbors to help them. Jesus wanted them to understand that people who were not Jews were also their neighbors, so he told them a parable ([Luke 10:29-36](./29.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])<br> LUK 10 1 c5vi 0 General Information: Jesus sends out 70 more people ahead of him. Those 70 return with joy, and Jesus responds with praise to his heavenly Father. LUK 10 1 u8l6 writing-newevent δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 10 1 m75c translate-numbers ἑβδομήκοντα 1 seventy “70.” Some versions say “seventy-two” or “72.” You may want to include a footnote that says that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) LUK 10 1 g8ka ἀπέστειλεν αὐτοὺς ἀνὰ δύο 1 sent them out two by two “sent them out in groups of two” or “sent them out with two people in each group” LUK 10 2 fx9w figs-events ἔλεγεν δὲ πρὸς αὐτούς 1 He said to them This was before the men actually went out. Alternate translation: “He had said to them” or “Before they went out he told them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) LUK 10 2 ju6z figs-metaphor ὁ μὲν θερισμὸς πολύς, οἱ δὲ ἐργάται ὀλίγοι 1 The harvest is plentiful, but the laborers are few “There is a big crop, but not enough workers to bring it in.” Jesus means there are many people ready to enter God’s kingdom, but there are not enough disciples to go teach and help the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 10 3 x732 ὑπάγετε 1 Go on your way “Go to the cities” or “Go to the people” LUK 10 3 u8h7 figs-simile ἀποστέλλω ὑμᾶς ὡς ἄρνας ἐν μέσῳ λύκων 1 I send you out as lambs in the midst of wolves Wolves attack and kill sheep. This metaphor therefore means that there are people who would attempt to harm the disciples that Jesus is sending out. The names of other animals could be substituted. Alternate translation: “when I send you out, people will want to harm you, as wolves attack sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) LUK 10 4 fz6p μὴ βαστάζετε βαλλάντιον, μὴ πήραν, μὴ ὑποδήματα 1 Do not carry a money bag, nor a traveler’s bag, nor sandals “Do not take with you a bag, a traveler’s bag, or sandals” LUK 10 4 tj52 μηδένα κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν ἀσπάσησθε 1 greet no one on the road “do not greet anyone on the road.” Jesus was emphasizing that they should go quickly to the towns and do this work. He was not telling them to be rude. LUK 10 5 zk69 figs-metonymy εἰρήνη τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ 1 Peace be on this house This was both a greeting and a blessing. Here “house” refers to those who live in the house. Alternate translation: “May the people in this household receive peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 10 6 x5e4 υἱὸς εἰρήνης 1 a son of peace “a peaceful person.” This is a person who wants peace with God and with people. LUK 10 6 pq5j figs-personification ἐπαναπαήσεται ἐπ’ αὐτὸν ἡ εἰρήνη ὑμῶν 1 your peace will rest upon him Here “peace” is described as a living thing that can choose where to stay. Alternate translation: “he will have the peace you blessed him with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) LUK 10 6 it4v figs-ellipsis εἰ…μή γε 1 if not It may be helpful to restate the entire phrase. Alternate translation: “if there is no person of peace there” or “if the owner of the house is not a peaceful person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 10 6 zpx9 figs-personification ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς ἀνακάμψει 1 it will return to you Here “peace” is described as a living thing that can choose to leave. Alternate translation: “you will have that peace” or “he will not receive the peace you blessed him with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) LUK 10 7 ki3k ἐν αὐτῇ δὲ τῇ οἰκίᾳ μένετε 1 Now remain in that same house Jesus was not saying that they should stay in the house all day, but that they should sleep at the same house every night they were there. Alternate translation: “Continue to sleep at that house” LUK 10 7 u3vs ἄξιος γὰρ ὁ ἐργάτης τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 for the laborer is worthy of his wages This is a general principle that Jesus was applying to the men he was sending out. Since they would be teaching and healing the people, the people should provide them with a place to stay and with food. LUK 10 7 kd8i figs-idiom μὴ μεταβαίνετε ἐξ οἰκίας εἰς οἰκίαν 1 Do not move around from house to house Moving around from house to house means going to different houses. It can be made clear that he was talking about staying overnight at different houses. “Do not go sleep at a different house each night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 10 8 k8yb καὶ δέχωνται ὑμᾶς 1 and they receive you “if they welcome you” LUK 10 8 wd2x figs-activepassive ἐσθίετε τὰ παρατιθέμενα ὑμῖν 1 eat what is set before you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “eat whatever food they give you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 10 9 ws6g figs-nominaladj τοὺς…ἀσθενεῖς 1 the sick This refers to sick people in general. Alternate translation: “the sick people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) LUK 10 9 e1he figs-abstractnouns ἤγγικεν ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 The kingdom of God has come close to you The abstract noun “kingdom” can be expressed with the verbs “reign” or “rule.” Possible meanings are 1) the kingdom of God will begin soon. Alternate translation: “God will soon rule everywhere as king” or 2) the activities of kingdom of God are happening all around you. Alternate translation: “The proof that God is reigning is all around you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LUK 10 10 nt9n καὶ μὴ δέχωνται ὑμᾶς 1 and they do not receive you “if the people of the city reject you” LUK 10 11 bc9h translate-symaction καὶ τὸν κονιορτὸν τὸν κολληθέντα ἡμῖν, ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ὑμῶν εἰς τοὺς πόδας ἀπομασσόμεθα ὑμῖν 1 Even the dust from your town that clings to our feet we wipe off against you This is a symbolic action to show that they reject the people of the city. Alternate translation: “Just as you rejected us, we thoroughly reject you. We even reject the dust from your town that clings to our feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) LUK 10 11 yg83 figs-exclusive ἀπομασσόμεθα 1 we wipe off Since Jesus was sending these people out in groups of two, it would be two people saying this. So languages that have a dual form of “we” would use it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) LUK 10 11 s7ks πλὴν τοῦτο γινώσκετε, ὅτι ἤγγικεν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 But know this, that the kingdom of God has come near The phrase “But know this” introduces a warning. It means “Even though you reject us, it does not change the fact that the kingdom of God is near!” LUK 10 11 fdk3 figs-abstractnouns ἤγγικεν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 The kingdom of God has come near The abstract noun “kingdom” can be expressed with the verbs “reign” or “rule.” See how you translated a similar sentence in [Luke 10:8](../10/08.md). Alternate translation: “God will soon rule everywhere as king” or “The proof that God is reigning is all around you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LUK 10 12 hhl1 λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I say to you Jesus was saying this to the 70 people he was sending out. He said this to show that he was about to say something very important. LUK 10 12 m7ch figs-explicit τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ 1 that day The disciples would have understood that this refers to the time of final judgment of sinners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 10 12 qg62 figs-metonymy Σοδόμοις…ἀνεκτότερον ἔσται, ἢ τῇ πόλει ἐκείνῃ 1 it will be more tolerable for Sodom than for that town “God will not judge Sodom as severely as he will judge that town.” Alternate translation: “God will judge the people of that town more severely than he will judge the people of Sodom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 10 13 sf42 figs-apostrophe οὐαί σοι, Χοραζείν! οὐαί σοι, Βηθσαϊδά! 1 Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! Jesus speaks as if the people of the cities of Chorazin and Bethsaida are there listening to him, but they are not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 10 13 mvq5 figs-hypo ὅτι εἰ ἐν Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι ἐγενήθησαν αἱ δυνάμεις, αἱ γενόμεναι ἐν ὑμῖν 1 For if the mighty works which were done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon Jesus is describing a situation that could have happened in the past but did not. Alternate translation: “If someone had performed the miracles for the people of Tyre and Sidon that I performed for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 10 13 it4x πάλαι ἂν…καθήμενοι μετενόησαν 1 they would have repented long ago, sitting “the wicked people who lived there would have shown that they were sorry for their sins by sitting” LUK 10 13 xh7f ἐν…σάκκῳ καὶ σποδῷ καθήμενοι 1 sitting in sackcloth and ashes “wearing sackcloth and sitting in ashes” LUK 10 14 ikt3 figs-explicit πλὴν Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι, ἀνεκτότερον ἔσται ἐν τῇ κρίσει ἢ ὑμῖν 1 But it will be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the judgment than for you It may be helpful to clearly state the reason for their judgment. Alternate translation: “But because you did not repent and believe in me even though you saw me do miracles, God will judge you more severely than he will judge the people of Tyre and Sidon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 10 14 txw5 ἐν τῇ κρίσει 1 at the judgment “on that final day when God judges everyone” LUK 10 15 h28u figs-apostrophe σύ, Καφαρναούμ 1 you, Capernaum Jesus now speaks to the people in the city of Capernaum as if they are listening to him, but they are not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 10 15 enp6 figs-rquestion μὴ ἕως οὐρανοῦ ὑψωθήσῃ? 1 you will not be exalted to heaven, will you? Jesus uses a question to rebuke the people of Capernaum for their pride. Alternate translation: “you will certainly not go up to heaven!” or “God will not honor you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 10 15 gk9v ἕως οὐρανοῦ ὑψωθήσῃ 1 exalted to heaven This expression means “greatly exalted.” LUK 10 15 bjh5 figs-activepassive τοῦ ᾍδου καταβήσῃ 1 you will be brought down to Hades This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will go down to Hades” or “God will send you to Hades” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 10 16 i786 figs-simile ὁ ἀκούων ὑμῶν, ἐμοῦ ἀκούει 1 The one who listens to you listens to me The comparison can be clearly stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “When someone listens to you, it is as if they were listening to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) LUK 10 16 q56b figs-simile ὁ…ἀθετῶν ὑμᾶς, ἐμὲ ἀθετεῖ 1 the one who rejects you rejects me The comparison can be clearly stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “when someone rejects you, it is as if they were rejecting me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) LUK 10 16 g3fx figs-simile ὁ…ἐμὲ ἀθετῶν, ἀθετεῖ τὸν ἀποστείλαντά με 1 the one who rejects me rejects the one who sent me The comparison can be clearly stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “when someone rejects me, it is as if they were rejecting the one who sent me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) LUK 10 16 eus8 figs-explicit τὸν ἀποστείλαντά με 1 the one who sent me This refers to God the Father, who appointed Jesus for this special task. Alternate translation: “God, who sent me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 10 17 m7nh figs-explicit ὑπέστρεψαν δὲ οἱ ἑβδομήκοντα 1 Then the seventy returned Some languages will need to say that the seventy actually went out first as the UST does. This is implicit information that can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 10 17 prj8 translate-numbers ἑβδομήκοντα 1 seventy You may want to add a footnote: “Some versions have ‘72’ instead of ‘70.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) LUK 10 17 cx7b figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σου 1 in your name Here “name” refers to Jesus’ power and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 10 18 a37w figs-simile ἐθεώρουν τὸν Σατανᾶν ὡς ἀστραπὴν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πεσόντα 1 I was watching Satan fall from heaven as lightning Jesus used a simile to compare how God was defeating Satan when his 70 disciples were preaching in the towns to the way lightning strikes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) LUK 10 18 v8fl ὡς ἀστραπὴν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πεσόντα 1 fall from heaven as lightning Possible meanings are 1) fell as quickly as lighting strikes, or 2) fell down from heaven as lightning strikes downward. Since both meaning are possible, it may be best to keep the image. LUK 10 19 xl7q figs-metaphor τὴν ἐξουσίαν τοῦ πατεῖν ἐπάνω ὄφεων καὶ σκορπίων 1 authority to tread on serpents and scorpions “authority to trample on snakes and crush scorpions.” Possible meanings are 1) snakes and scorpions are a metaphor for evil spirits. Alternate translation: “the right to defeat evil spirits” or 2) this refers to actual snakes and scorpions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 10 19 cq5x figs-ellipsis τοῦ πατεῖν ἐπάνω ὄφεων καὶ σκορπίων 1 to tread on serpents and scorpions This implies that they would do this and not be injured. Alternate translation: “walk on snakes and scorpions and they will not hurt you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 10 19 mla6 σκορπίων 1 scorpions Scorpions are small animals with two claws and a poisonous stinger on their tail. LUK 10 19 uvt4 figs-ellipsis ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ ἐχθροῦ 1 over all the power of the enemy “I have given you authority to crush the power of the enemy” or “I have given you authority to defeat the enemy.” The enemy is Satan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 10 20 cs52 figs-hyperbole ἐν τούτῳ μὴ χαίρετε, ὅτι τὰ πνεύματα ὑμῖν ὑποτάσσεται, χαίρετε δὲ ὅτι τὰ ὀνόματα ὑμῶν ἐνγέγραπται ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 do not rejoice in this, that the spirits submit to you, but rejoice that your names are written in heaven This is an exaggeration to show that the thing they should rejoice about most is that their names are written in heaven. “do not rejoice only because the spirits submit to you” can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “rejoice that your names are written in heaven even more than you rejoice that the spirits submit to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 10 20 s4cj figs-activepassive τὰ ὀνόματα ὑμῶν ἐνγέγραπται ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 your names are written in heaven This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has written your names in heaven” or “your names are on the list of people who are citizens of heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 10 21 mf9d guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πάτερ 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) LUK 10 21 rs3w figs-merism Κύριε τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῆς γῆς 1 Lord of heaven and earth “heaven” and “earth” represent everything that exists. Alternate translation: “Master over everyone and everything in heaven and earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) LUK 10 21 n6xb ταῦτα 1 these things This refers to Jesus’ previous teaching about the authority of the disciples. It may be best to simply say “these things” and let the reader determine the meaning. LUK 10 21 i2zf figs-irony σοφῶν καὶ συνετῶν 1 the wise and understanding The words “wise” and “understanding” are nominal adjectives that refer to people with these qualities. Because God had concealed truth from them, these people were not actually wise and understanding, even though they thought they were. Alternate translation: “from people who think they are wise and have understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) LUK 10 21 a175 figs-ellipsis νηπίοις 1 to little children This refers to those who may not have much education but who are willing to accept Jesus’ teachings in the same way that little children willingly listen to those they trust. Alternate translation: “people who may have little education, but who listen to God as little children do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) LUK 10 21 nm6t ὅτι οὕτως εὐδοκία ἐγένετο ἔμπροσθέν σου 1 for so it was well pleasing in your sight “for it pleased you to do this” LUK 10 22 e47e figs-activepassive πάντα μοι παρεδόθη ὑπὸ τοῦ Πατρός μου 1 All things have been entrusted to me from my Father This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My Father has handed everything over to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 10 22 fp68 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Πατρός…ὁ Υἱὸς 1 Father…the Son These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) LUK 10 22 six4 γινώσκει τίς ἐστιν ὁ Υἱὸς 1 knows who the Son is The word that is translated as “knows” means to know from personal experience. God the Father knows Jesus in this way. LUK 10 22 xm3s figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς 1 the Son Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 10 22 k9qs εἰ μὴ ὁ Πατήρ 1 except the Father This means only the Father knows who the Son is. LUK 10 22 zg14 τίς ἐστιν ὁ Πατὴρ 1 who the Father is The word that is translated as “knows” means to know from personal experience. Jesus knows God his Father in this way. LUK 10 22 rkt2 εἰ μὴ ὁ Υἱὸς 1 except the Son This means only the Son knows who the Father is. LUK 10 22 evw3 ᾧ ἐὰν βούληται ὁ Υἱὸς ἀποκαλύψαι 1 to whomever the Son chooses to reveal him “whoever the Son desires to show the Father to” LUK 10 23 yd5s figs-explicit καὶ στραφεὶς πρὸς τοὺς μαθητὰς κατ’ ἰδίαν 1 Then he turned around to the disciples and said privately The word “privately” indicates that he was alone with his disciples. Alternate translation: “Later, when he was alone with his disciples, he turned to them and said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 10 23 mq23 figs-explicit μακάριοι οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ οἱ βλέποντες ἃ βλέπετε! 1 Blessed are those who see the things that you see! This probably refers to the good works and miracles that Jesus was doing. Alternate translation: “How good it is for those who see the things that you see me doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 10 24 f32w figs-explicit καὶ οὐκ εἶδαν 1 and did not see them This implies that Jesus was not yet doing those things. Alternate translation: “but could not see them because I was not doing them yet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 10 24 q61s figs-explicit ἃ ἀκούετε 1 what you hear This probably refers to the teaching of Jesus. Alternate translation: “the things that you have heard me say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 10 24 mb4b figs-explicit καὶ οὐκ ἤκουσαν 1 and did not hear them This implies that Jesus was not yet teaching. Alternate translation: “but could not hear them because I had not yet started to teach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 10 25 c82w figs-parables 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus replies with a story to an expert in the Jewish law who wants to test Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) LUK 10 25 klh4 writing-newevent καὶ ἰδοὺ, νομικός τις 1 Now see, a certain expert in the Jewish law This alerts us to a new event and a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 10 25 c6ac ἐκπειράζων αὐτὸν 1 test him “challenge Jesus” LUK 10 25 dh16 κληρονομήσω 1 to inherit “so that God will give me” LUK 10 26 nj77 figs-rquestion ἐν τῷ νόμῳ τί γέγραπται? πῶς ἀναγινώσκεις? 1 What is written in the law? How do you read it? Jesus is not seeking information. He uses these questions to test the Jewish law expert’s knowledge. Alternate translation: “Tell me what Moses wrote in the law and what you think it means.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 10 26 m2nl figs-activepassive ἐν τῷ νόμῳ τί γέγραπται? πῶς ἀναγινώσκεις? 1 What is written in the law? This can be asked in active form. Alternate translation: “What did Moses write in the law?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 10 26 a8nt πῶς ἀναγινώσκεις? 1 How do you read it? “What have you read in it?” or “What do you understand it to say?” LUK 10 27 hxk1 ἀγαπήσεις…τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν 1 You will love…your neighbor as yourself The man is quoting what Moses wrote in the law. LUK 10 27 fzb6 figs-metonymy ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχῇ σου, καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ ἰσχύϊ σου, καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ διανοίᾳ σου 1 with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These four phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) LUK 10 27 k1el figs-simile τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν 1 your neighbor as yourself This simile can be stated more clearly. Alternate translation: “love your neighbor as much as you love yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) LUK 10 28 xd4n ζήσῃ 1 you will live “God will give you eternal life” LUK 10 29 xt23 ὁ δὲ θέλων δικαιῶσαι ἑαυτὸν, εἶπεν 1 But he, desiring to justify himself, said “But the expert wanted to find a way to justify himself, so he said” or “But wanting to appear righteous, the expert said” LUK 10 29 lr4m figs-explicit τίς ἐστίν μου πλησίον? 1 who is my neighbor? The man wanted to know whom he was required to love. Alternate translation: “Whom should I consider to be my neighbor and love as I love myself?” or “Which people are my neighbors that I should love?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 10 30 bh6g figs-parables ὑπολαβὼν δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν 1 In reply, Jesus saidSo Jesus answered and said Jesus answers the man’s question by telling a parable. Alternate translation: “As an answer to the man’s question, Jesus told him this story” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) LUK 10 30 e1lv writing-participants ἄνθρωπός τις 1 A certain man This introduces a new character in the parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 10 30 v2ms λῃσταῖς περιέπεσεν, οἳ 1 He fell among robbers, who “He was surrounded by robbers, who” or “Some robbers attacked him. They” LUK 10 30 heb5 ἐκδύσαντες 1 having stripped “taken everything he had” or “stolen all his things” LUK 10 30 r3gd figs-idiom ἡμιθανῆ 1 half dead This idiom means “almost dead.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 10 31 i3sf κατὰ συνκυρίαν 1 By chance This was not something that any person had planned. LUK 10 31 plr2 writing-participants ἱερεύς τις 1 a certain priest This expression introduces a new person in the story, but does not identify him by name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 10 31 gh79 figs-explicit ἰδὼν αὐτὸν 1 when he saw him “when the priest saw the injured man.” A priest is a very religious person, so the audience would assume that he would help the injured man. Since he did not, this phrase could be stated as “but when he saw him” to call attention to this unexpected result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 10 31 xiu7 figs-explicit ἀντιπαρῆλθεν 1 he passed by on the other side It is implied that he did not help the man. Alternate translation: “he did not help the injured man but instead walked past him on the other side of the road” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 10 32 lf3l figs-explicit Λευείτης…ἀντιπαρῆλθεν 1 a Levite…passed by on the other side The Levite served in the temple. He would be expected to help his fellow Jewish man. Since he did not, it may are helpful to state that. Alternate translation: “a Levite…the other side and did not help him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 10 33 z3ct writing-participants Σαμαρείτης δέ τις 1 But a certain Samaritan This introduces a new person in the story without giving his name. We know only that he was from Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 10 33 cyp5 figs-explicit Σαμαρείτης…τις 1 a certain Samaritan The Jews despised the Samaritans and would have assumed that he would not help the injured Jewish man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 10 33 tu1c ἰδὼν 1 When he saw him “When the Samaritan saw the injured man” LUK 10 33 w8qm ἐσπλαγχνίσθη 1 he was moved with compassion “he felt sorry for him” LUK 10 34 emq5 figs-events κατέδησεν τὰ τραύματα αὐτοῦ, ἐπιχέων ἔλαιον καὶ οἶνον 1 bound up his wounds, pouring on oil and wine He would have put the oil and wine on the wounds first, and then bound the wounds. Alternate translation: “he put wine and oil on the wounds and wrapped them with cloth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) LUK 10 34 um21 figs-explicit ἐπιχέων ἔλαιον καὶ οἶνον 1 pouring on oil and wine Wine was used to clean the wound, and oil was probably used to prevent infection. This can be stated. Alternate translation: “pouring oil and wine on them to help heal them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 10 34 ktz4 τὸ ἴδιον κτῆνος 1 his own animal “his own pack animal.” This was an animal that he used to carry heavy loads. It was probably a donkey. LUK 10 35 z9w5 translate-bmoney δύο δηνάρια 1 two denarii “two day’s wages.” “Denarii” is the plural of “denarius.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) LUK 10 35 nu6t τῷ πανδοχεῖ 1 the host “the innkeeper” or “the person who took care of the inn” LUK 10 35 f5dz ὅ τι ἂν προσδαπανήσῃς, ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ ἐπανέρχεσθαί με ἀποδώσω σοι 1 whatever more you might spend, when I return, I will repay you This could be reordered. Alternate translation: “when I return, I will repay you whatever amount you may need to spend that is more than this” LUK 10 36 pa6a τίς τούτων τῶν τριῶν πλησίον δοκεῖ σοι…τοὺς λῃστάς? 1 Which of these three do you think…the robbers? This could be written as two questions. Alternate translation: “What do you think? Which of these three men was a neighbor…robbers?” LUK 10 36 v31w πλησίον…γεγονέναι 1 was a neighbor “showed himself to be a true neighbor” LUK 10 36 kv4z τοῦ ἐμπεσόντος εἰς τοὺς λῃστάς 1 to the one who fell among the robbers “to the man whom the robbers attacked” LUK 10 37 ig9x figs-ellipsis πορεύου καὶ σὺ ποίει ὁμοίως 1 Go and you do the same It might be helpful to give more information. Alternate translation: “In the same way, you should also go and help people as much as you can” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 10 38 g8u4 0 General Information: Jesus comes to Martha’s house where her sister Mary listens to Jesus with great attention. LUK 10 38 kv4q writing-newevent δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 10 38 x6b2 ἐν…τῷ πορεύεσθαι αὐτοὺς 1 as they were traveling along “as Jesus and his disciples were traveling along” LUK 10 38 e79m κώμην τινά 1 a certain village This introduces the village as a new location, but does not name it. LUK 10 38 i17j writing-participants γυνὴ…τις ὀνόματι Μάρθα 1 a certain woman named Martha This introduces Martha as a new character. Your language may have a way of introducing new people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 10 39 fal8 figs-explicit καὶ παρακαθεσθεῖσα πρὸς τοὺς πόδας τοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 who also sat at the feet of Jesus This was the normal and respectful position for a learner at that time. Alternate translation: “sat on the floor near Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 10 39 i74b figs-metonymy ἤκουεν τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ 1 listened to his word This refers to everything that Jesus taught while at Martha’s house. Alternate translation: “listened to the Lord teach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 10 40 adr5 περιεσπᾶτο 1 was distracted “very busy” or “too busy” LUK 10 40 jd9a figs-rquestion οὐ μέλει σοι…μόνην με κατέλιπεν διακονεῖν? 1 do you not care…me to serve alone? Martha is complaining that the Lord is allowing Mary to sit listening to him when there is so much work to do. She respects the Lord, so she uses a rhetorical question to make her complaint more polite. Alternate translation: “it seems like you do not care…alone.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 10 41 dsw3 Μάρθα, Μάρθα 1 Martha, Martha Jesus repeats Martha’s name for emphasis. Alternate translation: “Dear Martha” or “You, Martha” LUK 10 42 hqt4 figs-explicit ἑνός…ἐστιν χρεία 1 only one thing is necessary Jesus is contrasting what Mary is doing with what Martha is doing. It may be helpful to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “the only thing that is really necessary is to listen to my teaching” or “listening to my teaching is more necessary than preparing a meal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 10 42 nzn8 figs-activepassive ἥτις οὐκ ἀφαιρεθήσεται ἀπ’ αὐτῆς 1 which will not be taken away from her Possible meanings are 1) “I will not take this opportunity away from her” or 2) “she will not lose what she has gained as she was listening to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 11 intro j6le 0 # Luke 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 11:2-4 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are a special prayer.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The Lord’s Prayer<br><br>When Jesus’ followers asked him to teach them how to pray, he taught them this prayer. He did not expect them to use the same words every time they prayed, but he did want them to know what God wanted them to pray about.<br><br>### Jonah<br><br>Jonah was an Old Testament prophet who was sent to the Gentile city of Nineveh to tell them to repent. When he told them to repent, they repented. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>### Light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>### Washing<br><br>The Pharisees would wash themselves and the things they ate with. They would even wash things that were not dirty. The law of Moses did not tell them to wash these things, but they would wash them anyway. This was because they thought that if they obeyed both the rules that God had made and some rules that God had not made, God would think that they were better people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])<br> LUK 11 1 rkn4 0 General Information: The is the beginning of the next part of the story. Jesus teaches his disciples to pray. LUK 11 1 fl3j writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 Now it happened that This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 11 1 c9n4 ἐν τῷ εἶναι αὐτὸν…τις 1 when Jesus was praying…one It may be more natural to state that Jesus finished praying before the disciple asked the question. Alternate translation: “that Jesus was praying in a certain place. When he finished praying, one of” LUK 11 2 fzc6 εἶπεν δὲ αὐτοῖς 1 So he said to them “Jesus said to his disciples” LUK 11 2 n3pz guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πάτερ 1 Father Jesus is commanding the disciples to honor the name of God the Father by addressing him as “Father” when praying to him. This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) LUK 11 2 b6sr figs-metonymy ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου 1 may your name be honored as holy “cause everyone to honor your name.” “Name” often refers to the entire person. Alternate translation: “may all people honor you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 11 2 tm1a figs-metonymy ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου 1 May your kingdom come The action of God ruling over everyone is spoken of as if it were God himself. Alternate translation: “May you come and rule over everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 11 3 d3bw 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to teach his disciples how to pray. LUK 11 3 q89w δίδου ἡμῖν 1 Give us This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a request, rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add something such as “please” to them to make this clear. Alternate translation: “Please give us” LUK 11 3 s6qp figs-synecdoche τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον 1 our daily bread Bread was an inexpensive food that people ate every day. It is used here to refer to food in general. Alternate translation: “the food we need each day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LUK 11 4 iid7 καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν…μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς 1 Forgive us…Do not lead us These are imperatives, but they should be translated as requests, rather than as commands. It may be helpful to add something such as “please” to them to make this clear. Alternate translation: “Please forgive us…Please do not lead us” LUK 11 4 d9w3 ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν 1 Forgive us our sins “Forgive us for sinning against you” or “Forgive our sins” LUK 11 4 m7ej καὶ γὰρ αὐτοὶ ἀφίομεν 1 for we also forgive “since we also forgive” LUK 11 4 wi99 ὀφείλοντι ἡμῖν 1 who is in debt to us “who has sinned against us” or “who has done wrong things to us” LUK 11 4 db55 μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν 1 do not lead us into temptation This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Lead us away from temptation” LUK 11 5 sa5c 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to teach his disciples about prayer. LUK 11 5 y1s9 χρῆσόν μοι τρεῖς ἄρτους 1 lend to me three loaves of bread “let me borrow three loaves of bread” or “give me three loaves of bread and I will pay you later.” The host does not have any food ready to give to his guest. LUK 11 5 fu6a figs-synecdoche τρεῖς ἄρτους 1 three loaves of bread Bread is often used to represent food in general. Alternate translation: “enough cooked food for a meal” or “enough prepared food for a person to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LUK 11 6 ggn1 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes asking a question that begins in verse 5. LUK 11 6 ua8t figs-rquestion ἐπειδὴ φίλος…παραθήσω αὐτῷ 1 since a friend…to set before him’? Jesus uses a question to teach the disciples. “Suppose one of you has…to set before him’.” or “Suppose you have…to set before him’.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 11 6 zl5w figs-explicit παρεγένετο ἐξ ὁδοῦ πρός με 1 just came to me from the road It is implied that the visitor has come far from his home. Alternate translation: “was traveling and just came to my house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 11 6 zp7j ὃ παραθήσω αὐτῷ 1 anything to set before him “any food ready to give him” LUK 11 7 vhf7 οὐ δύναμαι ἀναστὰς 1 I am not able to get up “It is not convenient for me to get up” LUK 11 8 zl2k figs-you λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I say to you Jesus was speaking to the disciples. The word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 11 8 qyu7 δώσει αὐτῷ…διὰ τὸ εἶναι…αὐτοῦ…αὐτοῦ…αὐτῷ…χρῄζει 1 to give it to him because he is…his…his…him…he needs Jesus addresses the disciples as if they were the ones asking for bread. Alternate translation: “give bread to him because he is…his…he…he needs” LUK 11 8 prx6 figs-abstractnouns διά γε τὴν ἀναίδειαν αὐτοῦ 1 yet because of your shameless persistence The phrase can be reworded to eliminate the abstract noun “persistence.” Alternate translation: “because you persist shamelessly” or “because you boldly continue to ask him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LUK 11 9 j4ef figs-you αἰτεῖτε…ζητεῖτε…κρούετε 1 ask…seek…knock Jesus gives these commands to encourage his disciples to pray continually. Some languages may also require more information with these verbs. Use the form of “you” that would be most appropriate in this context. Alternate translation: “keep asking for what you need…keep seeking what you need from God…find it…keep knocking on the door” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 11 9 i7j9 figs-activepassive δοθήσεται ὑμῖν 1 it will be given to you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will give it to you” or “you will receive it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 11 9 l1f6 figs-metaphor κρούετε 1 knock To knock at a door is to hit it a few times to let a person inside the house know you are standing outside. It can also be translated using the way people in your culture show that they have arrived, such as “call out” or “cough” or “clap.” Here, it means a person should keep praying to God until he answers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 11 9 kp3h figs-activepassive ἀνοιγήσεται ὑμῖν 1 it will be opened to you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will open the door for you” or “God will welcome you inside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 11 11 km3x 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes teaching his disciples about prayer. LUK 11 11 q63d figs-rquestion τίνα δὲ ἐξ ὑμῶν τὸν πατέρα…ἰχθύος, ὄφιν αὐτῷ ἐπιδώσει? 1 Which father among you…he will give him a snake…a fish? Jesus uses a question to teach his disciples. It could also be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “None of you fathers…a fish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 11 12 r52w figs-rquestion ἢ καὶ αἰτήσει…αὐτῷ σκορπίον? 1 Or if he asks…scorpion to him? Jesus uses a question to teach his disciples. It could also be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “And you would never give him a scorpion if he asks for an egg” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 11 12 e8hr translate-unknown σκορπίον 1 a scorpion A scorpion is similar to a spider, but it has a tail with a poisonous sting. If scorpions are not known where you are, you could translate this as “poisonous spider” or “spider that stings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) LUK 11 13 g99r εἰ…ὑμεῖς πονηροὶ ὑπάρχοντες, οἴδατε 1 if you who are evil know “since you who are evil know” or “even though you are sinful, you know” LUK 11 13 aww7 figs-rquestion πόσῳ μᾶλλον ὁ Πατὴρ ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, δώσει Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον…αὐτόν? 1 how much more will your Father from heaven give the Holy Spirit…him? “how much more certain is it that your Father in heaven will give the Holy Spirit…him?” Jesus again uses a question to teach his disciples. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “you can be sure that your Father from heaven will give the Holy Spirit…him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 11 14 r2sx 0 General Information: Jesus is questioned after he drives a demon out of a mute man. LUK 11 14 uyu1 writing-newevent καὶ 1 Now The author uses this word to mark the beginning of a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 11 14 cly7 figs-ellipsis ἦν ἐκβάλλων δαιμόνιον 1 Jesus was driving out a demon It may be helpful to add extra information. Alternate translation: “Jesus was driving a demon out of a person” or “Jesus was making a demon leave a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 11 14 afa8 figs-explicit δαιμόνιον κωφόν 1 a demon that was mute The demon has power to prevent people from speaking. Alternate translation: “demon that caused the man to be unable to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 11 14 l6cg καὶ 1 Now This word is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. When the demon comes out of the man, some of the people criticize Jesus, and that leads to Jesus teaching about evil spirits. LUK 11 14 p72b figs-ellipsis τοῦ δαιμονίου ἐξελθόντος 1 when the demon had gone out It may be helpful to add extra information. Alternate translation: “when the demon had gone out of the man” or “when the demon left the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 11 14 tnq3 ἐλάλησεν ὁ κωφός 1 the man who had been mute spoke “the man who had been unable to speak now spoke” LUK 11 15 y6zi ἐν Βεελζεβοὺλ τῷ ἄρχοντι τῶν δαιμονίων, ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια 1 By Beelzebul, the ruler of demons, he is driving out demons “He is driving out demons by the power of Beelzebul, the ruler of demons” LUK 11 16 w41v 0 General Information: Jesus begins to respond to the crowd. LUK 11 16 r519 ἕτεροι δὲ πειράζοντες 1 Others tested him “Other people tested Jesus.” They wanted him to prove that his authority was from God. LUK 11 16 x9fw σημεῖον ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἐζήτουν παρ’ αὐτοῦ 1 and sought from him a sign from heaven “and asked him to give a sign from heaven” or “by demanding that he give a sign from heaven.” This was how they wanted him to prove that his authority was from God. LUK 11 17 e36g figs-metonymy πᾶσα βασιλεία ἐφ’ ἑαυτὴν διαμερισθεῖσα ἐρημοῦται 1 Every kingdom divided against itself is made desolate “kingdom” here refers to the people in it. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If people of a kingdom fight among themselves, they will destroy their kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 11 17 rc4h figs-metonymy οἶκος ἐπὶ οἶκον πίπτει 1 a house divided against itself falls Here “house” refers to a family. Alternate translation: “if family members fight each other, they will ruin their family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 11 17 ze6p figs-metaphor πίπτει 1 falls “crashes down and is destroyed.” This image of the house collapsing refers to the destruction of a family when the members fight each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 11 18 i74u figs-metonymy εἰ…ὁ Σατανᾶς ἐφ’ ἑαυτὸν διεμερίσθη 1 if Satan is divided against himself “Satan” here is referring to the demons who follow Satan as well as to Satan himself. Alternate translation: “If Satan and members of his kingdom are fighting among themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 11 18 jd5t figs-rquestion εἰ…ὁ Σατανᾶς…πῶς σταθήσεται ἡ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ? 1 If Satan…how will his kingdom stand? Jesus uses a question to teach the people. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “If Satan…his kingdom will not last.” or “If Satan…his kingdom will fall apart.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 11 18 vnt9 figs-explicit ὅτι λέγετε, ἐν Βεελζεβοὺλ ἐκβάλλειν με τὰ δαιμόνια 1 For you say I force out demons by Beelzebul “For you say that it is by the power of Beelzebul that I make demons leave people.” The next part of his argument can be stated explicitly: Alternate translation: “For you say that it is by the power of Beelzebul that I make demons leave people. That would mean that Satan is divided against himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 11 19 i48v figs-rquestion εἰ δὲ ἐγὼ…οἱ υἱοὶ ὑμῶν ἐν τίνι ἐκβάλλουσιν? 1 Now if I…by whom do your followers drive them out? “If I…by whose power do your followers force demons to leave people?” Jesus uses a question to teach the people. The meaning of Jesus’ question can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “If I…then we must agree that your followers also drive out demons by Beelzebul’s power. But you do not believe that it is true.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 11 19 bs8x αὐτοὶ ὑμῶν κριταὶ ἔσονται 1 they will be your judges “your followers who cast out demons by God’s power will judge you for saying that I cast out demons by Beelzebul’s power” LUK 11 20 y643 figs-metonymy ἐν δακτύλῳ Θεοῦ 1 by the finger of God The “finger of God” refers to God’s power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 11 20 ja3u ἄρα ἔφθασεν ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 then the kingdom of God has come to you “this shows that God’s kingdom has come to you” LUK 11 21 e4d1 figs-metaphor ὅταν ὁ ἰσχυρὸς…ἐν εἰρήνῃ ἐστὶν τὰ ὑπάρχοντα αὐτοῦ 1 When a strong man…his possessions are safe This speaks about Jesus defeating Satan and his demons as if Jesus were a stronger man who takes what belongs to a strong man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 11 21 pb5v ἐν εἰρήνῃ ἐστὶν τὰ ὑπάρχοντα αὐτοῦ 1 his possessions are safe “no one can steal his things” LUK 11 22 g1hx figs-metaphor ἐπὰν…ἰσχυρότερος αὐτοῦ…τὰ σκῦλα αὐτοῦ διαδίδωσιν 1 when one who is stronger than him…divide his possessions This speaks about Jesus defeating Satan and his demons as if Jesus were a stronger man who takes what belongs to a strong man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 11 22 my6r τὴν πανοπλίαν αὐτοῦ αἴρει 1 takes away his armor “removes the man’s weapons and protection” LUK 11 22 zv57 τὰ σκῦλα αὐτοῦ διαδίδωσιν 1 divides his possessions “steals his possessions” or “takes away anything that he wants” LUK 11 23 yw6h ὁ μὴ ὢν μετ’ ἐμοῦ, κατ’ ἐμοῦ ἐστιν; καὶ ὁ μὴ συνάγων μετ’ ἐμοῦ, σκορπίζει 1 The one who is not with me is against me, and the one who does not gather with me scatters This refers to any person or any group of people. “Anyone who is not with me is against me, and anyone who does not gather with me scatters” or “Those who are not with me are against me, and those who do not gather with me scatter” LUK 11 23 h3kb ὁ μὴ ὢν μετ’ ἐμοῦ 1 The one who is not with me “one who does not support me” or “one who does not work with me” LUK 11 23 t7zn κατ’ ἐμοῦ ἐστιν 1 is against me “works against me” LUK 11 23 wa13 figs-explicit ὁ μὴ συνάγων μετ’ ἐμοῦ, σκορπίζει 1 the one who does not gather with me scatters Jesus is referring to gathering disciples who follow him. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “anyone who does not cause people to come and follow me causes them to go away from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 11 24 fpj5 ἀνύδρων τόπων 1 waterless places This refers to “desolate places” where the evil spirits wander. LUK 11 24 yvp4 μὴ εὑρίσκον 1 not finding any “If the spirit does not find any rest there” LUK 11 24 s89t figs-metaphor τὸν οἶκόν μου, ὅθεν ἐξῆλθον 1 my house from which I came This refers to the person in which he used to live. Alternate translation: “the person in whom I used to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 11 25 b4u3 figs-activepassive εὑρίσκει σεσαρωμένον καὶ κεκοσμημένον 1 finds it swept out and put in order This metaphor speaks about the person as if he were a house that is swept clean and things put in their places. It is implied that the house is still empty. This can be stated in active form with that information made explicit. Alternate translation: “finds that the person is like a house that someone has swept clean and organized by putting everything where it belongs, but has left empty” or “finds that the person is like a house that is clean and organized, but empty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 11 26 wqq4 figs-ellipsis χείρονα τῶν πρώτων 1 worse than the first The word “first” refers to the condition of the man while he had the unclean spirit before it left him. Alternate translation: “worse than his condition was before the spirit left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 11 27 bui3 0 General Information: This is a break in Jesus’ teachings. A woman speaks a blessing and Jesus responds. LUK 11 27 m86m writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 Now it happened that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 11 27 pk7m figs-idiom ἐπάρασά…φωνὴν…ἐκ τοῦ ὄχλου 1 raised her voice above the crowd This idiom means “spoke loudly above the noise of the crowd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 11 27 vjt7 figs-synecdoche μακαρία ἡ κοιλία ἡ βαστάσασά σε, καὶ μαστοὶ οὓς ἐθήλασας 1 Blessed is the womb that bore you and the breasts at which you nursed The parts of a woman’s body are used to refer to the whole woman. Alternate translation: “How good it is for the woman who bore you and nursed you at her breasts” or “How happy the woman who bore you and nursed you at her breasts must be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LUK 11 28 c7e8 μενοῦν, μακάριοι οἱ ἀκούοντες 1 Rather, blessed are the ones who hear “It is even better for those” LUK 11 28 c3f2 οἱ ἀκούοντες τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the ones who hear the word of God “hear the message God has spoken” LUK 11 29 u6eq 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues teaching the crowd. LUK 11 29 cf2t τῶν δὲ ὄχλων ἐπαθροιζομένων 1 As the crowds were increasing “As more people were joining the crowd” or “As the crowd was growing larger” LUK 11 29 kt6k ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη γενεὰ πονηρά ἐστιν;…ζητεῖ…αὐτῇ 1 This generation is an evil generation. It seeks…to it Here “generation” refers to the people in it. Alternate translation: “The people living at this time are evil people. They seek…to them” or “You people living at this time are evil people. You seek…to you” LUK 11 29 q19q figs-explicit σημεῖον ζητεῖ 1 It seeks a sign The information about what kind of sign it seeks can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “It wants me to perform a miracle as proof that I have come from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 11 29 s29w figs-activepassive σημεῖον οὐ δοθήσεται αὐτῇ 1 no sign will be given to it This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not give it a sign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 11 29 ft6z τὸ σημεῖον Ἰωνᾶ 1 the sign of Jonah “what happened to Jonah” or “the miracle that God did for Jonah” LUK 11 30 vj9m καθὼς γὰρ ἐγένετο Ἰωνᾶς…σημεῖον, οὕτως…τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ 1 For just as Jonah became a sign…so too…this generation This means that Jesus will serve as a sign from God for the Jews of that day in exactly the same way as Jonah served as a sign from God to the people of Nineveh. LUK 11 30 il7p ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus is referring to himself. LUK 11 30 ax7q τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ 1 this generation “the people living today” LUK 11 31 t1mw βασίλισσα νότου 1 Queen of the South This refers to the Queen of Sheba. Sheba was a kingdom south of Israel. LUK 11 31 bx3c ἐγερθήσεται ἐν τῇ κρίσει μετὰ τῶν ἀνδρῶν τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης 1 will rise up at the judgment with the men of this generation “will stand up and judge the people of this time” LUK 11 31 rnq9 figs-idiom ἦλθεν ἐκ τῶν περάτων τῆς γῆς 1 she came from the ends of the earth This idiom means that she came from very far away. Alternate translation: “she came a very great distance” or “she came from a place very far away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 11 31 cwa7 figs-explicit πλεῖον Σολομῶνος ὧδε 1 someone greater than Solomon is here Jesus is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “I, who am greater than Solomon, am here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 11 31 p75h figs-explicit πλεῖον Σολομῶνος 1 someone greater than Solomon Jesus is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “I am greater than Solomon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 11 32 pkh5 figs-explicit ἄνδρες Νινευεῖται 1 The men of Nineveh It may be helpful to state explicitly that this refers to the ancient city of Nineveh. Alternate translation: “The men who lived in the ancient city of Nineveh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 11 32 g456 figs-gendernotations ἄνδρες 1 The men This includes both men and woman. Alternate translation: “The people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) LUK 11 32 uwp5 τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης 1 this generation “the people of this time” LUK 11 32 lrw7 ὅτι μετενόησαν 1 for they repented “for the people of Nineveh repented” LUK 11 32 ac61 figs-explicit πλεῖον Ἰωνᾶ ὧδε 1 someone greater than Jonah is here Jesus is speaking about himself. It may be helpful to explicitly state that they have not listened to him. Alternate translation: “even though I am greater than Jonah, you still have not repented” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 11 33 lf3j figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Verses 33-36 are a metaphor where Jesus speaks of his teaching as “light” that he wants his disciples to obey and share with others. He speaks of people who do not know or accept his teaching as being in “darkness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 11 33 rl2i 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes teaching the crowd. LUK 11 33 ht3v εἰς κρύπτην τίθησιν, οὐδὲ ὑπὸ τὸν μόδιον 1 puts it in a hidden place or under a basket “hides it or puts in under a basket” LUK 11 33 hz46 figs-ellipsis ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ τὴν λυχνίαν 1 but on the lampstand The understood subject and verb in this clause may be supplied. Alternate translation: “but a person places it on a lampstand” or “but a person puts it on a table” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 11 34 n1pg figs-metaphor ὁ λύχνος τοῦ σώματός ἐστιν ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου 1 The lamp of the body is your eye In this part of the metaphor, the things they saw Jesus do provided understanding just as an eye provides light for the body. Alternate translation: “Your eye is like the lamp of the body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 11 34 w2up figs-metonymy ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου 1 your eye The eye is a metonym for vision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 11 34 s4ep figs-synecdoche τοῦ σώματός 1 the body The body is a synecdoche for a person’s life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LUK 11 34 rm2n figs-metonymy ὅταν ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου ἁπλοῦς ᾖ 1 When your eye is good Here “eye” here is a metonym for vision. Alternate translation: “When your vision is good” or “when you see well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 11 34 e9g2 figs-activepassive καὶ ὅλον τὸ σῶμά σου φωτεινόν ἐστιν 1 your whole body is also filled with light This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the light will fill your whole body” or “you will be able to see everything clearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 11 34 td49 figs-metonymy ἐπὰν…πονηρὸς ᾖ 1 when it is bad Here “eye” is a metonym for vision. Alternate translation: “When your vision is bad” or “when you see poorly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 11 34 iz5p καὶ τὸ σῶμά σου σκοτεινόν 1 your body is also full of darkness “you will not be able to see anything” LUK 11 35 z96u σκόπει…μὴ τὸ φῶς τὸ ἐν σοὶ σκότος ἐστίν 1 be careful that the light in you is not darkness “make sure that what you think is light is not actually darkness” or “make sure you know what is light and make sure you know what is darkness” LUK 11 36 g336 figs-simile ἔσται φωτεινὸν ὅλον, ὡς ὅταν ὁ λύχνος τῇ ἀστραπῇ φωτίζῃ σε 1 it will all be full of light, as when the lamp shines its brightness on you Jesus states the same truth as a simile. He speaks of people who are full of truth as if they are a lamp that shines brightly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) LUK 11 37 c6fc 0 General Information: Jesus is invited to eat at a Pharisee’s house. LUK 11 37 h6zz writing-newevent ἐν δὲ τῷ λαλῆσαι 1 Now when he had finished speaking The author uses these words to mark the beginning of a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 11 37 x6nx figs-explicit ἀνέπεσεν 1 reclined at table It was the custom for a relaxed meal such as this dinner for men to eat while lying down comfortably around the table. You might want to translate using the word your language uses for the way people’s bodies are when they eat. Alternate translation: “sat down at the table” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 11 38 bm8j figs-explicit οὐ πρῶτον ἐβαπτίσθη 1 he did not wash first The Pharisees had a rule that people must wash their hands in order to be ceremonially clean before God. Alternate translation: “wash his hands” or “wash his hands in order to be ritually clean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 11 39 xf4e figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Jesus begins to speak to the Pharisee using a metaphor. He compares the way they clean cups and bowls to how they clean themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 11 39 zkq7 figs-explicit τὸ ἔξωθεν τοῦ ποτηρίου καὶ τοῦ πίνακος 1 the outside of cups and bowls Washing of the outside of containers was a part of the ritual practices of the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 11 39 b8gj figs-metaphor τὸ δὲ ἔσωθεν ὑμῶν γέμει ἁρπαγῆς καὶ πονηρίας 1 but the inside of you is filled with greed and evil This part of the metaphor contrasts the careful way they clean the outside of the dishes with the way they ignore their own internal condition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 11 40 zq4l ἄφρονες! 1 You foolish ones! This expression can refer to men or women, even though all of the Pharisees to whom Jesus was speaking to here were men. LUK 11 40 g39h figs-rquestion οὐχ ὁ ποιήσας τὸ ἔξωθεν, καὶ τὸ ἔσωθεν ἐποίησεν? 1 Did not the one who made the outside also make the inside? Jesus uses a question to rebuke the Pharisees for not understanding that what is in their hearts matters to God. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “The one who made the outside also made the inside!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 11 41 m3ww figs-explicit τὰ ἐνόντα δότε ἐλεημοσύνην 1 give as charity what is inside This refers to what they should be doing with their cups and bowls. Alternate translation: “Give to the poor what is inside your cups and bowls” or “Be generous to the poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 11 41 phz9 πάντα καθαρὰ ὑμῖν ἐστιν 1 all things will be clean for you “you will be completely clean” or “you will be clean both inside and outside” LUK 11 42 ans4 ἀποδεκατοῦτε τὸ ἡδύοσμον, καὶ τὸ πήγανον, καὶ πᾶν λάχανον 1 the mint and the rue and every garden herb “you give God one tenth of your mint and rue and other herbs from your garden.” Jesus was giving an example of how extreme the Pharisees were in giving a tenth of their income. LUK 11 42 p71g translate-unknown τὸ ἡδύοσμον, καὶ τὸ πήγανον 1 the mint and the rue and every garden herb These are herbs. People put just a little bit of these leaves into their food to give it flavor. If people do not know what mint and rue are, you can use the name of herbs they know or a general expression such as “herbs.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) LUK 11 42 l25z πᾶν λάχανον 1 every garden herb Possible meanings are 1) “every other vegetable” 2) “every other garden herb” or 3) “every other garden plant.” LUK 11 42 yk7d τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the love of God “to love God” or “love for God.” God is the one who is loved. LUK 11 42 myv2 figs-litotes κἀκεῖνα μὴ παρεῖναι 1 and not to neglect those things “without failing” emphasizes that this should always be done. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “and to always do the other good things as well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) LUK 11 43 lnx3 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes speaking to the Pharisee. LUK 11 43 w6pv τὴν πρωτοκαθεδρίαν 1 the best seats “the best seats” LUK 11 43 sz72 τοὺς ἀσπασμοὺς 1 the respectful greetings “you like people to greet you with special honor” LUK 11 44 hag2 figs-simile ἐστὲ ὡς τὰ μνημεῖα τὰ ἄδηλα, καὶ οἱ ἄνθρωποι οἱ περιπατοῦντες ἐπάνω οὐκ οἴδασι 1 you are like unmarked graves, and people walk over them without knowing it The Pharisees are like unmarked graves because they look ceremonially clean, but they cause people around them to become unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) LUK 11 44 mrw1 τὰ μνημεῖα τὰ ἄδηλα 1 unmarked graves These graves were holes dug in the ground where a dead body was buried. They did not have the white stones that people normally place over graves so that others would see them. LUK 11 44 h9x7 figs-explicit οὐκ οἴδασιν 1 without knowing it When the Jews walked over a grave, they would become ceremonially unclean. These unmarked graves caused them to accidentally do that. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “without realizing it and become ceremonially unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 11 45 ics8 0 General Information: Jesus begins to respond to a Jewish teacher. LUK 11 45 u1vv writing-participants τις τῶν νομικῶν 1 one of the teachers of the law This introduces a new character into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 11 45 v1pr ταῦτα λέγων, καὶ ἡμᾶς ὑβρίζεις 1 saying these things, you insult us too Jesus’ comments about the Pharisees also seemed to apply to the teachers of the Jewish laws. LUK 11 46 wx9j ὑμῖν τοῖς νομικοῖς οὐαί! 1 Woe to you, teachers of the law! Jesus makes it clear that he intended to condemn the actions of the teachers of the law along with the Pharisees. LUK 11 46 v2vl figs-metaphor φορτίζετε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους φορτία δυσβάστακτα 1 you put people under burdens that are hard to carry “you put burdens on people that are too heavy and they cannot carry them.” Jesus speaks about someone giving people many rules as if the person were giving them heavy things to carry. Alternate translation: “you burden people by giving them too many rules to follow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 11 46 mws4 ἑνὶ τῶν δακτύλων ὑμῶν οὐ προσψαύετε τοῖς φορτίοις 1 do not touch the burdens with one of your fingers Possible meanings are 1) “do anything at all to help people carry those burdens” or 2) “make any effort to carry those burdens yourselves.” LUK 11 48 drs1 figs-explicit ἄρα μαρτυρεῖτε καὶ συνευδοκεῖτε 1 So you are witnesses and you consent Jesus is rebuking the Pharisees and teachers of the law. They know about the murder of the prophets, but do not condemn their ancestors for killing them. Alternate translation: “So, rather than denouncing them, you confirm and agree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 11 49 by5w διὰ τοῦτο 1 For this reason This refers back to the previous statement that the teachers of the law burdened people with rules. LUK 11 49 c97g figs-personification ἡ σοφία τοῦ Θεοῦ εἶπεν 1 the wisdom of God said “wisdom” is treated as if it was able to speak for God. Alternate translation: “God in his wisdom said” or “God wisely said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) LUK 11 49 lda4 ἀποστελῶ εἰς αὐτοὺς προφήτας καὶ ἀποστόλους 1 I will send to them prophets and apostles “I will send prophets and apostles to my people.” God had declared beforehand that he would send prophets and apostles to the ancestors of the Jewish audience to whom Jesus was speaking. LUK 11 49 w1fh ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀποκτενοῦσιν καὶ διώξουσιν 1 they will persecute and they will kill some of them “my people will persecute and kill some of the prophets and apostles.” God had declared beforehand that the ancestors of the Jewish audience to whom Jesus was speaking would persecute and kill the prophets and apostles. LUK 11 50 pi6u figs-metonymy ἐκζητηθῇ τὸ αἷμα πάντων τῶν προφητῶν, τὸ ἐκχυννόμενον…ἀπὸ τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης 1 This generation, then, will be held responsible for all the blood of the prophets shed The people to whom Jesus is speaking will be held responsible for the murder of the prophets by their ancestors. Alternate translation: “Therefore, God will hold this generation responsible for all the deaths of the prophets that people have killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 11 50 d1rf figs-metonymy τὸ αἷμα πάντων τῶν προφητῶν, τὸ ἐκχυννόμενον 1 all the blood of the prophets which has been shed The “blood…shed” refers to the blood spilled when they were killed. Alternate translation: “the murder of the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 11 51 jes7 Ζαχαρίου 1 Zechariah This was probably the priest in the Old Testament who rebuked the people of Israel for idolatry. This was not the Father of John the Baptist. LUK 11 51 pav1 figs-activepassive τοῦ ἀπολομένου 1 who was killed This could be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the people killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 11 52 vj5a 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes responding to the Jewish teacher. LUK 11 52 s4fc figs-metaphor ἤρατε τὴν κλεῖδα τῆς γνώσεως…τοὺς εἰσερχομένους ἐκωλύσατε 1 you have taken away the key of knowledge…hinder those who are entering Jesus speaks about God’s truth as if it were in a house that the teachers refuse to enter and will not let others have the key to enter either. This means the teachers do not truly know God, and they prevent others from knowing him as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 11 52 xg48 τὴν κλεῖδα 1 the key This represents the means of access, as to a house or storage room. LUK 11 52 fj7x αὐτοὶ οὐκ εἰσήλθατε 1 you do not enter in yourselves “you yourselves do not go in to get knowledge” LUK 11 53 mld3 0 General Information: This is the end of the part of the story where Jesus eats at the Pharisee’s house. These verses tell the reader what happens after the main part of the story ends. LUK 11 53 ejf1 κἀκεῖθεν ἐξελθόντος αὐτοῦ 1 After he went out from there “After Jesus left the Pharisee’s house” LUK 11 53 h9sw ἀποστοματίζειν αὐτὸν περὶ πλειόνων 1 argued against him about many things The scribes and Pharisees did not argue in order to defend their views, but to try to trap Jesus so they could accuse him of breaking the law of God. LUK 11 54 mr32 figs-metaphor αὐτὸν θηρεῦσαί τι ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ 1 to trap him in something from his mouth This means they wanted Jesus to say something wrong so that they could accuse him. The scribes and Pharisees did not argue in order to defend their views, but to try to trap Jesus so they could accuse him of breaking the law of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 12 intro jun3 0 # Luke 12 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “Blasphemy against the Spirit”<br><br>No one knows for sure what actions people perform or what words they say when they commit this sin. However, they probably insult the Holy Spirit and his work. Part of the Holy Spirit’s work is to make people understand that they are sinners and that they need to have God forgive them. Therefore, anyone who does not try to stop sinning is probably committing blasphemy against the Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blasphemy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]])<br><br>### Servants<br><br>God expects his people to remember that everything in the world belongs to God. God gives his people things so they can serve him. He wants them to please him by doing what he wants them to do with everything he has given them. One day Jesus will ask his servants what they have done with everything he gave them to use. He will give a reward to those who have done what he wanted them to do, and he will punish those who have not.<br><br>### Division<br><br>Jesus knew that those who did not choose to follow him would hate those who did choose to follow him. He also knew that most people love their families more than they love anyone else. So he wanted his followers to understand that following and pleasing him had to be more important to them than having their family love them ([Luke 12:51-56](./51.md)).<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Son of Man”<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([Luke 12;8](./08.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br> LUK 12 1 w6x5 0 General Information: Jesus begins to teach his disciples in front of thousands of people. LUK 12 1 en8g writing-newevent ἐν οἷς 1 In the meantime This is probably while the scribes and Pharisees were looking for a way to trap him. The author uses these words to mark the beginning of a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 12 1 r5jz writing-background ἐπισυναχθεισῶν τῶν μυριάδων τοῦ ὄχλου, ὥστε καταπατεῖν ἀλλήλους 1 when many thousands of the people were gathered together This is background information that tells the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 12 1 c8yk τῶν μυριάδων τοῦ ὄχλου 1 many thousands of the people “a very great crowd” LUK 12 1 ybz9 figs-hyperbole καταπατεῖν ἀλλήλους 1 they trampled on each other This is probably an exaggeration to emphasize that so many people were crowded close together that they would step on each other. Alternate translation: “they were stepping on each other” or “they were stepping on one another’s feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 12 1 x38n ἤρξατο λέγειν πρὸς τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ πρῶτον 1 he began to say to his disciples first of all “Jesus first started speaking to his disciples, and said to them” LUK 12 1 f5b9 figs-metaphor προσέχετε ἑαυτοῖς ἀπὸ τῆς ζύμης, τῶν Φαρισαίων, ἥτις ἐστὶν ὑπόκρισις 1 Guard yourselves from the yeast of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy Just as yeast spreads through a whole lump of bread dough, their hypocrisy was spreading through the whole community. Alternate translation: “Guard yourself against the hypocrisy of the Pharisees, which is like yeast” or “Be careful that you do not become hypocrites like the Pharisees. Their evil behavior influences everyone just as yeast affects a lump of dough” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 12 2 m1ti grammar-connect-words-phrases οὐδὲν δὲ…ἐστὶν 1 But nothing is The word “But” connects this verse to the previous verse about the hypocrisy of the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) LUK 12 2 g46e figs-activepassive οὐδὲν…συνκεκαλυμμένον ἐστὶν, ὃ οὐκ ἀποκαλυφθήσεται 1 nothing is concealed that will not be revealed “everything that is hidden will be shown.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will find out about everything that people do secretly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 12 2 e5w4 figs-parallelism καὶ κρυπτὸν ὃ οὐ γνωσθήσεται 1 nor hidden that will not be known This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence in order to emphasize its truth. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will learn about everything that others try to hide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 12 3 iv8i figs-metonymy ὧν ὅσα ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ εἴπατε, ἐν τῷ φωτὶ ἀκουσθήσεται 1 whatever you have said in the darkness will be heard in the light Here “darkness” is a metonym for “night” which is a metonym for “private. And “light” is a metonym for “day” which is a metonym for “public. The phrase “will be heard” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whatever you have said privately at night, people will hear it in the daylight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 12 3 ix7b figs-synecdoche πρὸς τὸ οὖς ἐλαλήσατε 1 you have spoken in the ear This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whispered to another person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LUK 12 3 jwe6 ἐν τοῖς ταμείοις 1 in the inner rooms “in a closed room.” This refers to private speech. Alternate translation: “in privacy” or “secretly” LUK 12 3 b93h figs-activepassive κηρυχθήσεται 1 will be proclaimed “will be shouted loudly.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will proclaim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 12 3 rmx8 ἐπὶ τῶν δωμάτων 1 upon the housetops Houses in Israel had flat roofs, so people could go up and stand on top of them. If readers would be distracted trying to imagine how people would get up on the house tops, this could also be translated with a more general expression, such as “from a high place so that everyone will be able to hear.” LUK 12 4 m6t7 λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν, τοῖς φίλοις μου 1 I say to you my friends Jesus readdresses his disciples to mark a shift in his speech to a new topic, in this case, to speak about not being afraid. LUK 12 4 vc8j μὴ ἐχόντων περισσότερόν τι ποιῆσαι 1 they do not have anything more that they can do “they cannot cause any more harm” LUK 12 5 fsr4 figs-explicit φοβήθητε τὸν μετὰ…ἔχοντα ἐξουσίαν 1 Fear the one who, after…has authority The phrase “the one” refers to God. This could be reworded. Alternate translation: “Fear God who, after…has authority” or “Fear God, because after…he has authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 12 5 us3x μετὰ τὸ ἀποκτεῖναι 1 after he has killed “after he kills you” LUK 12 5 ric8 ἔχοντα ἐξουσίαν ἐμβαλεῖν εἰς τὴν Γέενναν 1 has authority to throw into hell This is a general statement about God’s authority to judge people. It does not mean this will happen to the disciples. Alternate translation: “has authority to throw people into hell” LUK 12 6 czr7 figs-rquestion οὐχὶ πέντε στρουθία πωλοῦνται ἀσσαρίων δύο? 1 Are not five sparrows sold for two small coins? Jesus uses a question to teach the disciples. Alternate translation: “You know that five sparrows are sold for only two small coins.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 12 6 u697 στρουθία 1 sparrows very small, seed-eating birds LUK 12 6 mru1 figs-activepassive ἓν ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπιλελησμένον ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 not one of them is forgotten in the sight of God This could be stated in active form and in positive form. Alternate translation: “God never forgets any of them” or “God indeed remembers every sparrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) LUK 12 7 m833 figs-activepassive καὶ αἱ τρίχες τῆς κεφαλῆς ὑμῶν πᾶσαι ἠρίθμηνται 1 even the hairs of your head are all numbered This could be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God knows even how many hairs are on your head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 12 7 shk3 μὴ φοβεῖσθε 1 Do not fear The reason for the fear is not stated. Possible meanings are 1) “Do not be afraid of what will happen to you” or 2) “So do not be afraid of people who could hurt you.” LUK 12 7 rca8 πολλῶν στρουθίων διαφέρετε 1 You are more valuable than many sparrows “You are worth more to God than many sparrows” LUK 12 8 xzh3 λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν 1 But I say to you Jesus readdresses his audience to mark a shift in his speech to a new topic, in this case, to speak about confession. LUK 12 8 d1cs figs-explicit πᾶς ὃς ἂν ὁμολογήσῃ ἐν ἐμοὶ ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 everyone who confesses me before men What is confessed can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “whoever tells others that he is my disciple” or “anyone who acknowledges before others that he is loyal to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 12 8 m5ek ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus is referring to himself. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man” LUK 12 9 fu3j figs-explicit ὁ δὲ ἀρνησάμενός με ἐνώπιον τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 but he who denies me before men “he who disowns me before people.” What is denied can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “whoever refuses to acknowledge to others that he is my disciple” or “if anyone refuses to say that he is loyal to me, he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 12 9 x27t figs-activepassive ἀπαρνηθήσεται 1 will be denied “will be disowned.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Son of Man will deny him” or “I will deny that he is my disciple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 12 10 rp5y καὶ πᾶς ὃς ἐρεῖ λόγον εἰς τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 And everyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man “Everyone who says something bad about the Son of Man” LUK 12 10 px39 figs-activepassive ἀφεθήσεται αὐτῷ 1 it will be forgiven him “he will be forgiven.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will forgive him for that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 12 10 v5ps εἰς τὸ Ἅγιον Πνεῦμα βλασφημήσαντι 1 who blasphemes against the Holy Spirit “speaks evil against the Holy Spirit” LUK 12 10 p9g7 figs-activepassive τῷ δὲ…οὐκ ἀφεθήσεται 1 but to him…it will not be forgiven This can be expressed with an active verb. Alternate translation: “but he…God will not forgive him” or “but he…God will consider him guilty forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) LUK 12 11 f2j9 ὅταν δὲ εἰσφέρωσιν ὑμᾶς 1 So when they bring you It is not stated who brings them into judgment. LUK 12 11 c1rk ἐπὶ τὰς συναγωγὰς 1 before the synagogues “into the synagogues to question you before the religious leaders” LUK 12 11 gm94 τὰς ἀρχὰς, καὶ τὰς ἐξουσίας 1 the rulers, and the authorities It may be necessary to combine these into one statement. Alternate translation: “other people who have power in the country” LUK 12 12 gz6v ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ 1 in that hour “at that time” or “then” LUK 12 13 i2vi 0 General Information: This is a break in Jesus’ teachings. A man asks Jesus to do something and Jesus responds to him. LUK 12 13 d1dj figs-explicit μερίσασθαι μετ’ ἐμοῦ τὴν κληρονομίαν 1 to divide the inheritance with me In that culture, inheritances came from the father, usually after the father had died. You may need to make explicit that the speaker’s father had probably died. Alternate translation: “share my father’s property with me now that our father is dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 12 14 i8sm ἄνθρωπε 1 Man Possible meanings are 1) this is simply a way to address a stranger or 2) Jesus is rebuking the man. Your language might have a way of addressing people in either of these ways. Some people do not translate this word at all. LUK 12 14 hmn6 figs-rquestion τίς με κατέστησεν κριτὴν ἢ μεριστὴν ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς? 1 who made me a judge or a mediator over you? Jesus uses a question to rebuke the man. Some languages would use the plural form for “you” or “your.” Alternate translation: “I am not your judge or mediator.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 12 15 me49 εἶπεν δὲ πρὸς αὐτούς 1 Then he said to them The word “them” here probably refers to the whole crowd of people. Alternate translation: “And Jesus said to the crowd” LUK 12 15 ckn2 φυλάσσεσθε ἀπὸ πάσης πλεονεξίας 1 keep yourselves from all greedy desires “guard yourself from every form of greed.” Alternate translation: “do not allow yourself to love having things” or “do not let the urge to have more things control you” LUK 12 15 f2sc ἡ ζωὴ αὐτοῦ 1 a person’s life This is a general statement of fact. It does not refer to any specific person. Some languages have a way of expressing that. LUK 12 15 sh72 τῷ περισσεύειν…ἐκ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αὐτῷ 1 the abundance of his possessions “how many things he owns” or “how much wealth he has” LUK 12 16 d37q figs-parables 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues his teaching by telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) LUK 12 16 gc9i εἶπεν δὲ…αὐτοὺς 1 Then he spoke to them Jesus was probably still speaking to the entire crowd. LUK 12 16 nkw9 εὐφόρησεν 1 yielded abundantly “grew a very good harvest” LUK 12 17 w55n figs-rquestion τί ποιήσω, ὅτι οὐκ ἔχω ποῦ συνάξω τοὺς καρπούς μου? 1 What will I do, because I do not have a place to store my crops? This question reflects what the man was thinking to himself. Alternate translation: “I do not know what to do, because I do not have any place big enough to store all my crops!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 12 18 d82f τὰς ἀποθήκας 1 barns buildings where farmers store the crops they have harvested LUK 12 18 w6gc τὰ ἀγαθά 1 other goods possessions LUK 12 19 mqm6 figs-synecdoche καὶ ἐρῶ τῇ ψυχῇ μου, ψυχή, ἔχεις πολλὰ ἀγαθὰ κείμενα εἰς ἔτη πολλά; ἀναπαύου, φάγε, πίε, εὐφραίνου. 1 I will say to my soul, “Soul, you have…many years. Rest easy…be merry.” “I will say to myself, ‘I have…years. Rest…merry.’” or “I will tell myself that I have…years, so I can rest…merry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LUK 12 20 s4qm 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus quotes how God responds to the rich man, as he finishes telling his parable. LUK 12 20 xgr9 figs-euphemism ταύτῃ τῇ νυκτὶ, τὴν ψυχήν σου ἀπαιτοῦσιν ἀπὸ σοῦ 1 this very night your soul is required of you The “soul” refers to the life of a person. Alternate translation: “you will die tonight” or “I will take your life from you tonight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 12 20 vyn1 figs-rquestion ἃ δὲ ἡτοίμασας, τίνι ἔσται? 1 and the things you have prepared, whose will they be? “who will own what you have stored up?” or “who will have what you prepared?” God uses a question to make the man realize that he would no longer possess those things. Alternate translation: “the things that you have prepared will belong to someone else!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 12 21 m47i ὁ θησαυρίζων 1 the one who stores up treasure “saves up valuable things” LUK 12 21 fst9 μὴ εἰς Θεὸν πλουτῶν 1 is not rich toward God has not used his time and possessions for the things that are important to God LUK 12 22 ihk2 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues teaching his disciples in front of the crowd. LUK 12 22 vim6 διὰ τοῦτο 1 For this reason “For that reason” or “Because of what this story teaches” LUK 12 22 cy4e λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I say to you “I want to tell you something important” or “you need to listen carefully to this” LUK 12 22 u1cf τῷ σώματι τί ἐνδύσησθε 1 about your body, what you will wear “about your body and what you will wear” or “about having enough clothes to put on your body” LUK 12 23 y4qa ἡ γὰρ ψυχὴ πλεῖόν ἐστιν τῆς τροφῆς 1 For life is more than food This is a general statement of value. Alternate translation: “life is more important than the food you eat” LUK 12 23 ri78 τὸ σῶμα τοῦ ἐνδύματος 1 the body is more than clothes “your body is more important than the clothes you wear” LUK 12 24 zx97 τοὺς κόρακας 1 the ravens This refers either to 1) crows, a kind of bird that eats mostly grain, or 2) ravens, a kind of bird that eats the flesh of dead animals. Jesus’ audience would have considered the ravens worthless since the Jewish people could not eat these types of birds. LUK 12 24 y4t1 ταμεῖον…ἀποθήκη 1 storeroom…barn These are places where food is stored. LUK 12 24 i238 figs-exclamations πόσῳ μᾶλλον ὑμεῖς διαφέρετε τῶν πετεινῶν! 1 How much more valuable you are than the birds! This is an exclamation, not a question. Jesus emphasizes the fact that people are much more valuable to God then birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) LUK 12 25 lsx8 figs-rquestion τίς δὲ ἐξ ὑμῶν…ὴν ἡλικίαν αὐτοῦ προσθεῖναι πῆχυν? 1 Which of you…add a cubit to his lifespan? Jesus uses a question to teach his disciples. Alternate translation: “None of you can make your life any longer by being anxious!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 12 25 n286 figs-metaphor ἐπὶ τὴν ἡλικίαν αὐτοῦ προσθεῖναι πῆχυν 1 add a cubit to his lifespan This is a metaphor because a cubit is a measure of length, rather than of time. The image is of a person’s life stretched out as if it were a board, a rope, or some other physical object. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 12 26 hl4d figs-rquestion εἰ οὖν οὐδὲ ἐλάχιστον δύνασθε, τί περὶ τῶν λοιπῶν μεριμνᾶτε? 1 If then you are not able to do such a very little thing, why do you worry about the rest? Jesus uses another question to teach his disciples. Alternate translation: “Since you cannot do even this small thing, you should not worry about the other things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 12 27 h293 κατανοήσατε τὰ κρίνα πῶς αὐξάνει 1 Consider the lilies—how they grow “Think about how the lilies grow” LUK 12 27 s8d3 translate-unknown τὰ κρίνα 1 the lilies Lilies are beautiful flowers that grow wild in the fields. If your language does not have a word for lily, you can use the name of another flower like that or translate it as “flowers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) LUK 12 27 u3mf figs-explicit οὐδὲ νήθει 1 neither do they spin The process of making thread or yard for cloth is called “spinning.” It may be helpful to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “neither do they make thread in order to make cloth” or “and they do not make yarn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 12 27 nug5 Σολομὼν ἐν πάσῃ τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ 1 Solomon in all his glory “Solomon, who had great wealth” or “Solomon, who wore beautiful clothes” LUK 12 28 rur9 figs-metaphor εἰ δὲ ἐν ἀγρῷ τὸν χόρτον ὄντα 1 Now if God so clothes the grass in the field, which exists “If God clothes the grass in the field like that, and it” or “If God gives the grass in the field such beautiful clothing, and it.” God making the grass beautiful is spoken of as if God were putting beautiful clothes on the grass. Alternate translation: “If God makes the grass in the field beautiful like this, and it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 12 28 t9am figs-activepassive εἰς κλίβανον βαλλόμενον 1 is thrown into the oven This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone throws it into a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 12 28 gr4m figs-exclamations πόσῳ μᾶλλον ὑμᾶς 1 how much more will he clothe you This is an exclamation, not a question. Jesus emphasizes that he will certainly take care of people even better than he does the grass. This could be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “he will certainly clothe you even better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) LUK 12 29 q67w ὑμεῖς μὴ ζητεῖτε τί φάγητε, καὶ τί πίητε 1 do not seek what you will eat and what you will drink “Do not focus on what you will eat and drink” or “Do not greatly desire more to eat and drink” LUK 12 30 g8jy figs-metonymy πάντα τὰ ἔθνη τοῦ κόσμου 1 all the nations of the world Here “nations” refers to “unbelievers.” Alternate translation: “all people of other nations” or “all the unbelievers in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 12 30 ns35 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὑμῶν…ὁ Πατὴρ 1 your Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) LUK 12 31 gvj9 ζητεῖτε τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ 1 seek his kingdom “focus on God’s kingdom” or “greatly desire God’s kingdom” LUK 12 31 jni1 figs-activepassive ταῦτα προστεθήσεται ὑμῖν 1 these things will be added to you “these things also will be given to you.” “These things” refers to food and clothing. This could be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will also give you these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 12 32 eej3 figs-metaphor τὸ μικρὸν ποίμνιον 1 little flock Jesus is calling his disciples a flock. A flock is a group of sheep or goats that a shepherd cares for. As a shepherd cares for his sheep, God cares for Jesus’ disciples. Alternate translation: “small group” or “dear group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 12 32 e3tv guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Πατὴρ ὑμῶν 1 your Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) LUK 12 33 rlg7 figs-ellipsis δότε ἐλεημοσύνην 1 give to the poor It may be helpful to state what they receive. Alternate translation: “give to poor people the money you earn from the sales” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 12 33 am8q figs-metaphor ποιήσατε ἑαυτοῖς βαλλάντια…θησαυρὸν…ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 Make for yourselves purses…treasure in the heavens The purses and treasure in the heavens are the same thing. They both represent God’s blessing in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 12 33 dc7m ποιήσατε ἑαυτοῖς 1 Make for yourselves This is the result of giving to the poor. Alternate translation: “In this way you will make for yourselves” LUK 12 33 xb63 βαλλάντια μὴ παλαιούμενα 1 purses which will not wear out “money bags that will not get holes in them” LUK 12 33 h6qw ἀνέκλειπτον 1 that does not run out “does not diminish” or “does not become less” LUK 12 33 t1fb κλέπτης οὐκ ἐγγίζει 1 no thief comes near “thieves do not come near” LUK 12 33 e2nj οὐδὲ σὴς διαφθείρει 1 no moth destroys “moths do not destroy” LUK 12 33 u258 σὴς 1 moth A “moth” is a small insect that eats holes in fabric. You may need to use a different insect, such as an ant or termite. LUK 12 34 ad29 ὅπου…ἐστιν ὁ θησαυρὸς ὑμῶν, ἐκεῖ καὶ ἡ καρδία ὑμῶν ἔσται 1 where your treasure is, there your heart will be also “your heart will be focused on where you store your treasure” LUK 12 34 r26g figs-metonymy ἡ καρδία ὑμῶν 1 your heart Here “heart” refers to a person’s thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 12 35 c4j1 figs-parables 0 General Information: Jesus begins to tell a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) LUK 12 35 nk2x figs-explicit ἔστωσαν ὑμῶν αἱ ὀσφύες περιεζωσμέναι 1 Let your long clothing be tucked in at your belt People wore long flowing robes. They would tuck them into their belt to keep the robes out of the way while they worked. Alternate translation: “Tuck your clothing into your belt so you are ready to serve” or “Be dressed and ready to serve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 12 35 lh96 figs-activepassive οἱ λύχνοι καιόμενοι 1 let your lamps be kept burning This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “keep your lamps burning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 12 36 mhg8 figs-simile ὅμοιοι ἀνθρώποις προσδεχομένοις τὸν κύριον ἑαυτῶν 1 be like people waiting for their master Jesus commands the disciples to be ready for him to return the same way servants should be ready for their master to return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) LUK 12 36 t8kb ἀναλύσῃ ἐκ τῶν γάμων 1 he returns from the marriage feast “returns home from a marriage feast” LUK 12 36 p9cq figs-explicit ἀνοίξωσιν αὐτῷ 1 open the door for him This refers to the door of the master’s house. It was the responsibility of his servants to open it for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 12 37 qk47 μακάριοι 1 Blessed are “How good it is for” LUK 12 37 xiv7 οὓς ἐλθὼν, ὁ Κύριος εὑρήσει γρηγοροῦντας 1 whom the master will find watching when he comes “whose master finds them waiting for him when he returns” or “who are ready when the master returns” LUK 12 37 s3yd ὅτι περιζώσεται καὶ ἀνακλινεῖ αὐτοὺς 1 he will tuck in his clothing at his belt, and have them recline at table Because the servants have been faithful and ready to serve their master, the master will now reward them by serving them. LUK 12 38 x25s ἐν τῇ δευτέρᾳ…φυλακῇ 1 in the second…watch The second watch was between 9:00 p.m. and midnight. Alternate translation: “late at night” or “just before midnight” LUK 12 38 qa35 κἂν ἐν τῇ τρίτῃ φυλακῇ 1 or if even in the third watch The third watch was from midnight to 3:00 a.m. Alternate translation: “or if he comes very late at night” LUK 12 39 v73u ᾔδει…ποίᾳ ὥρᾳ 1 had known at which hour “had known when” LUK 12 39 ej9m figs-activepassive οὐκ ἂν ἀφῆκεν διορυχθῆναι τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ 1 he would not have let his house be broken into This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he would not have let the thief break into his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 12 40 ds4s ὅτι ᾗ ὥρᾳ οὐ δοκεῖτε, ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ἔρχεται 1 because the Son of Man is coming at an hour when you do not expect The only similarity between a thief and the Son of Man is that people do not know when either one will come, so they need to be ready. LUK 12 40 p1y9 ᾗ ὥρᾳ οὐ δοκεῖτε 1 at an hour when you do not expect “do not know at what time” LUK 12 40 dw4h ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ἔρχεται 1 the Son of Man is coming Jesus is talking about himself. Alternate translation: “when I, the Son of Man, will come” LUK 12 41 i9d2 0 General Information: In verse 41, there is a break in the story line as Peter asks Jesus a question about the previous parable. LUK 12 41 hz2d 0 Connecting Statement: In verse 42, Jesus begins to tell another parable. LUK 12 42 g8lu figs-rquestion τίς ἄρα ἐστὶν…ἐν καιρῷ τὸ σιτομέτριον? 1 Who then is…their portion of food at the right time? Jesus uses a question to answer Peter’s question indirectly. He expected those who wanted to be faithful managers to understand that the parable was about them. Alternate translation: “I said it for everyone who is…right time.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 12 42 dxd2 figs-parables ὁ πιστὸς οἰκονόμος ὁ φρόνιμος 1 the faithful and wise manager Jesus tells another parable about how servants should be faithful while they wait for their master to return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) LUK 12 42 mnn1 ὃν καταστήσει ὁ Κύριος ἐπὶ τῆς θεραπείας αὐτοῦ 1 whom his lord will set over his other servants “whom his lord puts in charge of his other servants” LUK 12 43 g6xl μακάριος ὁ δοῦλος ἐκεῖνος 1 Blessed is that servant “How good it is for that servant” LUK 12 43 h35t ὃν ἐλθὼν, ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ εὑρήσει ποιοῦντα οὕτως 1 whom his lord finds doing that when he comes “if his lord finds him doing that work when he comes back” LUK 12 44 i2cq ἀληθῶς λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Truly I say to you This expression means they should pay special attention to what he is about to say. LUK 12 44 y47s ἐπὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς ὑπάρχουσιν αὐτοῦ καταστήσει αὐτόν 1 will set him over all his property “will put him in charge of all his property” LUK 12 45 dpk8 ὁ δοῦλος ἐκεῖνος 1 that servant This refers to the servant whose lord has put him in charge of the other servants. LUK 12 45 aku7 figs-metonymy εἴπῃ…τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 says in his heart Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s mind or inner being. Alternate translation: “thinks to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 12 45 cu5k χρονίζει ὁ κύριός μου ἔρχεσθαι 1 My master is taking a long time to return “My master will not return soon” LUK 12 45 juc5 τοὺς παῖδας καὶ τὰς παιδίσκας 1 the male and female servants The words that are translated here as “male and female servants” are normally translated as “boys” and “girls.” They may indicate that the servants were young or that they were dear to their master. LUK 12 46 j1m1 figs-merism ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ οὐ προσδοκᾷ, καὶ ἐν ὥρᾳ ᾗ οὐ γινώσκει 1 in a day when he does not expect, and in an hour that he does not know The words “day” and “hour” form a merism of time that refers to any time, and the words “expect” and “know” have similar meanings, so the two phrases here are parallel to emphasize that the coming of the lord will be a total surprise to the servant. However, the phrases should not be combined unless your language has no different words for “know” and “expect” or “day” and “hour.” Alternate translation: “at a time when the servant is not expecting him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) LUK 12 46 vg1d figs-hyperbole διχοτομήσει αὐτὸν, καὶ τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ μετὰ τῶν ἀπίστων θήσει 1 will cut him in pieces and appoint a place for him with the unfaithful Possible meanings are 1) this is an exaggeration for the master dealing out harsh punishment toward the slave, or 2) this describes the manner in which the servant will be executed and buried as punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 12 47 p1l2 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes telling the parable. LUK 12 47 im3v figs-activepassive ἐκεῖνος δὲ ὁ δοῦλος, ὁ γνοὺς τὸ θέλημα τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ, καὶ μὴ ἑτοιμάσας ἢ ποιήσας πρὸς τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ, δαρήσεται πολλάς 1 But that servant, the one having known the will of his master, and not having prepared or done according to his will, will be beaten with many blows This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “But as for the servant who knows his lord’s will does not prepare or do according to it, the master will beat him with many blows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 12 47 aj41 τὸ θέλημα τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ…πρὸς τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ 1 the will of his master…according to his will “what his master wanted him to do…it” LUK 12 48 nn9c ὁ δὲ…ὀλίγας 1 But the one…few blows Both the servant who knows the master’s will and the servant who does not know it are punished, but the words that begin with “That servant” (verse 47) show the servant who intentionally disobeyed his master was punished more severely than the other servant. LUK 12 48 ehu9 figs-activepassive παντὶ δὲ ᾧ ἐδόθη πολύ, πολὺ ζητηθήσεται παρ’ αὐτοῦ 1 But everyone to whom much has been given, from them much will be required This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They will require more of anyone who has received much” or “The master will require more of everyone he has given much to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 12 48 qg96 figs-activepassive ᾧ…πολύ, περισσότερον αἰτήσουσιν αὐτόν 1 to whom…much, even more will be asked This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the master will ask even more of the one…much” or “the master will require even more of the one…much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 12 48 ir7m figs-activepassive ᾧ παρέθεντο πολύ 1 to whom much has been entrusted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the one to whom the master has given much property to take care of” or “the one to whom the master has given much responsibility” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 12 49 z7wu 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to teach his disciples. LUK 12 49 qy62 figs-metaphor πῦρ ἦλθον βαλεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν 1 I came to cast fire upon the earth “I came to throw fire on the earth” or “I came to set the earth on fire.” Possible meanings are 1) Jesus has come to judge people or 2) Jesus has come to purify believers or 3) Jesus has come to cause division among people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 12 49 ygv3 figs-exclamations τί θέλω εἰ ἤδη ἀνήφθη 1 how I wish that it were already kindled This exclamation emphasizes how much he wants this to happen. Alternate translation: “I wish very much that it was already lit” or “how I wish that it had already begun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) LUK 12 50 hn1j figs-metaphor βάπτισμα…ἔχω βαπτισθῆναι 1 I have a baptism to be baptized with Here “baptism” refers to what Jesus must suffer. Just as water covers a person during baptism, suffering will overwhelm Jesus. Alternate translation: “I must go through a baptism of terrible suffering” or “I must be overwhelmed by suffering as a person being baptized is covered by water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 12 50 k4e8 δὲ 1 But The word “but” is used to show that he cannot cast the fire on the earth until after he goes through his baptism. LUK 12 50 r2yj figs-exclamations πῶς συνέχομαι ἕως ὅτου τελεσθῇ! 1 how I am distressed until it is completed! This exclamation emphasizes how distressed he was. Alternate translation: “I am terribly distressed and will be so until I complete this baptism of suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) LUK 12 51 s32r figs-rquestion δοκεῖτε ὅτι εἰρήνην παρεγενόμην δοῦναι ἐν τῇ γῇ? οὐχί, λέγω ὑμῖν, ἀλλ’ ἢ διαμερισμόν 1 Do you think that I came to bring peace on the earth? No, I tell you, but rather division Jesus asks a question to let them know that he is going to correct their wrong understanding. You may need to supply the words “I came” that are omitted in the second sentence. Alternate translation: “You think that I came to bring peace on the earth, but I tell you I did not. Instead, I came to bring division” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 12 51 np4v διαμερισμόν 1 division “hostility” or “discord” LUK 12 52 vrt5 figs-ellipsis ἔσονται…πέντε ἐν ἑνὶ οἴκῳ 1 there will be five in one house It may be helpful to state that this refers to people. Alternate translation: “there will be five people in one house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 12 52 fln4 ἐπὶ…ἐπὶ 1 against…against “will oppose…will oppose” LUK 12 53 qr7s ἐπὶ 1 against “will oppose” LUK 12 54 vdh1 0 General Information: Jesus begins to speak to the crowd. LUK 12 54 i84z figs-explicit ὅταν ἴδητε νεφέλην ἀνατέλλουσαν…γίνεται οὕτως 1 When you see a cloud rising…so it happens This condition normally meant rain was coming in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 12 54 d3gk ὄμβρος ἔρχεται 1 A shower is coming “Rain is coming” or “It is going to rain” LUK 12 55 gq22 figs-explicit ὅταν νότον πνέοντα 1 when a south wind is blowing This condition normally meant hot weather was coming in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 12 56 jdj7 τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῆς γῆς 1 of the sky and of the earth “the earth and the sky” LUK 12 56 y3yj figs-rquestion τὸν καιρὸν δὲ τοῦτον, πῶς οὐκ οἴδατε δοκιμάζειν? 1 but how do you not know how to interpret the present time? Jesus uses a question to rebuke the crowd. Jesus uses this question to convict them. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “you should know how to interpret the present time.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 12 57 w8rz figs-rquestion τί δὲ καὶ ἀφ’ ἑαυτῶν, οὐ κρίνετε τὸ δίκαιον? 1 And why do you not even judge what is right for yourselves? Jesus uses a question to rebuke the crowd. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You yourselves should discern what is right.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 12 57 wa4b ἀφ’ ἑαυτῶν 1 for yourselves “on your own initiative” LUK 12 58 y75j figs-hypo ὡς γὰρ ὑπάγεις…εἰς φυλακήν 1 For when you are going…into prison Jesus uses a hypothetical situation to teach the crowd. His point is that they should resolve the things they are able to resolve without involving the public courts. This can be restated to make it clear it might not happen. Alternate translation: “For if you were to go…into prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) LUK 12 58 f1ea figs-you ὡς…ὑπάγεις 1 when you are going Though Jesus is talking to a crowd, the situation he is presenting is something that a person would go through alone. So in some languages the word “you” would be singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 12 58 t4v8 ἀπηλλάχθαι ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 to settle the matter with him “settle the matter with your adversary” LUK 12 58 e7hz τὸν κριτήν 1 the judge This refers to the magistrate, but the term here is more specific and threatening. LUK 12 58 b7sh σε παραδώσει 1 deliver you “does not take you” LUK 12 59 wi7m figs-hypo λέγω σοι…καὶ τὸ ἔσχατον λεπτὸν ἀποδῷς 1 I say to you…you have paid the very last bit of money This is the end of the hypothetical situation, which begins in verse 58, that Jesus uses to teach the crowd. His point is that they should resolve the things they are able to resolve without involving the public courts. This can be restated to make it clear it might not happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) LUK 12 59 i124 καὶ τὸ ἔσχατον λεπτὸν 1 the very last bit of money “the entire amount of money that your adversary demands” LUK 13 intro xaa2 0 # Luke 13 General Notes<br>## Possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Unknown events<br><br>The people and Jesus speak about two events that they knew about but about which no one today knows anything except what Luke has written ([Luke 13:1-5](./01.md)). Your translation should tell only what Luke tells.<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. A paradox occurs in this chapter: “those who are least important will be first, and those who are most important will be last” ([Luke 13:30](../../luk/13/30.md)).<br> LUK 13 1 t1fi 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus is still speaking in front of the crowd. Some people in the crowd ask him a question and he begins to respond. This continues the story that begins in [Luke 12:1](../12/01.md). LUK 13 1 b9rx ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ καιρῷ 1 at that time This phrase connects this event to the end of chapter 12, when Jesus was teaching a crowd of people. LUK 13 1 wg2k figs-explicit ὧν τὸ αἷμα Πειλᾶτος ἔμιξεν μετὰ τῶν θυσιῶν αὐτῶν 1 whose blood Pilate mixed with their own sacrifices Here “blood” refers to the death of the Galileans. They were probably killed while they were offering their sacrifices. This could be stated explicitly as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 13 1 fj2c figs-metonymy ὧν τὸ αἷμα Πειλᾶτος ἔμιξεν μετὰ τῶν θυσιῶν αὐτῶν 1 whose blood Pilate mixed with their own sacrifices Pilate probably ordered his soldiers to kill people rather than doing it himself. Alternate translation: “whom Pilate’s soldiers killed as they were sacrificing animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 13 2 zfa8 δοκεῖτε ὅτι οἱ Γαλιλαῖοι οὗτοι, ἁμαρτωλοὶ…ταῦτα πεπόνθασιν? 1 Do you think that these Galileans were more sinful…they suffered in this way? “Were these Galileans more sinful…way?” or “Does this prove that these Galileans were more sinful…way?” Jesus uses this question to challenge the understanding of the people. LUK 13 3 c1h5 figs-rquestion οὐχί, λέγω ὑμῖν; ἀλλ’ ἐὰν μὴ μετανοῆτε, πάντες ὁμοίως ἀπολεῖσθε 1 No, I tell you. But if you do not repent, you will all perish in the same way Jesus uses this question, which begins with the words “Do you think that these Galileans were more sinful…in this way?” (verse 2), to challenge the understanding of the people. “You think that these Galileans were more sinful…in this way, but they were not. But if you do not repent…same way” or “Do not think that these Galileans were more sinful…in this way. If you do not repent…same way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 13 3 xl6m οὐχί, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 No, I tell you Here “I tell you” emphasizes “no.” Alternate translation: “They certainly were not more sinful” or “You are wrong to think that their suffering proves that they were more sinful” LUK 13 3 a3ez πάντες ὁμοίως ἀπολεῖσθε 1 you will all perish in the same way “all of you also will die.” The phrase “in the same way” means they will experience the same result, not that they will die by the same method. LUK 13 3 v2ng ἀπολεῖσθε 1 you will perish die LUK 13 4 hj5w ἢ ἐκεῖνοι 1 Or those This is Jesus’ second example of people who suffered. Alternate translation: “Or consider those” or “Think about those” LUK 13 4 e2s8 translate-numbers οἱ δεκαοκτὼ 1 eighteen people “18 people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) LUK 13 4 p6r8 translate-names τῷ Σιλωὰμ 1 Siloam This is the name of an area in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 13 4 vg9j δοκεῖτε ὅτι αὐτοὶ ὀφειλέται ἐγένοντο παρὰ…Ἰερουσαλήμ? 1 do you think they were worse sinners…Jerusalem? “does this prove that they were more sinful…Jerusalem?” Jesus uses this question to challenge the understanding of the people. LUK 13 4 at9i figs-explicit αὐτοὶ ὀφειλέται ἐγένοντο παρὰ 1 they were worse sinners The crowd assumed that they died in this terrible way because they were especially sinful. This could be explicitly stated. Alternate translation: “they died because they were worse sinners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 13 5 m77t figs-rquestion οὐχί, λέγω 1 No, I say Jesus uses this question, which begins with the words “do you think they were worse sinners…Jerusalem?”, to challenge the understanding of the people. “you think that they were more sinful…Jerusalem, but I say that they were not” or “I say that you should not think that they were more sinful…Jerusalem” or “They certainly did not die because they were more sinful” or “You are wrong to think that their suffering proves that they were more sinful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] or [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 13 5 ckc2 ἀπολεῖσθε 1 will perish die LUK 13 6 sm1p figs-parables 0 General Information: Jesus begins to tell the crowd a parable to explain his last statement, “But if you do not repent, all of you will also perish.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) LUK 13 6 x42j συκῆν εἶχέν τις πεφυτευμένην ἐν τῷ ἀμπελῶνι αὐτοῦ 1 A certain man had a fig tree planted in his vineyard The owner of a vineyard had another person plant a fig tree in the vineyard. LUK 13 7 hg35 figs-rquestion ἵνα τί καὶ τὴν γῆν καταργεῖ? 1 Why let it even waste the ground? The man uses a question to emphasize that the tree is useless and the gardener should cut it down. Alternate translation: “Do not let it waste the ground.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 13 8 pm3j 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes telling his parable. This is the end of the story that began in [Luke 12:1](../12/01.md). LUK 13 8 l2ks ἄφες αὐτὴν 1 leave it alone “Do not do anything to the tree” or “Do not cut it down” LUK 13 8 st4w figs-explicit βάλω κόπρια 1 put manure on it “put manure in the soil.” Manure is animal dung. People put it in the ground to make the soil good for plants and trees. Alternate translation: “put fertilizer on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 13 9 w5qh figs-ellipsis κἂν μὲν ποιήσῃ καρπὸν εἰς τὸ μέλλον 1 If indeed it bears fruit in that time, good It may be helpful to state what will happen. Alternate translation: “If it has figs on it next year, we can allow it to keep growing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 13 9 j4ul ἐκκόψεις αὐτήν 1 you will cut it down The servant was making a suggestion; he was not giving a command to the owner. Alternate translation: “Tell me to cut it down” or “I will cut it down” LUK 13 10 q2yb writing-background 0 General Information: These verses give background information about the setting of this part of the story and about a crippled woman who is introduced into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 13 10 p3el writing-newevent δὲ 1 Now The author uses this word to mark the beginning of a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 13 10 c3j8 ἐν τοῖς Σάββασιν 1 during the Sabbath “on a Sabbath day.” Some languages would say “a Sabbath” because we do not know which particular Sabbath day it was. LUK 13 11 wn7u writing-participants ἰδοὺ, γυνὴ 1 there was a woman The word “behold” here alerts us to a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 13 11 vdc2 translate-numbers ἔτη δεκαοκτώ 1 eighteen years “18 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) LUK 13 11 hqj5 πνεῦμα…ἀσθενείας 1 a spirit of weakness “an evil spirit that made her weak” LUK 13 12 l29y figs-activepassive γύναι, ἀπολέλυσαι τῆς ἀσθενείας σου 1 Woman, you are freed from your weakness “Woman, you are healed from your disease.” This can be expressed with an active verb: Alternate translation: “Woman, I have set you free from your weakness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 13 12 h6ne figs-declarative γύναι, ἀπολέλυσαι τῆς ἀσθενείας σου 1 Woman, you are freed from your weakness By saying this, Jesus healed her. This can be expressed with a sentence that shows that he was causing it to happen, or by a command. Alternate translation: “Woman, I now free you from your weakness” or “Woman, be freed from your weakness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]]) LUK 13 13 wue2 ἐπέθηκεν αὐτῇ τὰς χεῖρας 1 he placed his hands on her “He touched her” LUK 13 13 k3k1 figs-activepassive ἀνωρθώθη 1 she was straightened up This could be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “she stood up straight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 13 14 i6em ἀγανακτῶν 1 being indignant “was very angry” LUK 13 14 d8ir ἀποκριθεὶς…ἔλεγεν 1 answered and said “said” or “responded” LUK 13 14 ai1f figs-activepassive ἐν αὐταῖς…θεραπεύεσθε 1 be healed then This could be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let someone heal you during those six days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 13 14 qap4 τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ Σαββάτου 1 on the Sabbath day “on a Sabbath day.” Some languages would say “a Sabbath” because we do not know which particular Sabbath day it was. LUK 13 15 k7p8 ἀπεκρίθη δὲ αὐτῷ ὁ Κύριος 1 But the Lord answered him “The Lord responded to the synagogue ruler” LUK 13 15 u6zr figs-explicit ὑποκριταί 1 Hypocrites Jesus speaks directly to the synagogue ruler, but the plural form includes the other religious rulers also. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “You and your fellow religious leaders are hypocrites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 13 15 xt5y figs-rquestion ἕκαστος ὑμῶν τῷ Σαββάτῳ οὐ λύει τὸν βοῦν αὐτοῦ, ἢ τὸν ὄνον ἀπὸ τῆς φάτνης, καὶ ἀπαγαγὼν ποτίζει 1 Does not each of you untie his ox or his donkey from the stall and lead it to drink on the Sabbath? Jesus uses a question to get them to think about something they already knew. Alternate translation: “Every one of you unties his ox or his donkey from the stall and leads it to drink on the Sabbath.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 13 15 ha7b τὸν βοῦν αὐτοῦ…τὸν ὄνον 1 his ox…his donkey These are animals that people care for by giving them water. LUK 13 15 kbj4 τῷ Σαββάτῳ 1 on the Sabbath “on a Sabbath.” Some languages would say “a Sabbath” because we do not know which particular Sabbath day it was. LUK 13 16 br72 figs-idiom θυγατέρα Ἀβραὰμ 1 daughter of Abraham This is an idiom that means, “descendant of Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 13 16 euq2 figs-metaphor ἣν ἔδησεν ὁ Σατανᾶς 1 whom Satan bound Jesus compares people tying animals to the way Satan restricted the woman with this disease. Alternate translation: “whom Satan kept crippled by her illness” or “whom Satan bound with this disease” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 13 16 mh31 translate-numbers δέκα καὶ ὀκτὼ ἔτη 1 eighteen long years “18 long years.” The word “long” here emphasizes that eighteen years was a very long time for the woman to suffer. Other languages may have other ways of emphasizing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) LUK 13 16 g5b7 figs-rquestion οὐκ ἔδει λυθῆναι ἀπὸ τοῦ δεσμοῦ τούτου τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ Σαββάτου? 1 should she not be released from this bond on the Sabbath day? Jesus uses a question to tell the synagogue rulers that they are wrong. Jesus speaks about the women’s disease as if it were ropes that bound her. This can be translated as an active statement. Alternate translation: “it is right to release her from the bonds of this illness…day.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 13 17 s3jj καὶ ταῦτα λέγοντος 1 As he said these things “When Jesus said these things” LUK 13 17 r1jn τοῖς ἐνδόξοις τοῖς γινομένοις ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 the glorious things that were being done by him “the glorious things Jesus was doing” LUK 13 18 i3pu figs-parables 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins to tell a parable to the people in the synagogue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) LUK 13 18 ua3y figs-rquestion τίνι ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τίνι ὁμοιώσω αὐτήν? 1 What is the kingdom of God like…what can I compare it to? Jesus uses two questions to introduce what he is about to teach. Alternate translation: “I will tell you what the kingdom of God is like…what I can compare it to.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 13 18 wdq9 figs-parallelism τίνι ὁμοιώσω αὐτήν? 1 what can I compare it to? This is basically the same as the previous question. Some languages can use both questions, and some would use only one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) LUK 13 19 g4hr figs-simile ὁμοία ἐστὶν κόκκῳ σινάπεως 1 It is like a mustard seed Jesus compares the kingdom to a mustard seed. Alternate translation: “The kingdom of God is like a mustard seed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) LUK 13 19 x3p8 translate-unknown κόκκῳ σινάπεως 1 a mustard seed A mustard seed is a very small seed that grows into a large plant. If this seed is not known, the phrase can be translated with the name of another seed like it or simply as “a small seed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) LUK 13 19 wv4q figs-explicit ἔβαλεν εἰς κῆπον ἑαυτοῦ 1 threw into his garden “planted in his garden.” People planted some kinds of seeds by throwing them so that they scattered in the garden. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 13 19 q2e6 figs-hyperbole δένδρον 1 a tree The word “big” is an exaggeration that contrasts the tree with the tiny seed. Alternate translation: “a very large shrub” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 13 19 avk2 τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 the birds of heaven “birds of the sky.” Alternate translation: “birds that fly in the sky” or “birds” LUK 13 20 d687 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes speaking to the people in the synagogue. This is the end of this part of the story. LUK 13 20 hn4n figs-rquestion τίνι ὁμοιώσω τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ? 1 To what can I compare the kingdom of God? Jesus uses another question to introduce what he is about to teach. Alternate translation: “I will tell you another thing to which I can compare to the kingdom of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 13 21 ub44 figs-simile ὁμοία ἐστὶν ζύμῃ 1 It is like yeast Jesus compares the kingdom of God to yeast in bread dough. Alternate translation: “The kingdom of God is like yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) LUK 13 21 wms4 figs-explicit ὁμοία…ζύμῃ 1 like yeast Only a little bit of yeast is needed to make a lot of dough rise. This can be made clear, as it is in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 13 21 wz5u ἀλεύρου σάτα τρία 1 three measures of flour This is a large amount of flour, since each measure was about 13 liters. You may need to use a term that your culture uses to measure flour. Alternate translation: “a large amount of flour” LUK 13 22 bh87 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Jesus responds to a question by using a metaphor about entering God’s kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 13 23 yf6h figs-activepassive εἰ ὀλίγοι οἱ σῳζόμενοι? 1 are only a few people to be saved? This could be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will God save only a few people?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 13 24 i39q figs-metaphor ἀγωνίζεσθε εἰσελθεῖν διὰ τῆς στενῆς θύρας 1 Struggle to enter through the narrow door “Work hard to go through the narrow doorway.” Jesus is speaking about the entrance to God’s kingdom as if it were a small doorway to a house. Since Jesus is talking to a group, the “you” implied in this command is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 13 24 lb9n figs-explicit τῆς στενῆς θύρας 1 the narrow door The fact that the door is narrow implies that it is difficult to go through it. Translate it in a way to keep this restrictive meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 13 24 x137 figs-explicit πολλοί…ζητήσουσιν εἰσελθεῖν καὶ οὐκ ἰσχύσουσιν 1 many will seek to enter, but will not be able It is implied that they will not be able to enter because of the difficulty of entering. The next verse explains the difficulty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 13 25 m6ux 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to talk about entering into God’s kingdom. LUK 13 25 j5x2 1 Once the owner “After the owner” LUK 13 25 b35z figs-metaphor ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης 1 the owner of the house This refers to the owner of the house with the narrow door in the previous verses. This is a metaphor for God as the ruler of the kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 13 25 gk3c figs-you ἄρξησθε ἔξω ἑστάναι 1 you will begin to stand outside Jesus was talking to a crowd. The form of “you” is plural. He is addressing them as if they will not enter through the narrow door into the kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 13 25 jqh7 κρούειν τὴν θύραν 1 pound the door “hit on the door.” This is an attempt to gain the owner’s attention. LUK 13 27 n39n ἀπόστητε ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ 1 Get away from me “Go away from me” LUK 13 28 mns1 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to talk about entering into God’s kingdom. This is the end of this conversation. LUK 13 28 uhh8 translate-symaction ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων 1 crying and the grinding of teeth These actions are symbolic acts, indicating great regret and sadness. Alternate translation: “crying and grinding of teeth because of their great regret” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) LUK 13 28 crf9 ὅταν ὄψησθε 1 when you see Jesus continues to speak to the crowd as if they will not enter into the kingdom of heaven. LUK 13 28 ep1b figs-activepassive ὑμᾶς δὲ ἐκβαλλομένους ἔξω 1 but you are thrown out “but you yourselves will have been thrown outside.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but God will have forced you outside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 13 29 wcg6 figs-merism ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν…δυσμῶν…βορρᾶ καὶ νότου 1 from east and west, and from north and south This means “from every direction.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) LUK 13 29 sbv1 figs-metaphor ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν καὶ δυσμῶν καὶ ἀπὸ βορρᾶ καὶ νότου 1 be seated at a table in the kingdom of God It was common to speak of the joy in God’s kingdom as a feast. Alternate translation: “they will feast in the kingdom of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 13 30 lk75 figs-metaphor ἔσονται πρῶτοι…ἔσονται ἔσχατοι 1 will be first…will be last Being first represents being important or honored. Alternate translation: “will be the most important…will be the least important” or “God will honor…God will shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 13 31 v3di 0 Connecting Statement: This is the next event in this part of the story. Jesus is still on his way towards Jerusalem when some Pharisees speak to him about Herod. LUK 13 31 pe5i ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ 1 At that same hour “Soon after Jesus finished speaking” LUK 13 31 r41z ἔξελθε καὶ πορεύου ἐντεῦθεν, ὅτι Ἡρῴδης θέλει σε ἀποκτεῖναι 1 Leave and go away from here, because Herod wants to kill you Translate this as a warning to Jesus. They were advising him to go somewhere else and be safe. LUK 13 31 l7fe Ἡρῴδης θέλει σε ἀποκτεῖναι 1 Herod wants to kill you Herod would order people to kill Jesus. Alternate translation: “Herod wants to send his men to kill you” LUK 13 32 af7k figs-metaphor τῇ ἀλώπεκι ταύτῃ 1 that fox Jesus was calling Herod a fox. A fox is a small wild dog. Possible meanings are 1) Herod was not much of a threat at all 2) Herod was deceptive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 13 33 p9za πλὴν 1 Nevertheless “Nevertheless” or “However” or “Whatever happens” LUK 13 33 nbk7 figs-irony οὐκ ἐνδέχεται προφήτην ἀπολέσθαι ἔξω Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 it is not acceptable to kill a prophet away from Jerusalem The Jewish leaders claimed to serve God. And yet their ancestors killed many of God’s prophets in Jerusalem, and Jesus knew that they would kill him there too. Alternate translation: “it is in Jerusalem that the Jewish leaders kill God’s messengers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) LUK 13 34 v65r 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes responding to the Pharisees. This is the end of this part of the story. LUK 13 34 cac7 figs-apostrophe Ἰερουσαλὴμ, Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 Jerusalem, Jerusalem Jesus speaks as if the people of Jerusalem are there listening to him. Jesus says this twice to show how sad he is for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) LUK 13 34 gb6w figs-metonymy ἡ ἀποκτείνουσα τοὺς προφήτας, καὶ λιθοβολοῦσα τοὺς ἀπεσταλμένους πρὸς αὐτήν 1 who kills the prophets and stones those sent to you If it would be strange to address the city, you can make it clear that Jesus was really addressing the people in the city: “you people who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 13 34 zhg8 figs-activepassive τοὺς ἀπεσταλμένους πρὸς αὐτήν 1 those who are sent to you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those God has sent to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 13 34 rj48 ποσάκις ἠθέλησα 1 How often I desired “I so often desired.” This is an exclamation and not a question. LUK 13 34 q1i3 figs-metonymy ἐπισυνάξαι τὰ τέκνα σου 1 to gather your children The people of Jerusalem are described as her “children.” Alternate translation: “to gather your people” or “to gather the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 13 34 kb9t figs-metaphor ὃν τρόπον ὄρνις τὴν ἑαυτῆς νοσσιὰν ὑπὸ τὰς πτέρυγας 1 the way a hen gathers her brood under her wings This describes how a hen protects her young from harm by covering them with her wings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 13 35 w1v2 figs-metaphor ἀφίεται ὑμῖν ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν 1 your house is abandoned This is a prophecy about something that would happen soon. It means that God has stopped protecting the people of Jerusalem, so enemies can attack them and drive them away. Possible meanings are 1) God will abandon them. Alternate translation: “God will abandon you” or 2) their city will be empty. Alternate translation: “your house will be abandoned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 13 35 x4y6 οὐ μὴ με ἴδητέ ἕως ἥξει ὅτε εἴπητε 1 you will not see me until you say “you will not see me until the time comes when you will say” or “the next time you see me, you will say” LUK 13 35 v6lj figs-metonymy ὀνόματι Κυρίου 1 the name of the Lord Here “name” refers to the Lord’s power and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 14 intro xk3w 0 # Luke 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Verse 3 says, “Jesus asked the experts in the Jewish law and the Pharisees, ‘Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath, or not?’” Many times, the Pharisees got angry with Jesus for healing on the Sabbath. In this passage, Jesus dumbfounds the Pharisees. It was normally the Pharisees who tried to trap Jesus.<br><br>### Changes of subject<br><br>Many times in this chapter Luke changes from one subject to another without marking the changes.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Parable<br><br>Jesus told the parable in [Luke 14:15-24](./15.md) to teach that the kingdom of God will be something that everyone can enjoy. But people will refuse to be part of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. A paradox occurs in this chapter: “for everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted” ([Luke 14:11](../../luk/14/11.md)).<br> LUK 14 1 a3ya writing-background 0 General Information: It is the Sabbath, and Jesus is at Pharisee’s house. Verse 1 gives background information for the event that follows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 14 1 dj2d writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο…Σαββάτῳ 1 Now it happened…on a Sabbath This indicates a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 14 1 lh8g figs-synecdoche φαγεῖν ἄρτον 1 to eat bread “to eat” or “for a meal.” Bread was an important part of a meal and is used in this sentence to refer to a meal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LUK 14 1 jst8 αὐτοὶ ἦσαν παρατηρούμενοι αὐτόν 1 they were watching him closely They wanted to see if they could accuse him of doing anything wrong. LUK 14 2 f5gh writing-participants καὶ ἰδοὺ, ἄνθρωπός…ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῦ 1 Now there in front of him was a man The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. English uses “There in front of him was a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 14 2 l4a1 ἦν ὑδρωπικὸς 1 was suffering from edema Edema is swelling caused by water building up in parts of the body. Some languages may have a name for this condition. Alternate translation: “was suffering because parts of his body were swollen with water” LUK 14 3 qak4 ἔξεστιν τῷ Σαββάτῳ θεραπεῦσαι ἢ οὔ? 1 Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath, or not “Does the law permit us to heal on the Sabbath, or does it forbid it” LUK 14 4 pj9t οἱ δὲ ἡσύχασαν 1 But they kept silent The religious leaders refused to answer Jesus’ question. LUK 14 4 x4lq καὶ ἐπιλαβόμενος 1 So Jesus took hold of him “So Jesus took hold of the man who suffered from edema” LUK 14 5 rr5z figs-rquestion τίνος ὑμῶν υἱὸς ἢ βοῦς εἰς φρέαρ πεσεῖται…ἀνασπάσει αὐτὸν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ Σαββάτου? 1 Which of you, if a son or an ox…pull him out on the Sabbath day? Jesus uses a question because he wanted them to admit that they would help their son or ox, even on the Sabbath. Therefore, it was right for him to heal people even on the Sabbath. Alternate translation: “If one of you has a son or an ox…you would surely pull him out immediately.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 14 6 cti5 καὶ οὐκ ἴσχυσαν ἀνταποκριθῆναι 1 They were not able to give an answer They knew the answer and that Jesus was right, but they did not want to admit that he was correct. Alternate translation: “They had nothing to say” LUK 14 7 u86b 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to speak to the guests at the house of the Pharisee who had invited him to a meal. LUK 14 7 em4u figs-activepassive τοὺς κεκλημένους 1 those who were invited It may be helpful to identify these people, and to state this in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom the leader of the Pharisees had invited to the meal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 14 7 yd4g τὰς πρωτοκλισίας 1 the seats of honor “the seats for honored people” or “the seats for important people” LUK 14 8 pd7w figs-activepassive ὅταν κληθῇς ὑπό τινος 1 When you are invited by someone This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When someone invites you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 14 8 m5b9 figs-you ὅταν κληθῇς…σου 1 When you…than you These occurrences of “you” are singular. Jesus is speaking to the group as if to each individual person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 14 8 t1r5 figs-activepassive μήποτε ἐντιμότερός σου ᾖ κεκλημένος ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 or perhap someone more honorable than you may have been invited by him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because the host may have invited a person who is more important than you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 14 9 y1x6 figs-you ἐρεῖ σοι…ἄρξῃ 1 he will say to you…you will proceed These occurrences of “you” and “your” are singular. Jesus is speaking to the group as if to each individual person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 14 9 ecp7 μετὰ αἰσχύνης 1 in shame “you will feel ashamed and” LUK 14 9 gqa6 τὸν ἔσχατον τόπον 1 the last place “the least important place” or “the place for the least important person” LUK 14 10 vf96 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues speaking to the people at the Pharisee’s house. LUK 14 10 x5qh figs-activepassive ὅταν κληθῇς 1 when you are invited This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone invites you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 14 10 by81 τὸν ἔσχατον τόπον 1 the last place “the seat meant for the least important person” LUK 14 10 ck9k προσανάβηθι ἀνώτερον 1 come up higher “move to a seat for a more important person” LUK 14 10 h5ee figs-activepassive τότε ἔσται σοι δόξα 1 Then you will be honored This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then the one who invited you will honor you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 14 11 i5e7 ὁ ὑψῶν ἑαυτὸν 1 who exalts himself “who tries to look important” or “who takes an important position” LUK 14 11 zrs1 figs-activepassive ταπεινωθήσεται 1 will be humbled “will be shown to be unimportant” or “will be given an unimportant position.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 14 11 dk2c ὁ ταπεινῶν ἑαυτὸν 1 humbles himself “who chooses to look unimportant” or “who takes an unimportant position” LUK 14 11 eki7 figs-activepassive ὑψωθήσεται 1 will be exalted “will be shown to be important” or “will be given an important position.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will exalt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 14 12 ka2w 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues speaking at the Pharisee’s house, but addresses his host directly. LUK 14 12 p9hc τῷ κεκληκότι αὐτόν 1 the one who had invited him “the Pharisee who had invited him to his house for a meal” LUK 14 12 v4uk figs-you ὅταν ποιῇς 1 When you give “you” is singular because Jesus is speaking directly to the Pharisee that invited him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 14 12 gmh6 μὴ φώνει 1 do not invite This probably does not mean they can never invite these people. More likely it means they should invite others as well. Alternate translation: “do not only invite” or “do not always invite” LUK 14 12 n1ec μήποτε καὶ αὐτοὶ ἀντικαλέσωσίν σε 1 otherwise they may also invite you in return “because they might” LUK 14 12 iy46 ἀντικαλέσωσίν σε 1 may invite you in return “invite you to their dinner or banquet” LUK 14 12 vn1y figs-activepassive γένηται ἀνταπόδομά σοι 1 repayment will be made to you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “in this way they will repay you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 14 13 nc41 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues speaking to the Pharisee who had invited him to his home. LUK 14 13 uc5f κάλει πτωχούς 1 invite the poor It may be helpful to add “also” since this statement is probably not exclusive. Alternate translation: “also invite the poor” LUK 14 14 vpt9 figs-activepassive μακάριος ἔσῃ 1 you will be blessed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 14 14 r6cp οὐκ ἔχουσιν ἀνταποδοῦναί σοι 1 they cannot repay you “they cannot invite you to a banquet in return” LUK 14 14 z4tv figs-activepassive ἀνταποδοθήσεται…σοι 1 you will be repaid This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will repay you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 14 14 rd75 figs-explicit ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει τῶν δικαίων 1 in the resurrection of the just This refers to the final judgment. Alternate translation: “when God brings the righteous people back to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 14 15 cm12 figs-parables 0 General Information: One of the men at the table speaks to Jesus and Jesus responds to him by telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) LUK 14 15 h4wu writing-participants τις τῶν συνανακειμένων 1 one of those who reclined at table This introduces a new person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 14 15 gu4r μακάριος 1 Blessed is he The man was not talking about a specific person. Alternate translation: “Blessed is anyone” or “How good it is for everyone” LUK 14 15 a8pf figs-synecdoche ὅστις φάγεται ἄρτον 1 he who will eat bread The word “bread” is used to refer to the whole meal. Alternate translation: “he who will eat at the meal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LUK 14 16 m4y2 figs-parables ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτῷ 1 But Jesus said to him Jesus begins telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) LUK 14 16 yrp5 figs-explicit ἄνθρωπός τις ἐποίει δεῖπνον μέγα, καὶ ἐκάλεσεν πολλούς 1 A certain man prepared a large dinner and invited many The reader should be able to infer that the man probably had his servants prepare the meal and invite the guests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 14 16 m7bc ἄνθρωπός τις 1 A certain man This phrase is a way of referring to the man without giving any specific information about his identity. LUK 14 16 rze1 ἐκάλεσεν πολλούς 1 invited many “invited many people” or “invited many guests” LUK 14 17 us3d τῇ ὥρᾳ τοῦ δείπνου 1 At the hour of the dinner “At the time for the dinner” or “When the dinner was about to begin” LUK 14 17 xkp8 figs-activepassive τοῖς κεκλημένοις 1 those who were invited This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those he had invited” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 14 18 eh3h 0 General Information: All of the people who were invited gave the servant excuses about why they could not come to the banquet. LUK 14 18 kd3n 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues telling his parable. LUK 14 18 s9as παραιτεῖσθαι 1 to make excuses “to say why they could not come to the dinner” LUK 14 18 l3r6 figs-explicit ὁ πρῶτος εἶπεν αὐτῷ 1 The first said to him The reader should be able to infer that these people spoke directly to the servant whom the master had sent out ([Luke 14:17](../14/17.md)). Alternate translation: “The first sent him a message, saying” or “The first told the servant to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 14 18 lc8u ἐρωτῶ σε ἔχε με παρῃτημένον 1 Please excuse me “Please forgive me” or “Please accept my apology” LUK 14 19 d9p2 figs-explicit ἕτερος εἶπεν 1 another said The reader should be able to infer that these people spoke directly to the servant whom the master had sent out ([Luke 14:17](../14/17.md)). Alternate translation: “Another sent a message, saying” or “Another told the servant to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 14 19 cd9b figs-explicit ζεύγη βοῶν…πέντε 1 five pairs of oxen Oxen were used in pairs to pull farming tools. Alternate translation: “10 oxen to work in my fields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 14 20 lf9h figs-explicit καὶ ἕτερος εἶπεν 1 Yet another said The reader should be able to infer that these people spoke directly to the servant whom the master had sent out ([Luke 14:17](../14/17.md)). Alternate translation: “another man sent a message, saying” or “another man told the servant to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 14 20 gy6v γυναῖκα ἔγημα 1 I have married a wife Use an expression that is natural in your language. Some languages may say “gotten married” or “taken a wife.” LUK 14 21 v7v7 ὀργισθεὶς 1 becoming angry “became angry with the people he had invited” LUK 14 21 s88p εἰσάγαγε ὧδε 1 bring in here “invite in here to eat the dinner” LUK 14 22 y4rb figs-explicit καὶ εἶπεν ὁ δοῦλος 1 Then the servant said It may be necessary to state clearly the implied information that the servant did what the master commanded him. Alternate translation: “After the servant went out and did that, he came back and said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 14 22 dgt3 figs-activepassive γέγονεν ὃ ἐπέταξας 1 what you commanded has been done This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I have done what you commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 14 23 a3ic 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes his parable. LUK 14 23 n9x7 τὰς ὁδοὺς καὶ φραγμοὺς 1 the highways and hedges This refers to roads and paths outside of the city. Alternate translation: “the main roads and paths outside of the city” LUK 14 23 gu6i ἀνάγκασον εἰσελθεῖν 1 compel them to come in “demand that they come in” LUK 14 23 ye6q ἀνάγκασον 1 compel them The word “them” refers to anyone the servants find. “compel anyone you find to come in” LUK 14 23 w5w6 ἵνα γεμισθῇ μου ὁ οἶκος 1 that my house may be filled “so that people may fill my house” LUK 14 24 v5m6 figs-you λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν 1 For I say to you The word “you” is plural, so it is unclear to whom it is addressed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 14 24 liz5 τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐκείνων 1 those men The word here for “men” means “male adults” and not just people in general. LUK 14 24 n867 figs-activepassive τῶν…κεκλημένων 1 who were invited This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom I invited” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 14 24 hl7q γεύσεταί μου τοῦ δείπνου 1 will taste my dinner “will enjoy the dinner I have prepared” LUK 14 25 gv94 0 General Information: Jesus begins to teach the crowd that was traveling with him. LUK 14 26 rmt8 figs-hyperbole εἴ τις ἔρχεται πρός με, καὶ οὐ μισεῖ τὸν πατέρα ἑαυτοῦ…οὐ δύναται εἶναί μου μαθητής 1 If anyone comes to me and does not hate his own father…he cannot be my disciple Here, “hate” is an exaggeration for the lesser love people are to show to people other than Jesus. Alternate translation: “If anyone comes to me and does not love me more than he loves his father…he cannot be my disciple” or “Only if a person loves me more than he loves his own father…can he be my disciple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) LUK 14 27 pm44 figs-doublenegatives ὅστις οὐ βαστάζει τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔρχεται ὀπίσω μου, οὐ δύναται εἶναί μου μαθητής 1 Whoever does not carry his own cross and come after me cannot be my disciple This could be stated with positive verbs. Alternate translation: “If anyone wants to be my disciple, he must carry his own cross and follow me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) LUK 14 27 jn5u figs-metaphor βαστάζει τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ 1 carry his own cross Jesus does not mean every Christian must be crucified. The Romans often made people carry their own crosses before they crucified them as a sign of their submission to Rome. This metaphor means they must submit to God and be willing to suffer in any way to be Jesus’ disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 14 28 s6ru 0 General Information: Jesus continues to explain to the crowd that it is important to count the cost of being a disciple. LUK 14 28 q3cx figs-rquestion τίς γὰρ ἐξ ὑμῶν θέλων πύργον οἰκοδομῆσαι, οὐχὶ πρῶτον καθίσας, ψηφίζει τὴν δαπάνην, εἰ ἔχει εἰς ἀπαρτισμόν? 1 For which of you who desires to build a tower does not first sit down and count the cost to calculate if he has what he needs to complete it? Jesus uses this question to prove that people count the cost of a project before they begin it. Alternate translation: “If a person wanted to build a tower, he would certainly first sit down and determine if he had enough money to complete it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 14 28 eyx4 πύργον 1 a tower This may have been a watchtower. “a tall building” or “a high lookout platform” LUK 14 29 qj4i figs-ellipsis ἵνα μήποτε 1 Otherwise It may be helpful to give more information. Alternate translation: “If he does not first count the cost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 14 29 axc7 θέντος αὐτοῦ θεμέλιον 1 when he has laid a foundation “when he has built a base” or “when he has completed the first part of the building” LUK 14 29 ym3a figs-explicit μὴ ἰσχύοντος ἐκτελέσαι 1 is not able to finish It is understood that he was not able to finish because he did not have enough money. This could be stated. Alternate translation: “does not have enough money to be able to finish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 14 31 lg6h 0 General Information: Jesus continues to explain to the crowd that it is important to count the cost of being a disciple. LUK 14 31 p1ri ἢ 1 Or Jesus used this word to introduce another situation where people count the cost before making a decision. LUK 14 31 vp3u figs-rquestion τίς βασιλεὺς…οὐχὶ καθίσας πρῶτον βουλεύσεται…εἴκοσι χιλιάδων ἐρχομένῳ ἐπ’ αὐτόν? 1 what king…will not sit down first and determine…twenty thousand men? Jesus uses another question to teach the crowd about counting the cost. Alternate translation: “you know that a king…would sit down first and take counsel…men.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 14 31 tl37 βουλεύσεται 1 determine Possible meanings are 1) “think carefully “ or 2) “listen to his advisors.” LUK 14 31 xy87 translate-numbers δέκα χιλιάσιν…εἴκοσι χιλιάδων 1 ten thousand…twenty thousand “10,000…20,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) LUK 14 32 dpc5 figs-ellipsis εἰ δὲ μή γε 1 But if not It may be helpful to state more information. Alternate translation: “If he realizes that he will not be able to defeat the other king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 14 32 p5h6 τὰ πρὸς εἰρήνην 1 terms of peace “terms to end the war” or “what the other king wants him to do in order to end the war” LUK 14 33 is32 figs-doublenegatives πᾶς ἐξ ὑμῶν ὃς οὐκ ἀποτάσσεται πᾶσιν τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ ὑπάρχουσιν, οὐ δύναται εἶναί μου μαθητής 1 every one of you who does not give up all that he has cannot be my disciple This can be stated with positive verbs. Alternate translation: “only those of you who give up all that you have can be my disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) LUK 14 33 f2he ἀποτάσσεται πᾶσιν τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ ὑπάρχουσιν 1 give up everything that he possesses “leave behind all that he has” LUK 14 34 tkm2 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes teaching the crowd. LUK 14 34 tz7c figs-metaphor καλὸν οὖν τὸ ἅλας 1 So salt is good “Salt is useful.” Jesus is teaching a lesson about those who want to be his disciple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 14 34 cz52 figs-rquestion ἐν τίνι ἀρτυθήσεται 1 with what will it be seasoned? Jesus uses a question to teach the crowd. Alternate translation: “it cannot be made salty again.” or “no one can make it salty again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 14 35 bp1b κοπρίαν 1 manure pile People use manure to fertilize gardens and fields. Salt without taste is so useless it is not even worth mixing with manure. Alternate translation: “compost heap” or “fertilizer” LUK 14 35 n5a9 figs-activepassive ἔξω βάλλουσιν αὐτό 1 They throw it out This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone just throws it away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 14 35 u9h3 figs-metonymy ὁ ἔχων ὦτα ἀκούειν, ἀκουέτω 1 The one who has ears to hear, let him hear Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase “ears to hear” here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated this phrase in [Luke 8:8](../08/08.md). Alternate translation: “Let the one who is willing to listen, listen” or “The one who is willing to understand, let him understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 14 35 c5fb figs-123person 1 The one who…let him Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Luke 8:8](../08/08.md). Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 15 intro p1ba 0 # Luke 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### The parable of the prodigal son<br><br>[Luke 15:11-32](./11.md) is the parable of the prodigal son. Most people think that the father in the story represented God (the Father), the sinful younger son represented those who repent and come to faith in Jesus, and the self-righteous older son represented the Pharisees. In the story the older son became angry at the father because the father forgave the younger son’s sins, and he would not go into the party the father had because the younger son repented. This was because Jesus knew that the Pharisees wanted God to think only they were good and to not forgive other people’s sins. He was teaching them that they would never be part of God’s kingdom because they thought that way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sinners<br><br>When the people of Jesus’ time spoke of “sinners,” they were talking about people who did not obey the law of Moses and instead committed sins like stealing or sexual sins. But Jesus told three parables ([Luke 15:4-7](./04.md), [Luke 15:8-10](./08.md), and [Luke 15:11-32](./11.md)) to teach that the people who believe they are sinners and who repent are the people who truly please God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])<br> LUK 15 1 l9ez 0 General Information: We do not know where this takes place; it simply occurs one day when Jesus is teaching. LUK 15 1 yj6b writing-newevent δὲ 1 Now This marks the beginning of a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 15 1 ss52 figs-hyperbole πάντες οἱ τελῶναι 1 all the tax collectors This is an exaggeration to stress that there were very many of them. Alternate translation: “many tax collectors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 15 2 dd9b οὗτος ἁμαρτωλοὺς προσδέχεται 1 This man receives “This man lets sinners into his presence” or “This man associates with sinners” LUK 15 2 ec2r οὗτος 1 This man They were talking about Jesus. LUK 15 2 he1l συνεσθίει αὐτοῖς 1 even eats with them The word “even” shows that they thought it was bad enough that Jesus allowed sinners to come to him, but it was worse that he would eat with them. LUK 15 3 ill7 figs-parables 0 General Information: Jesus begins to tell several parables. These parables are hypothetical situations about things that anyone could experience. They are not about particular people. The first parable is about what a person would do if one of his sheep was lost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) LUK 15 3 mul2 πρὸς αὐτοὺς 1 to them Here “them” refers to the religious leaders. LUK 15 4 pxm3 figs-rquestion τίς ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ὑμῶν…οὐ καταλείπει…ἕως εὕρῃ αὐτό? 1 Which man among you…will not leave…until he finds it? Jesus uses a question to remind the people that if any of them lost one of their sheep, they would certainly go looking for it. Alternate translation: “Each of you…would certainly leave…until he finds it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 15 4 c2qs figs-123person τίς ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ὑμῶν, ἔχων ἑκατὸν πρόβατα 1 Which man among you, having a hundred sheep Since the parable starts with “Which one of you,” some languages would continue the parable in the second person. Alternate translation: “Which one of you, if you have a hundred sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 15 4 d8xi translate-numbers ἑκατὸν…ἐνενήκοντα ἐννέα 1 hundred…ninety-nine “100…99” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) LUK 15 5 xwa5 figs-explicit ἐπιτίθησιν ἐπὶ τοὺς ὤμους αὐτοῦ 1 lays it across his shoulders This is the way a shepherd carries a sheep. This could be stated. Alternate translation: “lays it across his shoulders to carry it home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 15 6 g3f3 καὶ ἐλθὼν εἰς τὸν οἶκον 1 When he comes to the house “When the owner of the sheep comes home” or “When you come home.” Refer to the owner of the sheep as you did in the previous verse. LUK 15 7 k1l2 οὕτως 1 even so “in the same way” or “as the shepherd and his friends and neighbors would rejoice” LUK 15 7 k8k6 χαρὰ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἔσται 1 there will be joy in heaven “everyone in heaven will rejoice” LUK 15 7 yn3h figs-hyperbole ἐνενήκοντα ἐννέα δικαίοις, οἵτινες οὐ χρείαν ἔχουσιν μετανοίας 1 ninety-nine righteous people who have no need of repentance Jesus uses sarcasm to say that the Pharisees were wrong to think that they did not need to repent. Your language may have a different way to express this idea. Alternate translation: “ninety-nine persons like you, who think they are righteous and do not need to repent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 15 7 rd5r translate-numbers ἐνενήκοντα ἐννέα 1 ninety-nine “99” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) LUK 15 8 pi6f 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins telling another parable. It is about a woman with 10 sliver coins. LUK 15 8 ly5c figs-rquestion ἢ τίς γυνὴ…οὐχὶ ἅπτει λύχνον…καὶ ζητεῖ ἐπιμελῶς, ἕως οὗ εὕρῃ? 1 Or what woman…would not light a lamp…and seek diligently until she has found it? Jesus uses a question to remind the people that if they lost a silver coin, they would certainly look for it diligently. Alternate translation: “Any woman…would certainly light a lamp…and seek diligently until she has found it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 15 8 qr36 figs-hypo ἐὰν ἀπολέσῃ 1 if she would lose This is a hypothetical situation and not a story about a real woman. Some languages have ways of showing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) LUK 15 10 wrs9 οὕτως 1 In the same way “In the same way” or “Just as people would rejoice with the woman” LUK 15 10 m8zl ἐπὶ ἑνὶ ἁμαρτωλῷ μετανοοῦντι 1 over one sinner who repents “when one sinner repents” LUK 15 11 ib6s figs-parables 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins telling another parable. It is about a young man who asks his father for his part of the inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) LUK 15 11 c2t6 writing-participants ἄνθρωπός τις 1 A certain man This introduces a new character in the parable. Some languages might say “There was a man who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 15 12 y6uq δός μοι 1 give me The son wanted his father to give it to him immediately. Languages that have a command form that means that they want it done immediately should use that form. LUK 15 12 l8ve τὸ ἐπιβάλλον μέρος τῆς οὐσίας 1 the portion of the wealth that falls to me “the part of your wealth that you planned for me to receive when you die” LUK 15 12 r2q7 αὐτοῖς 1 between them “between his two sons” LUK 15 13 lu69 συναγαγὼν πάντα 1 gathered everything together “packed his things” or “put his things in his bag” LUK 15 13 ew56 ζῶν ἀσώτως 1 living recklessly “living without thinking about the consequences of his actions” or “living wildly” LUK 15 14 z99l δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Jesus explains how the younger son went from having plenty to being in need. LUK 15 14 kpb8 ἐγένετο λιμὸς ἰσχυρὰ κατὰ τὴν χώραν ἐκείνην 1 a severe famine happened throughout that country “a drought occurred there and the entire country did not have enough food” LUK 15 14 y8mf ὑστερεῖσθαι 1 to be in need “to lack what he needed” or “to not have enough” LUK 15 15 cdn2 καὶ πορευθεὶς 1 So he went The word “he” refers to the younger son. LUK 15 15 y3bf ἐκολλήθη 1 hired himself out “took a job with” or “began to work for” LUK 15 15 k19m ἑνὶ τῶν πολιτῶν τῆς χώρας ἐκείνης 1 one of the citizens of that country “a man of that country” LUK 15 15 rxt4 βόσκειν χοίρους 1 to feed pigs “to give food to the man’s pigs” LUK 15 16 m8zd figs-explicit καὶ ἐπεθύμει χορτασθῆναι 1 He was longing to eat “wished very much that he could eat.” It is understood that this is because he was very hungry. This could be stated. Alternate translation: “he was so hungry that he would have happily eaten” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 15 16 pd3c translate-unknown κερατίων 1 carob pods These are the husks of beans that grow on the carob tree. Alternate translation: “carob bean pods” or “bean husks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) LUK 15 17 x4jc figs-idiom εἰς ἑαυτὸν…ἐλθὼν 1 when he had come to himself This idiom means he realized what the truth was, that he had made a terrible mistake. Alternate translation: “clearly understood his situation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 15 17 xw1a πόσοι μίσθιοι τοῦ πατρός μου περισσεύονται ἄρτων 1 How many of my father’s hired servants have more than enough bread This is part of an exclamation, and not a question. Alternate translation: “All my father’s hired servants have more than enough food to eat” LUK 15 17 tal2 λιμῷ…ἀπόλλυμαι 1 dying from hunger This is probably not an exaggeration. The young man may really have been starving. LUK 15 18 m4pj figs-metonymy ἥμαρτον εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν 1 I have sinned against heaven Jewish people sometimes avoided saying the word “God” and used the word “heaven” instead. Alternate translation: “I have sinned against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 15 19 aug2 figs-activepassive οὐκέτι εἰμὶ ἄξιος κληθῆναι υἱός σου 1 I am no longer worthy to be called your son “I am not worthy to be called your son.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am not worthy for you to call me son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 15 19 up55 ποίησόν με ὡς ἕνα τῶν μισθίων σου 1 make me as one of your hired servants “hire me as an employee” or “hire me and I will become one of your servants.” This is a request, not a command. It may be helpful to add “please” as the UST does. LUK 15 20 m43r καὶ ἀναστὰς, ἦλθεν πρὸς τὸν πατέρα ἑαυτοῦ 1 So he got up and went to his own father “So he left that country and started going back to his father.” The word “so” marks an event that happened because of something else that happened first. In this case, the young man was in need and had decided to go home. LUK 15 20 za3c ἔτι δὲ αὐτοῦ μακρὰν ἀπέχοντος 1 But while he was still far away “While he was still far away from his home” or “While he was still far away from his father’s house” LUK 15 20 a7ls ἐσπλαγχνίσθη 1 was moved with compassion “had pity on him” or “loved him deeply from his heart” LUK 15 20 z7p3 ἐπέπεσεν ἐπὶ τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ καὶ κατεφίλησεν αὐτόν 1 fell upon his neck, and kissed him The father did this to show his son that he loved him and was glad that the son was coming home. If people think that it is strange or wrong for a man to embrace or hug and kiss his son, you can substitute a way that men in your culture show affection to their sons. Alternate translation: “welcomed him affectionately” LUK 15 21 xz93 figs-metonymy ἥμαρτον εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν 1 I have sinned against heaven Jewish people sometimes avoided saying the word “God” and used the word “heaven” instead. See how you translated this in [Luke 15:18](../15/18.md). Alternate translation: “I have sinned against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 15 21 qxg5 figs-activepassive οὐκέτι εἰμὶ ἄξιος κληθῆναι υἱός σου 1 I am no longer worthy to be called your son This can be stated in active form. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Luke 15:18](../15/18.md). Alternate translation: “I am not worthy for you to call me your son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 15 22 b3hv στολὴν τὴν πρώτην 1 the best robe “the best robe in the house.” Alternate translation: “the best coat” or “the best garment” LUK 15 22 nlx9 δότε δακτύλιον εἰς τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ 1 put a ring on his hand A ring was a sign of authority that men wore on one of their fingers. LUK 15 22 xat6 ὑποδήματα 1 sandals Wealthy people of that time wore sandals. However, in many cultures the modern equivalent would be “shoes.” LUK 15 23 ll8j figs-explicit μόσχον τὸν σιτευτόν 1 fattened calf A calf is a young cow. People would give one of their calves special food so that it would grow well, and then when they wanted to have a special feast, they would eat that calf. Alternate translation: “the best calf” or “the young animal we have been making fat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 15 23 t3cu figs-explicit θύσατε 1 kill it The implied information that they were to cook the meat can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “kill it and cook it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 15 24 ubz3 figs-metaphor ὁ υἱός μου νεκρὸς ἦν καὶ ἀνέζησεν 1 this son of mine was dead, and now is alive This metaphor speaks of the son being gone as if he were dead. Alternate translation: “it is as if my son were dead and became alive again” or “I felt like my son had died, but he is now alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 15 24 izx2 figs-metaphor ἦν ἀπολωλὼς καὶ εὑρέθη 1 he was lost, and now is found This metaphor speaks of the son being gone as if he were lost. Alternate translation: “It is as if my son were lost and now I found him” or “My son was lost and has returned home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 15 25 jd7l δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Jesus starts to tell a new part of the story about the older son. LUK 15 25 bk6d figs-explicit ἐν ἀγρῷ 1 in the field It is implied that he was out in the field because he was working there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 15 26 xx6a ἕνα τῶν παίδων 1 one of the servants The word that is translated here as “servant” is normally translated as “boy.” It may indicate that the servant was very young. LUK 15 26 z51r τί ἂν εἴη ταῦτα 1 what these things might be “what was happening” LUK 15 27 r8py figs-explicit τὸν μόσχον τὸν σιτευτόν 1 the fattened calf A calf is a young cow. People would give one of their calves special food so that it would grow well, and then when they wanted to have a special feast, they would eat that calf. See how you translated this phrase in [Luke 15:23](../15/23.md). Alternate translation: “the best calf” or “the young animal we have been making fat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 15 29 hne4 τοσαῦτα ἔτη 1 these many years “for many years” LUK 15 29 f8w9 δουλεύω σοι 1 I slaved for you “I worked extremely hard for you” or “I worked as hard as a slave for you” LUK 15 29 d2t6 οὐδέποτε ἐντολήν σου παρῆλθον 1 never broke a rule of yours “never disobeyed any of your commands” or “always obeyed everything you told me to do” LUK 15 29 ph4q figs-explicit ἔριφον 1 a young goat A young goat was smaller and less expensive than a fatted calf. Alternate translation: “even a young goat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 15 30 y27h ὁ υἱός σου οὗτος 1 this son of yours “that son of yours.” The older son refers to his brother this way in order to show how angry he is. LUK 15 30 vip3 figs-metaphor ὁ καταφαγών σου τὸν βίον 1 who has devoured your living Food is a metaphor for money. After one eats food, the food is no longer there and there is nothing to eat. The money that the brother had received was no longer there and there was no more to spend. Alternate translation: “wasted all your wealth” or “thrown away all your money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 15 30 e6ig figs-hyperbole μετὰ πορνῶν 1 with prostitutes Possible meanings are 1) he assumed this is how his brother spent the money or 2) he speaks of prostitutes to exaggerate the sinfulness of his brother’s actions in the “country far away” ([Luke 15:13](../15/13.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 15 30 vf31 figs-explicit τὸν σιτευτὸν μόσχον 1 the fattened calf A calf is a young cow. People would give one of their calves special food so that it would grow well, and then when they wanted to have a special feast, they would eat that calf. See how you translated this phrase in [Luke 15:23](../15/23.md). Alternate translation: “the best calf” or “the young animal we have been making fat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 15 31 b5s3 ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτῷ 1 Then the father said to him The word “him” refers to the older son. LUK 15 32 c35s ὁ ἀδελφός σου οὗτος 1 this brother of yours The father was reminding the older son that the one who just came home was his brother. LUK 15 32 due5 figs-metaphor ὁ ἀδελφός σου οὗτος, νεκρὸς ἦν καὶ ἔζησεν 1 this brother of yours was dead, and is now alive This metaphor speaks of the brother being gone as if he were dead. See how you translated this phrase in [Luke 15:24](../15/24.md). Alternate translation: “it was as if this brother of yours were dead and became alive again” or “this brother of yours had died, but he is now alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 15 32 v55y figs-metaphor ἀπολωλὼς καὶ εὑρέθη 1 he was lost, and now is found This metaphor speaks of the son being gone as if he were lost. See how you translated this phrase in [Luke 15:24](../15/24.md). Alternate translation: “it is as if he were lost and now I found him” or “he was lost and has returned home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 16 intro qz3g 0 # Luke 16 General Notes LUK 16 1 r6ck figs-parables 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins telling another parable. It is about a master and the manager of his debtors. This is still the same part of the story and the same day that began in [Luke 15:3](../15/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) LUK 16 1 p54g ἔλεγεν δὲ καὶ πρὸς τοὺς μαθητάς 1 Now Jesus also said to the disciples The last section was directed at Pharisees and scribes, though Jesus’ disciples may have been part of the crowd listening. LUK 16 1 k6jv writing-participants ἄνθρωπός τις ἦν πλούσιος 1 There was a certain rich man This introduces a new character in the parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 16 1 blp5 figs-activepassive οὗτος διεβλήθη αὐτῷ 1 he was reported to him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people reported to the rich man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 16 1 lpc3 διασκορπίζων τὰ ὑπάρχοντα αὐτοῦ 1 wasting his possessions “foolishly managing the rich man’s wealth” LUK 16 2 p7y7 figs-rquestion τί τοῦτο ἀκούω περὶ σοῦ? 1 What is this that I hear about you? The rich man uses a question to scold the manager. Alternate translation: “I have heard what you are doing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 16 2 q433 ἀπόδος τὸν λόγον τῆς οἰκονομίας σου 1 Give an account of your management “Set your records in order to pass on to someone else” or “Prepare the records you have written about my money” LUK 16 3 kc12 figs-rquestion τί ποιήσω…τὴν οἰκονομίαν ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ? 1 What should I do…the management job from me? The manager asks this question of himself, as a means of reviewing his options. Alternate translation: “I need to think about what I should do…job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 16 3 kng1 ὁ κύριός μου 1 my master This refers to the wealthy man. The manager was not a slave. Alternate translation: “my employer” LUK 16 3 t3kj σκάπτειν οὐκ ἰσχύω 1 I am not strong enough to dig “I am not strong enough to dig the ground” or “I am not able to dig” LUK 16 4 xxe2 figs-activepassive ὅταν μετασταθῶ ἐκ τῆς οἰκονομίας 1 when I am removed from my management job This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when I lose my management job” or “when my master takes away my management job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 16 4 m4za figs-explicit δέξωνταί με εἰς τοὺς οἴκους αὐτῶν 1 people will welcome me into their houses This implies that those people will provide a job, or other things that he needs to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 16 5 rze8 τῶν χρεοφιλετῶν τοῦ κυρίου ἑαυτοῦ 1 the debters of his master “the people who were in debt to his master” or “the people who owed things to his master.” In this story the debtors owed olive oil and wheat. LUK 16 6 xp6d ὁ δὲ εἶπεν…ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτῷ 1 He said…He said to him “The debtor said…the manager said to the debtor” LUK 16 6 u8nh translate-bvolume ἑκατὸν βάτους ἐλαίου 1 A hundred baths of olive oil This was about 3,000 liters of olive oil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) LUK 16 6 rmb3 translate-numbers ἑκατὸν…πεντήκοντα 1 a hundred…fifty “100…50” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) LUK 16 6 jn75 δέξαι σου τὰ γράμματα 1 Take your bill A “bill” is a piece of paper that tells how much someone owes. LUK 16 7 sy3y ἔπειτα ἑτέρῳ εἶπεν…ὁ δὲ εἶπεν…λέγει αὐτῷ 1 Then he said to another…He said…He said to him “the manager said to another debtor…The debtor said…The manager said to the debtor” LUK 16 7 pq2u translate-bvolume ἑκατὸν κόρους σίτου 1 A hundred cors of wheat You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “twenty thousand liters of wheat” or “a thousand baskets of wheat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) LUK 16 7 tn17 γράψον ὀγδοήκοντα 1 write eighty “write eighty cors of wheat.” You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “write sixteen thousand liters” or “write eight hundred baskets” LUK 16 7 jsl6 translate-numbers ὀγδοήκοντα 1 eighty “80” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) LUK 16 8 aj5l 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes telling the parable about the master and the manager of his debtors. In verse 9, Jesus continues to teach his disciples. LUK 16 8 hc3l καὶ ἐπῄνεσεν ὁ κύριος 1 Then the master commended The text does not say how the master learned of the manager’s action. LUK 16 8 vha4 ἐπῄνεσεν 1 commended “praised” or “spoke well of” or “approved of” LUK 16 8 nfz3 φρονίμως ἐποίησεν 1 he had acted shrewdly “he had acted cleverly” or “he had done a sensible thing” LUK 16 8 a1yq οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου 1 the sons of this age This refers to those like the unrighteous manager who do not know or care about God. Alternate translation: “the people of this world” or “worldly people” LUK 16 8 lvx7 figs-metaphor τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ φωτὸς 1 the sons of light Here “light” is a metaphor for everything godly. Alternate translation: “the people of God” or “godly people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 16 9 agp3 ἐγὼ ὑμῖν λέγω 1 I say to you “I” refers to Jesus. The phrase “I say to you” marks the end of the story and now Jesus tells the people how to apply the story to their lives. LUK 16 9 jkn7 ἑαυτοῖς ποιήσατε φίλους ἐκ τοῦ μαμωνᾶ τῆς ἀδικίας 1 make friends for yourselves by means of unrighteous wealth The focus here is on using the money to help other people. Alternate translation: “make people your friends by helping them with worldly wealth” LUK 16 9 q2jb figs-metonymy ἐκ τοῦ μαμωνᾶ τῆς ἀδικίας 1 by means of unrighteous wealth Possible meanings are 1) Jesus uses hyperbole when he calls money “unrighteous” because it has no eternal value. Alternate translation: “by using money, which has no eternal value” or “by using worldly money” or 2) Jesus uses metonymy when he calls money “unrighteous” because people sometimes earn it or use it in unrighteous ways. Alternate translation: “by using even money that you earned dishonestly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 16 9 u394 δέξωνται 1 they may receive This may refer to 1) God in heaven, who is pleased that you used money to help people, or 2) the friends you helped with your money . LUK 16 9 kq56 αἰωνίους σκηνάς 1 eternal dwellings This refers to heaven, where God lives. LUK 16 10 sk2f figs-gendernotations ὁ πιστὸς…καὶ…πιστός ἐστιν…ὁ…ἄδικος…καὶ…ἄδικός ἐστιν 1 He who is faithful…is also faithful…he who is unrighteous…is also unrighteous “People who are faithful…are also faithful…people who are unrighteous…are also unrighteous.” This would include women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) LUK 16 10 we3j πιστὸς ἐν ἐλαχίστῳ 1 is faithful in very little “faithful even with small things.” Make sure this does not sound like they are not very faithful. LUK 16 10 r8hz ἐν ἐλαχίστῳ ἄδικος 1 is unrighteous in very little “unrighteous even in small things.” Make sure this does not sound like they are not often unrighteous. LUK 16 11 tm3w figs-metonymy τῷ ἀδίκῳ μαμωνᾷ 1 unrighteous wealth See how you translated this in [Luke 16:9](../16/09.md). Possible meanings are 1) Jesus uses metonymy when he calls money “unrighteous” because people sometimes earn it or use it in unrighteous ways. Alternate translation: “even money that you earned dishonestly” or 2) Jesus uses hyperbole when he calls money “unrighteous” because it has no eternal value. Alternate translation: “money, which has no eternal value” or “by using worldly money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 16 11 cv6s figs-rquestion τὸ ἀληθινὸν τίς ὑμῖν πιστεύσει? 1 who will entrust true wealth to you? Jesus uses a question to teach the people. Alternate translation: “no one will trust you with true wealth.” or “no one will give you true wealth to manage.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 16 11 x2hr τὸ ἀληθινὸν 1 true wealth This refers to wealth that is more genuine, real, or lasting than money. LUK 16 12 uy96 figs-rquestion τὸ ὑμέτερον τίς ὑμῖν δώσει 1 who will give to you that which is your own? Jesus uses this question to teach the people. Alternate translation: “no one will give you wealth for yourself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 16 13 w2sf οὐδεὶς οἰκέτης δύναται 1 No servant can “A servant cannot” LUK 16 13 msb6 δυσὶ κυρίοις δουλεύειν 1 serve two masters It is implied that he cannot “serve two different masters at the same time” LUK 16 13 u1lk ἢ γὰρ…μισήσει…ἢ…ἀνθέξεται 1 for either he will hate…or else he will be devoted These two clauses are essentially the same. The only significant difference is that the first master is hated in the first clause, but the second master is hated in the second clause. LUK 16 13 pd2p μισήσει 1 he will hate “the servant will hate” LUK 16 13 ba2m ἑνὸς ἀνθέξεται 1 he will be devoted to one “love one very strongly” LUK 16 13 dd9z τοῦ ἑτέρου καταφρονήσει 1 despise the other “hold the other in contempt” or “hate the other” LUK 16 13 d1qg καταφρονήσει 1 despise This means essentially the same as “hate” in the previous clause. LUK 16 13 pw7q figs-you οὐ δύνασθε…δουλεύειν 1 You cannot serve Jesus was talking to a group of people, so languages that have a plural form of “you” would use that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 16 14 zb3n writing-background 0 General Information: This is a break in Jesus teachings, as verse 14 tells us background information about how the Pharisees ridiculed Jesus. In verse 15, Jesus continues teaching and responds to the Pharisees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 16 14 taq3 δὲ 1 Now This word marks a shift to the background information. LUK 16 14 lbq9 φιλάργυροι ὑπάρχοντες 1 who were lovers of money “who loved having money” or “who where very greedy for money” LUK 16 14 w9kh ἐξεμυκτήριζον αὐτόν 1 they ridiculed him “the Pharisees ridiculed Jesus” LUK 16 15 btb9 καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς 1 So he said to them “And Jesus said to the Pharisees” LUK 16 15 cqs7 ὑμεῖς ἐστε οἱ δικαιοῦντες ἑαυτοὺς ἐνώπιον τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 You are those who justify yourselves in the sight of men “You try to make yourselves look good to people” LUK 16 15 lx4f figs-metonymy ὁ δὲ Θεὸς γινώσκει τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν 1 but God knows your hearts Here “hearts” refers to the desires of people. Alternate translation: “God understands your true desires” or “God knows your motives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 16 15 q82t figs-activepassive τὸ ἐν ἀνθρώποις ὑψηλὸν, βδέλυγμα ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 That which is exalted among men is detestable in the sight of God This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Those things that men think are very important are things that God hates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 16 16 m566 ὁ νόμος καὶ οἱ προφῆται 1 The law and the prophets This refers to all of God’s word that had been written up to that time. LUK 16 16 a2ra μέχρι 1 were in effect until “had authority” or “were what people needed to obey” LUK 16 16 b78c figs-explicit Ἰωάννου 1 John This refers to John the Baptist. Alternate translation: “John the Baptist came” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 16 16 mrl3 figs-activepassive ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ εὐαγγελίζεται 1 the gospel of the kingdom of God is preached This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am teaching people about the good news of the kingdom of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 16 16 lyw7 πᾶς εἰς αὐτὴν βιάζεται 1 everyone tries to force their way into it This refers to the people who were listening to and accepting the teaching of Jesus. Alternate translation: “many people are doing everything they can to enter it” LUK 16 17 stl8 εὐκοπώτερον δέ ἐστιν τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν παρελθεῖν, ἢ τοῦ νόμου μίαν κερέαν πεσεῖν 1 But it is easier for heaven and earth to pass away than for one stroke of a letter of the law to become invalid This contrast could be stated in the reverse order. Alternate translation: “even the smallest stroke of the letter of the law will last longer than heaven and earth will exist” LUK 16 17 ke7y figs-explicit ἢ…μίαν κερέαν 1 than for one stroke of a letter A “stroke” is the smallest part of a letter. It refers to something in the law that may seem to be insignificant. Alternate translation: “than for even the smallest detail of the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 16 17 t33k πεσεῖν 1 to become invalid “disappear” or “cease to exist” LUK 16 18 j8fn πᾶς ὁ ἀπολύων τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ 1 Everyone who divorces his wife “Anyone who divorces his wife” or “Any man who divorces his wife” LUK 16 18 i544 μοιχεύει 1 commits adultery “is guilty of adultery” LUK 16 18 sq24 ὁ ἀπολελυμένην…γαμῶν 1 he who marries one who is divorced “any man who marries a woman” LUK 16 19 yqm2 writing-background 0 General Information: These verses give background information about the story Jesus begins to tell about the rich man and Lazarus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 16 19 er6u 0 Connecting Statement: As Jesus continues teaching the people he begins to tell a story. It is about a rich man and Lazarus. LUK 16 19 kd1x δέ 1 Now This marks a shift in Jesus’ speech as he begins to tell a story that will help people understand what he was teaching them. LUK 16 19 r67p writing-participants ἄνθρωπος…τις…πλούσιος 1 a certain rich man This phrase introduces a person in Jesus’ story. It is not clear if this is a real person or if it is simply a person in a story that Jesus tells in order to make a point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 16 19 fu76 ἐνεδιδύσκετο πορφύραν καὶ βύσσον 1 he was clothed in purple and fine linen “who wore clothing made with fine linen and purple dye” or “who wore very expensive clothes.” Purple dye and fine linen cloth were very expensive. LUK 16 19 sz7t εὐφραινόμενος καθ’ ἡμέραν λαμπρῶς 1 celebrating every day in splendor “enjoyed eating expensive food every day” or “spent much money and bought whatever he desired” LUK 16 20 s11m figs-activepassive πτωχὸς…τις ὀνόματι Λάζαρος, ἐβέβλητο πρὸς τὸν πυλῶνα αὐτοῦ 1 a certain poor man named Lazarus was laid at his gate This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People had laid a certain beggar named Lazarus at his gate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 16 20 mmw2 writing-participants πτωχὸς…τις ὀνόματι Λάζαρος 1 a certain poor man named Lazarus This phrase introduces another person in Jesus’ story. It is not clear if this is a real person or simply a person in a story that Jesus tells in order to make a point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 16 20 ax4v πρὸς τὸν πυλῶνα αὐτοῦ 1 at his gate “at the gate to the rich man’s house” or “at the entrance to the rich man’s property” LUK 16 20 ex57 εἱλκωμένος 1 covered with sores “with sores all over his body” LUK 16 21 i2fn ἐπιθυμῶν χορτασθῆναι ἀπὸ τῶν πιπτόντων 1 longing to eat from what was falling “wishing he could eat the scraps of food that fell” LUK 16 21 vnk5 καὶ οἱ κύνες ἐρχόμενοι 1 Even the dogs were coming The word “Even” here shows that what follows is worse than what has already been told about Lazarus. Alternate translation: “In addition to that, the dogs came” or “Worse yet, the dogs came” LUK 16 21 xby9 οἱ κύνες 1 the dogs The Jews considered dogs to be unclean animals. Lazarus was too sick and weak to stop the dogs from licking his wounds. LUK 16 22 y7pb writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 Now it came about that This phrase is used here to mark an event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 16 22 hrm6 figs-activepassive ἀπενεχθῆναι…ὑπὸ τῶν ἀγγέλων 1 was carried away by the angels This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the angels carried him away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 16 22 r2k1 figs-explicit εἰς τὸν κόλπον Ἀβραάμ 1 to Abraham’s side This implies that Abraham and Lazarus were reclining next to each other at a feast, in the Greek style of feasting. The joy in heaven is often represented in the scriptures by the idea of a feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 16 22 hn6v figs-activepassive ἐτάφη 1 was buried This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 16 23 qpd2 figs-explicit ἐν τοῖς κόλποις αὐτοῦ 1 at his side This implies that Abraham and Lazarus were reclining next to each other at a feast, in the Greek style of feasting. The joy in heaven is often represented in the scriptures by the idea of a feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 16 23 vca4 ἐν τῷ ᾍδῃ…ὑπάρχων ἐν βασάνοις 1 in Hades, being in torment “he went to Hades, where, suffering in terrible pain” LUK 16 23 tl8x figs-idiom ἐπάρας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ 1 he lifted up his eyes This idiom means “he looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 16 24 dpp9 αὐτὸς φωνήσας εἶπεν 1 he cried out and said “the rich man called out to say” or “he shouted out to Abraham” LUK 16 24 m95a Πάτερ Ἀβραάμ 1 Father Abraham Abraham was the ancestor of all the Jews, including the rich man. LUK 16 24 b2rc ἐλέησόν με 1 have mercy on me “please have pity on me” or “please be merciful to me” LUK 16 24 ly9k καὶ πέμψον Λάζαρον 1 and send Lazarus “by sending Lazarus” or “and tell Lazarus to come to me” LUK 16 24 rc6p βάψῃ τὸ ἄκρον τοῦ δακτύλου αὐτοῦ 1 he may dip the tip of his finger This indicates the smallness of the amount requested. Alternate translation: “he may wet the tip of his finger” LUK 16 24 qix8 ὀδυνῶμαι ἐν τῇ φλογὶ ταύτῃ 1 I am in anguish in this flame “I am in terrible pain in this flame” or “I am suffering terribly in this fire” LUK 16 25 v4lu τέκνον 1 Child The rich man was one of Abraham’s descendants. LUK 16 25 we9w τὰ ἀγαθά 1 good things “fine things” or “pleasant things” LUK 16 25 hwc8 ὁμοίως τὰ κακά 1 in like manner evil things “in like manner received evil things” or “in like manner received things that caused him to suffer” LUK 16 25 rv17 ὁμοίως 1 in like manner This refers the fact that they both received something while they lived on earth. It is not saying that what they received was the same. Alternate translation: “while he was living received” LUK 16 25 g4js ὧδε παρακαλεῖται 1 he is comforted here “he is comfortable here” or “he is happy here” LUK 16 25 cn8i ὀδυνᾶσαι 1 are in agony “suffering” LUK 16 26 af4h καὶ ἐν πᾶσι τούτοις 1 Besides all these things “In addition to this reason” LUK 16 26 tu5w figs-activepassive χάσμα μέγα ἐστήρικται 1 a great chasm has been put in place This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has placed a huge ravine between you and us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 16 26 g1qn χάσμα μέγα 1 a great chasm “a steep, deep and wide valley” or “a big separation” or “a huge ravine” LUK 16 26 sg6d οἱ θέλοντες διαβῆναι…μὴ δύνωνται 1 those who want to cross over…are not able “those people who want to cross over the chasm…cannot” or “if anyone wants to cross over…he cannot” LUK 16 28 x8xk ὅπως διαμαρτύρηται αὐτοῖς 1 in order that he might warn them “so that Lazarus may warn them” LUK 16 28 y1xn τὸν τόπον τοῦτον τῆς βασάνου 1 this place of torment “this place where we suffer torment” or “this place where we suffer terrible pain” LUK 16 29 n73e 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes telling the story about the rich man and Lazarus. LUK 16 29 v8eh figs-explicit ἔχουσι Μωϋσέα καὶ τοὺς προφήτας 1 They have Moses and the prophets It is implied that Abraham refused to send Lazarus to the rich man’s brothers. This could be stated. Alternate translation: “No, I will not do that, because your brothers have what Moses and the prophets wrote long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 16 29 x8pt figs-metonymy Μωϋσέα καὶ τοὺς προφήτας 1 Moses and the prophets This refers to their writings. Alternate translation: “what Moses and the prophets wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 16 29 l3in ἀκουσάτωσαν αὐτῶν 1 let them listen to them “your brothers should pay attention to Moses and the prophets” LUK 16 30 d84a figs-hypo ἐάν τις ἀπὸ νεκρῶν πορευθῇ πρὸς αὐτοὺς 1 if someone would go to them from the dead This describes a situation that has not happened, but that the rich man would like to happen. Alternate translation: “if a person who has died would go to them” or “if someone who has died would go and warn them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) LUK 16 30 r3ez ἀπὸ νεκρῶν 1 from the dead From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. LUK 16 31 xkr7 figs-metonymy εἰ Μωϋσέως καὶ τῶν προφητῶν οὐκ ἀκούουσιν 1 If they do not listen to Moses and the prophets Here “Moses and the prophets” represent the things that they wrote. Alternate translation: “If they do not pay attention to what Moses and the prophets wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 16 31 n9s4 figs-hypo οὐδ’ ἐάν τις ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῇ, πεισθήσονται 1 neither will they be persuaded if someone would rise from the dead Abraham states what would happen if the hypothetical situation occurred. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “neither will a person who comes back from the dead be able to convince them” or “they will not believe even if a person comes back from the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 16 31 gf1b ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῇ 1 would rise from the dead The words “from the dead” speak of all dead people together in the underworld. To rise from among them is to become alive again. LUK 17 intro c4am 0 # Luke 17 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Old Testament Examples<br><br>Jesus used the lives of Noah and of Lot to teach his followers. Noah was ready for the flood when it came, and they needed to be ready for him to return, because he would not warn them when he came. Lot’s wife loved the evil city she had been living in so much that God also punished her when he destroyed it, and they needed to love Jesus more than anything else,<br><br>Those who read your translation may need help so they can understand what Jesus was teaching here.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Hypothetical situations<br><br>Hypothetical situations are situations that have not actually happened. Jesus used a special type of hypothetical situation to teach that what will happen to those who cause others to sin will be worse than being drowned ([Luke 19:1-2](./01.md)) and another to scold the disciples because they had little faith ([Luke 19:6](../../luk/19/06.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br><br>Jesus asked his disciples three questions ([Luke 17:7-9](./07.md)) to teach them that even those who serve him well are righteous only because of his grace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Son of Man”<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([Luke 17:22](../../luk/17/22.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. A paradox occurs in this chapter: “Whoever seeks to gain his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life will save it” ([Luke 17:33](../../luk/17/33.md)).<br> LUK 17 1 ls87 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues teaching, but he directs his attention back to his disciples. This is still the same part of the story and the same day that began in [Luke 15:3](../15/03.md). LUK 17 1 ej1e ἀνένδεκτόν ἐστιν τοῦ τὰ σκάνδαλα μὴ ἐλθεῖν 1 It is impossible for the stumblingblocks not to come “Things that tempt people to sin will certainly happen” LUK 17 1 zck5 οὐαὶ δι’ οὗ ἔρχεται! 1 woe to the one through whom they come! “to anyone who causes the temptations to come” or “to any person who causes people to be tempted” LUK 17 2 dvz5 figs-explicit λυσιτελεῖ αὐτῷ εἰ λίθος μυλικὸς περίκειται περὶ τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔρριπται εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, ἢ ἵνα σκανδαλίσῃ τῶν μικρῶν τούτων ἕνα 1 It would be better for him if a millstone were put around his neck and he were thrown into the sea than that he should cause one of these little ones to stumble. You may need to make explicit that it is the punishment for causing people to sin that Jesus is comparing to being thrown into the sea. Alternate translation: “I will not punish him a little by putting a millstone around his neck and throwing him into the sea. Instead, I will punish him much. This is because he has caused one of these little ones to stumble.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 17 2 bf3k figs-hypo λυσιτελεῖ αὐτῷ εἰ 1 It would be better for him if This introduces a hypothetical situation. It means that this person’s punishment for causing people to sin will be worse than if they had drowned in the sea. No one has put a stone around his neck, and Jesus is not saying that anyone will do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) LUK 17 2 uk6e figs-activepassive λίθος μυλικὸς περίκειται περὶ τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔρριπται 1 a millstone were put around his neck and he were thrown This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if they were to put a millstone around his neck and throw him” or “if someone were to put a heavy stone around his neck and push him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 17 2 uj1r figs-gendernotations αὐτῷ…τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ…ἔρριπται…σκανδαλίσῃ 1 for him…his neck…he were thrown…he should cause to stumble These words can refer to anyone, to women as well as to men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) LUK 17 2 gr89 λίθος μυλικὸς 1 a millstone This is a very large, heavy circular stone used for grinding wheat grain into flour. Alternate translation: “a heavy stone” LUK 17 2 xm7x τῶν μικρῶν τούτων 1 these little ones This here refers to people whose faith is still weak. Alternate translation: “these people whose faith is small” LUK 17 2 k9xl σκανδαλίσῃ 1 he should cause to stumble This was a way of referring to unintentional sin. Alternate translation: “to sin” LUK 17 3 hyn8 ἐὰν ἁμάρτῃ ὁ ἀδελφός σου 1 If your brother sins This is a conditional statement that talks about an event that will probably happen in the future. LUK 17 3 kkp3 ὁ ἀδελφός σου 1 your brother “brother” is here used in the sense of someone with the same belief. Alternate translation: “a fellow believer” LUK 17 3 p35i ἐπιτίμησον αὐτῷ 1 rebuke him “tell him strongly that what he did was wrong” or “correct him” LUK 17 4 x8a3 figs-hypo καὶ ἐὰν ἑπτάκις…ἁμαρτήσῃ εἰς σὲ 1 If he sins against you seven times This is a hypothetical future situation. It may never happen, but even if it does, Jesus tells people to forgive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) LUK 17 4 k5va figs-explicit ἑπτάκις τῆς ἡμέρας…καὶ ἑπτάκις 1 seven times in the day, and seven times The number seven in the Bible is a symbol for completeness. Alternate translation: “many times in a day, and each time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 17 5 s4dy 0 General Information: There is a brief break in Jesus’ teachings as the disciples speak to him. Then Jesus continues teaching. LUK 17 5 pji3 πρόσθες ἡμῖν πίστιν 1 Increase our faith “Please give us more faith” or “Please add more faith to our faith” LUK 17 6 ep7z figs-simile εἰ ἔχετε πίστιν ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως, ἐλέγετε ἂν 1 If you had faith like a mustard seed, you would say A mustard seed is a very small seed. Jesus implies that they do not have even a small amount of faith. Alternate translation: “If you had faith that was even as small as a mustard seed, you” or “Your faith is not as big as a mustard seed—but if it were, you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 17 6 i31l translate-unknown συκαμίνῳ 1 mulberry tree If this type of tree is not familiar, it may be helpful to substitute another type of tree. Alternate translation: “fig tree” or “tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) LUK 17 6 ky7z figs-activepassive ἐκριζώθητι καὶ φυτεύθητι ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ 1 Be uprooted, and be planted in the sea These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Uproot yourself and plant yourself in the sea” or “Take your roots out of the ground, and put your roots down into the ocean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 17 6 g53n ὑπήκουσεν ἂν ὑμῖν 1 it would obey you “the tree would obey you.” This result is conditional. It would happen only if they had faith. LUK 17 7 dk3q figs-rquestion τίς δὲ ἐξ ὑμῶν…ἐρεῖ…ἀνάπεσε? 1 But which of you…will say…recline at table’? Jesus asks his disciples a question to help them think about the role of a servant. This could be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “But none of you who…sheep would say…sit down to eat.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 17 7 va34 δοῦλον…ἀροτριῶντα ἢ ποιμαίνοντα 1 a servant plowing or keeping sheep “a servant that plows your field or takes care of your sheep” LUK 17 8 iw9j figs-rquestion ἀλλ’ οὐχὶ ἐρεῖ αὐτῷ…φάγεσαι καὶ πίεσαι σύ? 1 Instead, will he not say to him…you will eat and drink’? Jesus uses a second question explain how the disciples would actually treat a servant. This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “He will certainly say to him…eat and drink’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 17 8 kr7u figs-explicit περιζωσάμενος διακόνει μοι 1 put a belt around your clothes and serve me “tie your clothes at your waist and serve me” or “dress up properly and take care of me.” People would tie their clothes closely around their waist so that their clothes would not get in their way while they worked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 17 8 ds77 καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα 1 and after these things “Then after you serve me” LUK 17 9 sby7 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes teaching. This is the end of this part of the story. LUK 17 9 jn5s figs-rquestion μὴ ἔχει χάριν τῷ δούλῳ…ἐποίησεν 1 He does not thank the servant…were commanded, does he? Jesus uses this question to show how people treat servants. This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “He would not thank the servant…commanded.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 17 9 a1fm figs-activepassive τὰ διαταχθέντα 1 the things that were commanded This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the things you commanded him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 17 9 qs51 μὴ ἔχει χάριν 1 does not…does he? “right?” or “is this not true?” LUK 17 10 kze9 figs-you καὶ ὑμεῖς 1 you also Jesus was speaking to his disciples, so languages that have a plural form of “you” would use it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 17 10 ub27 figs-activepassive τὰ διαταχθέντα ὑμῖν 1 the things that you were commanded This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that God has commanded you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 17 10 dga7 figs-hyperbole δοῦλοι ἀχρεῖοί ἐσμεν 1 We are unworthy servants This is an exaggeration to express that they did not do anything worthy of praise. Alternate translation: “We are ordinary slaves” or “We servants do not deserve your praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 17 11 zv5b writing-background 0 General Information: Jesus heals 10 men of leprosy. Verses 11 and 12 give background information and the setting of the event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 17 11 g442 writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 Now it came about that This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new event. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 17 11 f5rk ἐν τῷ πορεύεσθαι εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ 1 as he went up to Jerusalem “as Jesus and the disciples were traveling to Jerusalem” LUK 17 12 h924 τινα κώμην 1 a certain village This phrase does not identify the village. LUK 17 12 d9mg figs-activepassive ἀπήντησαν δέκα λεπροὶ ἄνδρες 1 ten men who were lepers met him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “ten men who were lepers met him” or “ten men who had leprosy met him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 17 12 i1sc figs-explicit οἳ ἔστησαν πόρρωθεν 1 They stood far away from him This was a respectful gesture, because lepers were not allowed to approach other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 17 13 l1j4 figs-idiom αὐτοὶ ἦραν φωνὴν 1 they lifted up their voices The idiom “to lift up one’s voice” means to speak loudly. Alternate translation: “they called with loud voices” or “they called aloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 17 13 fsn5 figs-explicit ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς 1 have mercy on us They were specifically asking to be healed. Alternate translation: “please show us mercy by healing us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 17 14 mrx8 figs-explicit ἐπιδείξατε ἑαυτοὺς τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν 1 show yourselves to the priests Lepers were required to have the priests verify that their leprosy was healed. Alternate translation: “show yourselves to the priests so they can examine you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 17 14 jpk2 figs-explicit ἐκαθαρίσθησαν 1 they were cleansed When people were healed, they were no longer ceremonially unclean. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “they were healed of their leprosy and so became clean” or “they were cured of their leprosy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 17 15 tdt1 ἰδὼν ὅτι ἰάθη 1 seeing that he was healed “realized that he was healed” or “realized that Jesus had healed him” LUK 17 15 x5ja ὑπέστρεψεν 1 turned back “he went back to Jesus” LUK 17 15 pe1z μετὰ φωνῆς μεγάλης δοξάζων τὸν Θεόν 1 with a loud voice glorifying God “and glorified God loudly” LUK 17 16 ca9n translate-symaction καὶ ἔπεσεν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον παρὰ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ 1 He fell on his face at the feet of Jesus “he knelt down and put his face close to Jesus’ feet.” He did this to honor Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) LUK 17 17 i6cu 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of the part of the story about Jesus healing the 10 lepers. LUK 17 17 hfa2 figs-explicit ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν 1 Then Jesus answered and said Jesus responded to what the man did, but he was speaking to the group of people around him. Alternate translation: “So Jesus said to the crowd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 17 17 cvb2 figs-rquestion οὐχὶ οἱ δέκα ἐκαθαρίσθησαν? 1 Were not the ten cleansed? This is the first of three rhetorical questions. Jesus used them to show the people around him how surprised and disappointed he was that only one of the ten men came back to glorify God. Alternate translation: “Ten men were healed.” or “God healed ten men.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 17 17 w8y3 figs-rquestion οἱ δὲ ἐννέα ποῦ? 1 But where are the nine? “Why did not the other nine come back?” This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “The other nine men should have come back, too.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 17 18 rxh9 figs-rquestion οὐχ εὑρέθησαν ὑποστρέψαντες δοῦναι δόξαν τῷ Θεῷ, εἰ μὴ ὁ ἀλλογενὴς οὗτος? 1 Were there no others who returned to give glory to God, except this foreigner? This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “No one but this foreigner came back to give glory to God!” or “God healed ten men, yet only this foreigner came back to give glory to God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 17 18 x64q ὁ ἀλλογενὴς οὗτος 1 this foreigner Samaritans had non-Jewish ancestors and they did not worship God in the same way that the Jews did. LUK 17 19 n2ce figs-abstractnouns ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε 1 Your faith has made you well “Because of your faith you have become well.” The idea of “faith” can be expressed with the verb “believe.” Alternate translation: “Because you believe, you are well again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LUK 17 20 v1jb 0 General Information: We do not know where this event takes place; it simply happens one day when Jesus is talking with the Pharisees. LUK 17 20 lvu1 writing-newevent ἐπερωτηθεὶς δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν Φαρισαίων πότε ἔρχεται ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Now being asked by the Pharisees when the kingdom of God would come, This is the beginning of a new event. Some translations start it with “One day” or “Once.” It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “One day the Pharisees asked Jesus, ‘When will the kingdom of God come?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) LUK 17 20 yc3i figs-explicit οὐκ ἔρχεται ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ μετὰ παρατηρήσεως 1 The kingdom of God does not come with careful observing People thought that they would be able to see signs of the kingdom coming. The idea of signs can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The kingdom of God does not come with signs that people can observe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 17 21 xpi7 figs-abstractnouns ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐντὸς ὑμῶν ἐστιν 1 the kingdom of God is in the midst of you The idea of the noun “kingdom” can be expressed with the verb “rules.” Alternate translation: “God rules within you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LUK 17 21 xj7z ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐντὸς ὑμῶν ἐστιν 1 the kingdom of God is in the midst of you Jesus was speaking to the religious leaders who were hostile to him. Possible meanings are 1) the word “you” refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of God is within people” or 2) the word translated “within” means “among.” Alternate translation: “the kingdom of God is among you” LUK 17 22 e8uu 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins to teach his disciples. LUK 17 22 x3y2 figs-metaphor ἐλεύσονται ἡμέραι ὅτε 1 The days will come when The idea of days coming represents something being soon. Alternate translation: “A time is coming when” or “Soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 17 22 v2i3 ἐπιθυμήσετε…ἰδεῖν 1 you will desire to see “you will want very much to see” or “you will wish to experience” LUK 17 22 ly8x figs-explicit μίαν τῶν ἡμερῶν τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 one of the days of the Son of Man This refers to the kingdom of God. Alternate translation: “one of the days when the Son of Man will rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 17 22 z11c figs-123person τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus is speaking about himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 17 22 x7sq καὶ οὐκ ὄψεσθε 1 but you will not see it “you will not experience it” LUK 17 23 dp8g figs-explicit ἰδοὺ, ἐκεῖ, ἤ, ἰδοὺ, ὧδε 1 ‘Look, there!’ or’Look, here!’ This refers to seeking the Messiah. Alternate translation: “Look, the Messiah is over there! He is over here!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 17 23 kjy2 figs-explicit μὴ ἀπέλθητε μηδὲ διώξητε 1 do not go out or run after them The purpose of going out can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “do not go with them to look” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 17 24 i5rz figs-simile ὥσπερ γὰρ ἡ ἀστραπὴ ἀστράπτουσα…λάμπει 1 for as the flashing lightning shines The coming of the Son of Man will be clear and sudden, like the appearance of lightning. Alternate translation: “for as the lightning is visible to everyone when it appears and” or “for as the lightning appears suddenly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) LUK 17 24 h9tv figs-explicit οὕτως ἔσται ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 so will the Son of Man be This refers to the future kingdom of God. Alternate translation: “it will be like that on the day when the Son of Man comes to reign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 17 25 csa3 figs-123person πρῶτον δὲ δεῖ αὐτὸν…παθεῖν 1 But first he must suffer “But first the Son of Man must suffer.” Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 17 25 dp8a figs-activepassive ἀποδοκιμασθῆναι ἀπὸ τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης 1 be rejected by this generation This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people of this generation must reject him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 17 26 d2ne καὶ καθὼς ἐγένετο…οὕτως ἔσται καὶ 1 As it happened…even so will it also happen “As people were doing things…even so people will be doing the same things” LUK 17 26 v1sr ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Νῶε 1 in the days of Noah The “days of Noah” refers to the time during Noah’s life just before God punished the people of the world. Alternate translation: “when Noah was living” LUK 17 26 ktl1 ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 in the days of the Son of Man The “days of the Son of Man” refers to the period just before the Son of Man will come. Alternate translation: “when the Son of Man is about to come” LUK 17 27 eu24 ἤσθιον, ἔπινον, ἐγάμουν, ἐγαμίζοντο 1 They were eating, they were drinking, they were marrying, they were giving in marriage People were doing ordinary things. They did not know or care that God was about to judge them. LUK 17 27 uh5k figs-activepassive ἐγαμίζοντο 1 they were giving in marriage This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “parents were allowing their daughters to marry men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 17 27 hb8s τὴν κιβωτόν 1 the ark “the ship” or “the barge” LUK 17 27 qt8b ἀπώλεσεν πάντας 1 destroyed them all This does not include Noah and his family who were in the ark. Alternate translation: “destroyed all those who were not in the boat” LUK 17 28 u93v ἤσθιον, ἔπινον 1 They were eating, they were drinking “the people of Sodom were eating and drinking” LUK 17 29 gp77 ἔβρεξεν πῦρ καὶ θεῖον ἀπ’ οὐρανοῦ 1 it rained fire and sulfur from heaven “fire and burning sulfur fell from the sky like rain” LUK 17 29 skp4 ἀπώλεσεν πάντας 1 destroyed them all This does not include Lot and his family. Alternate translation: “destroyed all those who stayed in the city” LUK 17 30 w3uh figs-explicit κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἔσται 1 It will be according to the same manner “It will be like that.” Alternate translation: “In the same way people will not be ready” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 17 30 v9ki figs-activepassive ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ, ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ἀποκαλύπτεται 1 in the day that the Son of Man is revealed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the Son of Man appears” or “when the Son of man comes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 17 30 pfe1 figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ἀποκαλύπτεται 1 the Son of Man is revealed Jesus is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man, am revealed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 17 31 i9eq ὃς ἔσται ἐπὶ τοῦ δώματος…μὴ καταβάτω 1 the one who is on the housetop…do not let him go down “whoever is on the housetop must not go down” or “if anyone is on his housetop, he must not go down” LUK 17 31 ep81 ἐπὶ τοῦ δώματος 1 on the housetop Their housetops were flat and people could walk or sit on them. LUK 17 31 jj9c τὰ σκεύη αὐτοῦ 1 his goods “his possessions” or “his things” LUK 17 31 suh5 figs-explicit ἐπιστρεψάτω εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω 1 let him turn back They were not to go back to the house to get anything. They were to flee quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 17 32 fz8m figs-ellipsis μνημονεύετε τῆς γυναικὸς Λώτ 1 Remember Lot’s wife “Remember what happened to Lot’s wife” This is a warning. She looked back toward Sodom and God punished her along with the people of Sodom. Alternate translation: “Do not do what Lot’s wife did”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 17 33 d9fl ὃς ἐὰν ζητήσῃ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ περιποιήσασθαι, ἀπολέσει αὐτήν 1 Whoever seeks to gain his life will lose it “People who try save their lives will lose them” or “Whoever tries to save his old way of life will lose his life” LUK 17 33 kvw6 ὃς δ’ ἂν ἀπολέσει, ζῳογονήσει αὐτήν 1 but whoever loses it will save it “but people who lose their lives will save them” or “but whoever abandons his old way of life will save his life” LUK 17 34 p84l λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I tell you As Jesus continues to address his disciples, he emphasizes the importance of what he is telling them. LUK 17 34 j3b6 ταύτῃ τῇ νυκτὶ 1 in that night This refers to what will happen if he, the Son of Man, comes during the night. LUK 17 34 c8ba ἔσονται δύο ἐπὶ κλίνης μιᾶς 1 there will be two people in one bed The emphasis is not on these two people, but on the fact that some people will be taken away and the others will be left. LUK 17 34 at99 κλίνης 1 bed “couch” or “cot” LUK 17 34 e9hj figs-activepassive ὁ εἷς παραλημφθήσεται, καὶ ὁ ἕτερος ἀφεθήσεται 1 One will be taken, and the other will be left “One person will be taken and the other person will be left behind.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will take one person and leave the other” or “Angels will take one and leave behind the other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 17 35 il9v ἔσονται δύο ἀλήθουσαι ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό 1 There will be two women grinding at the same place The emphasis is not on these two women or their activity, but on the fact that some people will be taken away and the others will be left. LUK 17 35 t4zn ἀλήθουσαι ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό 1 grinding together “grinding grain together” LUK 17 37 c54n 0 General Information: The disciples ask Jesus a question about his teaching and he answers them. LUK 17 37 wmg6 ποῦ, Κύριε? 1 Where, Lord? “Lord, where will this happen?” LUK 17 37 fen1 writing-proverbs ὅπου τὸ σῶμα, ἐκεῖ καὶ οἱ ἀετοὶ ἐπισυναχθήσονται 1 Where the body is, there also the vultures will be gathered together Apparently this is a proverb that means “It will be obvious” or “You will know it when it happens.” Alternate translation: “As vultures gathering shows that there is a dead body, so these things show that the Son of Man is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) LUK 17 37 m6ca translate-unknown οἱ ἀετοὶ 1 the vultures Vultures are large birds that fly together and eat the flesh of dead animals that they find. You could describe these birds this way or use the word for local birds that do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) LUK 18 intro v92v 0 # Luke 18 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Jesus told two parables ([Luke 18:1-8](./01.md) and [Luke 18:9-14](./09.md)) and then taught that his followers were to be humble ([Luke 18:15-17](./15.md)), to use everything they owned to help the poor ([Luke 18:18-30](./18.md)), and to expect him to die soon ([Luke 18:31-34](./31.md)), Then they all began to walk to Jerusalem, and Jesus healed a blind man ([Luke 18:35-43](./35.md)).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Judges<br><br>People expected judges always to do what God said was right and to make sure that other people did what was right. But some judges did not care about doing right or making sure others did right. Jesus called this kind of judge unjust. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>### Pharisees and tax collectors<br><br>The Pharisees thought that they themselves were the best examples of righteous good people, and they thought that tax collectors were the most unrighteous sinners. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Son of Man”<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([Luke 18:8](../../luk/18/08.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br> LUK 18 1 r26t figs-parables 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins to tell a parable as he continues to teach his disciples. This is the same part of the story that began in [Luke 17:20](../17/20.md). Verse 1 gives us a description of the parable Jesus is about to tell. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) LUK 18 1 w7ar ἔλεγεν δὲ 1 Then he spoke “Then Jesus” LUK 18 2 l2qr λέγων 1 saying A new sentence could begin here: “He said” LUK 18 2 ph5w writing-intro τινι πόλει 1 a certain city Here “certain city” is a way to let the listener know that the narrative that follows takes place in a city, but the name of the city itself is not important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-intro]]) LUK 18 2 d77j ἄνθρωπον μὴ ἐντρεπόμενος 1 did not respect people “did not care about other people” LUK 18 3 ie2v writing-participants χήρα δὲ ἦν 1 Now there was a widow Jesus uses this phrase to introduce a new character to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 18 3 jhk6 χήρα 1 a widow A widow is a woman whose husband has died and who has not remarried. Jesus’ hearers would have thought of her as a person who had no one to protect her from those who wanted to harm her. LUK 18 3 xfg3 ἤρχετο πρὸς αὐτὸν 1 she came often to him The word “him” refers to the judge. LUK 18 3 kj2l ἐκδίκησόν με ἀπὸ 1 Give justice to me against “Give me a just ruling against” LUK 18 3 xc7k τοῦ ἀντιδίκου μου 1 my opponent “my enemy” or “the person who is trying to harm me.” This is an opponent in a lawsuit. It is not clear whether the widow is suing the man or the man is suing the widow. LUK 18 4 bh3q figs-gendernotations ἄνθρωπον 1 man This refers here to “people” in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) LUK 18 5 v9uu παρέχειν μοι κόπον 1 causes me trouble “bothers me” LUK 18 5 cf4e ὑπωπιάζῃ με 1 she will wear me out “exhaust me” LUK 18 5 ub29 εἰς τέλος ἐρχομένη 1 by continually coming “by continually coming to me” LUK 18 6 ku2r 0 General Information: Jesus has finished telling his parable and is now commenting about it to his disciples. LUK 18 6 die9 0 Connecting Statement: These verses should be seen as an explanation of the parable in [Luke 18:1-5](../18/01.md). LUK 18 6 t9mg ἀκούσατε τί ὁ κριτὴς τῆς ἀδικίας λέγει 1 Listen to what the unjust judge says “Think about what the unjust judge just said.” Translate this in a way that people will understand that Jesus has already told what the judge said. LUK 18 7 qd49 δὲ 1 Now This word indicates that Jesus has ended the parable and has started explaining its meaning. LUK 18 7 t1sk figs-rquestion ὁ…Θεὸς οὐ μὴ ποιήσῃ…νυκτός 1 will not God also bring about…night? Jesus uses a question to teach the disciples. This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “God will also certainly…night!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 18 7 e2lv τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν αὐτοῦ 1 for his elect “the people he has chosen” LUK 18 7 ljb4 figs-rquestion μακροθυμεῖ ἐπ’ αὐτοῖς? 1 Will he delay long over them? Jesus uses a question to teach the disciples. This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “He will certainly not delay long over them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 18 8 zi1f figs-rquestion ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ἐλθὼν, ἆρα εὑρήσει τὴν πίστιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς? 1 when the Son of Man comes, will he indeed find faith on the earth? Jesus asks this question so that his hearers will stop thinking that God is slow to help those who call to him for justice and will understand that the real problem is that they do not truly have faith in God. Alternate translation: “when the Son of Man comes, you need to be sure that he will find that you truly have faith in him.” or “when the Son of Man comes, he will find few on earth who believe.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 18 8 inw3 figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ἐλθὼν, ἆρα εὑρήσει 1 the Son of Man comes, will he indeed find Jesus is referring to himself. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man come, will I indeed find” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 18 9 n2b5 figs-parables 0 General Information: Jesus begins to tell another parable to some other people who were persuaded that they themselves were righteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) LUK 18 9 kd34 εἶπεν δὲ 1 Then he spoke “Then Jesus” LUK 18 9 pmp1 πρός τινας 1 to some “to some people” LUK 18 9 b6zy τοὺς πεποιθότας ἐφ’ ἑαυτοῖς, ὅτι εἰσὶν δίκαιοι 1 who were persuaded in themselves that they were righteous “who had convinced themselves that they were righteous” or “who thought they were righteous” LUK 18 9 rs6q ἐξουθενοῦντας 1 who despised strongly disliked or hated LUK 18 10 qp39 εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν 1 into the temple “into the temple courtyard” LUK 18 11 mi9g ὁ Φαρισαῖος σταθεὶς ταῦτα πρὸς ἑαυτὸν προσηύχετο 1 The Pharisee stood and was praying this to himself The meaning of the Greek text of this phrase is not clear. Possible meanings are 1) “The Pharisee stood and prayed about himself in this way” or 2) “The Pharisee stood by himself and prayed.” LUK 18 11 lud3 ἅρπαγες 1 robbers Robbers are people who steal from other people by forcing the other people to give things to them, or by threatening to harm them if they refuse to give what the robbers ask for. LUK 18 11 z78w figs-explicit ἢ καὶ ὡς οὗτος ὁ τελώνης 1 or even like this tax collector The Pharisees believed that tax collectors were as sinful as robbers, unrighteous people, and adulterers. This could be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and I am certainly not like this sinful tax collector who cheats people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 18 12 ru63 πάντα, ὅσα κτῶμαι 1 of all that I get “everything I earn” LUK 18 13 c2wf 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus has finished telling his parable. In verse 14, he comments about what the parable teaches. LUK 18 13 c37t μακρόθεν ἑστὼς 1 standing at a distance “stood away from the Pharisee.” This was a sign of humility. He did not feel worthy to be near the Pharisee. LUK 18 13 qtt7 figs-idiom τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἐπᾶραι εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν 1 lift up his eyes to heaven To “lift up his eyes” means to look at something. Alternate translation: “look toward heaven” or “look upward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 18 13 c7x7 translate-symaction ἔτυπτε τὸ στῆθος αὐτοῦ 1 was beating his breast This is a physical expression of great sorrow, and shows this man’s repentance and humility. Alternate translation: “hit his breast to show his sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) LUK 18 13 mx5p ὁ Θεός, ἱλάσθητί μοι, τῷ ἁμαρτωλῷ 1 God, have mercy on me, the sinner “God, please be merciful to me. I am a sinner” or “God, please have mercy on me even though I have committed many sins” LUK 18 14 s1yr figs-explicit κατέβη οὗτος δεδικαιωμένος εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ 1 this man went back down to his house justified He was justified because God forgave his sin. Alternate translation: “God forgave the tax collector” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 18 14 qrg3 figs-explicit παρ’ ἐκεῖνον 1 rather than the other “rather than the other man” or “and not the other man.” Alternate translation: “but God did not forgive the Pharisee” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 18 14 k9xf ὅτι πᾶς ὁ ὑψῶν ἑαυτὸν 1 because everyone who exalts himself With this phrase, Jesus switches from the story to state the general principle that the story illustrates. LUK 18 14 n7xr figs-activepassive ταπεινωθήσεται 1 will be humbled This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 18 14 uuc5 figs-activepassive ὑψωθήσεται 1 will be exalted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will greatly honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 18 15 udh7 0 Connecting Statement: This is the next event in the part of the story which began in [Luke 17:20](../17/20.md). Jesus welcomes the children and talks about them. LUK 18 15 fuj3 αὐτῶν ἅπτηται…δὲ 1 might touch them, but This could also be translated as separate sentences: “touch them. But” LUK 18 15 kxd9 ἐπετίμων αὐτοῖς 1 they were rebuking them “the disciples tried to stop the parents from bringing their children to Jesus” LUK 18 16 y3qg ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς προσεκαλέσατο αὐτὰ 1 But Jesus called them to him “Jesus told the people to bring their infants to him” LUK 18 16 j8x3 figs-parallelism ἄφετε τὰ παιδία ἔρχεσθαι πρός με, καὶ μὴ κωλύετε αὐτά 1 Permit the little children to come to me, and do not forbid them These two sentences have similar meaning and they are combined for emphasis. Some languages emphasize in a different way. Alternate translation: “You must certainly allow the children to come to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) LUK 18 16 u7sq figs-simile τῶν γὰρ τοιούτων ἐστὶν 1 For…belongs to such ones This could be stated as a simile. Alternate translation: “belongs to people who are like these little children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) LUK 18 17 p5lq ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Truly I say to you “Surely I say to you.” Jesus used this expression to emphasize the importance of what he was about to say. LUK 18 17 ar8e figs-simile ὃς ἂν μὴ δέξηται τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ ὡς παιδίον, οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθῃ εἰς αὐτήν 1 whoever will not receive the kingdom of God like a child will definitely not enter into it God requires people to accept his rule over them with trust and humility. Alternate translation: “whoever wants to enter God’s kingdom must receive it with trust and humility like a child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) LUK 18 18 f96l 0 Connecting Statement: This is the next event in the part of the story which began in [Luke 17:20](../17/20.md). Jesus begins to talk with a ruler about entering the kingdom of heaven. LUK 18 18 a5qz writing-participants τις…ἄρχων 1 a certain ruler This introduces a new character in the story. It only identifies him by his position. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 18 18 d6kf τί ποιήσας 1 what must I do “what do I need to do” or “what is required of me” LUK 18 18 xrs8 figs-metaphor ζωὴν αἰώνιον κληρονομήσω 1 inherit eternal life “receive life that does not end.” The term “inherit” usually refers to the property that a man left to his children when he dies. Therefore, this metaphor may mean he understood himself to be a child of God and desired for God to give him eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 18 19 fxi2 figs-rquestion τί με λέγεις ἀγαθόν? οὐδεὶς ἀγαθὸς, εἰ μὴ εἷς ὁ Θεός 1 Why do you call me good? No one is good, except God alone Jesus asks the question because he knows that the ruler will not like Jesus’ answer to the ruler’s question in verse 18. Jesus does not expect the ruler to answer Jesus’ question. Jesus wants the ruler to understand that Jesus’ answer to the ruler’s question comes from God, who alone is good. Alternate translation: “You know that no one is good, except God alone, so to call me good is to compare me with God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 18 20 a9te μὴ φονεύσῃς 1 do not kill “do not murder” LUK 18 21 m5qf ταῦτα πάντα 1 All these things “All of these commandments” LUK 18 22 e8il ἀκούσας δὲ, ὁ Ἰησοῦς 1 When Jesus heard that “When Jesus heard the man say that” LUK 18 22 hzv4 εἶπεν αὐτῷ 1 he said to him “he answered him” LUK 18 22 t2cw ἔτι ἕν σοι λείπει 1 One thing you still lack “You still need to do one more thing” or “There is one thing that you have not yet done” LUK 18 22 d3ar πάντα ὅσα ἔχεις, πώλησον 1 You must sell all that you have “sell all your possessions” or “sell everything that you own” LUK 18 22 c4s5 διάδος πτωχοῖς 1 distribute it to the poor “give away the money to the poor people” LUK 18 22 hy6a δεῦρο, ἀκολούθει μοι 1 come, follow me “come with me as my disciple” LUK 18 24 qcm7 figs-exclamations πῶς δυσκόλως…τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 How difficult it is…the kingdom of God! This is an exclamation, and not a question. Alternate translation: “It is so very hard…kingdom of God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) LUK 18 25 hdz1 figs-hyperbole κάμηλον διὰ τρήματος βελόνης εἰσελθεῖν 1 a camel to go through a needle’s eye It is impossible for a camel to fit through the eye of a needle. Jesus was probably using hyperbole to mean it is extremely difficult for a rich man to enter God’s kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 18 25 j7x3 τρήματος βελόνης 1 a needle’s eye The needle’s eye is the hole in a sewing needle through which the thread is passed. LUK 18 26 ycm3 οἱ ἀκούσαντες 1 those who heard it “The people who listening to Jesus said” LUK 18 26 vu3z figs-rquestion καὶ τίς δύναται σωθῆναι? 1 Then who can be saved? It is possible that they were asking for an answer. But it is more likely that they used the question to emphasize their surprise at what Jesus said. Alternate translation: “Then no one can be saved from sin!” or in active form: “Then God will not save anyone!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 18 27 ms9b τὰ ἀδύνατα παρὰ ἀνθρώποις, δυνατὰ παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ ἐστιν 1 The things which are impossible with people are possible with God “people cannot do are possible for God to do” or “people cannot do, God can do” LUK 18 28 j3dz 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of the conversation about entering the kingdom of heaven. LUK 18 28 znu6 ἰδοὺ, ἡμεῖς 1 Look, we This phrase refers only to the disciples, and contrasts them with the rich ruler. LUK 18 28 y53q ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν 1 we have left “we have given up” or “we have left behind” LUK 18 28 yk9b πάντα 1 everything “all our wealth” or “all our possessions” LUK 18 29 vz2w ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Truly, I say to you Jesus uses this expression to stress the importance of what he is about to say. LUK 18 29 sk6z οὐδείς ἐστιν ὃς 1 there is no one who This expression is intended to include not only the disciples, but also everyone else who has made the same sacrifices. LUK 18 30 s6rp figs-doublenegatives ὃς οὐχὶ μὴ ἀπολάβῃ 1 who will not receive This is the end of the sentence that begins with the words “there is no one who has left…kingdom of God” (verse 28). This could be stated in positive form. “everyone who has left…kingdom of God will receive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) LUK 18 30 d3xa ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τῷ ἐρχομένῳ, ζωὴν αἰώνιον 1 in the world to come, eternal life “also eternal life in the world to come” LUK 18 31 qqp5 0 Connecting Statement: This is the next event in this part of the story that began in [Luke 17:20](../17/20.md). Jesus is talking to his disciples alone. LUK 18 31 pwk9 παραλαβὼν δὲ τοὺς δώδεκα 1 Then having taken aside the twelve Jesus took the twelve disciples to a place away from other people where they could be alone. LUK 18 31 g4yx ἰδοὺ 1 See This indicates a significant change in the ministry of Jesus as he goes to Jerusalem for the final time. LUK 18 31 pg4k figs-activepassive τὰ γεγραμμένα διὰ τῶν προφητῶν 1 that have been written by the prophets This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the prophets have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 18 31 ss78 τῶν προφητῶν 1 the prophets This refers to the Old Testament prophets. LUK 18 31 zj2x figs-123person τῷ Υἱῷ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus speaks of himself as “the Son of Man.” Alternate translation: “me, the Son of Man,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 18 31 i5ya figs-activepassive τελεσθήσεται 1 will be accomplished This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will happen” or “will occur” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 18 32 h2a3 figs-activepassive παραδοθήσεται γὰρ τοῖς ἔθνεσιν 1 For he will be handed over to the Gentiles This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For the Jewish leaders will give him over to the Gentiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 18 32 es98 figs-123person παραδοθήσεται 1 he will be handed over Jesus speaks of himself as “the Son of Man.” Alternate translation: “I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 18 32 hc2k figs-activepassive ἐμπαιχθήσεται, καὶ ὑβρισθήσεται, καὶ ἐμπτυσθήσεται 1 will be mocked, and shamefully treated, and spit upon This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will mock him, treat him shamefully, and spit on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 18 33 u86r figs-123person αὐτόν…ἀναστήσεται 1 him…he will rise again Jesus speaks of himself as “the Son of Man.” Alternate translation: “me…me…I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 18 33 fie4 translate-ordinal τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ 1 on the third day This refers to the third day after his death. However, the disciples did not yet understand this, so it is best not to add this explanation when translating this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LUK 18 34 b8ug writing-endofstory 0 General Information: This verse is not part of the main story line, but rather a comment about this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) LUK 18 34 bm7h καὶ αὐτοὶ οὐδὲν τούτων συνῆκαν 1 But they understood none of these things “They did not understand any of these things” LUK 18 34 b29z τούτων 1 these things This refers to Jesus’ description of how he would suffer and die in Jerusalem, and that he would rise from the dead. LUK 18 34 fn58 figs-activepassive ἦν τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο κεκρυμμένον ἀπ’ αὐτῶν 1 this word was hidden from them This can be stated in active form, but it is not clear whether it is God or Jesus who hid the word from them. Alternate translation: “Jesus hid his message from them” or “God prevented them from understanding the meaning of what Jesus was telling them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 18 34 qx2n figs-activepassive τὰ λεγόμενα 1 the things that were spoken This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the things that Jesus said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 18 35 v8cd writing-background 0 General Information: Jesus heals a blind man as he approaches Jericho. These verses give background information and information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 18 35 w3sw writing-newevent ἐγένετο δὲ 1 Now it happened that This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 18 35 dyf9 writing-participants τυφλός τις ἐκάθητο 1 a certain blind man was sitting “there was a blind man sitting.” Here “certain” means only that the man is an important new participant to the story but Luke does not mention his name. He is a new participant in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 18 36 t35v ἀκούσας δὲ 1 Now hearing It may be helpful to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “When he heard” LUK 18 37 ckr3 ἀπήγγειλαν δὲ αὐτῷ 1 So they told him “People in the crowd told the blind man” LUK 18 37 ku9j Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος 1 Jesus of Nazareth Jesus came from the town of Nazareth, which was located in Galilee. LUK 18 37 l38f παρέρχεται 1 is passing by “was walking past him” LUK 18 38 u9ct καὶ 1 So This word marks an event that happened because of something else that happened first. In this case, the crowd had told the blind man that Jesus was walking by. LUK 18 38 yaj2 ἐβόησεν 1 he cried out “called out” or “shouted” LUK 18 38 ehf6 Υἱὲ Δαυείδ 1 Son of David Jesus was a descendant of David, Israel’s most important king. LUK 18 38 u69g ἐλέησόν με 1 have mercy on me “show me pity” or “show me compassion” LUK 18 39 nt5y οἱ προάγοντες 1 The ones who were walking ahead “The people who were walking at the front of the crowd” LUK 18 39 z7r6 σιγήσῃ 1 would be quiet “to be silent” or “not to shout” LUK 18 39 zug7 πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἔκραζεν 1 he kept crying out much more This could mean that he cried out louder or that he cried out more persistently. LUK 18 40 g96a figs-activepassive αὐτὸν ἀχθῆναι πρὸς αὐτόν 1 him to be brought to him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people to bring the blind man to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 18 41 al8g ἵνα ἀναβλέψω 1 I want to see again “to be able to see” LUK 18 42 n67h figs-imperative ἀνάβλεψον 1 Receive your sight This is a command, but Jesus is not commanding the man to do anything. Jesus is healing the man by commanding him to be healed. Alternate translation: “You will now receive your sight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) LUK 18 42 gcv1 figs-metonymy ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε 1 Your faith has healed you These words are a metonym. It was because of the man’s faith that Jesus healed the man. Alternate translation: “I have healed you because you believed in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 18 43 d1kk δοξάζων τὸν Θεόν 1 glorifying God “giving glory to God” or “praising God” LUK 19 intro zn2b 0 # Luke 19 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>After Jesus helped a man named Zacchaeus repent of his sins ([Luke 19:1-10](./01.md)), he taught his followers that when he began to rule as king they would need to tell them what they had done with the things he had given them to take care of ([Luke 19:11-27](./11.md)). He did this by telling them a parable. After that, he rode into Jerusalem on a colt ([Luke 19:28-48](./28.md)). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “Sinner”<br>The Pharisees refer to a group of people as “sinners.” The Jewish leaders thought these people were sinful, but in reality the leaders were also sinful. This can be taken as irony. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])<br><br>### Servants<br><br>God expects his people to remember that everything in the world belongs to God. God gives his people things so they can serve him. He wants them to please him by doing what he wants them to do with everything he has given them. One day Jesus will ask his servants what they have done with everything he gave them to use. He will give a reward to those who have done what he wanted them to do, and he will punish those who have not.<br><br>### The donkey and the colt<br><br>Jesus rode into Jerusalem on an animal. In this way he was like a king who came into a city after he had won an important battle. Also, the kings of Israel in the Old Testament rode on a donkeys. Other kings rode on horses. So Jesus was showing that he was the king of Israel and that he was not like other kings.<br><br>Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about this event. Matthew and Mark wrote that the disciples brought Jesus a donkey. John wrote that Jesus found a donkey. Luke wrote that they brought him a colt. Only Matthew wrote that there were both a donkey had a colt. No one knows for sure whether Jesus rode the donkey or the colt. It is best to translate each of these accounts as it appears in the ULT without trying to make them all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 21:1-7](../../mat/21/01.md) and [Mark 11:1-7](../../mrk/11/01.md) and [Luke 19:29-36](../../luk/19/29.md) and [John 12:14-15](../../jhn/12/14.md))<br><br>### Spreading garments and branches<br><br>When king would enter the cities they ruled, people would cut branches from trees and take off the clothes that they wore to stay warm in cold weather and spread them all on the road so the king would ride over them. They did this to honor the king and show that they loved him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/honor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])<br><br>### The merchants in the temple<br><br>Jesus forced the people who were selling animals in the temple to leave. He did this to show everyone that he had authority over the temple and that only those who were righteous, who did what God said was good, could be in it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br> LUK 19 1 j35m writing-background 0 General Information: Verses 1-2 begin to give background information for the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 19 2 y5i5 writing-participants καὶ ἰδοὺ, ἀνὴρ 1 Now, there was a man The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. Alternate translation: “There was a man who was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 19 2 z91v writing-background αὐτὸς ἦν ἀρχιτελώνης, καὶ αὐτὸς πλούσιος 1 he was a chief tax collector, and he was rich This is background information about Zacchaeus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 19 3 lf9m writing-background 0 General Information: Verse 3 completes the background information begun in [Luke 19:1-2](./01.md) for the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 19 3 m3ux ἐζήτει 1 He was trying “Zacchaeus was trying” LUK 19 3 njt7 ὅτι τῇ ἡλικίᾳ μικρὸς ἦν 1 because he was small in height “because he was short” LUK 19 4 k984 καὶ προδραμὼν 1 So he ran The author has finished giving the background to the event and now begins to describe the event itself. LUK 19 4 pzr6 συκομορέαν 1 a sycamore tree “a sycamore fig tree.” It produces small round fruit about 2.5 centimeters across. Alternate translation: “a fig tree” or “a tree” LUK 19 5 mr51 τὸν τόπον 1 the place “the tree” or “where Zacchaeus was” LUK 19 6 zrw4 καὶ σπεύσας 1 So he hurried “So Zacchaeus hurried” LUK 19 7 mit4 figs-explicit πάντες διεγόγγυζον 1 they all complained The Jews hated the tax collectors and did not think any good person should associate with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 19 7 k2cl παρὰ ἁμαρτωλῷ ἀνδρὶ εἰσῆλθεν καταλῦσαι 1 He has gone in to visit with a sinful man “Jesus has gone into the house of a sinner to visit him” LUK 19 7 yl4h ἁμαρτωλῷ ἀνδρὶ 1 a sinful man “an obvious sinner” or “a real sinner” LUK 19 8 s46z τὸν Κύριον 1 the Lord This refers to Jesus. LUK 19 8 u2bt ἀποδίδωμι τετραπλοῦν 1 I will restore four times the amount “return to them four times as much as I took from them” LUK 19 9 h8ep figs-abstractnouns σωτηρία τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ ἐγένετο 1 salvation has come to this house It was understood that salvation comes from God. Alternate translation: “God has saved this household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 19 9 i8yg figs-metonymy τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ 1 this house The word “house” here refers to the people living in the house or the family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 19 9 f65b καὶ αὐτὸς 1 he too “this man too” or “Zacchaeus also” LUK 19 9 v3hq υἱὸς Ἀβραάμ 1 a son of Abraham Possible meanings are 1) “descendant of Abraham” and 2) “person who has faith as Abraham did.” LUK 19 10 myp2 ἦλθεν…ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man came Jesus is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man, came” LUK 19 10 fqx4 τὸ ἀπολωλός 1 those who are lost “the people who have wandered away from God” or “those who by sinning have wandered away from God” LUK 19 11 vue7 figs-parables 0 General Information: Jesus begins to tell a parable to the crowd. Verse 11 gives background information about why Jesus tells the parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 19 11 qs7z figs-explicit ὅτι παραχρῆμα μέλλει ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀναφαίνεσθαι 1 that the kingdom of God was about to appear immediately The Jews believed that the Messiah would establish the kingdom as soon as he came to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “that Jesus would immediately begin to rule over God’s kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 19 12 m9j6 ἄνθρωπός τις εὐγενὴς 1 A certain man of noble birth “A certain man who was a member of the ruling class” or “A certain man from an important family” LUK 19 12 mtz9 figs-explicit λαβεῖν ἑαυτῷ βασιλείαν 1 to receive for himself a kingdom This is the image of a lesser king going to a greater king. The greater king would give the lesser king the right and authority to rule over his own country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 19 13 n745 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to tell the parable he began in [Luke 19:11](../19/11.md). LUK 19 13 m387 καλέσας 1 he called “The nobleman called.” It may be helpful to state that the man did this before he left to receive his kingdom. Alternate translation: “Before he left, he called” LUK 19 13 xx6p ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς δέκα μνᾶς 1 gave them ten minas “gave each of them one mina” LUK 19 13 t82q translate-bweight δέκα μνᾶς 1 ten minas A mina was 600 grams, probably of silver. Each mina was equal to 100 days’ wages, what people would be paid for about four months’ work, so ten minas would have been about three years’ wages. Alternate translation: “ten valuable coins” or “a large amount of money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) LUK 19 13 vwp2 πραγματεύσασθαι 1 Conduct business “Trade with this money” or “Use this money in order to earn more” LUK 19 14 i998 οἱ…πολῖται αὐτοῦ 1 his citizens “the people of his country” LUK 19 14 j9v1 πρεσβείαν 1 a delegation “a group of people to represent them” or “several messengers” LUK 19 15 g3jp καὶ ἐγένετ 1 Now it happened that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. LUK 19 15 s9a7 λαβόντα τὴν βασιλείαν 1 having received the kingdom “after he had become king” LUK 19 15 s2x2 figs-activepassive φωνηθῆναι αὐτῷ 1 be called to him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to come to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 19 15 xc6s τί διεπραγματεύσαντο 1 what profit they had made “how much money they had earned” LUK 19 16 iy7i 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to tell the parable he began in [Luke 19:11](../19/11.md). LUK 19 16 mf96 translate-ordinal ὁ πρῶτος 1 the first “The first servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LUK 19 16 n37f παρεγένετο 1 came before him “came before the nobleman” LUK 19 16 ejx9 figs-explicit ἡ μνᾶ σου, δέκα προσηργάσατο μνᾶς 1 your mina has made ten minas more It is implied that the servant was the one who caused the profit. Alternate translation: “I used your mina to make a profit of ten more minas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 19 16 j7ag translate-bweight ἡ μνᾶ 1 mina A mina was 600 grams, probably of silver. Each mina was equal to 100 days’ wages, what people would be paid for about four months’ work. See how you translated this in [Luke 19:13](../19/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) LUK 19 17 n5at εὖ 1 Well done “You have done well.” Your language may have a phrase that an employer would use to show approval, such as “Good job.” LUK 19 17 t6zk ἐλαχίστῳ 1 very little This refers to the one mina, which the nobleman apparently did not consider to be a lot of money. LUK 19 18 zsr1 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to tell the parable he began in [Luke 19:11](../19/11.md). LUK 19 18 ic7p translate-ordinal ὁ δεύτερος 1 The second “The second servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LUK 19 18 irh6 figs-explicit ἡ μνᾶ σου, Κύριε, ἐποίησεν πέντε μνᾶς 1 Your mina, master, has made five minas It is implied that the servant was the one who caused the profit. Alternate translation: “Lord, I used your mina to make a profit of five more minas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 19 18 d811 translate-bweight ἡ μνᾶ 1 mina A mina was 600 grams, probably of silver. Each mina was equal to 100 days’ wages, what people would be paid for about four months’ work. See how you translated this in [Luke 19:13](../19/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) LUK 19 19 jxa9 σὺ ἐπάνω γίνου πέντε πόλεων 1 you will be over five cities “You will have authority over five cities” LUK 19 20 h937 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to tell the parable he began in [Luke 19:11](../19/11.md). LUK 19 20 n71e ὁ ἕτερος ἦλθεν 1 the other came “Another servant came” LUK 19 20 r25f translate-bweight ἡ μνᾶ 1 mina A mina was 600 grams, probably of silver. Each mina was equal to 100 days’ wages, what people would be paid for about four months’ work. See how you translated this in [Luke 19:13](../19/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) LUK 19 20 l2wr εἶχον ἀποκειμένην ἐν σουδαρίῳ 1 I kept put away in a cloth “wrapped in a cloth and stored away” LUK 19 21 w5yw ἄνθρωπος αὐστηρὸς 1 a demanding man “a stern man” or “a man who expects a lot from his servants” LUK 19 21 a6ja figs-metaphor αἴρεις ὃ οὐκ ἔθηκας 1 You take up what you did not put down This was probably a proverb. A person who takes out of storage or out of a bank things that he did not put in is a metaphor for someone who benefits from other people’s hard work. Alternate translation: “You take out what you did not put in” or “You are like a person how takes out what other people put in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 19 21 mi5b figs-metaphor θερίζεις ὃ οὐκ ἔσπειρας 1 you reap what you did not sow This was probably a proverb. A person who harvests food that someone else has planted is a metaphor for someone who benefits from other people’s hard work. Alternate translation: “you are like a person who reaps the fruit of what other people sowed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 19 22 q2k2 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to tell the parable he began in [Luke 19:11](../19/11.md). LUK 19 22 wt8q figs-metonymy ἐκ τοῦ στόματός σου 1 By your mouth His “words” refer to all that he had said. Alternate translation: “Based on what you have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 19 22 xga8 ᾔδεις ὅτι ἐγὼ ἄνθρωπος αὐστηρός εἰμι 1 Did you know that I am a demanding man The nobleman was repeating what the servant had said about him. He was not saying that it was true. Alternate translation: “You say that I am a demanding person” LUK 19 23 spx7 figs-rquestion διὰ τί οὐκ ἔδωκάς μου τὸ ἀργύριον…σὺν τόκῳ ἂν αὐτὸ ἔπραξα? 1 why did you not put the money…I would have collected it with interest? The nobleman uses a question to rebuke the wicked servant. Alternate translation: “you should have put my money…interest.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 19 23 e1yh ἔδωκάς…τὸ ἀργύριον ἐπὶ τράπεζαν 1 put the money in a bank “lent my money to a bank.” Cultures that do not have banks might translate it as “let someone borrow my money.” LUK 19 23 k39i τράπεζαν 1 a bank A bank is a business that safely holds money for people. A bank lends that money to others for a profit. Therefore it pays an extra amount, or interest, to the people who keep their money in the bank. LUK 19 23 c8ca σὺν τόκῳ ἂν αὐτὸ ἔπραξα 1 I would have collected it with interest “I could have collected that amount plus the interest it would have earned” or “I would have gained a profit from it” LUK 19 23 k8x6 τόκῳ 1 interest Interest is money that a bank pays people who put their money in the bank. LUK 19 24 t946 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to tell the parable he began in [Luke 19:11](../19/11.md). LUK 19 24 h1nn εἶπεν 1 he said The nobleman had become king. See how you translated this in [Luke 19:12](../19/12.md). LUK 19 24 aj1c τοῖς παρεστῶσιν 1 to those who were standing by “the people who were standing near them” LUK 19 24 zh5s translate-bweight τὴν μνᾶν 1 the mina A mina was 600 grams, probably of silver. Each mina was equal to 100 days’ wages, what people would be paid for about four months’ work. See how you translated this in [Luke 19:13](../19/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) LUK 19 25 m7ql ἔχει δέκα μνᾶς 1 he has ten minas. “he already has ten minas!” LUK 19 26 xww6 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues to tell the parable he began in [Luke 19:11](../19/11.md). LUK 19 26 x6ay λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I say to you This was the king speaking. Some translators may want to start this verse with “And the king replied, ‘I say to you’” or “But the king said ‘I tell you this’” . LUK 19 26 f5hn figs-explicit παντὶ τῷ ἔχοντι, δοθήσεται 1 everyone who has will be given more It is implied that what he has is the money he earned by using his mina faithfully. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “everyone who uses well what he has been given, I will give him more” or “to everyone who uses well what I have given him I will give more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 19 26 ab42 figs-explicit ἀπὸ…τοῦ μὴ ἔχοντος 1 from the one who does not have It is implied that the reason he does not have money is because he did not use his mina faithfully. Alternate translation: “from the person who does not use well what I have given him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 19 26 d1g9 figs-activepassive ἀρθήσεται 1 will be taken away This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will take away from him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 19 27 u44z τοὺς ἐχθρούς μου τούτους 1 these enemies of mine Since the enemies were not right there, some languages would say “those enemies of mine.” LUK 19 28 x7bx writing-endofstory 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of the part of the story about Zacchaeus. This verse tells us what Jesus does after this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) LUK 19 28 l43i εἰπὼν ταῦτα 1 When he had said these things “When Jesus had said these things” LUK 19 28 ja5p ἀναβαίνων εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα 1 going up to Jerusalem Jerusalem was higher than Jericho, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem. LUK 19 29 u6hj 0 General Information: Jesus approaches Jerusalem. LUK 19 29 y9q8 writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 Now it happened that This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new event. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 19 29 kpc6 ὡς ἤγγισεν 1 when he came near The word “he” refers to Jesus. His disciples were also traveling with him. LUK 19 29 q1wn translate-names Βηθφαγὴ 1 Bethphage Bethphage was (and still is) a village on the Mount of Olives, which is across the Kidron Valley from Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 19 29 lj69 τὸ ὄρος τὸ καλούμενον Ἐλαιῶν 1 the hill that is called Olivet “the hill that is called the Mount of Olives” or “the hill that is called ‘Olive Tree Mountain’” LUK 19 30 qq5c πῶλον 1 a colt “a young donkey” or “a young riding animal” LUK 19 30 w1yp figs-activepassive ἐφ’ ὃν οὐδεὶς πώποτε ἀνθρώπων ἐκάθισεν 1 on which no man has ever sat This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one has ever ridden” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 19 31 px4k figs-hypo καὶ ἐάν τις ὑμᾶς…αὐτοῦ χρείαν ἔχει 1 If anyone asks you…has need of it Jesus tells the disciples how to answer a question that has not yet been asked. However, people in the village will soon ask the question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) LUK 19 31 emu8 figs-quotesinquotes καὶ ἐάν τις ὑμᾶς ἐρωτᾷ, διὰ τί λύετε? οὕτως ἐρεῖτε 1 If anyone asks you, ‘Why are you untying it?’ you will say thus The inner quote can also be translated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “If any one asks you why you are untying it, say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) LUK 19 32 hdd8 figs-activepassive οἱ ἀπεσταλμένοι 1 those who were sent This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The two disciples that Jesus sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 19 33 biw8 οἱ κύριοι 1 the owners “the owners of the colt” LUK 19 35 scz2 ἐπιρίψαντες αὐτῶν τὰ ἱμάτια ἐπὶ τὸν πῶλον 1 they threw their cloaks upon the colt “put their robes on the young donkey.” Cloaks are outer robes. LUK 19 35 g49k ἐπεβίβασαν τὸν Ἰησοῦν 1 they put Jesus on it “helped Jesus get up on and ride on the colt” LUK 19 36 lxj5 translate-symaction ὑπεστρώννυον τὰ ἱμάτια ἑαυτῶν 1 they were spreading their cloaks “people spread their cloaks.” This is a sign of giving honor to someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) LUK 19 37 ba9e ἐγγίζοντος δὲ αὐτοῦ ἤδη 1 Then as he was already coming near “As Jesus was going near.” Jesus’ disciples were traveling with him. LUK 19 37 t4nk πρὸς τῇ καταβάσει τοῦ Ὄρους τῶν Ἐλαιῶν 1 to the descent of the Mount of Olives “where the road goes down from the Mount of Olives” LUK 19 37 m8hn ὧν εἶδον δυνάμεων 1 mighty works which they had seen “great things they had seen Jesus do” LUK 19 38 x7wk εὐλογημένος ὁ…βασιλεὺς 1 Blessed is the king They were saying this about Jesus. LUK 19 38 nsg4 figs-metonymy ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου 1 in the name of the Lord Here “name” refers to power and authority. Also, “Lord” refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 19 38 d7b4 ἐν οὐρανῷ εἰρήνη 1 Peace in heaven “May there be peace in heaven” or “We want to see peace in heaven” LUK 19 38 vb29 figs-metonymy δόξα ἐν ὑψίστοις 1 glory in the highest “May there be glory in the highest” or “We want to see glory in the highest.” The words “the highest” refer to heaven, which is a metonym for God, who lives in heaven. Alternate translation: “Let everyone give glory to God in the highest heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 19 39 sq8q ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄχλου 1 from the crowd “in the large crowd” LUK 19 39 yv21 ἐπιτίμησον τοῖς μαθηταῖς σου 1 rebuke your disciples “tell your disciples to stop doing these things” LUK 19 40 efm9 λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I tell you Jesus said this to emphasize what he would say next. LUK 19 40 b2w6 figs-hypo ἐὰν οὗτοι σιωπήσουσιν, οἱ λίθοι κράξουσιν 1 if these were silent, the stones would cry out This is a hypothetical situation. Some translators may need to make it clear what Jesus was implying when he said this: “no, I will not rebuke them, for if these people were to be silent…cry out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 19 40 v8tc οἱ λίθοι κράξουσιν 1 the stones would cry out “the stones would call out praises” LUK 19 41 v3pq τὴν πόλιν 1 the city This refers to Jerusalem. LUK 19 41 k4l2 figs-metonymy ἔκλαυσεν ἐπ’ αὐτήν 1 he wept over it The word “it” refers to the city of Jerusalem, but it represents the people who lived in that city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 19 42 g1ee εἰ ἔγνως…τὰ πρὸς εἰρήνην 1 If only you had known…the things which bring peace Jesus expresses his sadness that the people of Jerusalem had missed the opportunity to be at peace with God. LUK 19 42 q8fm figs-you ἔγνως 1 you had known The word “you” is singular because Jesus is speaking to the city. But if this would be unnatural in your language, you could use a plural form of “you” to refer to the people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 19 42 tgs6 figs-metonymy ἐκρύβη ἀπὸ ὀφθαλμῶν σου 1 they are hidden from your eyes “your eyes” refer to the ability to see. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you can no longer see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 19 43 i4p7 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues speaking. LUK 19 43 y3g2 ὅτι 1 For What follows is the reason for Jesus’ sadness. LUK 19 43 tib4 ἥξουσιν ἡμέραι ἐπὶ σὲ, καὶ περιβαλοῦσίν οἱ ἐχθροί σου 1 the days will come upon you when indeed your enemies will build This indicates that they will experience difficult times. Some languages do not talk about time “coming.” Alternate translation: “in the future these things will happen to you: Your enemies” or “soon you will endure troublesome times. Your enemies” LUK 19 43 n88i figs-you σὲ…σου 1 you…your The word “you” is singular because Jesus is speaking to the city as he would to a woman. But if this would be unnatural in your language, you could use a plural form of “you” to refer to the people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) LUK 19 43 e7xp χάρακά 1 a barricade This refers to a wall to keep the people from getting out of the city. LUK 19 44 p7qg figs-apostrophe ἐδαφιοῦσίν σε καὶ τὰ τέκνα σου ἐν σοί 1 They will strike you down to the ground and your children with you Jesus is speaking to the people of the city as if he were speaking to the city itself as he would speak to a woman. He speaks of the people who live in the city as if they are the woman’s children, and thus the city’s children. To strike down a city is to destroy its walls and buildings, and to strike down its children is to kill those who live in it. Alternate translation: “They will completely destroy you and kill all who live in you” or “They will completely destroy your city and kill all of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) LUK 19 44 f51h figs-hyperbole οὐκ ἀφήσουσιν λίθον ἐπὶ λίθον 1 They will not leave one stone upon another “They will not leave any of the stones in place.” This is a hyperbole to express that the enemies will completely destroy the city, which is built of stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 19 44 xv9n σοί…οὐκ ἔγνως 1 you did not recognize “you did not acknowledge” LUK 19 45 xq47 0 Connecting Statement: This is the next event in this part of the story. Jesus enters the temple in Jerusalem. LUK 19 45 u91v figs-explicit καὶ εἰσελθὼν εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν 1 Then entering into the temple You may need to make explicit that he first entered Jerusalem, where the temple was located. Alternate translation: “Jesus entered Jerusalem and then went to the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 19 45 j6ce figs-explicit καὶ εἰσελθὼν εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν 1 entered the temple Only priests were allowed to enter the temple building. Alternate translation: “went into the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 19 45 py1x ἐκβάλλειν 1 to cast out “throw out” or “force out” LUK 19 46 v81e figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 It is written This is a quotation from Isaiah. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The scriptures say” or “A prophet wrote these words in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 19 46 uvf7 ὁ οἶκός μου 1 My house The word “My” refers to God and “house” refers to the temple. LUK 19 46 wac1 οἶκος προσευχῆς 1 a house of prayer “a place where people pray to me” LUK 19 46 ba8w figs-metaphor σπήλαιον λῃστῶν 1 a den of robbers Jesus speaks of the temple as if it were a place where thieves come together. Alternate translation: “a place where thieves hide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 19 47 mn6e writing-endofstory 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of this part of the story. These verses tell about ongoing action that continues after the main part of the story ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) LUK 19 47 z2n8 ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ 1 in the temple “in the temple courtyard” or “at the temple” LUK 19 48 pnf9 ἐξεκρέμετο αὐτοῦ ἀκούων 1 were listening, hanging on to his words “were paying close attention to what Jesus was saying” LUK 20 intro h6in 0 # Luke 20 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 20:17, 42-43, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Using questions to trap people<br><br>When Jesus asked the Pharisees who gave John the authority to baptize ([Luke 20:4](../../luk/20/04.md)), they could not answer because any answer they gave would give someone a reason to say that they were wrong ([Luke 20:5-6](./05.md)). They thought that they would be able to say that Jesus was wrong when they asked him if people should pay taxes to Caesar ([Luke 20:22](../../luk/20/22.md)), but Jesus gave them an answer that they had not thought of.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. In this chapter, Jesus quotes a psalm that records David calling his son “lord,” that is, “master.” However, to the Jews, ancestors were greater than their descendants. In this passage, Jesus is trying to lead his hearers to the true understanding that the Messiah will himself be divine, and that he himself is the Messiah. ([Luke 20:41-44](./41.md)).<br> LUK 20 1 idi8 0 Connecting Statement: The chief priests, scribes, and elders question Jesus in the temple. LUK 20 1 h8gv writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 Now it happend that This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 20 1 vtg4 ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ 1 in the temple “in the temple courtyard” or “at the temple” LUK 20 3 vcn1 0 General Information: Jesus responds to the chief priests, scribes, and elders. LUK 20 3 qn89 ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς 1 So he answered and said to them “Jesus replied” LUK 20 3 ku6a ἐρωτήσω ὑμᾶς κἀγὼ λόγον καὶ εἴπατέ μοι 1 I will also ask you a question, and you tell me The words “I will…ask you a question” are a statement. The words “you tell me” are a command. LUK 20 4 uph3 figs-rquestion ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἦν ἢ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων 1 was it from heaven or from men Jesus knows that John’s authority comes from heaven, so he is not asking for information. He asks the question so the Jewish leaders will have to tell what they think to all who are listening. This question is rhetorical, but you will probably have to translate it as a question. Alternate translation: “do you think John’s authority to baptize people came from heaven or from men” or “was it God who told John to baptize people, or did people tell him to do it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 20 4 z7cg figs-metonymy ἐξ οὐρανοῦ 1 from heaven “from God.” Jewish people avoided referring to God by his name “Yahweh.” Often they used the word “heaven” to refer to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 20 5 mn6x οἱ…συνελογίσαντο 1 they reasoned “They discussed” or “They considered their answer” LUK 20 5 a3r8 πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς 1 among themselves “among themselves” or “with each other” LUK 20 5 z599 figs-quotations ἐὰν εἴπωμεν, ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐρεῖ 1 If we say, ‘From heaven,’ he will say Some languages might prefer an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “If we say that John’s authority is from heaven, he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) LUK 20 5 m4l7 figs-metonymy ἐξ οὐρανοῦ 1 From heaven “From God.” Jewish people avoided referring to God by his name “Yahweh.” Often they used the word “heaven” to refer to him. See how these words are translated in [Luke 20:4](../20/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 20 5 fwa2 ἐρεῖ 1 he will say “Jesus will say” LUK 20 6 e9ps figs-quotations ἐὰν…εἴπωμεν, ἐξ ἀνθρώπων 1 if we say, ‘From men,’ Some languages might prefer an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “if we say that John’s authority is from men,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) LUK 20 6 nns5 figs-explicit καταλιθάσει ἡμᾶς 1 will stone us “kill us by throwing stones on us.” God’s Law commanded that his people stone those of his people who mocked him or his prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 20 7 ia28 καὶ ἀπεκρίθησαν 1 So they answered that “So the chief priests, scribes and elders answered.” The word “so” marks an event that happened because of something else that happened first. In this case, they had reasoned with themselves ([Luke 20:5-6](./05.md)), and they did not have an answer they wanted to say. LUK 20 7 w2bc figs-quotations ἀπεκρίθησαν, μὴ εἰδέναι πόθεν 1 they answered that they did not know where it was from. This could be stated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “they said, ‘We do not know where it came from.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) LUK 20 7 eeg7 πόθεν 1 where it was from “where John’s baptism came from.” Alternate translation: “where John’s authority to baptize came from” or “who authorized John to baptize people” LUK 20 8 d3bg οὐδὲ ἐγὼ λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Neither will I tell you “And I will not tell you.” Jesus knew they were not willing to tell him the answer, so he responded in the same manner. Alternate translation: “Just as you will not tell me, I will not tell you” LUK 20 9 mf5e figs-parables 0 General Information: Jesus begins to tell a parable to the people in the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) LUK 20 9 s8tt ἐξέδετο αὐτὸν γεωργοῖς 1 rented it out to vine growers “allowed some vine growers to use it in exchange for payment” or “allowed some vine growers to use it and pay him later.” Payment might be in the form of money, or a portion of the harvest. LUK 20 9 y37s γεωργοῖς 1 vine growers These are people who tend grape vines and grow grapes. Alternate translation: “grape farmers” LUK 20 10 wm51 καιρῷ 1 the appointed time “the time they had agreed to pay him.” This would have been at the harvest time. LUK 20 10 kr7j ἀπὸ τοῦ καρποῦ τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος 1 of the fruit of the vineyard “some of the grapes” or “some of what they produced in the vineyard.” It could also refer to the things they made from grapes or the money they earned by selling the grapes. LUK 20 10 isk1 figs-metaphor ἐξαπέστειλαν αὐτὸν…κενόν 1 sent him away empty-handed An empty hand is a metaphor for “nothing.” Alternate translation: “sent him away without paying him” or “sent him away without the grapes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 20 11 nq2x κἀκεῖνον δείραντες 1 also beat that one “beat that servant” LUK 20 11 r72a ἀτιμάσαντες 1 treating him shamefully “humiliated him” LUK 20 11 vxh2 figs-metaphor ἐξαπέστειλαν κενόν 1 sent him away empty-handed Having an empty hand is a metaphor for having nothing. Alternate translation: “sent him away without paying him” or “sent him away without any grapes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 20 12 lr3h translate-ordinal τρίτον 1 a third “even a third servant” or “yet another servant.” The word “yet” hints at the fact that the landowner should not have had to send the second servant, but he went beyond that and sent a third servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LUK 20 12 ub4g τοῦτον τραυματίσαντες 1 wounded that one “injured that servant” LUK 20 12 h32a ἐξέβαλον 1 threw him out “threw him out of the vineyard” LUK 20 13 kt8i figs-rquestion τί ποιήσω? 1 What should I do? This question emphasizes that the vineyard owner thought carefully about what he was going to do. Alternate translation: “Here is what I will do:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 20 14 ib2b ἰδόντες…αὐτὸν, οἱ γεωργοὶ 1 when the vine growers saw him “when the farmers saw the owner’s son” LUK 20 14 rvi4 ἀποκτείνωμεν αὐτόν 1 Let us kill him They were not asking permission. The said this to encourage each other to kill the heir. LUK 20 15 u7us 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes telling his parable to the crowd. LUK 20 15 m6en ἐκβαλόντες αὐτὸν ἔξω τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος 1 they threw him out of the vineyard “The vine growers forced the son out of the vineyard” LUK 20 15 dlu4 figs-rquestion τί οὖν ποιήσει αὐτοῖς ὁ κύριος τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος? 1 What then will the lord of the vineyard do to them? Jesus uses a question to get his listeners to pay attention to what the owner of the vineyard will do. Alternate translation: “So now, listen to what the lord of the vineyard will do to them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 20 16 k18g μὴ γένοιτο! 1 May it never be! “May it never happen” LUK 20 17 ne1d 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues teaching the crowd. LUK 20 17 qtb7 ὁ δὲ ἐμβλέψας αὐτοῖς 1 But Jesus looked at them “But Jesus stared at them” or “But he looked straight at them.” He did this to hold them accountable to understand what he was saying. LUK 20 17 rf5f figs-rquestion τί οὖν ἐστιν τὸ γεγραμμένον τοῦτο, λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας? 1 What then is this that is written: ‘The stone…the cornerstone’? Jesus uses a question to teach the crowd. Alternate translation: “You should be able to understand that which is written: ‘The stone…cornerstone.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 20 17 l6l3 γεγραμμένον τοῦτο 1 this that is written “this scripture” LUK 20 17 a5kc figs-metaphor λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας 1 The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone This is the first of three metaphors in a prophecy from the book of Psalms. This one refers to the Messiah as if he were a stone that builders chose not to use, but that God made the most important stone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 20 17 bd2f λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες 1 The stone that the builders rejected “The stone that the builders said was not good enough to use for building.” In those days people used stones to build the walls of houses and other buildings. LUK 20 17 w9b8 οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες 1 the builders This refers to the religious rulers who are rejecting Jesus as Messiah. LUK 20 17 bh2r κεφαλὴν γωνίας 1 the cornerstone “the chief stone of the building” or “the most important stone of the building” LUK 20 18 d7n2 figs-metaphor πᾶς ὁ πεσὼν…συνθλασθήσεται 1 Every one who falls…broken to pieces This second metaphor speaks of people who reject the Messiah as if they fall over a stone and are injured. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 20 18 n3n5 figs-activepassive συνθλασθήσεται 1 will be broken to pieces This is a result of falling onto the stone. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will break up into pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 20 18 fdu6 figs-metaphor ἐφ’ ὃν δ’ ἂν πέσῃ 1 But on whomever it falls “But whomever that stone falls on.” This third metaphor speaks about the Messiah judging those who reject him as if he were a large stone that would crush them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 20 19 vbf7 figs-metonymy ἐζήτησαν…ἐπιβαλεῖν ἐπ’ αὐτὸν τὰς χεῖρας 1 sought to lay hands on him In this verse, to “lay hands on” someone is to arrest that person. Alternate translation: “looked for a way to arrest Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 20 19 u4tz ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ 1 in that very hour “immediately” LUK 20 19 u4ta figs-explicit ἐφοβήθησαν τὸν λαόν 1 they were afraid of the people This is the reason that they did not arrest Jesus right away. The people respected Jesus, and the religious leaders were afraid of what the people might do if they arrested him. Alternate translation: “they did not arrest him because they were afraid of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 20 20 f1en ἀπέστειλαν ἐνκαθέτους 1 they sent out spies “the scribes and chief priests sent spies to watch Jesus” LUK 20 20 ml5w ἵνα ἐπιλάβωνται αὐτοῦ λόγου 1 so that they might find fault with his speech “because they wanted to accuse Jesus of saying something bad” LUK 20 20 r84a figs-explicit τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος 1 to the rule and to the authority of the governor “Rule” and “authority” are two ways of saying that they wanted the governor to judge Jesus. It can be translated with one or both expressions. Alternate translation: “so that the governor would punish Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 20 21 q9q4 0 Connecting Statement: This is the beginning of the next event in this part of the story. Some time has passed since Jesus was questioned in the temple by the chief priests. The spies are now questioning Jesus. LUK 20 21 xn1w ἐπηρώτησαν αὐτὸν 1 they asked him “The spies asked Jesus” LUK 20 21 i3fr Διδάσκαλε, οἴδαμεν…ἐπ’ ἀληθείας τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ διδάσκεις 1 Teacher, we know…you teach the way of God in truth The spies were trying to deceive Jesus. They did not believe these things about Jesus. LUK 20 21 v93z figs-exclusive οἴδαμεν 1 we know “we” refers only to the spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) LUK 20 21 fi1t figs-activepassive οὐ λαμβάνεις πρόσωπον 1 do not show partiality Possible meanings are 1) “you tell the truth even if important people do not like it” or 2) “you do not favor one person over another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 20 21 ubu9 ἀλλ’ ἐπ’ ἀληθείας τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ διδάσκεις 1 but you teach the truth about the way of God This is part of what the spies were saying that they knew about Jesus. LUK 20 22 fi6p ἔξεστιν…ἢ οὔ? 1 Is it lawful…or not? They hoped that Jesus would say either “yes” or “no.” If he said “yes,” then the Jewish people would be angry with him for telling them to pay taxes to a foreign government. If he said “no,” then the religious leaders could tell the Romans that Jesus was teaching the people to break the Roman laws. LUK 20 22 j6wb ἔξεστιν 1 Is it lawful They were asking about God’s law, not about Caesar’s law. Alternate translation: “Does our law permit us” LUK 20 22 h4cc figs-metonymy Καίσαρι 1 Caesar Because Caesar was the ruler of the Roman government, they could refer to the Roman government by Caesar’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 20 23 z9dm κατανοήσας δὲ αὐτῶν τὴν πανουργίαν 1 But he understood their craftiness “But Jesus understood how tricky they were” or “But Jesus saw that they were trying to trap him.” The word “their” refers to the spies. LUK 20 24 j21y translate-bmoney δηνάριον 1 a denarius This is a Roman silver coin worth a day’s wages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) LUK 20 24 cvs9 figs-rquestion τίνος ἔχει εἰκόνα καὶ ἐπιγραφήν? 1 Whose image and inscription does it have? Jesus uses a question to respond to those who were trying to trick him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 20 24 wt51 εἰκόνα καὶ ἐπιγραφήν 1 image and inscription “picture and name” LUK 20 25 z96i 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of this event about the spies and the part of the story which began in [Luke 20:1](../20/01.md). LUK 20 25 bh1x ὁ δὲ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς 1 Then he said to them “Then Jesus said to them” LUK 20 25 rey9 figs-metonymy Καίσαρι 1 to Caesar Here “Caesar” refers to the Roman government. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 20 25 gj71 figs-ellipsis τῷ Θεῷ 1 to God The word “give” is understood from the previous phrase. It can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “and give to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 20 26 wa3s καὶ οὐκ ἴσχυσαν ἐπιλαβέσθαι τοῦ ῥήματος 1 So they were not able to trap him in what he said “The spies could not find anything wrong with what he said” LUK 20 26 yc1y καὶ θαυμάσαντες ἐπὶ τῇ ἀποκρίσει αὐτοῦ, ἐσίγησαν 1 but marveling at his answer, they were silent “but they were amazed at his answer and did not say anything” LUK 20 27 c6s4 0 General Information: We do not know where this takes place, though it possibly took place in the temple courtyard. Jesus is talking with some Sadducees. LUK 20 27 f9e3 figs-distinguish οἱ, λέγοντες ἀνάστασιν μὴ εἶναι 1 the ones who say that there is no resurrection This phrase identifies the Sadducees as being the group of Jews that say that no one would rise from the dead. It does not imply that some Sadducees believed that there is a resurrection and some did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) LUK 20 28 d6yl ἐάν τινος ἀδελφὸς ἀποθάνῃ ἔχων γυναῖκα, καὶ οὗτος ἄτεκνος ᾖ 1 if anyone’s brother dies having a wife, and he is childless “if a man’s brother dies when he has a wife but does not have children” LUK 20 28 sjt5 ἵνα λάβῃ ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ τὴν γυναῖκα 1 that his brother should take his wife “the man should marry his dead brother’s widow” LUK 20 28 pn1c figs-explicit ἐξαναστήσῃ σπέρμα τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ 1 raise up offspring for his brother The Jews considered the first son born to a woman who married her dead husband’s brother as if he were the son of the woman’s first husband. This son inherited the property of his mother’s first husband and carried on his name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 20 29 e1b5 0 General Information: The Sadducees tell Jesus a short story in verses 29-32. This is a story they made up as an example. In verse 33, they ask Jesus a question about the story they told. LUK 20 29 c2jr 0 Connecting Statement: The Sadducees finish asking Jesus their question. LUK 20 29 ax5n ἑπτὰ…ἀδελφοὶ ἦσαν 1 there were seven brothers This may have happened, but it is probably a story that they made up to test Jesus. LUK 20 29 si57 translate-ordinal ὁ πρῶτος 1 the first “brother number one” or “the oldest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LUK 20 29 qt6a ἀπέθανεν ἄτεκνος 1 died childless “died without having any children” or “died, but did not have any children” LUK 20 30 p5mw figs-ellipsis καὶ ὁ δεύτερος 1 and the second Jesus kept the story short by not repeating many of the details. Alternate translation: “the second married her and the same thing happened” or “the second brother married her and died without having any children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 20 30 r4xe translate-ordinal ὁ δεύτερος 1 the second “brother number two” or “the oldest brother who was still alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LUK 20 31 d5tq ὁ τρίτος ἔλαβεν αὐτήν 1 the third took her “The third married her” LUK 20 31 ky9p translate-ordinal ὁ τρίτος 1 the third “Brother number three” or “The oldest brother who was still alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LUK 20 31 f1fj figs-ellipsis ὡσαύτως…καὶ οἱ ἑπτὰ, οὐ κατέλιπον τέκνα, καὶ ἀπέθανον 1 likewise the seven also left no children, and died They did not repeat many of the details to keep the story short. Alternate translation: “in the same way the rest of the seven brothers married her and had no children and died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 20 31 y4wt οἱ ἑπτὰ 1 the seven “all seven of the brothers” or “each of the seven brothers” LUK 20 33 avu1 ἐν τῇ…ἀναστάσει 1 In the resurrection “When people are raised from the dead” or “When dead people will become alive again.” Some languages have a way of showing that the Sadducees did not believe that there would be a resurrection, such as “In the supposed resurrection” or “When dead people are supposedly raised from the dead.” LUK 20 34 dn48 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus begins to answer the Sadducees. LUK 20 34 n91c οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου 1 The sons of this age “The people of this world” or “The people of this time.” This is in contrast with those in heaven or the people who live after the resurrection. LUK 20 34 nlu3 figs-explicit γαμοῦσιν καὶ γαμίσκονται 1 marry and are given in marriage In that culture they spoke of men marrying women and women being given in marriage to their husband. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “get married” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 20 35 m8m9 figs-activepassive οἱ…καταξιωθέντες τοῦ αἰῶνος ἐκείνου 1 those who are regarded as worthy to obtain that age This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people in that age whom God will consider to be worthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 20 35 ct9h τῆς ἀναστάσεως τῆς ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 of the resurrection which is from the dead “to be raised from the dead” or “to rise from death” LUK 20 35 m3gm ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 from the dead From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To receive resurrection from among them speaks of becoming alive again. LUK 20 35 rh62 figs-explicit οὔτε γαμοῦσιν οὔτε γαμίζονται 1 will neither marry nor be given in marriage In that culture they spoke of men marrying women and women being given in marriage to their husband. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will not marry” or “will not get married.” This is after the resurrection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 20 36 lk28 figs-explicit οὐδὲ…ἀποθανεῖν ἔτι δύνανται 1 neither are they able to die anymore This is after the resurrection. Alternate translation: “They will not be able to die anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 20 36 btb3 υἱοί εἰσιν Θεοῦ, τῆς ἀναστάσεως υἱοὶ ὄντες 1 they are sons of God, being sons of the resurrection “are children of God because he has brought them back from the dead” LUK 20 37 ky7p 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes answering the Sadducees. LUK 20 37 g3xg figs-activepassive ὅτι δὲ ἐγείρονται οἱ νεκροὶ, καὶ Μωϋσῆς ἐμήνυσεν 1 But that the dead are raised, even Moses showed The word “even” is here because the Sadducees might not have been surprised that some scriptures say that the dead are raised, but they did not expect Moses to have written something like that. Alternate translation: “But even Moses showed that dead people rise from the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 20 37 j8z5 figs-activepassive ἐγείρονται οἱ νεκροὶ 1 the dead are raised This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God causes the dead to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 20 37 n82t figs-explicit ἐπὶ τῆς βάτου 1 at the bush “in the part of scripture where he wrote about the burning bush” or “in the scripture about the burning bush” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 20 37 nx7f ὡς λέγει Κύριον 1 where he calls the Lord “where Moses called the Lord” LUK 20 37 pqm8 τὸν Θεὸν Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ Θεὸν Ἰσαὰκ, καὶ Θεὸν Ἰακώβ 1 the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jaco “the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.” They all worshiped the same God. LUK 20 38 tdq7 δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Here Jesus explains how this story proves that people rise from the dead. LUK 20 38 u1y5 figs-parallelism Θεὸς…οὐκ ἔστιν νεκρῶν, ἀλλὰ ζώντων 1 he is not the God of the dead, but of the living These two sentences have similar meaning said twice for emphasis. Some languages have different ways of showing emphasis. Alternate translation: “the Lord is the God of living people only” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) LUK 20 38 dxi9 figs-explicit ἀλλὰ ζώντων 1 but of the living “but the God of living people.” Since these people died physically, they must still be alive spiritually. Alternate translation: “but the God of people whose spirits are alive, even though their bodies may have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 20 38 i6am πάντες γὰρ αὐτῷ ζῶσιν 1 because all live to him “because in God’s sight they all are still alive” or “because their spirits are alive in God’s presence” LUK 20 39 n5nq figs-explicit ἀποκριθέντες…τινες τῶν γραμματέων 1 some of the scribes answered “Some of the scribes said to Jesus.” There were scribes present when the Sadducees were questioning Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 20 40 i6sv οὐκέτι γὰρ ἐτόλμων 1 For they did not dare It is unclear if this refers to the scribes, or the Sadducees, or both. It is best to keep the statement general. LUK 20 40 vjx9 figs-explicit οὐκέτι…ἐτόλμων ἐπερωτᾶν αὐτὸν οὐδέν 1 they did not dare ask him anything “they were afraid to ask…questions” or “they did not risk asking…questions.” They understood that they did not know as much as Jesus did, but they did not want to say that. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “they did ask him any more tricky questions because they feared that his wise answers would make them appear foolish again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 20 41 t981 0 General Information: Jesus asks the scribes a question. LUK 20 41 mda6 figs-rquestion πῶς λέγουσιν…Δαυεὶδ Υἱόν? 1 How do they say…David’s son? “Why do they say…son?” Jesus uses a question to make the scribes think about who the Messiah is. Alternate translation: “Let’s think about them saying…son.” or “I will talk about them saying…son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 20 41 sq2g figs-explicit λέγουσιν 1 they say The prophets, the religious rulers, and the Jewish people in general knew that the Messiah was the son of David. Alternate translation: “everyone says” or “people say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 20 41 b7rb figs-synecdoche Δαυεὶδ Υἱόν 1 David’s son “King David’s descendant.” The word “son” is used here to refer to a descendant. In this case it refers to the one who would reign over God’s kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LUK 20 42 h2al εἶπεν ὁ Κύριος τῷ Κυρίῳ μου 1 The Lord said to my Lord This is a quotation from the book of Psalms which says “Yahweh said to my Lord.” But the Jews stopped saying “Yahweh” and often said “Lord” instead. Alternate translation: “The Lord God said to my Lord” or “God said to my Lord” LUK 20 42 e1i2 Κυρίῳ μου 1 my Lord David was referring to the Christ as “my Lord.” LUK 20 42 pse3 translate-symaction κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου 1 Sit at my right hand To sit at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “Sit in the place of honor beside me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) LUK 20 43 fl1h figs-metaphor ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου 1 until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet The Messiah’s enemies are spoken of as if they were furniture on which he would rest his feet. This was an image of submission. Alternate translation: “until I make your enemies like a footstool for you” or “until I conquer your enemies for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 20 44 zk2h figs-explicit Δαυεὶδ οὖν, Κύριον, αὐτὸν καλεῖ 1 David therefore calls him ‘Lord’ In the culture of that time, a father was more respected than a son. David’s us of the title ‘Lord’ for the Christ implies that he was greater than David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 20 44 k1tp figs-rquestion καὶ πῶς υἱός αὐτοῦ ἐστιν 1 so how is he his son? “so how can the Christ be David’s son?” This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “this shows that the Christ is not merely David’s descendant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 20 45 k3pf 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus now directs his attention to his disciples and speaks mainly to them. LUK 20 46 m2yu προσέχετε ἀπὸ 1 Beware of “Be on guard against” LUK 20 46 ang2 figs-explicit θελόντων περιπατεῖν ἐν στολαῖς 1 who desire to walk in long robes Long robes would show that they were important. Alternate translation: “who like to walk around wearing their important robes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 20 47 c7yv figs-metaphor οἳ κατεσθίουσιν τὰς οἰκίας τῶν χηρῶν 1 They devour the houses of widows “They also eat up widows’ houses.” The scribes are spoken of as if they were hungry animals that eat up the widows’ houses. The word “houses” is a synecdoche for both where the widow lives and all the possessions she puts in her home. Alternate translation: “They also take away from widows all their possessions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LUK 20 47 g67x προφάσει μακρὰ προσεύχονται 1 for a show they pray at length “they pretend to be righteous and make long prayers” or “they make long prayers so that people will see them” LUK 20 47 zpp5 figs-activepassive οὗτοι λήμψονται περισσότερον κρίμα 1 These will receive greater condemnation “They will receive a more severe judgment.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will certainly punish them very severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 21 intro ny7d 0 # Luke 21 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Jesus told his disciples much about what would happen before he returned.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “For many will come in my name, saying, ‘I am he,’”<br><br>Jesus taught that before he returned many people would falsely claim to be him returning. It will also be a time when many people will hate Jesus’ followers and even want to kill them.<br><br>### “Until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled”<br><br>The Jews spoke of the time between when the Babylonians forced their ancestors to go to Babylon and the time when the Messiah would come as “the times of the Gentiles,” the time when the Gentiles would rule over the Jews.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Son of Man”<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([Luke 21:27](../../luk/21/27.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br> LUK 21 1 k2zb writing-background 0 Connecting Statement: This is the next event in the story. Jesus begins teaching his disciples, either on the same day that the Sadducees question Jesus ([Luke 20:27](../20/27.md)) or on a different day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 21 1 nf4c figs-explicit τὰ δῶρα 1 gifts You may need to make explicit what the gifts were. Alternate translation: “gifts of money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 21 1 unv2 τὸ γαζοφυλάκιον 1 the treasury one of the boxes in the temple courtyard where people put money as a gift to God LUK 21 2 xrk2 writing-participants τινα χήραν πενιχρὰν 1 a certain poor widow This is a way of introducing a new character to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 21 2 vzu8 translate-bmoney λεπτὰ δύο 1 two mites “two small coins” or “two tiny copper coins.” These were the least valuable of the coins people used then. Alternate translation: “two pennies” or “two small coins of little value” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) LUK 21 3 t97j ἀληθῶς λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Truly I say to you This means that what Jesus was about to say was very important. LUK 21 3 i8gf figs-you λέγω ὑμῖν 1 I say to you Jesus was talking to his disciples. The word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 21 3 rwt3 figs-hyperbole ἡ χήρα αὕτη ἡ πτωχὴ, πλεῖον πάντων ἔβαλεν 1 this poor widow put in more than all of them God considers her gift, a small amount of money, more significant than the large amounts of money the men gave. Alternate translation: “the small gift of this widow is more valuable than the larger gifts of the rich men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 21 4 x3qb ἐκ τοῦ περισσεύοντος αὐτοῖς ἔβαλον εἰς τὰ δῶρα 1 put in the gifts out of their abundance “have a lot of money but only gave a small portion of it” LUK 21 4 gaj8 ἐκ τοῦ ὑστερήματος αὐτῆς 1 out of her poverty “who has very little money” LUK 21 5 vgp3 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus switches from talking about the widow to teaching about the temple. LUK 21 5 vk7z ἀναθέμασιν 1 offerings things people had given to God LUK 21 6 lcz6 ταῦτα ἃ θεωρεῖτε 1 these things that you see This refers to the beautiful temple and its decorations. LUK 21 6 wcd9 ἐλεύσονται ἡμέραι ἐν αἷς 1 the days will come in which “there will be a time when” or “someday” LUK 21 6 ajx2 figs-activepassive ἀφεθήσεται…ἐπὶ λίθῳ, ὃς οὐ καταλυθήσεται 1 will be left on another which will not be torn down A new sentence can be started here. Alternate translation: “left on another. They will all be torn down” or “left on another. Enemies will tear down every stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 21 6 dps1 οὐκ ἀφεθήσεται λίθος…οὐ καταλυθήσεται 0 not one stone will be left…not be torn down This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “every stone will be removed from its place and they will all be torn down” LUK 21 6 jfl1 figs-activepassive ἀφεθήσεται…ἐπὶ λίθῳ, ὃς οὐ καταλυθήσεται 1 left on another which will not be torn down A new sentence can be started here. Alternate translation: “left on another. They will all be torn down” or “left on another. Enemies will tear down every stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 21 7 rix4 ἐπηρώτησαν…αὐτὸν 1 they asked him “the disciples asked Jesus” or “Jesus’ disciples asked him” LUK 21 7 a11j ταῦτα 1 these things This refers to what Jesus has just said about enemies destroying the temple. LUK 21 8 vu18 figs-you μὴ πλανηθῆτε 1 you are not deceived Jesus was talking to his disciples. The word “you” is plural. Alternate translation: “that you do not believe lies” or “that no one deceives you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 21 8 f1ed figs-metonymy ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου 1 in my name People coming in his name claim to represent him. Alternate translation: “claiming to be me” or “claiming to have my authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 21 8 h6zp ἐγώ εἰμι 1 I am he “I am the Christ” or “I am the Messiah” LUK 21 8 sls1 μὴ πορευθῆτε ὀπίσω αὐτῶν 1 Do not go after them “Do not believe them” or “Do not become their disciples” LUK 21 9 p5w5 πολέμους καὶ ἀκαταστασίας 1 wars and riots Here “wars” probably refers to fighting between countries, and “riots” probably refers to people fighting against their own leaders or against others in their country. Alternate translation: “wars and rebellions” or “wars and revolutions” LUK 21 9 eze2 μὴ πτοηθῆτε 1 do not be terrified “do not let these things terrify you” or “do not be afraid” LUK 21 9 msn6 figs-explicit οὐκ εὐθέως τὸ τέλος 1 it will not immediately be the end This refers to the final judgment. Alternate translation: “the end of the world will not happen immediately after the wars and riots” or “the world will not end immediately after those things happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 21 9 jyh8 τὸ τέλος 1 the end “the end of everything” or “the end of the age” LUK 21 10 yj1i τότε ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς 1 Then he said to them “Then Jesus said to his disciples.” Since this is a continuation of Jesus speaking from the previous verse, some languages may prefer not to say “Then he said to them.” LUK 21 10 ms79 figs-metonymy ἐγερθήσεται ἔθνος ἐπ’ ἔθνος 1 Nation will rise against nation Here “nation” is a metonym for the people of the nation, and “rise against” is a metonym for attack. The word “nation” represents nations in general, not one particular nation. Alternate translation: “The people of one nation will attack the people of other nations” or “The people of some nations will attack the people of other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) LUK 21 10 ax4w ἔθνος 1 Nation This refers to ethnic groups of people rather than to countries. LUK 21 10 e65b figs-ellipsis βασιλεία ἐπὶ βασιλείαν 1 kingdom against kingdom The words “will rise” are understood from the previous phrase and mean attack. Alternate translation: “kingdom will rise against kingdom” or “the people of some kingdoms will attack the people of other kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) LUK 21 11 gw7x figs-ellipsis κατὰ τόπους, λιμοὶ καὶ λοιμοὶ 1 famines and plagues in various places The words “there will be” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “there will be famines and plagues in many places” or “there will be times of hunger and diseases in different places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 21 11 ib3l φόβηθρά 1 terrifying events “events that terrify people” or “events that cause people to be very afraid” LUK 21 12 unm4 τούτων 1 these things This refers to the terrible things that Jesus has said will happen. LUK 21 12 w5uz figs-metonymy ἐπιβαλοῦσιν ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν 1 they will lay their hands on you “they will grab you.” This expression refers to people exercising authority over the disciples. Alternate translation: “they will arrest you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 21 12 qd99 ἐπιβαλοῦσιν 1 they will lay “people will” or “enemies will” LUK 21 12 c44t figs-you ὑμᾶς 1 you Jesus was talking to his disciples. The word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 21 12 w2i4 figs-metonymy παραδιδόντες εἰς τὰς συναγωγὰς 1 delivering you over to the synagogues The word “synagogues” is a metonym for the people in the synagogues, specifically the leaders. Alternate translation: “giving you over to the leaders of the synagogues” or “taking you to the synagogues so that the people there can do to you whatever they want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 21 12 xt6d καὶ φυλακάς 1 and prisons “and delivering you over to the prisons” or “and putting you in prisons” LUK 21 12 cwq9 figs-metonymy ἕνεκεν τοῦ ὀνόματός μου 1 because of my name The word “name” is here used to refer to Jesus himself. Alternate translation: “because of me” or “because you follow me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 21 13 d98x εἰς μαρτύριον 1 for a testimony “for you to tell them your testimony about me” LUK 21 14 q1s1 grammar-connect-words-phrases οὖν 1 Therefore “Because of this,” referring to everything Jesus has said, beginning in [Luke 21:10](../21/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) LUK 21 14 he8s figs-metonymy θέτε…ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 resolve in your hearts Here “hearts” is a metonym for people’s minds. Alternate translation: “make up your mind” or “decide firmly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 21 14 usf9 μὴ προμελετᾶν ἀπολογηθῆναι 1 not to prepare your defense ahead of time “not to figure out ahead of time what you will say in order to defend yourself against their accusations” LUK 21 15 d3zh σοφίαν, ᾗ οὐ δυνήσονται ἀντιστῆναι ἢ ἀντειπεῖν, πάντες οἱ ἀντικείμενοι ὑμῖν 1 wisdom that all your adversaries will not be able to resist or contradict “wisdom that none of your adversaries will be able to resist or contradict” LUK 21 15 z6ua ἐγὼ…δώσω ὑμῖν στόμα καὶ σοφίαν 1 I will give you speech and wisdom “I will tell you what wise things to say” LUK 21 15 gm5t figs-hendiadys στόμα καὶ σοφίαν 1 speech and wisdom These can be combined into one phrase. Alternate translation: “words of wisdom” or “wise words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) LUK 21 16 xc2s figs-activepassive παραδοθήσεσθε…καὶ ὑπὸ γονέων, καὶ ἀδελφῶν, καὶ συγγενῶν, καὶ φίλων 1 you will also be delivered up by parents, brothers, relatives, and friends This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “even your parents, brothers, relatives, and friends will give you over to the authorities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 21 16 ue17 θανατώσουσιν ἐξ ὑμῶν 1 they will put some of you to death “they will kill some of you.” Possible meanings are 1) “the authorities will kill some of you” or 2) “those who deliver you up will kill some of you.” The first meaning is more likely. LUK 21 17 wbh8 figs-hyperbole ἔσεσθε μισούμενοι ὑπὸ πάντων 1 You will be hated by everyone This can be translated in active form. The word “everyone” emphasizes how many people will hate the disciples, either through 1) exaggeration Alternate translation: “It will seem like you are hated by everyone” or “It will seem like everyone hates you” or 2) a generalization. Alternate translation: “You will be hated by most people” or “Most people will hate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 21 17 lm66 figs-metonymy διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου 1 because of my name “my name” here refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “because of me” or “because you follow me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 21 18 y7bi figs-synecdoche καὶ θρὶξ ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς ὑμῶν, οὐ μὴ ἀπόληται 1 But not a hair of your head will perish Jesus speaks of one of the smallest parts of a person. He is emphasizing that the whole person will not perish. Jesus had already said that some of them would be put to death, so some understand this to mean that they would not be harmed spiritually. Alternate translation: “But these things cannot really harm you” or “Even every hair on your head will be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) LUK 21 19 g85h ἐν τῇ ὑπομονῇ ὑμῶν 1 By your endurance “By holding firm.” This can be stated in the opposite way. Alternate translation: “If you do not quit” LUK 21 19 r5zc κτήσασθε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν 1 you will gain your souls The “soul” was understood to represent the eternal part of a person. Alternate translation: “you will receive life” or “you will save yourselves” LUK 21 20 nqb6 figs-activepassive κυκλουμένην ὑπὸ στρατοπέδων Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 Jerusalem surrounded by armies This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “armies surrounding Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 21 20 dfy7 ὅτι ἤγγικεν ἡ ἐρήμωσις αὐτῆς 1 that its desolation is near “that it will soon be destroyed” or “that they will soon destroy it” LUK 21 21 av2e φευγέτωσαν 1 let flee run away from danger LUK 21 21 htg9 ἐν ταῖς χώραις 1 out in the country This refers to the rural areas outside Jerusalem, and not to the nation. Alternate translation: “outside the city” LUK 21 21 ubh7 εἰσερχέσθωσαν εἰς αὐτήν 1 enter into it “enter Jerusalem” LUK 21 22 vs2g ἡμέραι ἐκδικήσεως αὗταί εἰσιν 1 these are days of vengeance “these are days of punishment” or “this will be the time when God will punish this city” LUK 21 22 eba2 figs-activepassive τοῦ…πάντα τὰ γεγραμμένα 1 all the things that have been written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all the things that the prophets wrote in the scriptures long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 21 22 f9es figs-activepassive πλησθῆναι 1 to fulfill This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 21 23 e1pj ταῖς θηλαζούσαις 1 to those who are nursing “to mothers who are nursing their babies” LUK 21 23 mzp3 ἔσται…ἀνάγκη μεγάλη ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς 1 there will be great distress upon the land Possible meanings are 1) the people of the land will be distressed or 2) there will be physical disasters in the land. LUK 21 23 iw4r figs-explicit ὀργὴ τῷ λαῷ τούτῳ 1 wrath to this people “there will be wrath to the people at that time.” God will bring this wrath. Alternate translation: “this people will experience God’s anger” or “God will be very angry and will punish this people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 21 24 lmj8 figs-metonymy πεσοῦνται στόματι μαχαίρης 1 They will fall by the edge of the sword “They will be killed by the edge of the sword.” Here “fall by the edge of the sword” represents being killed by enemy soldiers. Alternate translation: “Enemy soldiers will kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 21 24 cg3n figs-activepassive αἰχμαλωτισθήσονται εἰς τὰ ἔθνη πάντα 1 they will be led captive into all the nations This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “their enemies will capture them and take them to other countries” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 21 24 zn4e figs-hyperbole εἰς τὰ ἔθνη πάντα 1 into all the nations The word “all” is an exaggeration to emphasize that they will be led into many countries. Alternate translation: “into many other countries” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 21 24 j7kw figs-activepassive Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἔσται πατουμένη ὑπὸ ἐθνῶν 1 Jerusalem will be trampled by the Gentiles Possible meanings are 1) the Gentiles will conquer Jerusalem and occupy it or 2) the Gentiles will destroy the city of Jerusalem or 3) the Gentiles will destroy the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 21 24 d356 figs-metaphor πατουμένη ὑπὸ ἐθνῶν 1 trampled by the Gentiles This metaphor speaks of Jerusalem as if the people of other nations was walking on it and crushing it down with their feet. This refers to domination. Alternate translation: “conquered by the Gentiles” or “destroyed by the other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 21 24 na6l figs-activepassive πληρωθῶσιν καιροὶ ἐθνῶν 1 the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the period of the Gentiles has come to an end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 21 25 bza4 συνοχὴ ἐθνῶν 1 the nations will be distressed Here “the nations” refers to the people in them. Alternate translation: “The people of the nations will be distressed” LUK 21 25 sz1c συνοχὴ ἐθνῶν, ἐν ἀπορίᾳ ἤχους θαλάσσης καὶ σάλου 1 will be distressed and anxious at the roaring and tossing of the sea “distress because they will be anxious about the roar of the sea and its waves” or “distress, and the loud noise of the sea and its rough movements will frighten them.” This seems to refer to unusual storms or disasters involving the seas. LUK 21 26 az37 τῶν ἐπερχομένων τῇ οἰκουμένῃ 1 the things which are coming upon the world “the things that will happen in the world” or “the things that will happen to the world” LUK 21 26 wn9g figs-activepassive αἱ…δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν σαλευθήσονται 1 the powers of the heavens will be shaken This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) that God will shake the sun moon and stars so they do not move in their normal way or 2) God will trouble the powerful spirits in the heavens. The first is recommended. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 21 27 k9pr figs-123person τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου, ἐρχόμενον 1 the Son of Man coming Jesus is referring to himself. Alternate translation: “me, the Son Man, coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 21 27 wyj9 ἐρχόμενον ἐν νεφέλῃ 1 coming in a cloud “coming down in a cloud” LUK 21 27 acp6 μετὰ δυνάμεως καὶ δόξης πολλῆς 1 with power and great glory Here “power” probably refers to his authority to judge the world. Here “glory” may refer to a bright light. God sometimes shows his greatness with a very bright light. Alternate translation: “powerfully and gloriously” or “and he will be powerful and very glorious” LUK 21 28 mv82 ἀνακύψατε 1 stand up Sometimes when people are afraid, they crouch down in order to avoid being seen or hurt. When they are no longer afraid, they get up. Alternate translation: “stand up with confidence” LUK 21 28 gx6d figs-metonymy ἐπάρατε τὰς κεφαλὰς ὑμῶν 1 lift up your heads Lifting the head is a metonym for looking up. When they lift their heads up, they will be able to see their rescuer coming to them. Alternate translation: “look up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 21 28 up9z figs-metonymy διότι ἐγγίζει ἡ ἀπολύτρωσις ὑμῶν 1 because your deliverance is coming near God, who delivers, is spoken of as if he were the deliverance that he causes. The word “deliverance” is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “because God will soon deliver you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) LUK 21 29 h6a9 figs-parables 0 Connecting Statement: As Jesus continues teaching his disciples, he tells them a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) LUK 21 30 l2ts ὅταν προβάλωσιν 1 When they sprout buds “When new leaves start to grow” LUK 21 30 yic5 figs-explicit ἤδη ἐγγὺς τὸ θέρος ἐστίν 1 summer is already near “summer is about to start.” Summer in Israel follows the sprouting of fig tree leaves and is the time when the figs ripen. Alternate translation: “harvest time is ready to start” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 21 31 y81z οὕτως καὶ ὑμεῖς, ὅταν ἴδητε ταῦτα γινόμενα 1 So also, when you see these things happening The appearance of the signs that Jesus just described signal the arrival of the kingdom of God just as appearance of the leaves of the fig tree signal the arrival of summer. LUK 21 31 t1ca figs-metonymy ἐγγύς ἐστιν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the kingdom of God is near “God will soon establish his kingdom.” Alternate translation: “God will soon rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 21 32 bj9e 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues teaching his disciples. LUK 21 32 gsh9 ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν 1 Truly I say to you This expression emphasizes the importance of what Jesus is about to say. LUK 21 32 h921 ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη 1 this generation Possible meanings are 1) the generation that will see the first of the signs Jesus speaks of or 2) the generation Jesus is speaking to. The first is more likely. LUK 21 32 m3il οὐ μὴ παρέλθῃ…ἕως ἂν 1 will not pass away until This could be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will still be alive when” LUK 21 33 t53u ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ παρελεύσονται 1 Heaven and earth will pass away “Heaven and earth will cease to exist.” The word “heaven” here refers to the sky and the universe beyond it. LUK 21 33 c3yl figs-metonymy οἱ…λόγοι μου οὐ μὴ παρελεύσονται 1 my words will never pass away “my words will never cease to exist” or “my words will never fail.” Jesus uses “words” here to refer to everything he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 21 33 kym8 οὐ μὴ παρελεύσονται 1 will never pass away This could be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will remain forever” LUK 21 34 r69y figs-metonymy μήποτε βαρηθῶσιν ὑμῶν αἱ καρδίαι 1 so that your hearts are not burdened The “heart” here refers to the mind and thoughts of the person. Alternate translation: “so that you are not occupied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 21 34 y2qk figs-metaphor μήποτε βαρηθῶσιν 1 so that…are not burdened Jesus here speaks of the following sins as if they were a physical weight that a person had to carry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 21 34 se3c κρεπάλῃ 1 the effects of drinking “what drinking too much wine will do to you” or “drunkenness” LUK 21 34 unw9 μερίμναις βιωτικαῖς 1 the worries of life “worrying too much about this life” LUK 21 34 x8jh figs-simile ἐπιστῇ ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς αἰφνίδιος ἡ ἡμέρα ἐκείν 1 that day will close on you suddenly Just as a trap closes on an animal when the animal does not expect it, that day will happen when people do not expect it. Alternate translation: “that day will happen when you are not expecting it, as when a trap closes suddenly on an animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) LUK 21 34 r486 figs-explicit ἐπιστῇ ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς αἰφνίδιος ἡ ἡμέρα ἐκείν 1 that day will close on you suddenly The coming of that day will appear to be sudden and unexpected to those who are not ready and watching for it. Alternate translation: “life. For if you are not careful, that day will close on you suddenly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 21 34 q6ph ἡ ἡμέρα ἐκείνη 1 that day This refers to the day when the Messiah returns. Alternate translation: “the day when the Son of Man comes” LUK 21 35 qh1b ἐπεισελεύσεται…ἐπὶ πάντας 1 it will come upon everyone “it will affect everyone” or “the events of that day will affect everyone” LUK 21 35 ry3f figs-metaphor ἐπὶ πρόσωπον πάσης τῆς γῆς 1 on the face of the whole earth The surface of the earth is spoken of as if it were the outward part of the face of a person. Alternate translation: “on the surface of the whole earth” or “on the entire earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 21 36 auh8 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes teaching his disciples. LUK 21 36 m4l4 ἀγρυπνεῖτε 1 be alert “be ready for my coming” LUK 21 36 y5ny κατισχύσητε ἐκφυγεῖν ταῦτα πάντα 1 you may be strong enough to escape all these things Possible meanings are 1) “strong enough to endure these things” or 2) “able to avoid these things.” LUK 21 36 hjy1 ταῦτα πάντα τὰ μέλλοντα γίνεσθαι 1 all these things that are about to take place “these things that will happen.” Jesus has just told them about terrible things that will happen, such as persecution, war, and captivity. LUK 21 36 h83d σταθῆναι ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 to stand before the Son of Man “to stand with confidence before the Son of Man.” This probably refers to when the Son of Man judges everyone. A person who is not ready will be afraid of the Son of Man and will not stand with confidence. LUK 21 37 tfe8 writing-endofstory 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of the part of the story that begins in [Luke 20:1](../20/01.md). These verses tell about ongoing action that continues after the main part of the story ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) LUK 21 37 c4uk ἦν…τὰς ἡμέρας…διδάσκων 1 during the days he was teaching “during the daytime he would teach” or “he would teach each day.” The following verses tell about things that Jesus and the people did each day during the week before he died. LUK 21 37 zh1m figs-explicit ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ 1 in the temple Only priests were allowed in the temple. Alternate translation: “at the temple” or “in the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 21 37 x4g8 τὰς…δὲ νύκτας ἐξερχόμενος 1 at night he went out “at night he would go out of the city” or “he went out each night” LUK 21 38 mu6l figs-hyperbole πᾶς ὁ λαὸς 1 all of the people The word “all” is probably an exaggeration to emphasize that the crowd was very large. Alternate translation: “A very large number of people in the city” or “Almost everyone in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 21 38 bky8 ὤρθριζεν 1 were coming early in the morning “would come early each morning” LUK 21 38 cbx2 ἀκούειν αὐτοῦ 1 to hear him “to hear him teach” LUK 22 intro y8nr 0 # Luke 22 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The eating of the body and blood<br><br>[Luke 22:19-20](./19.md) describes Jesus’ last meal with his followers. At this time, Jesus told them that what they were eating and drinking were his body and his blood. Nearly all Christian churches celebrate “the Lord’s Supper,” the “Eucharist”, or “Holy Communion” to remember this meal.<br><br>### The new covenant<br><br>Some people think that Jesus established the new covenant during the supper. Others think he established it after he went up to heaven. Others think it will not be established until Jesus comes again. Your translation should say no more about this than the ULT does. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Son of Man”<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([Luke 22:22](../../luk/22/22.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br> LUK 22 1 cf6p writing-background 0 General Information: Judas agrees to betray Jesus. These verses give background information about this event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 22 1 q8fa writing-newevent δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to introduce a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 22 1 jjy9 figs-explicit ἡ ἑορτὴ τῶν Ἀζύμων 1 the Festival of Unleavened Bread The festival was called by this name because during the festival, the Jews did not eat bread that was made with yeast. Alternate translation: “festival when they would eat unleavened bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 22 1 u5jm ἤγγιζεν 1 was approaching “was almost ready to begin” LUK 22 2 n9v6 τὸ πῶς ἀνέλωσιν αὐτόν 1 how they might put him to death The priests and scribes did not have the authority to kill Jesus themselves, but they hoped to get others to kill him. Alternate translation: “how they might cause Jesus to be put to death” or “how they could cause someone to kill Jesus” LUK 22 2 aij5 ἐφοβοῦντο…τὸν λαόν 1 they were afraid of the people Possible meanings are 1) “scared of what the people might do” or 2) “scared that the people would make Jesus king.” LUK 22 3 gf9s 0 General Information: This is the beginning of the action in this part of the story. LUK 22 3 r65v εἰσῆλθεν…Σατανᾶς εἰς Ἰούδαν…Ἰσκαριώτην 1 Satan entered into Judas…Iscariot This was probably very similar to demon possession. LUK 22 4 t5uz τοῖς ἀρχιερεῦσιν 1 the chief priests “the leaders of the priests” LUK 22 4 qpi4 στρατηγοῖς 1 captains officers of the temple guards LUK 22 4 s7qx τὸ πῶς αὐτοῖς παραδῷ αὐτόν 1 about how he might betray Jesus to them “how he would help them arrest Jesus” LUK 22 5 ir4p ἐχάρησαν 1 They were glad “The chief priests and captains were glad” LUK 22 5 usn7 αὐτῷ ἀργύριον δοῦναι 1 to give him money “to give Judas money” LUK 22 6 ft64 ἐξωμολόγησεν 1 he agreed “He agreed” LUK 22 6 w2i9 writing-endofstory ἐζήτει εὐκαιρίαν τοῦ παραδοῦναι αὐτὸν ἄτερ ὄχλου αὐτοῖς 1 began seeking an opportunity to deliver him to them away from the crowd This is an ongoing action that continues after this part of the story ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) LUK 22 6 r6xx τοῦ παραδοῦναι αὐτὸν 1 to betray him “take him” LUK 22 6 bw75 ἄτερ ὄχλου 1 away from the crowd “privately” or “when there was no crowd around him” LUK 22 7 hh9a writing-background 0 General Information: Jesus sends Peter and John to prepare for the Passover meal. Verse 7 gives background information about the event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 22 7 veh1 ἡ ἡμέρα τῶν Ἀζύμων 1 the day of unleavened bread “the day of bread without yeast.” This was the day the Jews would take all bread made with yeast out of their homes. Then they would celebrate the Festival of Unleavened Bread for seven days. LUK 22 7 rqi1 figs-explicit ἔδει θύεσθαι τὸ Πάσχα 1 it was necessary to sacrifice the Passover lamb Each family or group of people would kill a lamb and eat it together, so many lambs were killed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people had to kill a lamb for their Passover meal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 22 8 nkz4 ἑτοιμάσατε 1 prepare This is a general word meaning “make ready.” Jesus was not necessarily telling Peter and John to do all the cooking. LUK 22 8 e4ev figs-inclusive ἵνα φάγωμεν 1 so that we may eat it Jesus was including Peter and John when he said “we.” Peter and John would be part of the group of the disciples that would eat the meal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) LUK 22 9 j52e figs-exclusive θέλεις ἑτοιμάσωμεν 1 you want us to make preparations The word “us” does not include Jesus. Jesus would not be part of the group that would prepare the meal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) LUK 22 9 s8yw ἑτοιμάσωμεν 1 to make preparations “make preparations for the meal” or “prepare the meal” LUK 22 10 um6z ὁ…εἶπεν αὐτοῖς 1 He answered them “Jesus answered Peter and John” LUK 22 10 c13w ἰδοὺ 1 Look Jesus used this word to tell them to pay close attention and to do exactly what he tells them. LUK 22 10 i45e συναντήσει ὑμῖν ἄνθρωπος, κεράμιον ὕδατος βαστάζων 1 a man bearing a pitcher of water will meet you “you will see a man carrying a pitcher of water” LUK 22 10 a677 κεράμιον ὕδατος βαστάζων 1 bearing a pitcher of water “carrying a jar with water in it.” He probably would be carrying the jar on his shoulder. LUK 22 10 cc34 ἀκολουθήσατε αὐτῷ εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν 1 Follow him into the house “Follow him, and go into the house” LUK 22 11 khy9 figs-quotations λέγει σοι ὁ διδάσκαλος, ποῦ ἐστιν τὸ κατάλυμα, ὅπου τὸ Πάσχα μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν μου φάγω? 1 The Teacher says to you, “Where is the guest room, where I will eat the Passover with my disciples?” The quote beginning with “Where is the guest room” is a direct quote of what Jesus, the teacher, wants to say to the master of his house. It can be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Our teacher asks where the guest room is in which he will eat the Passover with his disciples.” or “Our teacher says to show us the guest room where he will eat the Passover with us and the rest of his disciples.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) LUK 22 11 iv6f ὁ διδάσκαλος 1 The Teacher This refers to Jesus. LUK 22 11 pq8q τὸ Πάσχα…φάγω 1 I will eat the Passover “eat the Passover meal” LUK 22 12 ypk9 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues giving instructions to Peter and John. LUK 22 12 lpw6 κἀκεῖνος ὑμῖν δείξει 1 He will show you “The owner of the house will show you” LUK 22 12 lg2z ἀνάγαιον 1 upper room “room upstairs.” If your community does not have houses with rooms above other rooms, you may need to consider how to describe buildings in the city. LUK 22 13 g9ty ἀπελθόντες δὲ 1 So they went “So Peter and John went” LUK 22 14 u3c6 0 Connecting Statement: This is the next event in the part of the story about the Passover. Jesus and his disciples are sitting to eat the Passover meal. LUK 22 14 j1dn καὶ ὅτε ἐγένετο ἡ ὥρα 1 Now when the hour came “When it was time to eat the meal” LUK 22 14 lnc6 ἀνέπεσεν 1 he reclined at table “Jesus sat down” LUK 22 15 hue3 ἐπιθυμίᾳ ἐπεθύμησα 1 I have greatly desired “I have wanted very much” LUK 22 15 s1sj πρὸ τοῦ με παθεῖν 1 before I suffer Jesus is referring ahead to his death. The word for “suffer” here means to go through an unusually difficult or painful experience. LUK 22 16 gbj7 λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν 1 For I say to you Jesus uses this phrase to emphasize the importance of what he will say next. LUK 22 16 k28r figs-activepassive ἕως ὅτου πληρωθῇ 1 until when it is fulfilled This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) until the purpose of the Passover Festival is accomplished. Alternate translation: “until God fulfills it” or “until God completes the purpose of the Passover Festival” or 2) “until we celebrate the final Passover Festival” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 22 17 l5e6 δεξάμενος ποτήριον 1 he took a cup “picked up a cup of wine” LUK 22 17 d7pc εὐχαριστήσας 1 when he had given thanks “when he had given thanks to God” LUK 22 17 li2n εἶπεν 1 he said “he said to his apostles” LUK 22 17 xvm7 figs-metonymy διαμερίσατε εἰς ἑαυτούς 1 divide it among yourselves They were to share the contents of the cup, and not the cup itself. Alternate translation: “share the wine in the cup among yourselves” or “each of you drink some of the wine from the cup” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 22 18 m78n λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν 1 For I say to you This phrase is used to emphasize the importance of what Jesus will say next. LUK 22 18 h5tl τοῦ γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλου 1 the fruit of the vine This refers to the juice that is squeezed from the grapes that grow on grapevines. Wine is made from fermented grape juice. LUK 22 18 crv5 ἕως οὗ ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἔλθῃ 1 until the kingdom of God comes “until God establishes his kingdom” or “until God rules in his kingdom” LUK 22 19 nd2m ἄρτον 1 bread This bread did not have yeast in it, so it was flat. LUK 22 19 d3yc ἔκλασεν 1 he broke it “he ripped it” or “he tore it.” He may have divided it into many pieces or he may have divided it into two pieces and given them to the apostles to divide among themselves. If possible, use an expression that would apply to either situation. LUK 22 19 d8r1 τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου 1 This is my body Possible meanings are 1) “This bread is my body” and 2) “This bread represents my body.” LUK 22 19 lc9m figs-activepassive τὸ σῶμά μου, τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν διδόμενον 1 my body which is given for you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “my body, which I will give for you” or “my body, which I will sacrifice for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 22 19 cxy5 τοῦτο ποιεῖτε 1 Do this “Eat this bread” LUK 22 19 c4hy εἰς τὴν ἐμὴν ἀνάμνησιν 1 in remembrance of me “in order to remember me” LUK 22 20 z3cx figs-metonymy τοῦτο τὸ ποτήριον 1 This cup The word “cup” refers to the wine in the cup. Alternate translation: “The wine in this cup” or “This cup of wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 22 20 gc8h ἡ καινὴ διαθήκη ἐν τῷ αἵματί μου 1 the new covenant in my blood This new covenant will take effect as soon his blood is shed. Alternate translation: “the new covenant that will be ratified through my blood” LUK 22 20 v4d3 figs-metonymy τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐκχυννόμενον 1 which is poured out for you Jesus speaks of his death by referring to his blood being poured out. Alternate translation: “which is poured out in death for you” or “which will flow out of my wounds for you when I die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 22 21 swj1 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues speaking to his apostles. LUK 22 21 g6ks τοῦ παραδιδόντος με 1 The one who betrays me “The one who will betray me” LUK 22 22 wtj2 ὅτι ὁ Υἱὸς μὲν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου…πορεύεται 1 For the Son of Man indeed goes “For, indeed, the Son of Man will go” or “For the Son of Man will die” LUK 22 22 mk3q figs-123person ὁ Υἱὸς μὲν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου…πορεύεται 1 the Son of Man indeed goes Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man, indeed go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 22 22 p2qa figs-activepassive κατὰ τὸ ὡρισμένον 1 as it has been determined This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “as God has determined” or “as God has planned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 22 22 wy2s figs-activepassive πλὴν οὐαὶ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ἐκείνῳ δι’ οὗ παραδίδοται 1 But woe to that man through whom he is betrayed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But woe to the man who betrays the Son of Man” or “But how terrible it will be for that man who betrays the Son of Man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 22 24 yyw9 ἐγένετο δὲ καὶ φιλονικία ἐν αὐτοῖς 1 Then there arose also a quarrel among them “Then the apostles began to argue among themselves” LUK 22 24 y9ce figs-activepassive δοκεῖ εἶναι μείζων 1 was considered to be greatest This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “was the most important” or “the people would think was most important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 22 25 vc5d ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς 1 So he said to them “Jesus said to the apostles” LUK 22 25 zjf5 κυριεύουσιν αὐτῶν 1 are masters over themlord it over them “rule forcefully over the Gentiles” LUK 22 25 tw4y καλοῦνται 1 are referred to as The people probably did not think of those rulers as people who do good to their people. Alternate translation: “like to be called” or “call themselves” LUK 22 26 x6cq 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues teaching his apostles. LUK 22 26 ne9r ὑμεῖς…οὐχ οὕτως 1 it must not be like this with you “you should not act like that” LUK 22 26 cdq7 figs-metaphor ὁ νεώτερος 1 the youngest Older people were respected in that culture. The leaders were usually older people and were called “elders.” The youngest person would be the least likely to lead, and the least important. Alternate translation: “the least important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 22 26 y4n1 ὁ διακονῶν 1 the one who serves “a servant” LUK 22 27 mw2l γὰρ 1 For This connects Jesus’ commands in verse 26 with the whole of verse 27. It means that the most important person should serve because Jesus is a servant. LUK 22 27 jt7r figs-rquestion τίς γὰρ μείζων…ὁ ἀνακείμενος? 1 For who is greater…the one who serves? “For who is more important…serves?” Jesus uses this question to begin to explain to the apostles who is truly great. Alternate translation: “I want you to think about who is greater…serves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 22 27 n3dl ὁ ἀνακείμενος 1 the one who reclines at table “the one who is dining” LUK 22 27 lu3a figs-rquestion οὐχὶ ὁ ἀνακείμενος? 1 Is it not the one who reclines at table? Jesus uses another question to teach the disciples. Alternate translation: “Of course the one who sits at the table is more important than the servant!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 22 27 qbn6 ἐγὼ δὲ ἐν μέσῳ ὑμῶν εἰμι ὡς ὁ διακονῶν 1 Yet I am among you as one who serves “But I am with you to be a servant” or “But I am with you to show you how a servant acts.” The word “yet” is here because there is a contrast between what people would expect Jesus to be like and what he really was like. LUK 22 28 i9xb οἱ διαμεμενηκότες μετ’ ἐμοῦ, ἐν τοῖς πειρασμοῖς μου 1 the ones who have continued with me in my temptations “have stayed with me through my struggles” LUK 22 29 w4pd κἀγὼ διατίθεμαι ὑμῖν, καθὼς διέθετό μοι ὁ Πατήρ μου βασιλείαν 1 I grant to you, just as my Father has granted to me, a kingdom Some languages may need to change the order. Alternate translation: “Just as my father has given a kingdom to me, I give a kingdom to you” LUK 22 29 nly5 κἀγὼ διατίθεμαι ὑμῖν…βασιλείαν 1 I grant to you a kingdom “I make you rulers in God’s kingdom” or “I give you authority to rule in the kingdom” or “I will make you kings” LUK 22 29 ii65 καθὼς διέθετό μοι ὁ Πατήρ μου 1 just as my Father has granted to me “just as my Father has given me authority to rule as king in his kingdom” LUK 22 30 us1j figs-metonymy καθῆσθε ἐπὶ θρόνων 1 you will sit on thrones Kings sit on thrones. Sitting on a throne is a symbol of ruling. Alternate translation: “you will work as kings” or “you will do the work of kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 22 31 vhm5 0 General Information: Jesus speaks directly to Simon. LUK 22 31 t8qd Σίμων, Σίμων 1 Simon, Simon Jesus said his name twice to show that what he was about to say to him was very important. LUK 22 31 dmw8 figs-you ὑμᾶς 1 you The word “you” refers to all of the apostles. Languages that have different forms of “you” should use the plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 22 31 qyy7 figs-metaphor ὑμᾶς τοῦ σινιάσαι ὡς τὸν σῖτον 1 to sift you as wheat This means that Satan wanted to test the disciples to find something wrong. Alternate translation: “test you like someone passes grain through a sieve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 22 32 pd1t figs-you ἐγὼ δὲ ἐδεήθην περὶ σοῦ 1 But I have prayed for you The word “you” here refers specifically to Simon. Languages that have different forms of you should use the singular form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 22 32 zp8w ἵνα μὴ ἐκλίπῃ ἡ πίστις σου 1 so that your faith may not fail This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “that you will continue to have faith” or “that you will continue to trust me” LUK 22 32 qxk7 figs-metaphor ποτε ἐπιστρέψας 1 when you have turned back Here “turned back again” is a metaphor for starting to believe in someone again. Alternate translation: “After you start believing in me again” or “After you start serving me again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 22 32 f9v8 στήρισον τοὺς ἀδελφούς σου 1 strengthen your brothers “encourage your brothers to be strong in their faith” or “help your brothers believe in me” LUK 22 32 r7ux τοὺς ἀδελφούς σου 1 your brothers This refers to the other disciples. Alternate translation: “your fellow believers” or “the other disciples” LUK 22 34 zt8v οὐ φωνήσει σήμερον ἀλέκτωρ, ἕως τρίς με ἀπαρνήσῃ εἰδέναι 1 the rooster will not crow today, before you deny three times that you know me The order of the parts of the verse can be reversed. Alternate translation: “you will deny three times that you know me before the rooster crows this day” LUK 22 34 tu15 οὐ φωνήσει σήμερον ἀλέκτωρ, ἕως…ἀπαρνήσῃ 1 the rooster will not crow today, before you deny This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “the rooster will crow this day only after you deny” or “before the rooster crows today, you will deny” LUK 22 34 pwj1 figs-metonymy οὐ φωνήσει…ἀλέκτωρ 1 the rooster will not crow Here, the crowing of the rooster refers to a certain time of day. Roosters often crow just before the sun appears in the morning. Therefore, this refers to dawn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 22 34 eq7h ἀλέκτωρ 1 rooster a bird that calls out loudly around the time the sun comes up LUK 22 34 zaq1 figs-explicit σήμερον 1 today The Jewish day begins at sunset. Jesus was speaking after the sun had set. The rooster would crow just before morning. The morning was part of “this day.” Alternate translation: “tonight” or “in the morning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 22 35 rb56 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus turns his attention back to speaking to all of his disciples. LUK 22 35 cv68 figs-rquestion καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, ὅτε…μή τινος ὑστερήσατε? οἱ δὲ εἶπαν, οὐθενός. 1 Then he said to them, “When…did you lack anything?” They answered, “Nothing.” Jesus uses a question to help the apostles remember how well the people provided for them as they traveled. Though this is a rhetorical question and Jesus is not asking for information, you should translate it as a question unless only a statement would cause the disciples to reply that they had lacked nothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 22 35 a5jt figs-you ὅτε ἀπέστειλα ὑμᾶς 1 When I sent you out Jesus was talking to his apostles. So languages that have different forms of “you” should use the plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 22 35 dny3 figs-metonymy βαλλαντίου 1 purse A purse is a bag for holding money. Here it is used to refer to “money.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 22 35 dr5g πήρας 1 a bag of provisions “travelers’ bag” or “bag of food” LUK 22 35 tb51 figs-ellipsis οὐθενός 1 Nothing It may be helpful to some audiences to include more about the conversation. Alternate translation: “We did not lack anything” or “We had everything we needed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 22 36 h7j7 ὁ μὴ ἔχων, πωλησάτω τὸ ἱμάτιον αὐτοῦ…μάχαιραν 1 The one who does not have a sword should sell his cloak Jesus was not referring to a specific person who did not have a sword. Alternate translation: “If anyone does not have a sword, he should sell his cloak” LUK 22 36 q717 τὸ ἱμάτιον 1 cloak “coat” or “outer garment” LUK 22 37 n73l 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes speaking with his disciples. LUK 22 37 g4l7 figs-activepassive τὸ γεγραμμένον 1 this which is written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what a prophet wrote about me in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 22 37 u9jx figs-activepassive δεῖ τελεσθῆναι 1 must be fulfilled The apostles would have understood that God would cause everything written in the scriptures to happen. Alternate translation: “God will fulfill” or “God will cause to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 22 37 jf1f figs-activepassive μετὰ ἀνόμων ἐλογίσθη 1 He was counted with the lawless ones Here Jesus is quoting the scriptures. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People counted him as a member of the group of lawless men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 22 37 jz9d ἀνόμων 1 the lawless ones “those who break the law” or “the criminals” LUK 22 37 se1d figs-activepassive καὶ γὰρ τὸ περὶ ἐμοῦ τέλος ἔχει 1 For indeed the things concerning me are being fulfilled Possible meanings are 1) “For what the prophet predicted about me is about to happen” or 2) “For my life is coming to an end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 22 38 ajs4 οἱ…εἶπαν 1 they said This refers to at least two of Jesus’ apostles. LUK 22 38 kbt8 ἱκανόν ἐστιν 1 It is enough Possible meanings are 1) they have enough swords. “We now have enough swords.” or 2) Jesus wants them to stop talking about having swords. “No more of this talk about swords.” When Jesus said that they should buy swords, he was mainly telling them about the danger they would all face. He may not have really wanted them to buy swords and fight. LUK 22 39 zaw6 0 General Information: Jesus goes to the Mount of Olives to pray. LUK 22 40 b6pz προσεύχεσθε μὴ εἰσελθεῖν εἰς πειρασμόν 1 Pray that you do not enter into temptation “that you are not tempted” or “that nothing tempts you and causes you to sin” LUK 22 41 sp1s figs-idiom ὡσεὶ λίθου βολήν 1 about a stone’s throw “about the distance that someone can throw a stone.” Alternate translation: “a short distance” or with an estimated measurement like “about thirty meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 22 42 j48l Πάτερ, εἰ βούλει 1 Father, if you are willing Jesus will bear the guilt of every person’s sin on the cross. He prays to his Father, asking if there is another way. LUK 22 42 y51l guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πάτερ 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) LUK 22 42 ic7y figs-metaphor παρένεγκε τοῦτο τὸ ποτήριον ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ 1 remove this cup from me Jesus refers to what he will soon experience as if it were a cup of bitter liquid that he would have to drink. Alternate translation: “allow me to not drink from this cup” or “allow me to not experience what is about to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 22 42 zw2y figs-activepassive πλὴν μὴ τὸ θέλημά μου, ἀλλὰ τὸ σὸν γινέσθω 1 Nevertheless not my will, but yours be done This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “However, do what is according to your will rather than what is according to my will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 22 45 a9fg ἀναστὰς ἀπὸ τῆς προσευχῆς, ἐλθὼν 1 When he rose up from his prayer, he came “When Jesus got up after praying, he” or “After praying, Jesus got up and he” LUK 22 45 gb3z εὗρεν κοιμωμένους αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς λύπης 1 found them sleeping because of their sorrow “saw that they were sleeping because they were tired from their sadness” LUK 22 46 in7g figs-rquestion τί καθεύδετε? 1 Why are you sleeping? Possible meanings are 1) “I am surprised that you are sleeping now.” or 2) “You should not be sleeping now!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 22 46 nl7w ἵνα μὴ εἰσέλθητε εἰς πειρασμόν 1 so that you may not enter into temptation “so that you may not be tempted” or “so that nothing tempts you and causes you to sin” LUK 22 47 kt25 writing-participants ἰδοὺ, ὄχλος 1 behold, a crowd appeared The word “behold” alerts us to a new group in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. Alternate translation: “there was a crowd that appeared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 22 47 mva7 προήρχετο αὐτούς 1 was leading them Judas was showing the people where Jesus was. He was not telling the crowd what to do. Alternate translation: “leading them to Jesus” LUK 22 47 c2l7 translate-unknown φιλῆσαι αὐτόν 1 to kiss him “to greet him with a kiss” or “to greet him by kissing him.” When men greeted other men who were family or friends, they would kiss them on one cheek or both cheeks. If your readers would find it embarrassing to say that a man would kiss another man, you could translate it in a more general way: “to give him a friendly greeting.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) LUK 22 48 e2n9 figs-rquestion φιλήματι τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου παραδίδως? 1 are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss? Jesus uses a question to rebuke Judas for betraying him with a kiss. Normally a kiss is a sign of love. Alternate translation: “it is a kiss you are using to betray the Son of Man!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 22 48 zvk8 figs-123person τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man Jesus is using this term to refer to himself. Alternate translation: “me, the Son of Man, with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 22 49 njs1 οἱ περὶ αὐτὸν 1 those who were around Jesus This refers to Jesus’ disciples. LUK 22 49 y5za τὸ ἐσόμενον 1 what was going to happen This refers to the priests and soldiers coming to arrest Jesus. LUK 22 49 gv81 figs-explicit εἰ πατάξομεν ἐν μαχαίρῃ? 1 should we strike with the sword? The question is about the type of fight they should engage in (a sword fight), not what weapon they should use (the swords that they brought, [Luke 22:38](../22/38.md)), but your translation may need to speak of the weapons they brought. Alternate translation: “fight against them with the swords we brought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 22 50 b4ij εἷς τις ἐξ αὐτῶν 1 a certain one of them “one of the disciples” LUK 22 50 f2fm ἐπάταξεν…τὸν δοῦλον τοῦ ἀρχιερέως 1 struck the servant of the high priest “struck the servant of the high priest with a sword” LUK 22 51 rcp5 ἐᾶτε ἕως τούτου 1 No more of this! “Do not do any more of that” LUK 22 51 c6pz ἁψάμενος τοῦ ὠτίου 1 touching his ear “touched the servant where his ear had been cut off” LUK 22 52 fa7z figs-rquestion ὡς ἐπὶ λῃστὴν ἐξήλθατε μετὰ μαχαιρῶν καὶ ξύλων? 1 Do you come out as against a robber, with swords and clubs? “Do you come out with swords and clubs because you think I am a robber?” Jesus uses this question to scold the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “You know that I am not a robber, yet you come out to me bringing swords and clubs.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 22 53 g1tu καθ’ ἡμέραν ὄντος μου μεθ’ ὑμῶν 1 When I was daily with you “I was among you every day” LUK 22 53 a6qu ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ 1 in the temple Only priests entered the temple. Alternate translation: “in the temple courts” or “at the temple” LUK 22 53 c4is figs-metonymy οὐκ ἐξετείνατε τὰς χεῖρας ἐπ’ ἐμέ 1 you did not lay your hands on me In this verse, to lay hands on someone is to arrest that person. Alternate translation: “arrest me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 22 53 gw9n αὕτη ἐστὶν ὑμῶν ἡ ὥρα 1 this is your hour “this is the time for you to do whatever you want” LUK 22 53 mzb4 figs-ellipsis ἡ ἐξουσία τοῦ σκότους 1 the authority of the darkness It may be helpful to repeat the reference to time. “Darkness” is a metonym for Satan. Alternate translation: “the time of the authority of darkness” or “the time when God is allowing Satan to do whatever he wants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 22 54 mtp8 ἤγαγον 1 they led him away “led Jesus away from the garden where they had arrested him” LUK 22 54 ct8h εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ ἀρχιερέως 1 into the house of the high priest “into the courtyard of the high priest’s house” LUK 22 55 b3x7 περιαψάντων…πῦρ 1 they had kindled a fire “some people had made a fire.” The fire was to keep the people warm during the cool night. Alternate translation: “some people started a fire to keep warm” LUK 22 55 qx64 μέσῳ τῆς αὐλῆς 1 the middle of the courtyard This was the courtyard at the high priest’s house. It had walls around it, but no roof. LUK 22 55 m8ew μέσος αὐτῶν 1 in the midst of them “together with them” LUK 22 56 fm4t καθήμενον πρὸς τὸ φῶς 1 as he sat in the light of the fire He sat near the fire and its line shone on him. LUK 22 56 fxz3 καὶ ἀτενίσασα αὐτῷ εἶπεν 1 and looking straight at him, said “and she looked straight at Peter and said to the other people in the courtyard” LUK 22 56 zu63 καὶ οὗτος σὺν αὐτῷ ἦν 1 This man also was with him The woman was telling the people about Peter being with Jesus. She probably did not know Peter’s name. LUK 22 57 dzq9 ὁ δὲ ἠρνήσατο 1 But Peter denied it “But Peter said that it was not true” LUK 22 57 vdm1 οὐκ οἶδα αὐτόν, γύναι 1 Woman, I do not know him Peter did not know the woman’s name. He was not insulting her by calling her “woman.” If people would think he was insulting her, you could use a culturally acceptable way for a man to address a woman he does not know, or you could leave out the word. LUK 22 58 i65s καὶ σὺ ἐξ αὐτῶν εἶ 1 You are also one of them “You are also one of those who were with Jesus” LUK 22 58 cyv7 ἄνθρωπε, οὐκ εἰμί 1 Man, I am not Peter did not know the man’s name. He was not insulting him by calling him “Man.” If people would think he was insulting him, you could use a culturally acceptable way for a man to address a man he does not know, or you could leave out the word. LUK 22 59 h5tb διϊσχυρίζετο λέγων 1 insisted, saying “said insistently” or “said loudly” LUK 22 59 fc42 ἐπ’ ἀληθείας…οὗτος 1 In truth, this one Here “this man” refers to Peter. The speaker probably did not know Peter’s name. LUK 22 59 qwf7 figs-explicit Γαλιλαῖός ἐστιν 1 he is a Galilean The man could probably tell Peter was from Galilee from the way he talked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 22 60 ck93 ἄνθρωπε 1 Man Peter did not know the man’s name. He was not insulting him by calling him “Man.” If people would think he was insulting him, you could use a culturally acceptable way for a man to address a man he does not know, or you could leave out the word. See how you translated this in [Luke 22:58](../22/58.md). LUK 22 60 al3s figs-idiom οὐκ οἶδα ὃ λέγεις 1 I do not know what you are saying “I do not know what you are talking about.” This expression means that Peter completely disagrees with the man. Alternate translation: “what you said is not true at all” or “what you said is completely false” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 22 60 p6c5 ἔτι λαλοῦντος αὐτοῦ 1 while he was still speaking “while Peter was speaking” LUK 22 60 lt62 ἐφώνησεν ἀλέκτωρ 1 a rooster crowed Roosters often crow just before the sun appears in the morning. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Luke 22:34](../22/34.md). LUK 22 61 gdp5 στραφεὶς, ὁ Κύριος ἐνέβλεψεν τῷ Πέτρῳ 1 turning, the Lord looked at Peter “The Lord turned and looked at Peter” LUK 22 61 dpk1 τοῦ ῥήματος τοῦ Κυρίου 1 the word of the Lord “what Jesus had said” when Jesus had said that Peter would betray Jesus LUK 22 61 kkq8 ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι 1 a rooster crows Roosters often crow just before the sun appears in the morning. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Luke 22:34](../22/34.md). LUK 22 61 ui26 figs-explicit σήμερον 1 today The Jewish day started at sundown and continued to the next evening. Jesus had spoken the previous evening about what would happen shortly before dawn or at dawn. Alternate translation: “tonight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 22 61 zjc6 ἀπαρνήσῃ με τρίς 1 deny me three times “deny three times that you know me” LUK 22 62 m5gu ἐξελθὼν ἔξω 1 he went outside “Peter went out of the courtyard” LUK 22 64 zn1p περικαλύψαντες αὐτὸν 1 They put a cover over him “They covered his eyes so that he could not see” LUK 22 64 cl2v figs-irony προφήτευσον, τίς ἐστιν ὁ παίσας σε 1 Prophesy! Who is the one who hit you? The guards did not believe that Jesus was a prophet. Rather, they believed that a real prophet would know who hit him even if he could not see. They called Jesus a prophet, but they were teasing him and showing him why they did not think that he was a prophet. Alternate translation: “Prove that you are a prophet. Tell us who hit you!” or “Hey prophet, who hit you?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) LUK 22 64 q4g1 figs-explicit προφήτευσον 1 Prophesy! “Speak words from God!” The implied information is that God would have to tell Jesus who struck him since Jesus was blindfolded and could not see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 22 66 wa4h 0 General Information: It is now the next day and Jesus is brought before the council. LUK 22 66 v9m2 καὶ ὡς ἐγένετο ἡμέρα 1 Now when it was day “At dawn the next morning” LUK 22 66 vp8u figs-activepassive ἀπήγαγον αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ Συνέδριον αὐτῶν 1 They led him into their council Possible meanings are 1) “The elders had Jesus brought into the council” or 2) “The guards led Jesus into the council of the elders.” Some languages may avoid saying who led him by using the pronoun “they” or by using a passive verb: “Jesus was led into the council” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 22 67 br8y λέγοντες 1 saying A new sentence can be started here. Alternate translation: “The elders said to Jesus” LUK 22 67 h12k εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστός, εἰπὸν ἡμῖν 1 If you are the Christ, tell us “Tell us if you are the Christ” LUK 22 67 g8iy figs-hypo ἐὰν ὑμῖν εἴπω, οὐ μὴ πιστεύσητε 1 If I tell you, you will certainly not believe This is the first of two hypothetical statements by Jesus. It was a way for Jesus to respond without giving them a reason to say that he was guilty of blasphemy. Your language may have a way of indicating that the action has not actually happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) LUK 22 68 l7nz figs-hypo ἐὰν…ἐρωτήσω, οὐ μὴ ἀποκριθῆτε 1 if I ask you, you will certainly not answer This is the second hypothetical statement. It was a way for Jesus to rebuke them without giving them a reason to convict him. These words, along with “If I tell you, you will not believe” (verse 67), show that Jesus did not believe that the council was really looking for the truth. Your language may have a way of indicating that the action has not actually happened. Jesus is saying that whether he speaks or asks them to speak, they will not respond correctly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) LUK 22 69 xsz9 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues speaking to the council. LUK 22 69 z3ea ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν 1 from now on “from this day” or “starting from today” LUK 22 69 p8kt figs-123person ἔσται ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 the Son of Man will be Jesus uses this phrase to refer to himself. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man, will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 22 69 nka9 translate-symaction καθήμενος ἐκ δεξιῶν τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 seated at the right hand of the power of God To sit at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “seated in the place of honor beside the power of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) LUK 22 69 h4n3 figs-metonymy τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the power of God “the all-powerful God.” Here “power” refers to his supreme authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 22 70 udh2 figs-explicit σὺ οὖν εἶ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Then you are the Son of God? The council asked this question because they wanted Jesus to explicitly confirm their understanding that he was saying he was the Son of God. Alternate translation: “So when you said that, did you mean that you are the Son of God?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 22 70 l4j7 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) LUK 22 70 jtr9 ὑμεῖς λέγετε ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι 1 You are saying that I am “Yes, it is just like you say” LUK 22 71 u3m3 figs-rquestion τί ἔτι ἔχομεν μαρτυρίας χρείαν? 1 What further need do we have of a witness? They use a question for emphasis. Alternate translation: “We have no further need for witnesses!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 22 71 lpm4 figs-metonymy ἠκούσαμεν ἀπὸ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ 1 we have heard from his own mouth The phrase “his own mouth” refers to his speech. Alternate translation: “heard him say that he believes he is the Son of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 23 intro p6wq 0 # Luke 23 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the last line of this chapter apart because it is more connected with chapter 24 than with chapter 23.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Accuse<br><br>The chief priests and scribes accused Jesus of doing evil because they wanted Pilate to kill Jesus. But they were accusing him falsely, because Jesus had never done what they accused him of doing.<br><br>### “The curtain of the temple was split in two”<br><br>The curtain in the temple was an important symbol that showed that people needed to have someone speak to God for them. They could not speak to God directly because all people are sinful and God hates sin. God split the curtain to show that Jesus’ people can now speak to God directly because Jesus has paid for their sins.<br><br>### The tomb<br><br>The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([Luke 23:53](../../luk/23/53.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “I find no fault in this man”<br><br>Pilate was saying that he did not know of any reason why he should punish Jesus because Jesus had not broken any laws. Pilate was not saying that Jesus was perfect.<br> LUK 23 1 pi3d 0 General Information: Jesus is brought before Pilate. LUK 23 1 sgf1 ἅπαν τὸ πλῆθος αὐτῶν 1 The whole company of them “All of the Jewish leaders” or “All the members of the Council” LUK 23 1 mvn9 ἀναστὰν 1 rose up “stood” or “stood to their feet” LUK 23 1 k4aa figs-metaphor ἐπὶ τὸν Πειλᾶτον 1 before Pilate To appear before someone means to enter into their authority. Alternate translation: “to be judged by Pilate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 23 2 mtc8 figs-exclusive εὕρομεν 1 We found “We” refers only the Council members, and not to Pilate of any other people nearby. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) LUK 23 2 im4v διαστρέφοντα τὸ ἔθνος ἡμῶν 1 perverting our nation “causing our people to do things that are not right” or “causing trouble by telling lies to our people” LUK 23 2 xsa4 κωλύοντα φόρους…διδόναι 1 forbidding to give tribute “telling them not to pay taxes” LUK 23 2 l68k figs-metonymy Καίσαρι 1 to Caesar Caesar represents the Emperor of Rome. Alternate translation: “to the Emperor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 23 3 z5hu ὁ δὲ Πειλᾶτος ἠρώτησεν αὐτὸν 1 So Pilate questioned him “Pilate asked Jesus” LUK 23 3 ve4s figs-explicit σὺ λέγεις 1 You say so Possible meanings are 1) by saying this, Jesus implied that he is the King of the Jews. Alternate translation: “Yes, as you said, I am” or “Yes. It is as you said” or 2) by saying this, Jesus was saying that Pilate, not Jesus, was the one calling him the King of the Jews. Alternate translation: “You yourself have said so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 23 4 fx7d τοὺς ὄχλους 1 the crowds large groups of people LUK 23 4 s8fi οὐδὲν εὑρίσκω αἴτιον ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τούτῳ 1 I find no fault in this man “I do not find this man guilty of anything” LUK 23 5 yy6w ἀνασείει 1 He stirs up “causes trouble among” LUK 23 5 cr78 ὅλης τῆς Ἰουδαίας, καὶ ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ἕως ὧδε 1 all Judea, and beginning from Galilee, even to this place This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “all Judea. He began causing trouble in Galilee and now is causing trouble here” LUK 23 6 vvp6 ἀκούσας 1 when heard this “heard that Jesus began to teach in Galilee” LUK 23 6 px94 ἐπηρώτησεν εἰ ὁ ἄνθρωπος Γαλιλαῖός ἐστιν 1 he asked whether the man was a Galilean Pilate wanted to know from which area Jesus came because he wanted to have a lower-ranking government official judge Jesus. If Jesus were from Galilee, Pilate could have Herod judge Jesus because Herod had authority over Galilee. LUK 23 6 dr1s ὁ ἄνθρωπος 1 the man This refers to Jesus. LUK 23 7 cbn1 ἐπιγνοὺς 1 When he discovered “Pilate found out” LUK 23 7 mn6i figs-explicit ἐκ τῆς ἐξουσίας Ἡρῴδου ἐστὶν 1 he was under Herod’s authority The passage does not state the implied fact that Herod was the ruler of Galilee. Alternate translation: “Jesus was under the authority of Herod because Herod ruled over Galilee” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 23 7 ay2i ἀνέπεμψεν 1 he sent “Pilate sent” LUK 23 7 i163 ὄντα…αὐτὸν 1 who was himself This refers to Herod. LUK 23 7 ys2n ἐν ταύταις ταῖς ἡμέραις 1 in those days “at that time” LUK 23 8 k9z8 ἐχάρη λείαν; ἦν 1 he was very glad “Herod was very glad” LUK 23 8 z3zz θέλων ἰδεῖν αὐτὸν 1 he had wanted to see him “Herod had wanted to see Jesus” LUK 23 8 gp7u τὸ ἀκούειν περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 he had heard about him “Herod had heard about Jesus” LUK 23 8 vg5u ἤλπιζέν 1 he was hoping “Herod hoped” LUK 23 8 b424 figs-activepassive τι σημεῖον ἰδεῖν ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ γινόμενον 1 to see some sign done by him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to see him perform some kind of miracle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 23 9 hbp3 ἐπηρώτα δὲ αὐτὸν ἐν λόγοις ἱκανοῖς 1 So he questioned him in many words “Herod asked Jesus a lot of questions” LUK 23 9 c8li οὐδὲν ἀπεκρίνατο αὐτῷ 1 answered him nothing “did not reply” or “did not give Herod an answer” LUK 23 10 lpu6 ἵστήκεισαν…οἱ γραμματεῖς 1 the scribes stood “the scribes were standing there” LUK 23 10 hn8g εὐτόνως κατηγοροῦντες αὐτοῦ 1 violently accusing him “severely accusing Jesus” or “accusing him of all kinds of crimes” LUK 23 11 p9yl ὁ Ἡρῴδης σὺν τοῖς στρατεύμασιν αὐτοῦ 1 Herod and his soldiers “Herod and his soldiers” LUK 23 11 qt1c περιβαλὼν ἐσθῆτα λαμπρὰν 1 Dressing him in elegant clothes “put beautiful clothes on him.” The translation should not imply that this was done to honor or care for Jesus. They did it to mock Jesus and to make fun of him. LUK 23 12 b6f1 figs-explicit ἐγένοντο…φίλοι ὅ τε Ἡρῴδης καὶ ὁ Πειλᾶτος ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ μετ’ ἀλλήλων 1 both Herod and Pilate had become friends with each other that day The implied information is that they became friends because Herod appreciated Pilate allowing him to judge Jesus. Alternate translation: “Herod and Pilate became friends with each other that very day because Pilate had sent Jesus to Herod for judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 23 12 x7r8 writing-background προϋπῆρχον γὰρ ἐν ἔχθρᾳ ὄντες πρὸς αὑτούς 1 for previously there had been hostility between them This information is enclosed in parentheses to show that it is background information. Use a format that your audience would understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 23 13 h89l συνκαλεσάμενος τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς, καὶ τοὺς ἄρχοντας, καὶ τὸν λαὸν 1 called together the chief priests and the rulers and the crowd of people “called the chief priests and the rulers and the crowd of people to come meet together” LUK 23 13 d7gn figs-explicit τὸν λαὸν 1 the people It is not likely that Pilate asked a crowd to come. The crowd was probably still there waiting to see what would happen to Jesus. Alternate translation: “the crowd that was still there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 23 14 dh77 τὸν ἄνθρωπον τοῦτον 1 this man This refers to Jesus. LUK 23 14 wsw6 ὡς ἀποστρέφοντα 1 as perverting “saying that he” LUK 23 14 ee53 figs-explicit ἐνώπιον ὑμῶν ἀνακρίνας 1 having questioned him before you “I have questioned Jesus in your presence, and.” It is implied that they were witnesses to the proceedings. Alternate translation: “I have questioned Jesus with you here as witnesses, and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 23 14 e517 ἐγὼ…οὐθὲν εὗρον ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τούτῳ 1 I find no fault in this man “do not think that he is guilty” LUK 23 15 k5gk 0 Connecting Statement: Pilate continues speaking to the Jewish leaders and to the crowd. LUK 23 15 h623 figs-ellipsis ἀλλ’ οὐδὲ Ἡρῴδης 1 But neither did Herod It may be helpful to add information that is not included in the short statement. Alternate translation: “Even Herod does not think he is guilty” or “Even Herod thinks he is innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 23 15 bn7l οὐδὲ Ἡρῴδης…γὰρ 1 neither did Herod, for “nor does Herod, because” or “nor does Herod. We know this because” LUK 23 15 i2ba figs-exclusive ἀνέπεμψεν…αὐτὸν πρὸς ἡμᾶς 1 he sent him back to us “Herod sent Jesus to return to us.” The word “us” refers to Pilate, his soldiers, and the priests and scribes, but not those who were listening to Pilate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) LUK 23 15 gs4m figs-activepassive οὐδὲν ἄξιον θανάτου ἐστὶν πεπραγμένον αὐτῷ 1 nothing that is worthy of death has been done by him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he has not done anything to deserve a death sentence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 23 16 p5wa παιδεύσας οὖν αὐτὸν 1 I will therefore punish him Because Pilate had found no fault in Jesus he should have released him without punishment. It is not necessary to try to make this statement fit logically into the translation. Pilate punished Jesus, whom he knew to be innocent, only because he was afraid of the crowd. LUK 23 18 cx37 writing-background 0 General Information: Verse 19 tells us background information about who Barabbas is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 23 18 v7pf ἀνέκραγον…πανπληθεὶ 1 they cried out all together “All the people in the crowd shouted” LUK 23 18 ib9q figs-explicit αἶρε τοῦτον, ἀπόλυσον δὲ 1 Away with this man, but release “Take this man away! Release.” They are asking him to have his soldiers kill Jesus. Alternate translation: “Take this man away and execute him! Release” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 23 18 i6pj figs-exclusive ἀπόλυσον…ἡμῖν 1 release to us “us” refers to the crowd only, and not to Pilate and his soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) LUK 23 19 vd6b writing-background ὅστις ἦν…φόνον, βληθεὶς ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ 1 He was put into prison…for murder This is background information that Luke gives about who Barabbas was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 23 19 qdv7 figs-activepassive ὅστις ἦν…βληθεὶς ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ 1 He was put into prison This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the Romans had put in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 23 19 zl1f στάσιν τινὰ γενομένην ἐν τῇ πόλει 1 a certain rebellion that happened in the city “trying to persuade the people of the city to rebel against the Roman government” LUK 23 20 vbp4 πάλιν…προσεφώνησεν αὐτοῖς 1 again addressed them “spoke to them again” or “spoke again to the people in the crowd and to the religious rulers” LUK 23 20 t1i2 θέλων ἀπολῦσαι τὸν Ἰησοῦν 1 desiring to release Jesus “because he wanted to set Jesus free” LUK 23 22 iz5v translate-ordinal ὁ δὲ τρίτον εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς 1 Then he said to them a third time “Pilate said to the crowd again, for the third time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LUK 23 22 ck75 figs-rquestion τί…κακὸν ἐποίησεν οὗτος? 1 what evil has this man done? Pilate uses this question to cause the crowd to understand that Jesus is innocent. Alternate translation: “this man has not done anything wrong!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 23 22 de5a οὐδὲν αἴτιον θανάτου εὗρον ἐν αὐτῷ 1 I have found no fault deserving death in him “He has done nothing for which he deserves to die” LUK 23 22 mij1 παιδεύσας…αὐτὸν, ἀπολύσω 1 after punishing him, I will release him As in [Luke 23:16](../23/16.md), Pilate should have released Jesus without punishment because he was innocent. However, he offered to punish Jesus to appease the crowd. LUK 23 22 z7ax ἀπολύσω 1 I will release him “I will set him free” LUK 23 23 k1hh οἱ…ἐπέκειντο 1 they were insistent “the crowd insisted” LUK 23 23 sni4 φωναῖς μεγάλαις 1 with loud voices “with shouting” LUK 23 23 pst8 figs-activepassive αὐτὸν σταυρωθῆναι 1 for him to be crucified This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for Pilate to have his soldiers crucify Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 23 23 pgz9 κατίσχυον αἱ φωναὶ αὐτῶν 1 their voices prevailed “The crowd kept shouting until they convinced Pilate” LUK 23 24 tfw2 γενέσθαι τὸ αἴτημα αὐτῶν 1 to grant their demand “to do what the crowd requested” LUK 23 25 nwd3 ἀπέλυσεν δὲ τὸν…ὃν ᾐτοῦντο 1 He released the one whom they asked for Pilate released Barrabas from prison. Alternate translation: “Pilate freed Barabbas, whom the crowd had asked be released” LUK 23 25 t66f writing-background διὰ στάσιν καὶ φόνον βεβλημένον εἰς φυλακὴν 1 who had been put in prison for rioting and murder This is background information about where Barrabas was at that time. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the Romans had put in prison…murder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) LUK 23 25 z8v8 τὸν δὲ Ἰησοῦν παρέδωκεν τῷ θελήματι αὐτῶν 1 but he handed over Jesus to their will “Pilate commanded the soldiers to bring Jesus to them to do whatever the crowd wanted to do” LUK 23 26 s9kc ὡς ἀπήγαγον αὐτόν 1 As they led him away “While the soldiers led Jesus away from where Pilate was” LUK 23 26 ysu3 ἐπιλαβόμενοι 1 they seized The Roman soldiers had the authority to compel people to carry their loads. Do not translate this in a way that indicates that Simon was arrested or had done anything wrong. LUK 23 26 x5qz translate-names Σίμωνά, τινα Κυρηναῖον 1 a certain Simon of Cyrene “a man named Simon, from the city of Cyrene” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 23 26 i5ua ἐρχόμενον ἀπ’ ἀγροῦ 1 coming from the country “who was coming into Jerusalem from the countryside” LUK 23 26 fub3 ἐπέθηκαν αὐτῷ τὸν σταυρὸν 1 putting the cross on him “put the cross on his shoulders” LUK 23 26 y3p6 ὄπισθεν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 behind Jesus “and he followed behind Jesus” LUK 23 27 nvg3 πολὺ πλῆθος 1 A great crowd “A large crowd” LUK 23 27 ad9f πολὺ πλῆθος τοῦ λαοῦ, καὶ γυναικῶν 1 a great crowd of the people, and of women The woman were part of the large crowd, and not a separate crowd. LUK 23 27 s7gx ἐθρήνουν αὐτόν 1 mourned for him “mourned for Jesus” LUK 23 27 bp3x ἠκολούθει…αὐτῷ 1 were following him This does not mean that they were Jesus’ disciples. It simply means they were walking along behind him. LUK 23 28 s3ka στραφεὶς…πρὸς αὐτὰς 1 turning to them This indicates that Jesus turned to face the women and address them directly. LUK 23 28 nl38 θυγατέρες Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 Daughters of Jerusalem The “daughter” of a city means the women of the city. This was not rude. It was a normal form of address to a group of women from one location. Alternate translation: “You women who are from Jerusalem” LUK 23 28 wi15 figs-metonymy μὴ κλαίετε ἐπ’ ἐμέ, πλὴν ἐφ’ ἑαυτὰς κλαίετε, καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν 1 do not weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children The person is a metonym for what happens to the person. Alternate translation: “do not weep about the bad things that will happen to me. Instead, weep because worse things will happen to you and to your children” or “you are weeping because bad things are happening to me, but you will weep even more when worse things happen to you and your children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 23 29 s9uj 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus finishes speaking to the crowd. LUK 23 29 rd8v ὅτι ἰδοὺ 1 For see This introduces the reason why the women of Jerusalem should weep for themselves. LUK 23 29 bjb7 ἔρχονται ἡμέραι 1 days are coming “there will soon be a time” LUK 23 29 xi9e ἐν αἷς ἐροῦσιν 1 in which they will say “when people will say” LUK 23 29 rat4 αἱ στεῖραι 1 the barren “women who have not given birth to children” LUK 23 29 rgj1 αἱ κοιλίαι αἳ οὐκ ἐγέννησαν, καὶ μαστοὶ οἳ οὐκ ἔθρεψαν 1 the wombs that did not bear, and the breasts that did not nurse These clauses are used to more fully describe “the barren.” Those women neither gave birth nor nursed children. It may be helpful to combine these together with “the barren.” Alternate translation: “the women who have never given birth to children or nursed babies” LUK 23 29 u1x1 ἐροῦσιν 1 they will say This can refer to either the Romans or the Jewish leaders, or no one in particular. LUK 23 30 te1i τότε 1 Then at that time LUK 23 30 gya6 figs-ellipsis τοῖς βουνοῖς 1 to the hills Words are left out to keep the phrase short. Alternate translation: “they will say to the hills” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) LUK 23 31 y238 figs-rquestion ὅτι εἰ ἐν τῷ ὑγρῷ ξύλῳ, ταῦτα ποιοῦσιν; ἐν τῷ ξηρῷ, τί γένηται? 1 For if they do these things while the tree is green, what will happen when it is dry? Jesus uses a question to help the crowd understand that people are doing bad things now in good times, so certainly they will do worse things in the bad times in the future. Alternate translation: “You can see that they are doing these bad things while the tree is green, so you can be sure that they will do worse things when the tree is dry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 23 31 nkk3 figs-metaphor τῷ ὑγρῷ ξύλῳ 1 the tree is green The green tree is a metaphor for something that is good. If your language has a similar metaphor, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 23 31 zt5s figs-metaphor τῷ ξηρῷ 1 it is dry The dry wood is a metaphor for something that will be useful only to burn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 23 32 w8yj figs-activepassive ἤγοντο δὲ καὶ ἕτεροι κακοῦργοι δύο σὺν αὐτῷ ἀναιρεθῆναι 1 Now two other criminals, were also being led away with him to be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The soldiers led away with Jesus two criminals to execute them also” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 23 32 m2nh ἕτεροι κακοῦργοι δύο 1 two other criminals “Two other men who were criminals” or “Two criminals.” Luke avoids saying “other criminals” because Jesus was innocent, even though he was treated as a criminal. Luke calls the other two men criminals, but not Jesus. LUK 23 33 wj2q ὅτε ἦλθον 1 When they came The word “they” includes the soldiers, the criminals, and Jesus. LUK 23 33 i3vx ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτὸν 1 they crucified him “the Roman soldiers crucified Jesus” LUK 23 33 bjr2 ὃν μὲν ἐκ δεξιῶν, ὃν δὲ ἐξ ἀριστερῶν 1 one on his right and one on his left “they crucified one criminal on Jesus’ right side and the other criminal on Jesus’ left side” LUK 23 34 uk4s ἔβαλον κλῆρον 1 they cast lots The soldiers participated in a type of gambling. Alternate translation: “they gambled” LUK 23 34 qbj8 διαμεριζόμενοι…τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ, ἔβαλον κλῆρον 1 dividing up his garments, they cast lots “cast lots to decide who among the soldiers would take home each piece of Jesus’ clothing” LUK 23 35 a2h5 ἵστήκει, ὁ λαὸς 1 The people stood by “The people were standing there” LUK 23 35 kue4 σωσάτω 1 Let him save This refers to Jesus. LUK 23 35 t7mb figs-irony ἄλλους ἔσωσεν, σωσάτω ἑαυτόν 1 He saved others. Let him save himself Luke records the ironic words of the rulers. The only way Jesus could save others was by dying instead of saving himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) LUK 23 35 m3f6 σωσάτω ἑαυτόν 1 Let him save himself “Jesus should be able to save himself.” They said this to mock Jesus. They did not believe he could save himself. Alternate translation: “We would like to see him prove who he is by saving himself from the cross” LUK 23 35 a963 ὁ…ἐκλεκτός 1 the chosen one “the one that God has chosen” LUK 23 36 k8h9 αὐτῷ 1 him Jesus LUK 23 36 q9w9 προσερχόμενοι 1 coming up “coming close to Jesus” LUK 23 36 b3jz ὄξος προσφέροντες αὐτῷ 1 offering him vinegar “offering Jesus vinegar to drink.” Vinegar is a cheap drink that common people drink. The soldiers were mocking Jesus by giving a cheap drink to someone who claims to be a king. LUK 23 37 x5wr figs-explicit εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων, σῶσον σεαυτόν 1 If you are the King of the Jews, save yourself The soldiers were mocking Jesus. Alternate translation: “We do not believe you are the King of the Jews, but if you are, prove us wrong by saving yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 23 38 l5be ἐπιγραφὴ ἐπ’ αὐτῷ 1 an inscription over him “a placard at the top of Jesus’ cross that stated” LUK 23 38 w7aw ὁ Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων οὗτος 1 This is the King of the Jews The people who put this sign above Jesus were mocking him. They did not really think he was a king. LUK 23 39 z9ej ἐβλασφήμει αὐτόν 1 insulted him “insulted Jesus” LUK 23 39 tmy7 figs-rquestion οὐχὶ σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστός? σῶσον σεαυτὸν 1 Are you not the Christ? Save yourself The criminal uses a question to mock Jesus. Alternate translation: “You claim to be the Christ. Save yourself” or “If you really were the Christ, you would save yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 23 39 g6uk figs-irony σῶσον σεαυτὸν καὶ ἡμᾶς 1 Save yourself and us The criminal did not really think that Jesus could rescue them from the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) LUK 23 40 lb4e ὁ ἕτερος ἐπιτιμῶν αὐτῷ 1 the other rebuked him “the other criminal rebuked him” LUK 23 40 nk1r figs-rquestion οὐδὲ φοβῇ σὺ τὸν Θεόν, ὅτι ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ κρίματι εἶ 1 Do you not even fear God, since you are under the same condemnation? The criminal uses a question to scold the other criminal. Alternate translation: “You should fear God, because they are punishing you the same way they are punishing him” or “You must have no fear of God, since you mock him while you are hanging on a cross the same as he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 23 41 qyp6 figs-123person ἡμεῖς μὲν…ἐπράξαμεν ἀπολαμβάνομεν 1 We indeed…we are receiving…we did These usages of “we” refer only to the two criminals, and not to Jesus or the other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) LUK 23 41 i4gm ἡμεῖς μὲν δικαίως 1 we indeed rightly “Truly we deserve this punishment” LUK 23 41 nu35 οὗτος 1 this man This refers to Jesus. LUK 23 42 mht9 καὶ ἔλεγεν 1 Then he said “The criminal also said” LUK 23 42 j9d9 μνήσθητί μου 1 remember me “think about me and treat me well” LUK 23 42 zyv3 figs-metonymy ὅταν ἔλθῃς ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ σου 1 when you come into your kingdom To “come into” a kingdom means to begin to rule. Alternate translation: “begin to rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 23 43 n6w9 ἀμήν, σοι λέγω, σήμερον 1 Truly I say to you, today “Truly” adds emphasis to what Jesus is saying. Alternate translation: “I want you to know that today” LUK 23 43 f1fl τῷ Παραδείσῳ 1 paradise This is the place that righteous people go to when they die. Jesus was assuring the man that he would be with God and God would accept him. Alternate translation: “the place where the righteous people live” or “the place where people live well” LUK 23 44 x7fl ὡσεὶ ὥρα ἕκτη 1 about the sixth hour “about noon.” This reflects the custom at the time of counting hours beginning with daybreak at 6 a.m. LUK 23 44 q4t3 σκότος ἐγένετο ἐφ’ ὅλην τὴν γῆν 1 darkness came over the whole land “the entire land became dark” LUK 23 44 e8zn ἕως ὥρας ἐνάτης 1 until the ninth hour “until 3 p.m.” This reflects the custom at the time of counting hours beginning with daybreak at 6 a.m. LUK 23 45 hjt3 τοῦ ἡλίου ἐκλειπόντος 1 The sun was darkened This does not refer to sundown. Rather, the light of the sun darkened during the middle of the day. Use a term to describe the sun becoming dark rather than the sun going down. LUK 23 45 ssh2 τὸ καταπέτασμα τοῦ ναοῦ 1 the curtain of the temple “the curtain inside the temple.” This was the curtain that separated the most holy place from the rest of the temple. LUK 23 45 ah4k figs-activepassive ἐσχίσθη δὲ τὸ καταπέτασμα τοῦ ναοῦ μέσον 1 the curtain of the temple was torn in two “the curtain of the temple was torn into two pieces.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God tore the temple curtain into two pieces from the top to the bottom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 23 46 z1fq φωνήσας φωνῇ μεγάλῃ 1 crying out with a loud voice “Shouting loudly.” It may be helpful to show how this is related to the events of the previous verses. Alternate translation: “When that happened, Jesus shouted loudly” LUK 23 46 r4ub guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πάτερ 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) LUK 23 46 mix5 figs-metonymy εἰς χεῖράς σου παρατίθεμαι τὸ Πνεῦμά μου 1 into your hands I commit my spirit “The phrase “into your hands” refers to God’s care. Alternate translation: “I entrust my spirit to your care” or “I give my spirit to you, knowing you will care for it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 23 46 k5rv τοῦτο δὲ εἰπὼν 1 Now having said this “After Jesus said this” LUK 23 46 bd6y ἐξέπνευσεν 1 he breathed his last “Jesus died” LUK 23 47 p6lh ὁ ἑκατοντάρχης 1 the centurion This was the title for the Roman officer who was in charge of the other Roman soldiers. He supervised the crucifixion. LUK 23 47 ar1d figs-activepassive τὸ γενόμενον 1 what happened This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all the things that had happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 23 47 c2ti ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος δίκαιος ἦν 1 this man was righteous “this man did nothing wrong” or “this man did not do anything wrong” LUK 23 48 dq99 ὄχλοι 1 crowds large groups of people LUK 23 48 jth1 οἱ συνπαραγενόμενοι 1 who had come together “who gathered together” LUK 23 48 gt8y ἐπὶ τὴν θεωρίαν ταύτην 1 for this spectacle “see this event” or “observe what was happening” LUK 23 48 yq19 figs-activepassive τὰ γενόμενα 1 the things that had happened This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what had happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 23 48 whs7 τύπτοντες…ὑπέστρεφον 1 returned beating “returned to their homes beating” LUK 23 48 ft9q translate-symaction τύπτοντες τὰ στήθη 1 beating their breasts This was a symbol of sorrow and regret. Alternate translation: “hitting their own chests to show that they were sorrowful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) LUK 23 49 xzh8 αἱ συνακολουθοῦσαι αὐτῷ 1 who followed him “traveled with Jesus” LUK 23 49 evb4 ἀπὸ μακρόθεν 1 at a distance “some distance away from Jesus” LUK 23 49 s74u ταῦτα 1 these things “what happened” LUK 23 50 cbj7 writing-background 0 General Information: Joseph asks Pilate for Jesus’ body. These verses give us background information about who Joseph is. It may be helpful to reorder some of this information with a verse bridge, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) LUK 23 50 ud7p writing-participants καὶ ἰδοὺ, ἀνὴρ 1 Now there was a man The word “behold” alerts us to a new person in the story. Your language may have a way of doing this. Alternate translation: “There was a man who was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) LUK 23 50 wx2z βουλευτὴς 1 a council member “the Jewish Council” LUK 23 51 ddr1 figs-explicit οὗτος οὐκ ἦν συνκατατεθειμένος τῇ βουλῇ καὶ τῇ πράξει αὐτῶν 1 He did not agree with the council and their action What the decision was can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “with either the Council’s decision to kill Jesus or with their action in killing him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 23 51 rba6 translate-names ἀπὸ Ἁριμαθαίας 1 He was from Arimathea Here “Judean town” means it was located in Judea. Alternate translation: “the town called Arimathea, which is in Judea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 23 52 tk6r οὗτος, προσελθὼν τῷ Πειλάτῳ, ᾐτήσατο τὸ σῶμα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 He approached Pilate, asking for the body of Jesus “This man went to Pilate and requested the body of Jesus, to bury it.” LUK 23 53 ec9d καθελὼν 1 he took it down “Joseph took Jesus’ body from the cross” LUK 23 53 f5bq ἐνετύλιξεν αὐτὸ σινδόνι 1 wrapped it in a linen cloth “wrapped the body in a fine linen cloth.” This was the normal burial custom at that time. LUK 23 53 yy3n figs-activepassive λαξευτῷ 1 that was cut in the rock This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which someone had cut in a rock cliff” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 23 53 m5wu οὗ οὐκ ἦν οὐδεὶς οὔπω κείμενος 1 in which no one had yet been laid This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “No one had ever before put a body in that tomb” LUK 23 54 tia9 ἡμέρα…παρασκευῆς 1 the Day of the Preparation “the day when people got ready for the Jewish day of rest called the Sabbath” LUK 23 54 b4i1 figs-metaphor Σάββατον ἐπέφωσκεν 1 the Sabbath was about to begin For the Jews, the day began at sunset. Alternate translation: “it was soon going to be sunset, the start of the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) LUK 23 55 pu3i αἵτινες ἦσαν συνεληλυθυῖαι ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας αὐτῷ 1 who had come with Jesus out of Galilee “who had traveled with Jesus from the region of Galilee” LUK 23 55 nhd9 figs-activepassive κατακολουθήσασαι…ἐθεάσαντο τὸ μνημεῖον καὶ ὡς ἐτέθη τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ 1 followed and saw the tomb and how his body was laid This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “walked along behind Joseph and the men who were with him; the women saw the tomb and how the men laid Jesus’ body inside the tomb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 23 56 sm68 ὑποστρέψασαι 1 They returned “The women went to the houses where the women were staying” LUK 23 56 mj6q figs-explicit ἡτοίμασαν ἀρώματα καὶ μύρα 1 prepared spices and ointments Because they had had no time to honor Jesus by putting fragrant spices and ointments on his body on the day he died, they were going to do it on the morning of the first day of the week. Alternate translation: “prepared spices and ointments to put on Jesus’ body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 23 56 uzk9 ἡσύχασαν 1 they rested “the women did no work” LUK 23 56 tk6s κατὰ τὴν ἐντολήν 1 according to the commandment “according to the Jewish law” or “as the Jewish law required.” They were not allowed to prepare his body on the Sabbath according to the law. LUK 24 intro r5qx 0 # Luke 24 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tomb<br><br>The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([Luke 24:1](../../luk/24/01.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter.<br><br>### The faith of the women<br><br>Most of Luke’s original readers would have thought of women as less important than men, but Luke carefully shows that some women loved Jesus very much and had more faith than the twelve disciples had.<br><br>### Resurrection<br><br>Luke wants his readers to understand that Jesus came alive again in a physical body ([Luke 24:38-43](./38.md)).<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Son of Man”<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([Luke 24:7](../../luk/24/07.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br><br>### “On the third day”<br><br>Jesus told his followers that he would become alive again “on the third day” ([Luke 18:33](../../luk/18/33.md)). He died on a Friday afternoon (before sunset) and became alive again on a Sunday, so he became alive again “on the third day” because the Jews said that the day began and ended at sunset, and they counted any part of the day as a day. Friday was the first day, Saturday was the second day, and Sunday was the third day.<br><br>### Two men in bright shining robes<br><br>Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about angels in white clothing with the women at Jesus’ tomb. Two of the authors called them men, but that is only because the angels were in human form. Two of the authors wrote about two angels, but the other two authors wrote about only one of them. It is best to translate each of these passages as it appears in the ULT without trying to make the passages all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md) and [Mark 16:5](../../mrk/16/05.md) and [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md) and [John 20:12](../../jhn/20/12.md))<br> LUK 24 1 b46u 0 General Information: The women ([Luke 23:55](../23/55.md)) return to the tomb with spices to put on Jesus’ body. LUK 24 1 r62f translate-ordinal τῇ δὲ μιᾷ τῶν σαββάτων, ὄρθρου βαθέως 1 Now at early dawn on the first day of the week “Before dawn on Sunday” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LUK 24 1 qg7a ἐπὶ τὸ μνῆμα ἦλθαν 1 they came to the tomb “the women arrived at the tomb.” These were the women spoken of in [Luke 23:55](../23/55.md). LUK 24 1 pen7 τὸ μνῆμα 1 the tomb This tomb was cut in the rock of a cliff. LUK 24 1 w4w1 φέρουσαι…ἀρώματα 1 bringing the spices These were the same spices they prepared in [Luke 23:56](../23/56.md). LUK 24 2 jq9p εὗρον…τὸν λίθον 1 They found the stone “They saw that the stone was” LUK 24 2 l6uk figs-activepassive τὸν λίθον ἀποκεκυλισμένον 1 the stone rolled away This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that someone had rolled the stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 24 2 t4mf τὸν λίθον 1 the stone This was a large, cut, round stone big enough to completely block the doorway to the tomb. It required several men to roll it. LUK 24 3 elq2 figs-explicit οὐχ εὗρον τὸ σῶμα τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ 1 they did not find the body of the Lord Jesus You can state explicitly that they did not find it because it was not there. Alternate translation: “the body of the Lord Jesus was not there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 24 4 ex1u 0 General Information: Two angels appear and begin speaking to the women. LUK 24 4 bmt4 καὶ ἐγένετο 1 It happened that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. LUK 24 5 c11i ἐμφόβων…γενομένων αὐτῶν 1 they became terrified “became afraid” LUK 24 5 n5xf translate-symaction κλινουσῶν τὰ πρόσωπα εἰς τὴν γῆν 1 bowed down their faces to the earth “bowed low to the ground.” This action expresses their humility and submission to the men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) LUK 24 5 fs3y figs-rquestion τί ζητεῖτε τὸν ζῶντα μετὰ τῶν νεκρῶν? 1 Why do you seek the living among the dead? The men use a question to mildly criticize the women for looking in a tomb for a living person. Alternate translation: “You are looking for a living person among dead people!” or “You should not be looking for someone who is alive in a place where they bury dead people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 24 5 x4vy figs-you τί ζητεῖτε 1 Why do you seek Here “you” is plural, referring to the women who came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 24 6 q7zg 0 Connecting Statement: The angels finish speaking to the women. LUK 24 6 awf1 figs-activepassive ἀλλὰ ἠγέρθη 1 but has been raised “but he has been made alive again.” “Raised” here is an idiom for “caused to live again.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because God has made him alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 24 6 s8k5 μνήσθητε ὡς 1 Remember how “Remember what” LUK 24 6 rt89 figs-you ὑμῖν 1 to you The word “you” is plural. It refers to the women and possibly the other disciples in addition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 24 7 sj3u figs-quotations τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ὅτι 1 that the Son of Man This is the beginning of an indirect quote. It can also be translated with a direct quote as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) LUK 24 7 pl6b figs-activepassive τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου…δεῖ παραδοθῆναι εἰς χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων ἁμαρτωλῶν, καὶ σταυρωθῆναι 1 the Son of Man must be delivered up into the hands of sinful men and be crucified The phrase “must be” means this is something that would certainly happen because God had already decided that it would happen. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “it was necessary that they hand the Son of Man over to sinful men who would crucify him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 24 7 e4ca figs-metonymy εἰς χεῖρας 1 into the hands Here “hands” refers to power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 24 7 dta4 translate-ordinal τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ 1 on the third day The Jews counted any portion of a day as a day. Therefore, the day Jesus was raised was the “third day” because it followed the day of his burial and the Sabbath day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LUK 24 8 f2k2 0 Connecting Statement: The women go to tell the apostles about what they found at the tomb. LUK 24 8 rew5 figs-metonymy ἐμνήσθησαν τῶν ῥημάτων αὐτοῦ 1 they remembered his words Here “words” refers to the statement that Jesus made. Alternate translation: “remembered what Jesus said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 24 9 fnh6 τοῖς ἕνδεκα, καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς λοιποῖς 1 to the eleven and to all the rest “the eleven apostles and all the rest of the disciples who were with them” LUK 24 9 iz68 τοῖς ἕνδεκα 1 the eleven This is Luke’s first reference to the eleven, because Judas left the twelve and betrayed Jesus. LUK 24 10 h1ml δὲ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Luke gives the names of some of the women who came from the tomb and told the apostles what had happened there. LUK 24 11 apl7 καὶ ἐφάνησαν ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν ὡσεὶ λῆρος τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα 1 But these words seemed like idle talk to the apostles “But the apostles thought that what the women said was foolish talk” LUK 24 12 e7tt ὁ δὲ Πέτρος 1 Peter, however This phrase contrasts Peter to the other apostles. He did not dismiss what the women said, but ran to the tomb to see for himself. LUK 24 12 rm1d figs-idiom ἀναστὰς 1 rose up This is an idiom that means “began to act.” Whether Peter was sitting or standing when he decided to act is not important. Alternate translation: “started out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 24 12 ax6s παρακύψας 1 stooping down Peter had to bend over in order to see inside the tomb because tombs cut in solid rock were very low. Alternate translation: “bending himself at the waist” LUK 24 12 n1tg figs-explicit τὰ ὀθόνια μόνα 1 only the linen cloths “only the linen cloths.” This refers to the cloths that had been wrapped around Jesus’ body when he was buried in [Luke 23:53](../23/53.md). It is implied that the body of Jesus was not there. Alternate translation: “the linen cloths in which Jesus’ body had been wrapped, but Jesus was not there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 24 12 fxd2 ἀπῆλθεν πρὸς ἑαυτὸν 1 went away to his home “went away to his home” LUK 24 13 a1e3 writing-newevent 0 General Information: Two of the disciples are on their way to Emmaus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 24 13 emc5 writing-newevent ἰδοὺ 1 behold The author uses this word to mark the beginning of a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 24 13 e8gx δύο ἐξ αὐτῶν 1 two of them “two of the disciples” LUK 24 13 s5n1 ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ 1 on that same day “that same day.” This refers to the day when the women found the tomb to be empty. LUK 24 13 d8jk translate-names Ἐμμαοῦς 1 Emmaus This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 24 13 cea7 translate-bdistance σταδίους ἑξήκοντα 1 sixty stadia “eleven kilometers.” A “stadium” was 185 meters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) LUK 24 15 tl6s καὶ ἐγένετο 1 It happened that This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. It starts with Jesus approaching them. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. LUK 24 15 b3sl αὐτὸς Ἰησοῦς 1 Jesus himself The word “himself” emphasizes the fact that the very Jesus they were talking about actually appeared to them. So far the women had seen the angels, but no one had seen Jesus. LUK 24 16 q6nk figs-synecdoche οἱ…ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν ἐκρατοῦντο τοῦ μὴ ἐπιγνῶναι αὐτόν 1 their eyes were prevented from recognizing him “their eyes were kept from recognizing Jesus.” The men’s ability to recognize Jesus is spoken of as their eyes’ ability to recognize him. This can be stated in active form. It is most likely that it was God who prevented them from recognizing Jesus. Alternate translation: “something happened to them so they could not recognize him” or “God prevented them from recognizing him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 24 17 xak8 εἶπεν…πρὸς αὐτούς 1 he said to them “Jesus said to the two men” LUK 24 18 bqc9 translate-names Κλεοπᾶς 1 Cleopas This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) LUK 24 18 qx7m figs-rquestion σὺ μόνος παροικεῖς…ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις? 1 Are you alone visiting…in it in these days? Cleopas uses this question to show his surprise that this man appears not to know about the things that have happened in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “You must be the only person…days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 24 18 e8gg figs-you σὺ 1 e you Here “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 24 19 aj5c ποῖα 1 What things? “What things have happened?” or “What things have taken place?” LUK 24 19 x25r προφήτης, δυνατὸς ἐν ἔργῳ καὶ λόγῳ, ἐναντίον τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ παντὸς τοῦ λαοῦ 1 a prophet, mighty in deed and word before God and all the people This means that God caused Jesus to be mighty and that the people saw that he was mighty. Alternate translation: “a prophet to whom God gave power to do and teach great things that were amazing to all the people” LUK 24 20 a6aw παρέδωκαν αὐτὸν 1 delivered him up “gave him over” LUK 24 20 e5zt figs-activepassive εἰς κρίμα θανάτου, καὶ ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτόν 1 to be condemned to death and crucified him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “in order for the governor to put Jesus to death by crucifying him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 24 21 ei9t 0 Connecting Statement: The two men continue responding to Jesus. LUK 24 21 ljb1 figs-explicit ὁ μέλλων λυτροῦσθαι τὸν Ἰσραήλ 1 the one who was going to redeem Israel The Romans ruled over the Jews. Alternate translation: “who would free the Israelites from our Roman enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 24 21 d52i ἀλλά γε καὶ σὺν πᾶσιν τούτοις 1 But in addition to all these things This introduces another reason why they believed Jesus would not free Israel. Alternate translation: “Now that does not seem possible because” LUK 24 21 xqc3 translate-ordinal τρίτην…ἡμέραν 1 the third day The Jews counted any portion of a day as a day. Therefore, the day Jesus was raised was the “third day” because it followed the day of his burial and the Sabbath day. See how you translated this in [Luke 24:7](../24/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LUK 24 21 sg3g ἀφ’ οὗ ταῦτα ἐγένετο 1 since all these things happened “since all the many actions that led up to the death of Jesus have taken place” LUK 24 22 csz6 0 Connecting Statement: The two men finish responding to Jesus. LUK 24 22 l8dj ἀλλὰ καὶ 1 But also This introduces another reason why it the men did not understand what was happening concerning Jesus. LUK 24 22 a3j9 ἐξ ἡμῶν 1 among us “in our group” LUK 24 22 du1v γενόμεναι…ἐπὶ τὸ μνημεῖον 1 having been at the tomb The women were the ones who were at the tomb. LUK 24 23 m4wy ὀπτασίαν ἀγγέλων 1 a vision of angels “angels in a vision” LUK 24 24 fkw9 αὐτὸν δὲ οὐκ εἶδον 1 But they did not see him “they did not see Jesus” LUK 24 25 r718 αὐτὸς εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς 1 Jesus said to them Jesus is speaking to the two disciples. LUK 24 25 vg3z figs-metonymy βραδεῖς τῇ καρδίᾳ, τοῦ πιστεύειν 1 slow of heart to believe Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s mind. Alternate translation: “your minds are slow to believe” or “you are slow to believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 24 26 n85k figs-rquestion οὐχὶ…ἔδει…τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ? 1 Was it not necessary…his glory? Jesus uses a question to remind the disciples about what the prophets said. Alternate translation: “It was necessary…glory.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 24 26 f8es εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ 1 to enter into his glory This refers to Jesus beginning to rule and to receive honor and glory. LUK 24 27 g4t7 figs-metonymy ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ Μωϋσέως 1 beginning from Moses Moses wrote the first books of the Bible. Alternate translation: “beginning with the writings of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 24 27 vb2e διερμήνευσεν αὐτοῖς 1 he interpreted to them “Jesus explained to them” LUK 24 28 cdj2 αὐτὸς προσεποιήσατο πορρώτερον πορεύεσθαι 1 he acted as though he were going further The two men understood from his actions that he was going on to another destination. Perhaps he kept walking on the road when they turned off to enter the gate into the village. There is no indication that Jesus deceived them with words. LUK 24 29 pn4d figs-hyperbole παρεβιάσαντο αὐτὸν 1 they compelled him You may need to make explicit what they compelled him to do. This is probably an exaggeration to show that they needed to speak with him for a long time before they could change his mind. The word “compel” means to use physical force, but it seems that they persuaded him using only words. Alternate translation: “they were able to persuade him to stay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 24 29 s6ps πρὸς ἑσπέραν ἐστὶν, καὶ κέκλικεν ἤδη ἡ ἡμέρα 1 it is toward evening and the day is almost over The Jewish day ended at sundown. LUK 24 29 tgi6 εἰσῆλθεν 1 he went in “Jesus entered the house” LUK 24 29 p35b τοῦ μεῖναι σὺν αὐτοῖς 1 stay with them “stay with the two disciples” LUK 24 30 k6ud καὶ ἐγένετο 1 It happened that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. LUK 24 30 t2zg τὸν ἄρτον 1 the bread This refers to bread made without yeast. It does not refer to food in general. LUK 24 30 ecm2 εὐλόγησεν 1 blessed it “gave thanks for it” or “thanked God for it” LUK 24 31 h4yr figs-metonymy αὐτῶν δὲ διηνοίχθησαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ 1 Then their eyes were opened Their “eyes” represent their understanding. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then they understood” or “Then they realized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 24 31 q89z ἐπέγνωσαν αὐτόν 1 they recognized him “they recognized him.” These disciples had known him before his death. LUK 24 31 yev2 αὐτὸς ἄφαντος ἐγένετο ἀπ’ αὐτῶν 1 he vanished from their sight This means that suddenly he was no longer there. It does not mean that he became invisible. LUK 24 32 inw4 figs-metaphor οὐχὶ ἡ καρδία ἡμῶν καιομένη ἦν…τὰς Γραφάς? 1 Was not our heart burning…the scriptures? They use a question to emphasize how amazed they were about their encounter with Jesus. The intense feelings they had while talking to Jesus are spoken of as if they were a fire burning inside them. Alternate translation: “Our hearts were burning…scriptures.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 24 32 xy6p ὡς διήνοιγεν ἡμῖν τὰς Γραφάς 1 while he opened to us the scriptures Jesus did not open a book or scroll. “opened” refers to their understanding. Alternate translation: “while he explained the scriptures to us” or “while he enabled us to understand the scriptures” LUK 24 33 d5lv 0 Connecting Statement: The two men go to Jerusalem to the eleven disciples to tell them about Jesus. LUK 24 33 qi47 καὶ ἀναστάντες 1 So they rose up “They” refers to the two men. LUK 24 33 ar2c ἀναστάντες 1 they rose up “got up” or “stood up” LUK 24 33 dw85 τοὺς ἕνδεκα 1 the eleven This refers to Jesus’ apostles. Judas was no longer included with them. LUK 24 34 kyn4 λέγοντας 1 saying “and those people told the two men” LUK 24 35 stf9 καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐξηγοῦντο 1 Then they told “So the two men told them” LUK 24 35 fb1r τὰ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ 1 the things that happened on the way This refers to Jesus appearing to them while they were on their way to the village of Emmaus. LUK 24 35 mnn2 figs-activepassive ὡς ἐγνώσθη αὐτοῖς 1 how Jesus was made known to them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “how they recognized Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 24 35 y3f8 ἐν τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου 1 in the breaking of the bread “when Jesus broke the bread” or “when Jesus tore the bread” LUK 24 36 e8i4 0 General Information: Jesus appears to the disciples. When the two men previously arrived at the house where the Eleven were, Jesus was not with them. LUK 24 36 rt8d figs-rpronouns αὐτὸς 1 Jesus himself The word “himself” focuses on Jesus and the surprise of Jesus actually appearing to them. Most of them had not seen him after his resurrection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) LUK 24 36 q7yl ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν 1 in the midst of them “among them” LUK 24 36 pnl1 figs-you εἰρήνη ὑμῖν 1 Peace be to you “May you have peace” or “May God give you peace!” The word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) LUK 24 37 i2tu πτοηθέντες δὲ 1 But they were terrified “But” indicates a strong contrast. Jesus told them to be at peace, but they were very afraid instead. LUK 24 37 kf17 figs-doublet πτοηθέντες…καὶ ἔμφοβοι γενόμενοι 1 they were terrified, and became very afraid “startled and afraid.” These two phrases mean about the same thing, and are used together to emphasize their fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) LUK 24 37 z4q5 ἐδόκουν πνεῦμα θεωρεῖν 1 thinking that they saw a spirit “thought that they were seeing a ghost.” They did not yet truly understand that Jesus was really alive. LUK 24 37 q9rf πνεῦμα 1 a spirit Here it refers to the spirit of a dead person. LUK 24 38 jj1h figs-rquestion τί τεταραγμένοι ἐστέ 1 Why are you troubled? Jesus uses a question to comfort them. Alternate translation: “Do not be frightened.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) LUK 24 38 ic97 figs-rquestion διὰ τί διαλογισμοὶ ἀναβαίνουσιν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν? 1 Why do doubts arise in your heart? Jesus uses a question to mildly rebuke them. Jesus was telling them not to doubt that he was alive. The word “heart” is a metonym for a persons’ mind. Alternate translation: “Do not doubt in your minds!” or “Stop doubting!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 24 39 a12n ψηλαφήσατέ με καὶ ἴδετε…ἐμὲ θεωρεῖτε ἔχοντα 1 Touch me and see…you see me having Jesus asks them to confirm by touch that he is not a ghost. It may be helpful to combine and reorder these two sentences. Alternate translation: “Touch me and feel that I have flesh and bones that a ghost would not have” LUK 24 39 tf2v σάρκα καὶ ὀστέα 1 flesh and bones This is a way of referring to the physical body. LUK 24 40 qm9p τὰς χεῖρας καὶ τοὺς πόδας 1 his hands and his feet It is understood that his hands and feet contained the nail marks from his crucifixion that would prove it was really Jesus. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the wounds in his hands and his feet” LUK 24 41 hr4f ἔτι δὲ ἀπιστούντων αὐτῶν ἀπὸ τῆς χαρᾶς 1 Now when they still could not believe it because of the joy “They were so full of joy that they still could not believe it was really true” LUK 24 43 tyh4 figs-explicit ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν ἔφαγεν 1 ate it before them Jesus did this to prove that he had a physical body. Spirits would not be able to eat food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 24 43 j8qf ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν 1 before them “in front of them” or “while they were watching” LUK 24 44 tfk8 ἔτι ὢν σὺν ὑμῖν 1 while I was still with you “When I was with you before” LUK 24 44 g76a figs-activepassive δεῖ πληρωθῆναι πάντα τὰ γεγραμμένα…ψαλμοῖς, περὶ ἐμοῦ 1 all that was written…the Psalms must be fulfilled This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God would fulfill all that was written…Psalms” or “God would cause all that was written…Psalms to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 24 44 q7x8 figs-activepassive πάντα τὰ γεγραμμένα ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Μωϋσέως, καὶ τοῖς προφήταις, καὶ ψαλμοῖς, περὶ ἐμοῦ 1 all that was written in the law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms The words “law of Moses,” “the Prophets,” and “the Psalms” are proper names for parts of the Hebrew Bible. This can be stated in active form and using common nouns. Alternate translation: “all that Moses wrote in the law, all that the prophets wrote, and all that the writers of the Psalms wrote about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 24 45 qf61 figs-idiom τότε διήνοιξεν αὐτῶν τὸν νοῦν τοῦ συνιέναι τὰς Γραφάς 1 Then he opened their minds to understand the scriptures To “open the mind” is an idiom that means to enable someone to understand. Alternate translation: “Then he enabled them to understand the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) LUK 24 46 cwr5 figs-activepassive οὕτως γέγραπται 1 Thus it has been written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “This is what people long ago wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 24 46 e75f ἀναστῆναι ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 rise again from the dead In this verse, “to rise” is to come alive again. The words “from the dead” speak of all dead people together in the underworld. LUK 24 46 r2zy translate-ordinal τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ 1 the third day The Jews counted any portion of a day as a day. Therefore, the day Jesus was raised was the “third day” because it followed the day of his burial and the Sabbath day. See how you translated this in [Luke 24:7](../24/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) LUK 24 47 w5j5 figs-activepassive κηρυχθῆναι ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ μετάνοιαν εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη 1 repentance for forgiveness of sins would be proclaimed in his name to all the nations This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Followers of the Christ should preach to people in all the nations that they need to repent and that they need God to forgive their sins through Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 24 47 lty6 figs-metonymy ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ 1 in his name His “name” here refers to his authority. Alternate translation: “by the Christ’s authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) LUK 24 47 w1ha πάντα τὰ ἔθνη 1 all the nations “all the ethnic communities” or “all the people groups” LUK 24 47 wiq7 ἀρξάμενοι ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 beginning from Jerusalem “starting in Jerusalem” LUK 24 48 z5cx 0 Connecting Statement: Jesus continues speaking to the disciples. LUK 24 48 wp38 ὑμεῖς μάρτυρες 1 You are witnesses “You are to tell others that what you saw about me is true.” The disciples had observed Jesus’ life, death and resurrection, and could describe to other people what he did. LUK 24 49 m2lm figs-explicit ἐγὼ ἀποστέλλω τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ Πατρός μου ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς 1 I am sending upon you the promise of my Father “I will give you what my Father promised to give you.” God had promised to give the Holy Spirit. The UST makes this explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 24 49 ynm2 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Πατρός 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) LUK 24 49 c4iv figs-metaphor ἐνδύσησθε…δύναμιν 1 you are clothed with power God’s power will cover them in the same way that clothes cover a person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you receive power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 24 49 l46b ἐξ ὕψους 1 from on high “from above” or “from God” LUK 24 50 bd6p ἐξήγαγεν…αὐτοὺς 1 he led them out “Jesus led the disciples outside the city” LUK 24 50 cm9a translate-symaction ἐπάρας τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ 1 lifting up his hands This was the action that priests performed when they blessed the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) LUK 24 51 dzr3 writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 Now it happened that “It came about.” This introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) LUK 24 51 zx4t ἐν τῷ εὐλογεῖν αὐτὸν αὐτοὺς 1 while he was blessing them “while Jesus was asking God to do good to them” LUK 24 51 clx9 figs-activepassive ἀνεφέρετο 1 was carried up Since Luke does not specify who carried Jesus up, we do not know if it was God himself or one or more angels. If your language would have to specify who did the carrying, it would be better to use “went” instead, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) LUK 24 52 a8vw writing-endofstory 0 General Information: These verses tell us about the ongoing actions of the disciples as the story ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) LUK 24 52 kzy4 αὐτοὶ προσκυνήσαντες αὐτὸν 1 they worshiped him “the disciples worshiped Jesus” LUK 24 52 e4d4 ὑπέστρεψαν 1 and returned “and then returned” LUK 24 53 wa3d figs-hyperbole διὰ…ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ 1 continually in the temple This is an exaggeration to express that they went into the temple courtyard every day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) LUK 24 53 edm3 figs-explicit ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ 1 in the temple Only priests were allowed into the temple building. Alternate translation: “in the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) LUK 24 53 pex4 εὐλογοῦντες τὸν Θεόν 1 blessing God “praising God”