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front:intro axt4 0 # Introduction to Malachi\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Malachi\n\n1:1 Title\n1:2–5 Yahweh will punish the wicked: Edom\n1:6–14 Judeans not bringing acceptable sacrifices\n2:1–9 Priests must teach and apply the law faithfully\n2:10–16 Yahweh is concerned for justice: no divorce\n2:17–3:5 Yahweh is concerned for justice and will punish evildoers\n3:6–12 Judeans not bringing proper tithes\n3:13–15 Yahweh will punish the wicked, despite what Judeans are saying\n3:16–4:6 Yahweh will bless and protect those who fear him\n\nThe overall structure of the book follows a pattern called “chiasm,” which Hebrew writers considered to be particularly elegant in poetry and literature. There are six main parts to this structure. The chiasm pattern is ABCCBA. In terms of theme, the first and sixth parts are found in (1:2–5 and 3:13–15), the second and fifth parts match (1:6–14 and 3:6–12), and the third and fourth parts match (2:10–16 and 2:17–3:5). There is also an excursus, a special message to the priests (2:1–9), and an epilogue telling how the people responded to the message of the book and what Yahweh promised them (3:16–4:6).\n\n### What is the book of Malachi about?\n\nThe book of Malachi contains prophecies that address the Jews who had returned to Judah from exile in Babylon. At that time, the Jews were discouraged even though they had finished building a new temple. The wonderful things that previous prophets had promised for Judah had not yet happened. The Persian Empire still ruled over them. As a result, they no longer were concerned about the law or worshiping Yahweh. These prophecies rebuke the Judeans for not living as the law taught and for not bringing proper tithes and sacrifices. But the prophecies also assure the Judeans that Yahweh will ultimately do everything that he promised to do.\n\n### Who wrote the book of Malachi?\n\nThe description in the book title ([1:1](../01/01.md)) could either be translated “the word of Yahweh to Israel by the hand of Malachi” or “the word of Yahweh to Israel by the hand of my messenger.” The last expression in that sentence also occurs in [3:1](../03/01.md), where the context indicates that it should be translated as “my messenger.” However, the expression could well be the name of the man in the book title. That man would be the prophet who delivered these messages on behalf of Yahweh. However, we do not know anything else about this man—where he lived, what family he came from, etc. Translating the expression as a name is the most common interpretation, and that is the interpretation that the ULT and these notes follow. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to follow the interpretation that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to follow the same interpretation as the ULT.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThis book traditionally has been titled “Malachi” or “The Book of Malachi.” Translators may decide to call it something like “The Sayings of Malachi” or “The Messages that Malachi Brought.”\n\n## Part 2: Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### The “day of Yahweh”\n\nThe book of Malachi speaks about the “day of Yahweh” in 3:2–5 and 3:17–4:6. It also calls it “the day that is coming” and “the day of his coming,” and Yahweh calls it “the day that I am preparing.” All of these are references to the time when Yahweh will come and judge people. He would remove those who have wickedly sinned and bless those who have trusted in him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]])\n\n## Part 3: Translation Issues\n\n### “But you say”\n\nIn each of the six thematic sections of the book, the prophet makes a statement that challenges the people and gets their attention. Its meaning is not immediately clear. The prophet then anticipates how the people will respond. He introduces their likely response with the phrase “But you say” (1:2, 1:6, 1:7, 1:13, 2:14, 2:17, 3:7, 3:8, 3:13). After saying how he expects they would respond, he then explains what his provocative statement meant. This was a common practice of Jewish public speakers in this time period (and also in New Testament times). The phrase “But you say” occurs throughout the book as Malachi anticipates and answers objections. It would be helpful to translate the phrase consistently so that your readers can appreciate the method he is using to challenge the Judeans.\n\n### Yahweh of Armies\n\nThis is an important title of God that is used more than 20 times throughout the book of Malachi. It reminds the listeners of the great power that Yahweh has to judge and punish all nations. Be sure to translate it consistently throughout the book so that your readers can appreciate the emphasis that Malachi places on it. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]])\n\n\n\n
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1:intro b7vm 0 # Malachi 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n1:1 Title\n\n\n1:2–5 Yahweh will punish the wicked: Edom\n\n\n1:6–14 Judeans not bringing acceptable sacrifices\n\n\n\n
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1:1 m3x2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַשָּׂ֥א דְבַר יְהוָ֖ה 1 The editor of the book is speaking as if the **word of Yahweh** were a **burden** that Malachi was carrying. This is likely a reference to the serious nature of what Yahweh told Malachi to say. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The serious word from Yahweh”
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1:1 k9f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דְבַר יְהוָ֖ה 1 The editor is using the word **word** by association to mean what Yahweh said by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh said”
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1:1 p2r7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns אֶל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 Since Malachi is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **Israel**. Alternate translation: “to the Israelites”
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1:1 w5h8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בְּיַ֖ד 1 The author is using one part of Malachi, his **hand**, to mean all of him in the act of bringing Yahweh’s message to the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or plain language. Alternate translation: “through”
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1:1 t6j9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מַלְאָכִֽי 1 These notes follow the interpretation that the word **Malachi** is the name of a man. See the further discussion in the General Introduction to Malachi.
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1:2 uz1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations אָהַ֤בְתִּי אֶתְכֶם֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה 1 In your translation, use a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh says, ‘I have loved you’”
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1:2 l1n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular אֶתְכֶם֙ 1 The word **you** is plural here because Yahweh is addressing the Israelites as a group, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. The words “you,” “your,” and “yourselves” are usually plural in this book when they refer to the Israelites. These notes will indicate any exceptions. The word “you” is always singular when it refers to Yahweh.
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1:2 q7m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם 1 Malachi is probably not quoting an actual response from the Judeans. Rather, he is anticipating an objection, stating it, and then answering it. See the further discussion in the General Introduction to Malachi. Alternate translation: “Now you may object”
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1:2 vkrw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure הֲלוֹא־אָ֨ח עֵשָׂ֤ו לְיַֽעֲקֹב֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וָאֹהַ֖ב אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹֽב 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these phrases so that the speaker, **Yahweh**, is identified before we read the words which he speaks. Alternate translation: “Yahweh declares, “Was not Esau a brother to Jacob? Yet I loved Jacob”
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1:2 x4d6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲלוֹא אָ֨ח עֵשָׂ֤ו לְיַֽעֲקֹב֙ 1 Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Now Esau was Jacob’s brother”
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1:2 b2k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הֲלוֹא אָ֨ח עֵשָׂ֤ו לְיַֽעֲקֹב֙ 1 Yahweh is using the names **Esau** and **Jacob** by association to mean their descendants. Alternate translation: “Are the Edomites not a related people group to you Israelites?” or “Now the Edomites are a related people group to you Israelites”
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1:2 h9f1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations נְאֻם יְהוָ֔ה 1 This phrase indicates that this is a direct quotation from Yahweh. In your translation, use a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh declares”
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1:2 v3r5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns וָאֹהַ֖ב אֶֽת יַעֲקֹֽב 1 Yahweh is referring to the Israelites as a group by using the name of their ancestor, **Jacob**. Alternate translation: “Yet I loved you Israelites”
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1:2-3 xu00 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וָאֹהַ֖ב אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹֽב…וְאֶת־עֵשָׂ֖ו שָׂנֵ֑אתִי 1 Here the author uses a poetic device called a chiasm, which Hebrew writers often used in poetry and literature. The outer phrases **I loved** and **I hated** parallel each other and the inner words, **Jacob** and **Esau** parallel each other. So the pattern is ABBA. If it is possible in your language you should try to retain this order.
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1:3 c7m2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֶת עֵשָׂ֖ו שָׂנֵ֑אתִי 1 The word translated as **hated** does not always indicate a strong antipathy or loathing. In a comparison such as this one, it can mean “loved less” or “favored less.” If it would help your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “but I have not favored Esau or his descendants, the Edomites.”
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1:3 g6n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns שְׁמָמָ֔ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **desolation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “a desolate place”
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1:3 z8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לְתַנּ֥וֹת 1 A **jackal** is a wild dog that lives in the desert. If your readers would not be familiar with what a jackal is, in your translation you could use the name of a similar animal that your readers would recognize, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “desert scavengers”
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1:4 b2tn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כִּֽי־תֹאמַ֨ר אֱד֜וֹם 1 The word **Edom** is another name for “Esau.” Yahweh uses the word **Edom** by association to mean Esau’s descendants. If it would be helpful to your readers you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “Though the Edomites say”
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1:4 y2p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive רֻשַּׁ֗שְׁנוּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Our enemies have beaten us down”
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1:4 f5s1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְקָרְא֤וּ לָהֶם֙ גְּב֣וּל רִשְׁעָ֔ה וְהָעָ֛ם אֲשֶׁר זָעַ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה עַד עוֹלָֽם 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there are not quotations within a quotation. Alternate translation: “And people will say that they are a territory where wicked people live and that they are a people whom Yahweh abhors forever”
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1:4 d9h3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְקָרְא֤וּ לָהֶם֙ 1 Here, **they** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with a different expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun, as modeled by the UST.
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1:4 j1w6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns גְּב֣וּל רִשְׁעָ֔ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wickedness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the wicked territory” or “the territory where wicked people live”
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1:5 a8b3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְעֵינֵיכֶ֖ם תִּרְאֶ֑ינָה וְאַתֶּ֤ם תֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ יִגְדַּ֣ל יְהוָ֔ה מֵעַ֖ל לִגְב֥וּל יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 The words in this verse could: (1) be a continuation of Yahweh’s words that began in the previous verse. If you treat this as a quotation from Yahweh, it may be more natural in your language not to have a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “And your eyes will see, and you yourselves will say that Yahweh is great beyond the border of Israel” (2) the words of Malachi. If you choose this option, you will need to add closing quotes at the end of the previous verse or whatever means your language uses to end a quotation, and use whatever punctuation your language requires to indicate that Malachi is speaking. Alternate translation: “And your eyes will see, and you yourselves will say, “Great is Yahweh beyond the border of Israel””
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1:5 n4t8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְעֵינֵיכֶ֖ם תִּרְאֶ֑ינָה 1 Yahweh is using one part of the Judeans, their **eyes**, to represent all of them in the act of seeing. The emphasis is on their eyewitness experience. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you will see for yourselves”
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1:5 zzu7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person וְעֵינֵיכֶ֖ם תִּרְאֶ֑ינָה וְאַתֶּ֤ם תֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ יִגְדַּ֣ל יְהוָ֔ה מֵעַ֖ל לִגְב֥וּל יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 It may be more natural in your language to have Yahweh speak of himself in the first person rather than in the third person. Alternate translation: “And your eyes will see, and you yourselves will say that I am great beyond the border of Israel!”
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1:6 r2k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְאִם אָ֣ב אָ֣נִי אַיֵּ֣ה כְבוֹדִ֡י וְאִם אֲדוֹנִ֣ים אָנִי֩ אַיֵּ֨ה מוֹרָאִ֜י 1 Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Since I am a father, you should honor me. And since I am a master, you should fear me.”
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1:6 u6v1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שְׁמִ֔י & אֶת שְׁמֶֽךָ 1 Yahweh is using the word **name** by association to mean his reputation and authority. Alternate translation: “my reputation … your reputation” or “my authority … your authority”
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1:7 o3d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֶ֣חֶם מְגֹאָ֔ל 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “food that people have made unfit for sacrifice”
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1:7 q1j6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם בַּמֶּ֣ה גֵֽאַלְנ֑וּךָ בֶּאֱמָרְכֶ֕ם שֻׁלְחַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה נִבְזֶ֥ה הֽוּא 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there are not quotations within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But you ask how you have defiled me. You defile me by saying that you can despise the table of Yahweh.”
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1:7 a3h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive שֻׁלְחַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה נִבְזֶ֥ה הֽוּא 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “One may despise the table of Yahweh”
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1:7 b7c4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שֻׁלְחַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the altar on which the priests offered sacrifices to him were a **table** at which he ate food. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The altar of Yahweh”
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1:8 r8n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְכִֽי תַגִּשׁ֨וּן עִוֵּ֤ר לִזְבֹּ֨חַ֙ אֵ֣ין רָ֔ע וְכִ֥י תַגִּ֛ישׁוּ פִּסֵּ֥חַ וְחֹלֶ֖ה אֵ֣ין רָ֑ע 1 Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “When you present blind animals for sacrifice, that is evil! And when you present lame and sick animals, that is also evil!”
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1:8 g2m7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עִוֵּ֤ר & פִּסֵּ֥חַ וְחֹלֶ֖ה 1 Yahweh is not referring to specific blind, lame, or sick animals. He means animals with these conditions in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “blind animals … lame and sick animals”
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1:8 p9k1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הַקְרִיבֵ֨הוּ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the blind, lame, and sick animals. It may be more natural in your language to use a plural expression. Alternate translation: “Present these animals”
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1:8 y6s3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular לְפֶחָתֶ֗ךָ & הֲיִּרְצְךָ֙ & פָנֶ֔יךָ 1 The words **you** and **your** are singular here because Yahweh is addressing the priests as a collective group. This suits the context, since that is how they were ruled by their **governor**. It may be natural for you to use the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
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1:8 r4f8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲיִּרְצְךָ֙ א֚וֹ הֲיִשָּׂ֣א פָנֶ֔יךָ 1 Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “He certainly will not accept you or lift up your face!”
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1:8 d7h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet הֲיִּרְצְךָ֙ א֚וֹ הֲיִשָּׂ֣א פָנֶ֔יךָ 1 The terms **accept you** and **lift up your face** mean similar things. Yahweh is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “He certainly will not show you any favor at all!”
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1:8 i3l9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom א֚וֹ הֲיִשָּׂ֣א פָנֶ֔יךָ 1 This is an expression that people of this culture would commonly use to mean “show favor.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or show you favor”
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1:9 a9n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וְעַתָּ֛ה 1 The word the ULT translated as **And now** is an expression that was used in messages of this time to introduce important points. If your language has a comparable expression that it uses for this same purpose, you can use it in your translation.
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1:9 t5m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person פְנֵי אֵ֖ל וִֽיחָנֵ֑נוּ 1 Malachi attributes this quotation to Yahweh, but it is something that Yahweh told him to say to the priests. So you could translate it with Malachi as the speaker. However, if you translate it with Yahweh as the speaker, he would be speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be more natural in your language, you could translate it in the first person. Alternate translation: “my face, that I may be gracious to you”
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1:9 s2k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche פְנֵי אֵ֖ל 1 Yahweh is using one part of himself, his **face**, to mean all of him in the act of looking with favor on someone who was praying to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God”
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1:9 e1f6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names פְנֵי אֵ֖ל 1 Malachi is probably using the term **God** here to contrast with the mention of “the governor” in the previous verse. The implication is that if people would not offer inferior gifts to a human being, they should certainly not offer them to God. So here it would be appropriate to use your language’s term for the true God who created the world rather than using the name Yahweh.
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1:9 e8x4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive וִֽיחָנֵ֑נוּ 1 Malachi is using the pronoun **us** to refer to himself and his listeners, so use the inclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction. (If you are treating this as a direct quotation from Yahweh, you may use the plural form of “you.”)
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1:9 p1j6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מִיֶּדְכֶם֙ הָ֣יְתָה זֹּ֔את 1 The pronoun **This** refers to the unacceptable sacrifices. It may be helpful to clarify the referent for your readers. Alternate translation: “These unacceptable sacrifices have been from your hand”
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1:9 s7f2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מִיֶּדְכֶם֙ 1 Malachi is using one part of the priests' bodies, the **hand**, to mean all of themselves in the act of offering sacrifices. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from you”
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1:9 f2g9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns מִיֶּדְכֶם֙ 1 Since Malachi is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **hand**. Alternate translation: “from your hands”
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1:9 i5h9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הֲיִשָּׂ֤א מִכֶּם֙ פָּנִ֔ים 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:8](../01/08.md).
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1:9 r3n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲיִשָּׂ֤א מִכֶּם֙ פָּנִ֔ים 1 Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “He certainly will not lift your faces!” or “He will certainly not show you favor!”
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1:10 u9w2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מִ֤י גַם בָּכֶם֙ וְיִסְגֹּ֣ר דְּלָתַ֔יִם וְלֹֽא תָאִ֥ירוּ מִזְבְּחִ֖י חִנָּ֑ם 1 Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I wish one of you would shut the temple doors, so that you would not kindle useless fires on my altar!”
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1:10 e3m7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit דְּלָתַ֔יִם 1 Yahweh assumes that his listeners will know that by **the doors** he means the doors of the temple. You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the doors of the temple”
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1:10 c8n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns אֶרְצֶ֥ה מִיֶּדְכֶֽם 1 Since Yahweh is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **hand**. Alternate translation: “offerings from your hands”
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1:10 s6p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מִיֶּדְכֶֽם 1 Yahweh is using one part of the priests' bodies, the **hand**, to mean all of themselves in the act of offering sacrifices. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that you give”\n
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1:11 m2t7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִמִּזְרַח שֶׁ֜מֶשׁ וְעַד מְבוֹא֗וֹ 1 Yahweh is using the **rising** and **setting** of the **sun** by association to mean the east and the west. Alternate translation: “from the east to the west”
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1:11 m9r3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism מִמִּזְרַח שֶׁ֜מֶשׁ וְעַד מְבוֹא֗וֹ 1 Yahweh is speaking of two extremes in order to include them and everything in between. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “everywhere in the world”
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1:11 n4f8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy גָּד֤וֹל שְׁמִי֙ & גָד֤וֹל שְׁמִי֙ 1 Yahweh is using the word **name** by association to mean his reputation. See how you translated the same expression in [1:6](../01/06.md). Alternate translation: “my reputation will be great … my reputation will be great”
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1:11 r6qa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis גָּד֤וֹל שְׁמִי֙ 1 The Hebrew text leaves out a verb in this phrase. Many languages require a verb to make this phrase complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply the verb from the context. The verb that needs to be supplied could be: (1) future tense, “will be.” (2) present tense, “is.” Alternate translation: “my name is great”
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1:11 s7h1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לִשְׁמִ֖י 1 Yahweh is using one part of himself, his **name**, to mean all of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to me”
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1:12 p2k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְאַתֶּ֖ם מְחַלְּלִ֣ים אוֹת֑וֹ 1 Here, the pronoun **it** refers to Yahweh’s name or reputation. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “But you are profaning my name” or “But you are making my reputation no more than ordinary”
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1:12 joex rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְאַתֶּ֖ם מְחַלְּלִ֣ים אוֹת֑וֹ בֶּאֱמָרְכֶ֗ם שֻׁלְחַ֤ן אֲדֹנָי֙ מְגֹאָ֣ל ה֔וּא וְנִיב֖וֹ נִבְזֶ֥ה אָכְלֽוֹ 1 If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “But you are profaning it when you say that my table is defiled, and its fruit, its food, is despised”
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1:12 o7j9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שֻׁלְחַ֤ן אֲדֹנָי֙ 1 See how you translated the same expression in [1:7](../01/07.md). Alternate translation: “The altar of the Lord”
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1:12 h3k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֲדֹנָי֙ 1 In the same phrase in [1:7](../01/07.md), the name “Yahweh” is used. Here a title, **the Lord**, is used instead. It may be that in the earlier instance Yahweh is speaking of himself in the third person, while in this instance Yahweh is quoting what the priests would say. (In order not to misuse his name, Jews would use this title instead.) Some versions of the Bible use their representation of the divine name here, since that is what the priests meant. Other versions use the title **Lord** to reflect this Jewish practice and the original text of the book. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
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1:12 a4d7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מְגֹאָ֣ל ה֔וּא 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it is not holy” or “it is nothing special”
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1:12 l5t2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְנִיב֖וֹ 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the altar were a tree that produced **fruit**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what we get from it”
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1:12 e7n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אָכְלֽוֹ 1 Yahweh assumes that his listeners will know that by **its food** he means the food allowance the priests receive from the altar. You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “our food allowance”
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1:12 p9f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נִבְזֶ֥ה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is contemptible”
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1:13 ur5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וַאֲמַרְתֶּם֩ הִנֵּ֨ה מַתְּלָאָ֜ה 1 If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “But you say that it is a weariness”
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1:13 m3h8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הִנֵּ֨ה 1 The priests are speaking as if they wanted their listeners to **Behold** or look at something. They are using this term to focus their listeners’ attention on what they are about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation.
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1:13 x6r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations מַתְּלָאָ֜ה 1 The priests are using a phrase that expresses a strong feeling of tiredness or boredom. There may be an equivalent word or phrase in your language that you can use in your translation to convey this same feeling. You could also state what the priests were feeling. Alternate translation: “what drudgery” or “we are tired of doing this”
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1:13 s2k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְהִפַּחְתֶּ֣ם אוֹת֗וֹ 1 In this culture, to **puff** at something, blowing a small breath at it, was a symbolic action that showed contempt. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this in terms of an action that has the same significance in your culture. You could also state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you sniff at it” or “And you show contempt for it”
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1:13 g7n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun גָּז֗וּל וְאֶת הַפִּסֵּ֨חַ֙ וְאֶת הַ֣חוֹלֶ֔ה 1 Yahweh is not referring to specific **stolen**, **lame**, or **sick** animals. He means animals that have been **stolen** or are **lame** or **sick** in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using plural forms. Alternate translation: “stolen animals, lame animals, and sick animals”
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1:13 iovr גָּז֗וּל 1 The word the ULT translates as **the stolen** could refer to: (1) animals that have been stolen. Alternate translation: “animals that are stolen” (2) animals that have been attacked and as a result are mutilated or torn. Alternate translation: “the torn” or “the injured”
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1:13 xq60 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs- activepassive גָּז֗וּל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “animals that you have obtained by theft”
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1:13 r9t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הַאֶרְצֶ֥ה אוֹתָ֛הּ מִיֶּדְכֶ֖ם 1 Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I will certainly not accept this from you!”
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1:14 e2f7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events וְאָר֣וּר נוֹכֵ֗ל וְיֵ֤שׁ בְּעֶדְרוֹ֙ זָכָ֔ר וְנֹדֵ֛ר וְזֹבֵ֥חַ מָשְׁחָ֖ת לַֽאדֹנָ֑י 1 Yahweh is describing one event before describing another event that would precede it. In your translation, you may wish to relate these events in the order in which they would happen. Alternate translation: “But if someone has a male in his flock and he vows it, but he sacrifices the blemished to the Lord, then that deceiver will be cursed”
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1:14 p8m3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְאָר֣וּר 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But I will curse”
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1:14 e5k1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְיֵ֤שׁ בְּעֶדְרוֹ֙ זָכָ֔ר 1 Yahweh assumes that his listeners will know that by **a male**, he means a healthy, unblemished male animal. You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “if a healthy, unblemished male is in his flock”
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1:14 g3n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מָשְׁחָ֖ת 1 Yahweh is not referring to a specific **blemished** animal. He means blemished animals in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “blemished animals”
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1:14 t7r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person לַֽאדֹנָ֑י & אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these in the first person. Alternate translation: “to me … says, I, Yahweh of Armies”
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1:14 s4h6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וּשְׁמִ֖י נוֹרָ֥א בַגּוֹיִֽם 1 Yahweh is using one part of himself, his **name**, to mean all of him in the act of being feared. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I am feared among the nations because of my reputation”
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2:intro jc2b 0 # Malachi 2 General Notes\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n2:1–9 Priests must teach and apply the law faithfully\n\n2:10–16 Yahweh is concerned for justice: no divorce\n\n2:17–3:5 Yahweh is concerned for justice and will punish evildoers\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### “My covenant was with him, life and peace, and I gave them to him {for} fear” (2:5)\n\nHere Yahweh seems to be alluding implicitly to what he said in [Numbers 25:12–13](../num/25/12.md), that he was making a **covenant** of **peace** establishing Phineas (the son of the first high priest, Aaron) and his descendants in the priesthood permanently. Yahweh did this because Phineas zealously opposed the worship of foreign gods. That is what Yahweh means here by “I gave them to him for fear.” He is saying, in other words, “because he worshiped me exclusively and devotedly.” Yahweh was punishing the Israelites for this idol-worship with a plague that was killing many of them, but he ended the plague because of what Phineas did. So this was a covenant of **peace** (Yahweh was no longer hostile to the Israelites). It was also a covenant of **life** (Yahweh was no longer punishing the Israelites with death). The word **life** may also reflect that this was a permanent covenant that would not end. The notes to [2:5](../02/05.md) suggest ways to translate these statements.\n\n## Translation Issues\n\n### And did he not make one (2:15a)\n\nHere are two views Bible scholars have regarding the correct interpretation of these words. (1) The word **one** refers to the close connection a husband and wife have. Alternate translation: “And did not God make you one with your wife?” (2) The word **one** refers to God. Alternate translation: “And did not the one God make you” \n\n### and a remnant of spirit {was} to him? (2:15b)\n\nHere are two views, among many, that Bible scholars have regarding the correct interpretation of these words. (1) These words mean that a husband and wife are united in body and spirit. Alternate translation: “God made you to become united with your wife in body and spirit” (2) These words mean that the bodies and spirits of a husband and wife belong to God. Alternate translation: “and you and your wife belong to God”\n\n\n### “and one {who} covers over his garment with violence” (2:16)\n\nHere are three views Bible scholars have regarding the correct interpretation of these words. (1) it means that husband and wife Malachi is speaking as if **violence** were a substance with which a person could cover a **garment**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. The idea of complete covering conveys emphasis. Alternate translation: “and one who acts very violently” (2) The word **violence** refers to harsh actions that could include actions other than divorce. Alternate translation: “and one who acts violently” (3) The word **violence** refers to violent or cruel actions which a person conceals. Alternate translation: “and one who conceals their violence”\n
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2:1 j8l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וְעַתָּ֗ה 1 See how you translated the same expression in [1:9](../01/09.md).
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2:2 k2n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹ֣א תִשְׁמְע֡וּ 1 In contexts such as this, the word translated as **listen** has the specific sense of complying with what someone has said. Alternate translation: “you will not obey”
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2:2 o1q7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לֹא֩ תָשִׂ֨ימוּ עַל לֵ֜ב & אֵינְכֶ֖ם שָׂמִ֥ים עַל לֵֽב 1 This is an expression that people of this culture would commonly use to mean to take something seriously or to pay attention to it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will not take it seriously … you are not taking this seriously” or “you will not pay attention to it … you are not paying attention to this”
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2:2 in3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לָתֵ֧ת כָּב֣וֹד לִשְׁמִ֗י 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **glory**, you could express the same idea with a or in some other way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to glorify my name”
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2:2 u4w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לִשְׁמִ֗י 1 Yahweh is using one part of himself, his **name**, to mean all of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to me”
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2:2 v7x3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֤י בָכֶם֙ אֶת הַמְּאֵרָ֔ה 1 Yahweh is speaking as if a **curse** were an object that he could **send**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “then I will curse you”
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2:2 y9z5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְאָרוֹתִ֖י אֶת־בִּרְכֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **blessings**, you could express the same idea in another way. This term could: (1) refer to the blessings that the priests spoke to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “and I will make ineffective what you say to bless the Israelites” (2) have the sense of “gift,” the portion of the people’s tithes, atonement money, and sacrifices that the priests received. Alternate translation: “and I will reduce what the people bring, so that you will receive very few gifts”
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2:2 b1c6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אָרוֹתִ֔יהָ 1 Since the pronoun **it** refers back to **blessings**, it may be more natural in your language to use a plural form. Alternate translation: “I have cursed them”
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2:3 f3h7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הִנְנִ֨י גֹעֵ֤ר 1 **Behold me** is an expression that people of this culture would commonly use to mean that they were about to do something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Now I am about to rebuke”
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2:3 i7k1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification גֹעֵ֤ר לָכֶם֙ אֶת־הַזֶּ֔רַע 1 The author is speaking of **seed** as if it were a living thing that he could rebuke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “making your crops fail”
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2:3 l9n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְזֵרִ֤יתִי פֶ֨רֶשׁ֙ עַל פְּנֵיכֶ֔ם 1 Yahweh is speaking as if he would **spread dung** on the priests’ faces. This is a vivid way of saying that he will humiliate them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will humiliate you terribly”
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2:3 q3s8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פֶּ֖רֶשׁ חַגֵּיכֶ֑ם 1 Yahweh is using the word **dung** by association to mean the entrails of the animals that were sacrificed during festivals. Alternate translation: “the entrails of the animals you sacrifice during festivals”
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2:3 u7w1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְנָשָׂ֥א אֶתְכֶ֖ם אֵלָֽיו 1 Here, **one** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with a different expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “and you will be taken away with it”
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2:4 x9z2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שִׁלַּ֣חְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם אֵ֖ת הַמִּצְוָ֣ה הַזֹּ֑את 1 Yahweh is speaking as if his **commandment** were an object that he could have **sent**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have given you this commandment”
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2:4 b3d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִֽהְי֤וֹת בְּרִיתִי֙ אֶת לֵוִ֔י 1 Yahweh means implicitly that he has given this commandment so that his **covenant** with **Levi** will continue. He says in [3:3](../03/03.md) that he will “purify the sons of Levi” so that they will once again perform their duties “in righteousness.” You could indicate the meaning here explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “so that my covenant with Levi will continue”
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2:4 f7h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֵוִ֔י 1 Yahweh is using the name **Levi** by association to mean the priests who descended from that man and who served in the tabernacle and temple in subsequent generations. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Levi who became priests”
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2:5 j5l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּרִיתִ֣י הָיְתָ֣ה אִתּ֗וֹ הַֽחַיִּים֙ וְהַ֨שָּׁל֔וֹם 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **life** and **peace**, you could express the same idea in another way. See the further discussion in the General Notes to this chapter. Alternate translation: “I made a covenant with him that made conditions peaceful and allowed people to live”
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2:5 n7q1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns הָיְתָ֣ה אִתּ֗וֹ & ל֥וֹ & וַיִּֽירָאֵ֑נִי & נִחַ֥ת הֽוּא 1 Since Yahweh is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form. Alternate translation: “was with them … to them … and they feared me … they were dismayed”
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2:5 r1t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וַיִּֽירָאֵ֑נִי וּמִפְּנֵ֥י שְׁמִ֖י נִחַ֥ת הֽוּא 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “and he had great reverence for me and my reputation”
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2:5 v3x9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche שְׁמִ֖י 1 Yahweh is using one part of himself, his **name**, to mean all of himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “me”
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2:6 y5z8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns בְּפִ֔יהוּ & בִשְׂפָתָ֑יו & הָלַ֣ךְ & הֵשִׁ֥יב 1 Since Yahweh is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form. Alternate translation: “in the mouths of the earlier priests … on their lips … they walked … they turned”
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2:6 c1n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy תּוֹרַ֤ת אֱמֶת֙ הָיְתָ֣ה בְּפִ֔יהוּ 1 Yahweh is using the word **mouth** by association to mean what the priests said. Alternate translation: “He spoke the instruction of truth”
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2:6 d3f5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תּוֹרַ֤ת אֱמֶת֙ הָיְתָ֣ה בְּפִ֔יהוּ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “He taught the people true things”
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2:6 a9d2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְעַוְלָ֖ה לֹא נִמְצָ֣א בִשְׂפָתָ֑יו 1 The people of this culture commonly said that something **was … found** to mean that it existed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and there was no iniquity on his lips”
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2:6 i2h8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְעַוְלָ֖ה לֹא נִמְצָ֣א בִשְׂפָתָ֑יו 1 Yahweh is using the word **lips** by association to mean what the priests said. Alternate translation: “and there was no iniquity in what he said” or “and there was no iniquity found in what he said”
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2:6 m4t9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְעַוְלָ֖ה לֹא נִמְצָ֣א בִשְׂפָתָ֑יו 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **iniquity**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and he did not say things that led people to do what was wrong”
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2:6 a7n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּשָׁל֤וֹם וּבְמִישׁוֹר֙ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **peace** and **uprightness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Peacefully and righteously”
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2:6 a2k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הָלַ֣ךְ אִתִּ֔י 1 Yahweh is speaking of how a person lives as if that were a path that he would **walk** along. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “he lived as I want people to live” or “he lived in fellowship with me”
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2:6 k3l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְרַבִּ֖ים הֵשִׁ֥יב מֵעָוֺֽן 1 Yahweh is speaking as if **iniquity** were a place from which people could be **turned** away. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he influenced many to stop committing iniquity”
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2:6 m1j7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מֵעָוֺֽן 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **iniquity**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “from doing what is wrong”
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2:7 a5n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche שִׂפְתֵ֤י כֹהֵן֙ יִשְׁמְרוּ דַ֔עַת 1 Yahweh is using one part of a priest, his **lips**, to mean all of him in the act of speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a priest, through what he says, should give people better knowledge of how to obey Yahweh”
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2:7 s3h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִשְׁמְרוּ דַ֔עַת 1 Yahweh is speaking as if **knowledge** were something that one could **guard** or protect. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “should preserve and promote knowledge”
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2:7 m6t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns יִשְׁמְרוּ דַ֔עַת 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **knowledge**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “should help people to know how to obey Yahweh”
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2:7 a8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יְבַקְשׁ֣וּ 1 The pronoun **they** refers to people in general. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “people should seek”
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2:7 p7n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְתוֹרָ֖ה יְבַקְשׁ֣וּ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **instruction**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and they should seek to be instructed”
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2:7 a1j6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִפִּ֑יהוּ 1 Yahweh is using the word **mouth** by association to mean what the priest says. Alternate translation: “by what he says”
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2:7 o5q2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person מַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָֽה צְבָא֖וֹת 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “is the messenger of me, Yahweh of Armies”
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2:8 r7s4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְאַתֶּם֙ סַרְתֶּ֣ם מִן הַדֶּ֔רֶךְ 1 See how you translated the similar image in [2:6](../02/06.md). Alternate translation: “But you yourselves have stopped living as I want people to live”
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2:8 m9t2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הִכְשַׁלְתֶּ֥ם רַבִּ֖ים 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the priests had caused people to **stumble** or trip and fall. This image represents leading people to sin. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You have led many people to sin”
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2:8 m2k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בַּתּוֹרָ֑ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **instruction**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “by what you have taught them”
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2:8 a6n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שִֽׁחַתֶּם֙ 1 Yahweh is speaking as if his **covenant** with the priests descended from Levi were something that they had **corrupted**, that is, physically spoiled and made useless, like the crops eaten by pests described with the same term in [3:11](../03/11.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You have failed to fulfill the purpose of”
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2:8 m4h8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַלֵּוִ֔י 1 See how you translated the same expression in [2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Levi who became priests”
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2:9 m7t3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְנֹשְׂאִ֥ים פָּנִ֖ים 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “and you are showing favoritism”
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2:9 i9k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּתּוֹרָֽה 1 Yahweh assumes that the priests will know that in this instance, the expression **the instruction** implicitly means the law of Moses and how the priests have been applying it in individual cases. (Elsewhere in the chapter, the term has a more general meaning.) You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “regarding how you apply the law of Moses”
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2:10 e5n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲל֨וֹא אָ֤ב אֶחָד֙ לְכֻלָּ֔נוּ הֲל֛וֹא אֵ֥ל אֶֽחָ֖ד בְּרָאָ֑נוּ 1 Malachi is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “We all have one father; one God created us!”
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2:10 t1u6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism הֲל֨וֹא אָ֤ב אֶחָד֙ לְכֻלָּ֔נוּ הֲל֛וֹא אֵ֥ל אֶֽחָ֖ד בְּרָאָ֑נוּ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. However, since the first uses an image and the second explains the image, you might keep both phrases in your translation and show how the second explains the first. Alternate translation: “The same God created all of us. And so it is as if we all had the same father”
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2:10 w3y7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַדּ֗וּעַ נִבְגַּד֙ אִ֣ישׁ בְּאָחִ֔יו לְחַלֵּ֖ל בְּרִ֥ית אֲבֹתֵֽינוּ 1 Malachi is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “We should not deal treacherously, a man against his brother, profaning the covenant of our fathers!”
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2:10 z1b4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אִ֣ישׁ בְּאָחִ֔יו 1 This is an expression that people of this culture would commonly use to mean that people were acting against others of their own community. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people against others of their own community”
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2:10 d1f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲבֹתֵֽינוּ 1 Malachi is speaking of the ancestors of the Israelites as if they were the **fathers** of the current generation. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “our forefathers”
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2:11 h1j4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism בָּגְדָ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה וְתוֹעֵבָ֛ה נֶעֶשְׂתָ֥ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּבִירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah are doing treacherous things in Israel and in Jerusalem”
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2:11 l3n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns בָּגְדָ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה & חִלֵּ֣ל יְהוּדָ֗ה 1 Since Malachi is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah have dealt treacherously … The people of Judah have profaned”
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2:11 q5s9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְתוֹעֵבָ֛ה נֶעֶשְׂתָ֥ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּבִירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the people have done an abomination in Israel and in Jerusalem” or “and the people have committed an abomination in Israel and in Jerusalem”
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2:11 u1w4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּבָעַ֖ל בַּת אֵ֥ל נֵכָֽר 1 Malachi is speaking as if foreign gods had **daughters** that the people of Judah could **marry**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. This could mean: (1) that the Judeans have allied themselves closely with foreign gods as their worshipers, as if they had made a marriage alliance the way kingdoms did. Alternate translation: “and has worshiped foreign gods” (2) that Judean men have married foreign women, and this has led them to worship foreign gods. Alternate translation: “and Judean men have married foreign women and begun to worship their gods”
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2:12 x3z7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יַכְרֵ֨ת יְהוָ֜ה & מֵאָהֳלֵ֖י יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב 1 Malachi is describing the people of Israel by association with their ancestor **Jacob**, who was also known as Israel. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh cut off from the tents of the people of Israel”
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2:12 b5d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יַכְרֵ֨ת יְהוָ֜ה 1 The expression **cut off** is one that people of this culture would commonly use to mean to "remove." If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh remove”
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2:12 f9h3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מֵאָהֳלֵ֖י יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב 1 Malachi is using the word **tents** by association to mean the community of **Israel**. Alternate translation: “from the community of Israel”
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2:12 j3l6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations לָאִ֨ישׁ 1 Here the masculine term **man** has a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use language in your translation that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “anyone”
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2:12 n1q4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism עֵ֣ר וְעֹנֶ֔ה 1 Malachi is speaking of two extremes in order to include them and everything in between. He is alluding to a watchman guarding a city at night (**the one being awake**) and someone approaching the city who is responding to the challenge, “Who is there?” (**the one answering**). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “no matter who he is”
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2:13 r3t7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole כַּסּ֤וֹת דִּמְעָה֙ אֶת מִזְבַּ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה 1 Malachi is making an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “weeping profusely at the altar of Yahweh”
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2:13 v5x8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet פְּנוֹת֙ אֶל הַמִּנְחָ֔ה וְלָקַ֥חַת רָצ֖וֹן מִיֶּדְכֶֽם 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Malachi uses them together to emphasize how Yahweh is rejecting the offerings. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “accepting your offerings favorably”
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2:13 y7z1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom פְּנוֹת֙ אֶל הַמִּנְחָ֔ה 1 The phrase **turning to** is an expression that people of this culture would commonly use to mean "to pay attention to" or "to accept something." If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “accepting the offering”
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2:13 c3d6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מִיֶּדְכֶֽם 1 Malachi is using one part of the people, their **hand**, to mean all of them in the act of offering sacrifices. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from you” or “that you give”
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2:14 g1i4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יְהוָה֩ הֵעִ֨יד בֵּינְךָ֜ וּבֵ֣ין אֵ֣שֶׁת נְעוּרֶ֗יךָ 1 In this culture, when people made promises to one another, they often did this with witnesses watching. The role of those witnesses included holding the people to their promises. The Judean men had made covenant promises to their wives when they married them. Malachi assumes that those men will know that when he refers to Yahweh as a **witness**, he means that Yahweh is holding them to those promises. Yahweh is doing that by showing his disfavor through not accepting their offerings. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is enforcing the covenant promises you made to the wife of your youth”
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2:14 k5m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular בֵּינְךָ֜ & נְעוּרֶ֗יךָ & אַתָּה֙ בָּגַ֣דְתָּה & חֲבֶרְתְּךָ֖ & בְּרִיתֶֽךָ 1 Except for the first occurrence of the the word **you**, the words **you**, **your**, and **yourself** are singular in this verse because, even though Malachi is speaking to the Judeans as a group, he is addressing an individual situation. So use singular forms in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
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2:14 o3q6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֵ֣שֶׁת נְעוּרֶ֗יךָ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **youth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the wife you married when you were young”
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2:15 s1u4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְלֹא אֶחָ֣ד עָשָׂ֗ה וּשְׁאָ֥ר ר֨וּחַ֙ ל֔וֹ 1 Malachi is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. See the General Notes to this chapter for a discussion of this sentence. Alternate translation: “After all, he made one, and a remnant of spirit was to him!”
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2:15 yyy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וּשְׁאָ֥ר ר֨וּחַ֙ ל֔וֹ 1 The pronoun **him** refers back to the pronoun **one**, meaning the husband and the wife. It may be more natural in your language to use a plural pronoun. See the General Notes to this chapter for a discussion of this clause. Alternate translation: “and a remnant of spirit was to them”
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2:15 w5y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וּמָה֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ד מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ זֶ֣רַע אֱלֹהִ֑ים 1 Malachi is not asking the question **And why one?** to get information. Rather, he is asking and then answering his own question. This was a common practice of Jewish public speakers in this time period (and also in New Testament times). Alternate translation: “And I will tell you why he made one: he was seeking seed of God”
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2:15 z3b6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession זֶ֣רַע אֱלֹהִ֑ים 1 Malachi is using this possessive form to mean offspring that would be faithful to God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “offspring that would be faithful to God”
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2:15 d5f8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ בְּר֣וּחֲכֶ֔ם 1 Malachi is speaking as if a person’s **spirit** were a physical place where they could be **guarded**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “So be careful about your attitudes”
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2:16 h3j6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְכִסָּ֤ה חָמָס֙ עַל לְבוּשׁ֔וֹ 1 For a discussion of the phrase **covers his garment with violence** and suggestions for how to translate it, see the General Notes to this chapter.
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2:16 sgfm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּ֥ם בְּרוּחֲכֶ֖ם 1 See how you translated this in the previous verse.
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2:17 l7n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּדִבְרֵיכֶ֔ם 1 Yahweh is using the term **words** by association to mean what the people are saying. Alternate translation: “by what you are saying”
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2:17 q9s2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עֹ֨שֵׂה רָ֜ע 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **evil**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the people who do evil things”
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2:17 u3w6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה 1 Malachi is using the word **eyes** by association to mean sight. Sight, by association, represents judgment and perspective. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in Yahweh’s perspective”
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2:17 x7z1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אַיֵּ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַמִּשְׁפָּֽט 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **justice**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Where is the God who judges fairly?”
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2:17 b9d2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אַיֵּ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַמִּשְׁפָּֽט 1 The people are using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “God is not punishing people who do not act justly”
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3:intro wb48 0 # Malachi 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n\n2:17–3:5 Yahweh is concerned for justice and will punish evildoers\n\n\n3:6–12 Judeans are not bringing proper tithes\n\n\n3:13–15 Yahweh will punish the wicked, despite what Judeans are saying\n\n\n3:16–4:6 Yahweh will bless and protect those who fear him\n\n\n\n
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3:1 f5h8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הִנְנִ֤י שֹׁלֵחַ֙ 1 **Behold me** is an expression that people of this culture would commonly use to mean that they were about to do something. See how you translated the similar expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “Now I am about to send”
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3:1 j7l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּפִנָּה דֶ֖רֶךְ לְפָנָ֑י 1 Yahweh is using the word **face** to mean his presence by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present. Alternate translation: “and he will prepare the way for me to be present among you”
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3:1 n3q6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּפִנָּה דֶ֖רֶךְ לְפָנָ֑י 1 Yahweh is speaking of his coming as if it were a journey for which a **way** needed to be prepared. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he will get things ready for my coming”
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3:1 r5t8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הִנֵּה 1 Yahweh uses this word to get the people’s attention. See how you translated a similar use of this word in [1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “pay attention”
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3:2 v7x1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וּמִ֤י מְכַלְכֵּל֙ אֶת י֣וֹם בּוֹא֔וֹ וּמִ֥י הָעֹמֵ֖ד בְּהֵרָֽאוֹת֑וֹ כִּֽי הוּא֙ כְּאֵ֣שׁ מְצָרֵ֔ף וּכְבֹרִ֖ית מְכַבְּסִֽים 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “He will be like the fire of a refiner and like the soap of launderers. So who will be able to endure the day of his coming? And who will be able to stand when he appears?”
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3:2 y1z4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וּמִ֤י מְכַלְכֵּל֙ אֶת י֣וֹם בּוֹא֔וֹ וּמִ֥י הָעֹמֵ֖ד בְּהֵרָֽאוֹת֑וֹ 1 Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to endure the day of his coming! No one will be able to stand when he appears!”
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3:2 c5d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וּמִ֤י מְכַלְכֵּל֙ אֶת י֣וֹם בּוֹא֔וֹ וּמִ֥י הָעֹמֵ֖ד בְּהֵרָֽאוֹת֑וֹ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. It may be clearer in your language to connect the phrases with a word other than "and" in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to endure the day of his coming! Indeed, no one will be able to stand when he appears!”
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3:2 g3i6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הָעֹמֵ֖ד 1 Yahweh is using the image of **standing** to speak of a person being declared innocent. The idea is that if he were declared guilty, that would be like a weight too heavy for the person to carry, and the person would sink down under it. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be declared innocent”
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3:2 k7m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile הוּא֙ כְּאֵ֣שׁ מְצָרֵ֔ף וּכְבֹרִ֖ית מְכַבְּסִֽים 1 The point of this comparison is that just as fire refines metal and soap cleans clothes, so the messenger will purify the people, that is, he will help them forsake the sins they have been committing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “just as fire refines metal and soap cleans clothes, he will purify people by helping them stop sinning”
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3:3 o5q8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְיָשַׁ֨ב מְצָרֵ֤ף וּמְטַהֵר֙ כֶּ֔סֶף 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the messenger were going to be a metalworker who was **refining** and **purifying** precious metals. Since he expresses this same image as a comparison in the next clause, you may wish to present it as a comparison here as well. Alternate translation: “Yes, in that way he will be like someone who sits refining and purifying silver”
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3:3 s3u6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶת בְּנֵֽי לֵוִי֙ 1 Yahweh is speaking as if these priests were the **sons** of their ancestor **Levi**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Levi who are priests”
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3:3 w7y1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וְזִקַּ֣ק אֹתָ֔ם כַּזָּהָ֖ב וְכַכָּ֑סֶף 1 The point of this comparison is that just as gold and silver are refined to remove impurities, so the messenger will purify the people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “and he will purify the people from sin just as gold and silver are refined to remove impurities from them”
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3:4 z5b8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns מִנְחַ֥ת יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם 1 Since Yahweh is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form. Alternate translation: “the offerings of the people of Judah and Jerusalem”
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3:4 d7f1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet כִּימֵ֣י עוֹלָ֔ם וּכְשָׁנִ֖ים קַדְמֹנִיּֽוֹת 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “as in the past”
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3:5 h5j8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result בַּֽמְכַשְּׁפִים֙ וּבַמְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים וּבַנִּשְׁבָּעִ֖ים לַשָּׁ֑קֶר וּבְעֹשְׁקֵ֣י שְׂכַר שָׂ֠כִיר אַלְמָנָ֨ה וְיָת֤וֹם וּמַטֵּי גֵר֙ וְלֹ֣א יְרֵא֔וּנִי 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “against those who, because they do not fear me, are sorcerers or adulterers or swear to a lie or oppress the wage of the hired worker, the widow, and the orphan or turn aside the foreigner”
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3:5 l1n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לַמִּשְׁפָּט֒ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “as a judge”
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3:5 q3s6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְהָיִ֣יתִי עֵ֣ד מְמַהֵ֗ר בַּֽמְכַשְּׁפִים֙ וּבַמְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים וּבַנִּשְׁבָּעִ֖ים לַשָּׁ֑קֶר וּבְעֹשְׁקֵ֣י שְׂכַר שָׂ֠כִיר אַלְמָנָ֨ה וְיָת֤וֹם וּמַטֵּי גֵר֙ 1 Yahweh is using the idea of being a **witness** to represent the entire process of judging and punishing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And I will declare people guilty and punish them for what they have done wrong, including sorcerers, adulterers, those who swear to a lie, those who oppress the wage of the hired worker, the widow, and the orphan, and those who turn aside the foreigner”
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3:5 u5w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וּבְעֹשְׁקֵ֣י שְׂכַר 1 Yahweh is speaking of **wage** as if it were a person who could be oppressed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and against those who do not pay fair wages to”
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3:5 x1z4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun שָׂ֠כִיר אַלְמָנָ֨ה וְיָת֤וֹם & גֵר֙ 1 Here, **the hired worker** and **the widow** and **the orphan** and **the foreigner** represent hired workers, widows, orphans, and foreigners in general, not a specific **hired worker** or **widow** or **orphan** or **foreigner**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “hired workers, widows, orphans … foreigners”
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3:5 b3d6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּמַטֵּי גֵר֙ 1 Yahweh is speaking of denying justice to foreigners as if people who did that were **turning** them **aside** from a road they were walking on and needed to stay on. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and those who deny justice to foreigners”
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3:6 f7h1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֣א שָׁנִ֑יתִי וְאַתֶּ֥ם בְּנֵֽי יַעֲקֹ֖ב לֹ֥א כְלִיתֶֽם 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate the double negatives **do not change** and **have not come to an end**. Alternate translation: “It is only because I, Yahweh, have remained the same that you, sons of Jacob, are still a people group”
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3:6 j1l4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹ֣א שָׁנִ֑יתִי 1 Yahweh assumes that the Judeans will understand that when he says that he does **not change**, he means that he always keeps his promises. He promised Abraham that he would bless his descendants, and so he is still taking care of them, even though they have been disobedient. You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “always keep my promises” or “intend to keep my promise to Abraham to bless his descendants”
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3:6 n5q8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵֽי יַעֲקֹ֖ב 1 Yahweh is speaking of the Israelites as if they were the **sons** of their ancestor Jacob. See how you translated the similar expression in [3:3](../03/03.md). Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob”
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3:7 r7t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֜ם 1 Yahweh is speaking of the ancestors of the Israelites as if they were the literal **fathers** of the current generation. Alternate translation: “forefathers”
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3:7 v1x4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet סַרְתֶּ֤ם מֵֽחֻקַּי֙ וְלֹ֣א שְׁמַרְתֶּ֔ם 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh uses them together to emphasize how the people have disobeyed him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “you have completely disobeyed my statutes”
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3:7 y3z6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor סַרְתֶּ֤ם מֵֽחֻקַּי֙ 1 Yahweh is speaking of disobeying his **statutes** as if that were turning **aside** from a path on which one needed to walk. Alternate translation: “you have disobeyed my statutes”
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3:7 c7d1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם בַּמֶּ֥ה נָשֽׁוּב 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But you ask how you should return”
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3:8 g5i8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲיִקְבַּ֨ע אָדָ֜ם אֱלֹהִ֗ים כִּ֤י אַתֶּם֙ קֹבְעִ֣ים אֹתִ֔י 1 Yahweh is not asking the question **Will a human rob God?** to get information. Rather, he is asking and then answering his own question. See how you translated the similar instance in [2:15](../02/15.md). Alternate translation: “It does not seem that a human would dare to rob God, yet you are robbing me”
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3:8 k1m4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם בַּמֶּ֣ה קְבַעֲנ֑וּךָ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But you ask how you have robbed me”
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3:8 o7q1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis הַֽמַּעֲשֵׂ֖ר וְהַתְּרוּמָֽה 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “You have robbed me in the tithe and the contribution”
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3:9 s5u8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result בַּמְּאֵרָה֙ אַתֶּ֣ם נֵֽאָרִ֔ים וְאֹתִ֖י אַתֶּ֣ם קֹבְעִ֑ים 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Because you are robbing me, you are cursed with a curse”
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3:9 w1y4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בַּמְּאֵרָה֙ אַתֶּ֣ם נֵֽאָרִ֔ים 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I have cursed you with a curse”
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3:9 z7b1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry בַּמְּאֵרָה֙ אַתֶּ֣ם נֵֽאָרִ֔ים 1 For emphasis, Yahweh is using a construction in which a verb and its object come from the same root. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “You are solemnly cursed” or “I have solemnly cursed you”
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3:9 d1f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הַגּ֖וֹי כֻּלּֽוֹ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the nation of Israel and specifically to the Judeans of that nationality whom Yahweh is addressing. Since Yahweh is addressing them directly, it may be more natural in your language to use the pronoun “you.” Alternate translation: “the nation, all of you” or “every one of you Israelites”
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3:10 h7j1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בֵּ֣ית הָאוֹצָ֗ר 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **treasure**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the temple treasury”
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3:10 m001 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor טֶ֨רֶף֙ בְּבֵיתִ֔י 1 Yahweh is speaking of the temple as if it were his **house**. Alternate translation: “provision for the priests who serve in my temple”
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3:10 q5s8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אִם לֹ֧א אֶפְתַּ֣ח לָכֶ֗ם אֵ֚ת אֲרֻבּ֣וֹת הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַהֲרִיקֹתִ֥י לָכֶ֛ם בְּרָכָ֖ה 1 Yahweh is speaking of giving blessings as if he were opening windows in the sky and pouring them out. Alternate translation: “if I will not give you abundant blessings”
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3:10 m002 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּרָכָ֖ה 1 Yahweh assumes that the people will understand that by **a blessing** he means abundant crops. You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “abundant crops”
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3:10 x3z6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עַד בְּלִי דָֽי 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **sufficiency**, you could express the same idea in another way. Yahweh is not saying that there will not be sufficient crops; he means that there will be so many crops that the storehouses of the Judeans will not be sufficient to contain them. Alternate translation: “until you no longer have sufficient room to contain it”
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3:11 m003 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְגָעַרְתִּ֤י לָכֶם֙ בָּֽאֹכֵ֔ל 1 Yahweh is not speaking about a specific **devourer**, that is, not about a specific insect or animal that would eat the Judeans’ crops. He means such pests in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “And I will rebuke the devourers for you” or “And I will rebuke the pests that would eat your crops”
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3:11 f1h4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְגָעַרְתִּ֤י לָכֶם֙ בָּֽאֹכֵ֔ל 1 Yahweh is speaking of pests as if they were a person he could **rebuke**. Alternate translation: “And I will keep pests from eating your crops”
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3:11 m004 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶת פְּרִ֣י הָאֲדָמָ֑ה 1 Yahweh is speaking of crops as if they were the **fruit** of the ground. Alternate translation: “the crops that grow from the ground”
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3:11 m005 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְלֹא תְשַׁכֵּ֨ל לָכֶ֤ם הַגֶּ֨פֶן֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה 1 Yahweh is speaking of vines as if they were women who could be **barren** or unable to have children. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And your vines will steadily produce grapes”
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3:12 r1t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֶ֣רֶץ חֵ֔פֶץ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **delight**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “a land that delights people”
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3:13 v3x6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חָזְק֥וּ עָלַ֛י דִּבְרֵיכֶ֖ם 1 Yahweh is using the term **words** by association to mean what the people have been saying. Alternate translation: “You have been speaking strongly against me”
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3:13 m006 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֕ם מַה נִּדְבַּ֖רְנוּ עָלֶֽיךָ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But you ask what you have spoken among yourselves against me”
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3:14 c1d4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes אֲמַרְתֶּ֕ם שָׁ֖וְא עֲבֹ֣ד אֱלֹהִ֑ים וּמַה בֶּ֗צַע כִּ֤י שָׁמַ֨רְנוּ֙ מִשְׁמַרְתּ֔וֹ וְכִ֤י הָלַ֨כְנוּ֙ קְדֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית מִפְּנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “You have said that it is worthless to serve God, and you have asked how it has profited you that you have kept his charge and that you have walked mournfully to the face of Yahweh of Armies”
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3:14 g7i1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הָלַ֨כְנוּ֙ 1 Yahweh is speaking of how the people have lived as if they had **walked** on a path. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “we have lived”
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3:14 k3m6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִפְּנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת 1 The people are using the word **face** to mean presence by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh of Armies”
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3:15 o1q4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְעַתָּ֕ה אֲנַ֖חְנוּ מְאַשְּׁרִ֣ים זֵדִ֑ים גַּם נִבְנוּ֙ עֹשֵׂ֣י רִשְׁעָ֔ה גַּ֧ם בָּחֲנ֛וּ אֱלֹהִ֖ים וַיִּמָּלֵֽטוּ 1 If you decided to translate the previous verse so that there would not be a quotation within a quotation, you can do the same thing here. Alternate translation: “You have said that you yourselves are blessing the arrogant. You say that even doers of wickedness are built up, they even test God and escape”
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3:15 s7u1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נִבְנוּ֙ עֹשֵׂ֣י רִשְׁעָ֔ה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “doers of wickedness gain in stature”
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3:15 w3y6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עֹשֵׂ֣י רִשְׁעָ֔ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wickedness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “people who do wicked things”
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3:16 m007 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אִ֣ישׁ אֶת רֵעֵ֑הוּ 1 This is an expression that people of this culture would commonly use to describe people speaking with one another. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “discussing things with one another”
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3:16 d3f6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet וַיַּקְשֵׁ֤ב יְהוָה֙ וַיִּשְׁמָ֔ע 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The author uses them together to emphasize how closely Yahweh listened. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh paid close attention as they spoke”
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3:16 m008 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַ֠יִּכָּתֵב סֵ֣פֶר זִכָּר֤וֹן 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And those people wrote a book of remembrance”
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3:16 l5n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְפָנָיו֙ 1 The author is using the word **face** to mean presence by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present. Alternate translation: “in his presence”
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3:16 q7s1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism לְיִרְאֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וּלְחֹשְׁבֵ֖י שְׁמֽוֹ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “for the ones who feared Yahweh and esteemed his name”
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3:16 m009 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּלְחֹשְׁבֵ֖י שְׁמֽוֹ 1 The author is using the word **name** to represent Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “and for the ones who were concerned for the honor of his reputation”
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3:17 x5z8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְהָ֣יוּ לִ֗י אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת & סְגֻלָּ֑ה 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **possession**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: ““And I will possess them” says Yahweh of Armies, “in a special way”
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3:17 b7d1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַיּ֕וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י עֹשֶׂ֣ה 1 Yahweh speaks as if he is **preparing** a **day**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at the time when I act, as I am now preparing to do”
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3:17 f3h6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ 1 The point of this comparison is that **just as** a father tenderly cares for his son who serves him, so Yahweh will tenderly care for those who serve him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the same way that”
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3:18 m010 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְשַׁבְתֶּם֙ וּרְאִיתֶ֔ם 1 This is an expression that people of this culture would commonly use to mean to seeing something again. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you will see once again”
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3:18 m011 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְשַׁבְתֶּם֙ וּרְאִיתֶ֔ם 1 Yahweh assumes that the people will understand that by **see**, he means acknowledge. You could say that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And once again you will acknowledge”
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3:18 r3t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בֵּ֥ין צַדִּ֖יק לְרָשָׁ֑ע 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “that there is a difference between the righteous and the wicked”
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3:18 m012 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism בֵּ֥ין צַדִּ֖יק לְרָשָׁ֑ע בֵּ֚ין עֹבֵ֣ד אֱלֹהִ֔ים לַאֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֥א עֲבָדֽוֹ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “between the righteous, who serve God, and the wicked, who do not serve him”
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3:18 m013 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj צַדִּ֖יק לְרָשָׁ֑ע 1 Yahweh is using the adjectives **righteous** and **wicked** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these adjectives with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “righteous people and wicked people”
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4:intro azp5 0 # Malachi 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n\n3:16–4:6 Yahweh will bless and protect those who fear him\n\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n\n### “I am sending to you Elijah the prophet” (4:5)\n\n\nWhile Malachi’s listeners and later generations of Jews may have expected this prophecy to be fulfilled by the return of Elijah himself, Jesus explained that it was fulfilled through the life and witness of John the Baptist ([Matthew 17:10–13](../mat/17/10.md)).\n\n\n\n
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4:1 a1c3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הִנֵּ֤ה 1 Yahweh is speaking as if he wanted his listeners to **behold** or look at something. He is using this term to focus his listeners’ attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation.
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4:1 e9g2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בֹּעֵ֖ר כַּתַּנּ֑וּר וְהָי֨וּ כָל־זֵדִ֜ים וְכָל־עֹשֵׂ֤ה רִשְׁעָה֙ קַ֔שׁ 1 Yahweh is speaking of the day of judgment as if it were an **oven** that would be **burning** people. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this image as a comparison. Alternate translation: “when I will destroy all of the arrogant people and all of the doers of wickedness as if they were stubble being burned in an oven”
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4:1 i3k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj כָל זֵדִ֜ים 1 Yahweh is using the adjective **arrogant** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this adjective with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “all arrogant people”
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4:1 m5o9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְכָל עֹשֵׂ֤ה רִשְׁעָה֙ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wickedness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “all of the people who do wicked things”
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4:1 q1s4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְהָי֨וּ כָל־זֵדִ֜ים וְכָל־עֹשֵׂ֤ה רִשְׁעָה֙ קַ֔שׁ 1 Yahweh is speaking of wicked people as if they were **stubble** that his judgment would **kindle** and burn up. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this image as a comparison. Alternate translation: “when all of the arrogant and all of the doers of wickedness will be completely destroyed, as if they were stubble that was burned up”
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4:1 u7w2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism לָהֶ֖ם שֹׁ֥רֶשׁ וְעָנָֽף 1 Yahweh is speaking of two extremes in order to include them and everything in between. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “any part of them remaining”
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4:2 y3a6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְזָרְחָ֨ה לָכֶ֜ם יִרְאֵ֤י שְׁמִי֙ שֶׁ֣מֶשׁ צְדָקָ֔ה 1 Yahweh is speaking as if **righteousness** were the **sun** and that it would **rise** over the **fearers** of his **name**. He means that he will establish his righteous rule so that those who obey him are vindicated, honored, and blessed. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this image as a comparison. Alternate translation: “But when I establish my righteous rule, you who fear my name will be honored as if the sun were shining brightly on you”
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4:2 c9e1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche יִרְאֵ֤י שְׁמִי֙ 1 Yahweh is using his **name** to represent all of him. Alternate translation: “who fear me”
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4:2 m014 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּמַרְפֵּ֖א בִּכְנָפֶ֑יהָ 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the **sun** had **wings**. He is using the image to speak of the arrival of the sun, which represents the effects of his establishing his reign. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and it will bring healing to you”
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4:2 m015 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וִֽיצָאתֶ֥ם וּפִשְׁתֶּ֖ם 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the people would be so happy that they would **go out** and **skip**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you will be very joyful”
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4:2 o7q2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּעֶגְלֵ֥י מַרְבֵּֽק 1 The point of this comparison is that just as calves that have been kept in a stall are very playful when they are let out, so the people will act very joyfully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “and feel as playful as calves that have been let out of their stall”
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4:3 m016 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְעַסּוֹתֶ֣ם רְשָׁעִ֔ים כִּֽי יִהְי֣וּ אֵ֔פֶר תַּ֖חַת כַּפּ֣וֹת רַגְלֵיכֶ֑ם 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “The wicked will be like ashes under the soles of your feet, so you will trample them”
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4:3 w9y1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְעַסּוֹתֶ֣ם רְשָׁעִ֔ים 1 Yahweh is speaking of the people’s victory over the wicked as if they would **trample** them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you will be triumphant over the wicked”
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4:3 m017 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj רְשָׁעִ֔ים 1 Yahweh is using the adjective **wicked** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this adjective with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “wicked people”
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4:3 m018 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כִּֽי יִהְי֣וּ אֵ֔פֶר תַּ֖חַת כַּפּ֣וֹת רַגְלֵיכֶ֑ם 1 Yahweh is speaking of the complete defeat of the wicked as if they literally become **ashes** under the people’s feet. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for you will defeat them completely”
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4:3 j7l2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בַּיּוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲנִ֣י עֹשֶׂ֔ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:17](../03/17.md). Alternate translation: “at the time when I act, as I am now preparing to do”
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4:4 n3p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy זִכְר֕וּ 1 Yahweh is using the word **Remember** to mean obey by association with the way people need to remember something in order to obey it. Alternate translation: “Obey”
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4:4 r9t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism חֻקִּ֖ים וּמִשְׁפָּטִֽים 1 Yahweh is speaking of two types of laws in order to include them and all other types of laws. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “including all of its laws”
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4:5 m019 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הִנֵּ֤ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [4:1](../04/01.md). Alternate translation (ending with a period): “Pay attention to what I am about to say.”
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4:5 c7di rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֗י בּ֚וֹא 1 Malachi is using the phrase **to the face** to represent what is in front of someone or something. Here, the thing is a **day** that is described as though it were a person who is **coming**, so what is in front of the day is there before the day arrives. Therefore, **to the face of the coming of** means “before the coming of” the day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before the coming of”
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4:5 m020 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה הַגָּד֖וֹל וְהַנּוֹרָֽא 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “my great and fearsome day”
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4:6 d7f2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְהֵשִׁ֤יב לֵב אָבוֹת֙ עַל בָּנִ֔ים וְלֵ֥ב בָּנִ֖ים עַל אֲבוֹתָ֑ם 1 Here the masculine terms **fathers** and **sons** have a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use language in your translation that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “And he will turn the heart of parents to their children and the heart of children to their parents”
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4:6 m021 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְהֵשִׁ֤יב לֵב־אָבוֹת֙ עַל־בָּנִ֔ים וְלֵ֥ב בָּנִ֖ים עַל־אֲבוֹתָ֑ם 1 This is an expression that people of this culture would commonly use to mean "to reconcile people to one another." If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And he will reconcile fathers to their sons”
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4:6 l9n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְלֵ֥ב בָּנִ֖ים עַל־אֲבוֹתָ֑ם 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he will turn the heart of the sons to their fathers”
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4:6 p5r8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns לֵב & וְלֵ֥ב 1 Since Yahweh is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **heart**. Alternate translation: “the hearts of … and the hearts of”
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