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front:intro bs9v 0 # Introduction to 2 Samuel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of 2 Samuel\n\n1. The first years of David’s reign (1:1–7:29)\n * Saul is killed; David is kind to Ishbosheth (1:1–4:12)\n * David defeats the Philistines (5:1–25)\n * Victories, the ark, the house of God (6:1–7:29)\n1. David extends his rule to all the Promised Land (8:1–10:19)\n1. David’s sin with Bathsheba (11:1–12:31)\n1. Amnon and Tamar; Absalom kills Amnon (13:1–14:33)\n1. The later years of David’s reign (15:1–24:25)\n * Absalom rebels and is killed (15:1–18:33)\n * David’s kingdom restored (19:1–20:26)\n * Famine and warfare (21:1–14)\n * David’s song of praise (22:1–23:7)\n * David’s mighty men (23:8–39)\n * Yahweh judges David’s sin of numbering the people; the plague stopped (24:1–25)\n\n### What is the Book of 2 Samuel about?\n\nThis book is about David ruling as king over Israel. He first ruled over the tribe of Judah for seven years. Then the other eleven tribes agreed to have him become their king. He ruled over all Israel for thirty-three years.\n\nThroughout this time, David led his army to fight foreign enemies who attacked Israel. However, he struggled the most against someone in his own family. Absalom, his son, rebelled and fought against him ([2 Samuel 13–19](../13/01.md)).\n\nThe Book of 2 Samuel also tells about when David sinned greatly. He slept with Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah the Hittite. When she became pregnant, David arranged for Uriah to be killed in battle. David and all Israel suffered much because of David’s sin. However, the writer also tells of Yahweh repeatedly showing David grace and love after David repented of his sin.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nTranslators can use the traditional title “2 Samuel,” or “Second Samuel.” Or translators may consider a clearer title such as “The Second Book about Samuel, Saul, and David.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### What was the purpose of the Book of 2 Samuel?\n\nThe Book of 2 Samuel begins where 1 Samuel ended. The writer continues to show how the tribes of Israel unite under the first kings of Israel. The Book of 2 Samuel centers around David as the king Yahweh chose to lead Israel.\n\n### Who wrote the Book of 2 Samuel?\n\nIt is uncertain who wrote 2 Samuel. It may have been someone alive soon after King Solomon died. When Solomon died, the kingdom of Israel split into two kingdoms. The author probably lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. A descendant of David continued to rule over the southern kingdom. The author may have written 2 Samuel to defend David’s right to be king. This would prove that David’s descendant was the rightful king of God’s people.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What covenant had its beginning in the Book of 2 Samuel?\n\nIn 2 Samuel 7, Yahweh made a covenant with David. God promised to make a descendant of David rule forever over Israel. Christians believe that Jesus Christ fulfills this covenant. Jesus was a descendant of David. Jesus is the true “anointed one,” the person God chose to be king forever. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Why does the book refer to someone being addressed indirectly?\n\nDavid frequently refers to himself as “your servant” when he speaks to King Saul. He also calls Saul “my master.” Indirectly addressing a person in this way can be difficult to translate. It is intended to show that the speaker submits to the one being addressed. English sometimes uses the address “sir” or “ma’am” in this way.\n\n### Can I translate this book before 1 Samuel?\n\nThe Book of 1 Samuel should be translated before 2 Samuel, since 2 Samuel continues from where 1 Samuel ends.\n\n### How is the name “Israel” used in the Bible?\n\nThe name “Israel” is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was the son of Isaac. God changed his name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])\n\n2 Samuel speaks of both the northern kingdom of Israel and the whole nation of Israel as “Israel.” However, these references appear in the narrative long before the two kingdoms split apart. It seems clear that the references to Israel and Judah indicate that the author wrote 2 Samuel at a time after the kingdoms split. (See: [2 Samuel 2:10](../02/10.md); [2 Samuel 3:10](../03/10.md); [2 Samuel 5:5](../05/05.md); [2 Samuel 11:11](../11/11.md); [2 Samuel 12:8](../12/08.md); [2 Samuel 19:42–43](../19/42.md); [2 Samuel 21:2](../21/02.md); [2 Samuel 24:1](../24/01.md)).
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1:intro la44 0 # 2 Samuel 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 1:19–27.\n\nThis chapter continues the material from 1 Samuel.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### David’s funeral song\nDavid praised Saul and Jonathan as great warriors and Jonathan as his dearest friend.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Synecdoche\n\nDavid used two figures of speech to express that Jonathan and Saul were great warriors: “the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])\n\n### Parallelism\nDavid's funeral song uses a lot of parallelism, where similar ideas are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
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1:1 q125 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּצִקְלָ֖ג 1 This is the name of a city in the southern part of Judah.
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1:2 v6vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וּבְגָדָ֣יו קְרֻעִ֔ים וַאֲדָמָ֖ה עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ 1 In this culture, tearing one’s own clothes and putting dirt on one’s head was an act of mourning.
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1:2 js3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַיִּפֹּ֥ל אַ֖רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ 1 This was an act of showing submission to David, who was now the king of Israel.
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1:6 uks7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication נִקְרֹ֤א נִקְרֵ֨יתִי֙ 1 This statement emphasizes that the man did not plan to meet Saul.
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1:6 g386 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שָׁא֖וּל נִשְׁעָ֣ן עַל־חֲנִית֑וֹ 1 This could mean: (1) Saul was weak and using the spear to support himself or (2) Saul was attempting to kill himself by falling on his own spear.
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1:8 x88n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וַיֹּ֥אמֶר לִ֖י מִי־אָ֑תָּה וָאֹמַ֣ר אֵלָ֔יו עֲמָלֵקִ֖י אָנֹֽכִי 1 These direct quotations could be stated as indirect speech. Alternate translation: “He asked me who I was, and I told him that I am an Amalekite”
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1:8 nvy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֲמָלֵקִ֖י 1 These are the same people David just finishing attacking in [2 Samuel 1:1](../01/01.md).
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1:9 t8ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification אֲחָזַ֖נִי הַשָּׁבָ֑ץ 1 Saul’s suffering is spoken of as something terrible that has grabbed hold of him. Alternate translation: “I am suffering terribly”
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1:9 he7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כָל־ע֥וֹד נַפְשִׁ֖י בִּֽי 1 This idiom means he is still alive. Alternate translation: “I am still alive”
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1:10 fh71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives כִּ֣י יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֛י לֹ֥א יִֽחְיֶ֖ה אַחֲרֵ֣י נִפְל֑וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “he would die anyway”
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1:11 lzf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַיַּחֲזֵ֥ק דָּוִ֛ד בִּבְגָדָ֖יו וַיִּקְרָעֵ֑ם וְגַ֥ם כָּל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ 1 David and his men tore their clothes as a sign of mourning for the death of King Saul.
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1:12 j5yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet וְעַל־עַ֤ם יְהוָה֙ וְעַל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 Both statements mean basically same thing. Alternate translation: “and for the Israelites soldiers”
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1:12 dhc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 The word “house” is a metonym that represents the descendants of Israel.
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1:12 h78c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism נָפְל֖וּ בֶּחָֽרֶב 1 Here **fallen** is a polite way of referring to being killed. Alternate translation: “they had died”
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1:12 oup3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בֶּחָֽרֶב 1 **Sword** represents a battle. Alternate translation: “in battle”
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1:14 f3mp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why were you not afraid to kill Yahweh’s anointed … hand? 0 This rhetorical question is used to rebuke the man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have feared Yahweh and not killed his anointed … hand!”
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1:14 gdq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Yahweh’s anointed king 0 This refers to Saul.
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1:14 llc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with your own hand 0 This phrase refers to doing something yourself. Alternate translation: “yourself” or “personally”
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1:15 k3ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom struck him down 0 This idiom means “killed him.”
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1:16 sv2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Your blood 0 Here “blood” is a metonym that implies “shed blood” and is associated with death. Alternate translation: “Your death”
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1:16 re2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַל־רֹאשֶׁ֑ךָ 1 Here “your head” is a synecdoche referring to the man and means that he is responsible. Alternate translation: “is your fault”
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1:16 ovsi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche פִ֗יךָ 1 Here “your own mouth” refers to the man himself. Alternate translation: “you yourself”
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1:18 xw5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The Bow 0 This was the title of the song.
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1:18 rz25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Look, {it is} written on the Scroll of the Upright 0 This is background information added to tell the reader what happened to the song in the future.
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1:19 bch8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Your glory 0 “Your glory” refers to Saul.
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1:19 luf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the mighty 0 The phrase “the mighty” refers to both Saul and Jonathan.
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1:19 ihzq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj גִבּוֹרִֽים 1 This is plural, and can be stated as “the mighty ones.”
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1:19 v53l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism have fallen 0 The word “fallen” here means “died.”
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1:20 new3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gath … Ashkelon 0 Gath and Ashkelon are two of the Philistines’ major cities. The Philistines killed Saul and Jonathan.
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1:20 kk6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the uncircumcised 0 This phrase refers to people who do not follow Yahweh, such as the Philistines.
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1:21 yma7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe Mountains of Gilboa 0 David speaks directly to the “Mountains of Gilboa” as if they were listening to his song.
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1:21 k9a4 let there not be dew or rain on you 0 David curses the ground where King Saul died in the battle. This was out of reverence for Saul, who was God’s anointed king.
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1:21 nbh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the shield of the mighty was defiled 0 The “mighty” here refers to Saul and Jonathan.
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1:21 bh3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The shield of Saul is no longer anointed with oil 0 Saul’s shield was made of leather. To care for the shield, it was rubbed with oil. Alternate translation: “No one will care for Saul’s shield anymore”
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1:22 px2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the sword of Saul did not return empty 0 Saul’s sword is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could return on its own. Rather than return empty, it was carrying the blood of Saul’s enemies that it killed.
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1:23 zvc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes in their death they were not separated 0 The phrase “were not separated” is used to emphasize that they were always together. Alternate translation: “even in death they were together”
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1:23 k29g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions. 0 Saul and Jonathan were spoken of as if they were faster than eagles and stronger than lions.
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1:25 s578 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the mighty 0 Here “mighty” is plural and refers to Saul and Jonathan. Alternate translation: “the mighty warriors”
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1:25 ap6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism have fallen 0 This is a polite way to say “have died.”
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1:25 l3rx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Jonathan is killed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jonathan has died in battle” or “The enemy has killed Jonathan”
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1:25 i3z2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe on your high places 0 David continues to address this part of the song to the mountains of Gilboa as he started in [verse 21](../01/21.md).
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1:26 eg6m my brother Jonathan 0 Here “brother” is used in the sense of a very close friend.
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2:intro k322 0 # 2 Samuel 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the story of the civil war between Saul’s son and David.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Civil war\n\nThere was a civil war in Israel. David was made king of Judah and Saul’s uncle (Abner) made Saul’s son (Ishbosheth) king of the rest of Israel. When they fought each other, Abner killed Joab’s brother, but David’s army was victorious.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Rhetorical question\n\nAbner finally stopped the battle with a rhetorical question to David’s army. “Must the sword devour forever?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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2:1 lt47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit After this 0 Alternate translation: “After David mourned the deaths of Saul and Jonathan in battle”
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2:1 ncw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit go up to one of the cities of Judah 0 At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. David used the phrase “go up” because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Judah. Alternate translation: “travel to one of the cities of Judah”
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2:2 x7ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit David went up with his two wives 0 At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. The narrator uses the phrase “went up” because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Hebron. Alternate translation: “David traveled to Hebron with his two wives”
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2:4 jw8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction anointed David king 0 In this symbolic act, they poured oil on David’s head to show that he was selected to be the king.
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2:4 gc4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Judah 0 Here “house” is used in the sense of “tribe.” Alternate translation: “the tribe of Judah”
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2:4 h1l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jabesh Gilead 0 This is the name of a town in the region of Gilead.
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2:6 jp9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit this thing 0 They buried Saul.
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2:7 ss4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche let your hands be strong 0 Here “hands” refers to the people of Jabesh Gilead. Alternate translation: “be strong”
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2:7 c3td rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction anointed me king 0 In this symbolic act, they poured oil on David’s head to show that he was selected to be the king.
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2:8 m5pw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ner … Ishbosheth 0 These are the names of men.
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2:8 i3ah rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mahanaim 0 This is the name of a place.
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2:9 e9wt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gilead … Jezreel 0 These are the names of places.
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2:10 fb37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the house of Judah followed David 0 Obeying David’s rule is spoken of as “following” him. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Judah obeyed David as their king”
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2:10 kz8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor house of Judah 0 Here “house” is used to mean “tribe.”
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2:12 t3hi rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abner … Ner … Ishbosheth … Saul 0 These are the names of men.
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2:13 n2wn rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zeruiah 0 This is the name of a man.
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2:16 ni8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism they fell down together 0 This is a polite way of saying they died. Alternate translation: “they both died”
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2:16 x416 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Helkath Hazzurim 0 This is a name given to remind people what happened there.
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2:17 gm4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The battle was very severe that day 0 It may be helpful to explicitly state that this was the large battle that followed the contest of the young men. Alternate translation: “Then the others started to fight also. It was a very fierce battle that day”
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2:18 smv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zeruiah … Joab … Abishai … Asahel 0 These are the names of men.
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2:18 n11n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Asahel was swift in his feet like a wild gazelle 0 Here Asahel is compared to a gazelle, an animal that runs very fast. Alternate translation: “Asahel could run very fast”
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2:18 aak9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown wild gazelle 0 This small, four-legged animal, with two long horns on its head, runs very fast.
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2:20 jd6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Asahel 0 This is the name of a man.
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2:21 we6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Turn aside to your right or to your left … turn aside 0 Alternate translation: “Stop chasing me … stop chasing Abner”
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2:22 mpv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why should I strike you to the ground? 0 This rhetorical question is used to warn Asahel of the danger he faced. “Strike to the ground” is a polite way of saying “to kill.” Alternate translation: “I do not wish to kill you”
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2:22 k44v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How then could I hold up my face to Joab, your brother? 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes that Abner does not want to fight and kill Asahel because it would destroy Abner’s relationship with Joab. Alternate translation: “I would be too ashamed to look at your brother, Joab”
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2:22 phr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom hold up my face to Joab 0 Here “hold up my face to Joab” is an idiom that means to look someone in the eye without guilt or negative emotions.
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2:23 y5pa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor turn aside 0 This means to “halt” or “stop chasing.”
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2:24 dk79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abishai 0 This is the name of a man.
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2:24 ja3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names hill of Ammah … Giah 0 These are the names of places.
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2:26 bju9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Must the sword devour forever? 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes that the battle had already continued too long. The killing in the battle is spoken of as if a wild animal was eating the soldiers. Alternate translation: “We do not need to keep using our swords to fight and kill each other.”
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2:26 vzq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy sword 0 Here “sword” refers to the fighting.
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2:26 ukm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you not know it will be bitter in the end? 0 This rhetorical question is used to force Joab to acknowledge that continued fighting could only result in more suffering. Alternate translation: “You know very well that there will be a terrible result if this continues!”
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2:26 e6un rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How long will it be before you tell your men to stop pursuing their brothers? 0 This rhetorical question is intended to convince Joab to stop fighting their fellow Israelites. Alternate translation: “Stop this now so that Israelites will not have to kill each other!”
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2:26 vx56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy brother 0 Here “brother” is used to represent fellow Israelites.
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2:27 yh65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula Just as God lives 0 This is a very strong vow. Alternate translation: “With God as my witness” or “God will affirm that I mean what I say”
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2:27 gze5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo if you had not said that … pursued their brothers until the morning 0 This hypothetical statement tells what might have happened if Abner had not spoken wisely to Joab.
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2:28 qt3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit blew the trumpet 0 Trumpets were used to signal orders to the armies across great distances.
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2:28 zk88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Israel 0 Here “Israel” refers to the Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “the Israelite soldiers”
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2:29 g9ir rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mahanaim 0 These are the names of places.
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2:30 ju9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Asahel 0 This is the name of a man.
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2:31 e92j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession the men of Abner 0 Alternate translation: “the men who followed Abner.”
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2:31 d81h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Benjamin 0 This phrase means “the tribe of Benjamin.”
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2:32 e5xq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit took up Asahel 0 Alternate translation: “carried Asahel’s body with them”
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3:intro ka39 0 # 2 Samuel 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter records the first attempt to end the civil war.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 3:33–34.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\nDavid never wanted to hurt Saul’s family. Isbosheth criticized Abner and Abner became angry. He decided to help David become king of all of Israel. Abner came and made a treaty with David. As he left, Joab arrived and told him he wanted to talk to him and he murdered Abner. David was very unhappy that Abner had been killed.
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3:1 u6f1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house 0 Here “house” is used to mean “family.”
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3:1 lag1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor grew stronger and stronger 0 This metaphor means the number of people supporting David increased.
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3:1 dju3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor grew weaker and weaker 0 This metaphor means the number of people supporting Saul’s family decreased.
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3:2 w7d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Sons were born to David 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “David’s wives gave birth to six sons”
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3:2 q2r6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahinoam 0 This is the name of a woman, a wife of David.
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3:3 j96y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal second son … third 0 These two sons were born after the “firstborn” (verse 2). This is the numerical order of David’s sons.
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3:3 hxl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abigail … Maacah 0 These are women’s names. They are the wives of David.
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3:3 hy1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kileab … Nabal … Talmai 0 These are men’s names.
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3:4 m8yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal fourth son … fifth son 0 This is the numerical order of David’s sons.
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3:4 d5td rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Adonijah … Shephatiah 0 These are the names of David’s sons.
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3:4 ai9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Haggith … Abital 0 These are names of David’s wives.
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3:5 nky8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the sixth 0 This is the numerical order of David’s sons.
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3:5 n4tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ithream 0 This is the name of one of David’s sons.
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3:5 ujk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Eglah 0 This is the name of one of David’s wives.
|
||
3:6 vrd9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent And it happened 0 This introduces a new event in the story of the struggle between David’s supporters and Saul’s family.
|
||
3:6 n8iu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Saul 0 This refers to Saul’s family.
|
||
3:6 fu4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of David 0 This refers to the supporters of David.
|
||
3:6 ahk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Abner made himself strong in the house of Saul 0 Abner’s increasing power over Saul’s family is spoken of as if he became physically stronger. Alternate translation: “Abner gained more power over the family and supporters of Saul”
|
||
3:7 wnw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Rizpah … Aiah 0 These are names of women.
|
||
3:7 nvs7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ishbosheth 0 This is a male name, a son of Saul.
|
||
3:7 y6er rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why have you gone in to my father’s concubine? 0 Ishbosheth asked this question to rebuke Abner who was acting like he was the king. Alternate translation: “You did not have the right to go in to father’s concubine!”
|
||
3:7 x31p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism gone in to 0 This is a euphemism for sexual relations. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with”
|
||
3:8 jcd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? 0 This question is used by Abner as an angry denial of Ishbosheth’s accusation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not a traitor!”
|
||
3:8 rjr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? 0 Abner speaks of himself as the head of a dog, which the Israelites considered to be loyal to anyone who fed them.
|
||
3:8 jb39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy into the hand of David 0 Here “hand” represents the power to defeat. Alternate translation: “to be defeated by David”
|
||
3:8 lub9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion But now you accuse me of an offense concerning this woman? 0 Abner asks this question to rebuke Ishbosheth for questioning his loyalty.
|
||
3:9 a45s May God do so to me … and more also, if I do not 0 This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. Abner is asking God to judge him severely if he does not keep his vow. Your language may have a way of expressing vows. Alternate translation: “I am asking God to punish me if I do not”
|
||
3:10 h7qr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of Saul 0 Here “house” refers to Saul’s family.
|
||
3:10 m8b2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy throne of David 0 This phrase refers to the authority of David as king.
|
||
3:12 y24c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants to David 0 Some versions add “when he was at Hebron” and others do not. You may want to add the phrase if it is present in your national version.
|
||
3:12 alc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Whose land is this? 0 Abner asks this question to imply that he did not consider Ishbosheth to rightfully be the king, and that Israel needs a different ruler.
|
||
3:12 mm4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my hand is with you 0 Here “hand” represents Abner’s assistance that he is offering to David. Alternate translation: “I will assist you”
|
||
3:13 r77z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche you cannot see my face unless you first bring Michal 0 David is stating the condition under which he will meet Abner. Here “face” refers to David himself. Alternate translation: “you cannot see me unless you bring Michal to me first”
|
||
3:13 mks3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Michal 0 This is the name of a daughter of Saul. She was David’s first wife.
|
||
3:15 ch63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit took her from her husband 0 Paltiel was Michal’s second husband. Saul gave her to him after David fled from Saul.
|
||
3:15 z1ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Paltiel … Laish 0 These are the names of men.
|
||
3:16 uhj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Bahurim 0 This is the name of a village.
|
||
3:18 js5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Now do it 0 Alternate translation: “So now make David your king”
|
||
3:18 iac5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy By the hand of my servant David 0 Here “hand” refers to David’s power to defeat the Philistines. Alternate translation: “I will empower my servant David and”
|
||
3:18 c3te rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of the Philistines 0 Here “hand” refers to power over Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of the Philistines”
|
||
3:18 d2l2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of all their enemies 0 Here “hand” refers to power over Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of all of their enemies”
|
||
3:19 qv92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the people of Benjamin … the whole house of Benjamin 0 Both of these statements refer to the descendants of Benjamin, who were one of the tribes of Israel.
|
||
3:21 k2bu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all Israel 0 This phrase means “all the people of Israel.”
|
||
3:21 ej77 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish So David sent Abner away 0 They parted as friends. David was not angry with Abner.
|
||
3:23 e26m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns they told Joab 0 Alternate translation: “someone told Joab”
|
||
3:23 d2r8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ner 0 This is a man’s name. He is the grandfather of Saul.
|
||
3:24 nzs6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What have you done? 0 Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner go in peace. Alternate translation: “You should not have done this!”
|
||
3:24 ia9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why have you sent him away, and he is gone? 0 Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner escape. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Abner was here and you let him leave!”
|
||
3:25 c3xz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you not know … everything you are doing? 0 Joab asks this question to convince David that Abner is plotting against David. Alternate translation: “Surely you know … everything you are doing.”
|
||
3:26 v16b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names well of Sirah 0 “Sirah” is the name of a place where the well was located.
|
||
3:27 w3m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the middle of the gate 0 This refers to one of the gates in the city wall at Hebron.
|
||
3:27 us2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the blood of Asahel 0 Here “blood” is associated with the death of Asahel. Alternate translation: “the death of Asahel”
|
||
3:27 fbb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Asahel 0 This is the name of a male person.
|
||
3:28 esw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the blood of Abner 0 Here “blood” refers to violent death. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Samuel 3:27](../03/27.md). Alternate translation: “the death of Abner” or “the murder of Abner”
|
||
3:28 kq45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ner 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
3:29 h3l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor fall on the head of Joab and on all his father’s house 0 This phrase means the results of the guilt will happen to Joab and his family as if something heavy had collapsed on them. Alternate translation: “always cause suffering for Joab and for all his father’s house”
|
||
3:29 vz8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all his father’s house 0 Here “house” refers to descendants. Alternate translation: “all the descendants of Joab’s father”
|
||
3:29 l3jd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes May there never fail to be 0 This double negative emphasizes that there will always be someone with the problems listed. Alternate translation: “May there always be”
|
||
3:29 lvn8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy is killed by the sword 0 Here “sword” refers to violent death. Alternate translation: “dies violently”
|
||
3:30 x1zu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abishai … Asahel 0 These are the names of men.
|
||
3:31 g9pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction Tear your clothes, put on sackcloth 0 These were symbolic actions to demonstrate their grief and sadness.
|
||
3:32 d6g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet The king wept and cried loudly 0 The words “wept” and “cried loudly” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how much David mourned for Abner.
|
||
3:33 aq3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should Abner die as a fool dies? 0 This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that his death was disgraceful. Alternate translation: “Abner should not have died in disgrace!”
|
||
3:34 b11c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Your hands were not bound. Your feet were not shackled 0 These two sentences express similar ideas.
|
||
3:34 ni42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Your hands were not bound 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one had tied your hands”
|
||
3:34 uia7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Your feet were not shackled 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one had attached your feet to chains”
|
||
3:34 im2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the sons of injustice 0 This refers to people who are unjust or wicked. Alternate translation: “wicked men”
|
||
3:35 zt2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole All the people came 0 This deliberate exaggeration is used to show that the nation of Israel wanted to take care of David in his grief. Alternate translation: “Many people came”
|
||
3:35 s8g2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula May God do so to me, and more also, if 0 This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. David is asking God to judge him severely if he eats anything before sunset. Your language many have a way of expressing vows. Alternate translation: “I am asking God to punish me if”
|
||
3:37 ax2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ner 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
3:38 z5pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you not know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel? 0 This rhetorical question is used to show how much David respected Abner. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is certainly true that a great prince has died today in Israel!”
|
||
3:38 igj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism fallen 0 Here “fallen” is a euphemism that means “died.”
|
||
3:38 wxn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys a prince and a great man 0 These two phrases both refer to Abner. Alternate translation: “a great prince”
|
||
3:39 e6ux rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zeruiah 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
4:intro hm82 0 # 2 Samuel 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nWhile the end of the civil war occurs in this chapter, David still only reigned over Judah (1–4).\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### David and Ishbosheth\n\nDavid never sought revenge against Saul’s family. When two men snuck into Ishbosheth’s room, cut off his head and brought it to David, David had them killed for killing an innocent man. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nWhen two men brought Ishbosheth’s head to David and expected to get a reward for it, David condemned them with the rhetorical question: “should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])
|
||
4:1 jmf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ishbosheth 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
4:1 jnb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his hands became weak 0 In this phrase “his hands” represents Ishbosheth himself. Alternate translation: “Ishbosheth became weak” or “Ishbosheth lost all strength”
|
||
4:2 zhe1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Baanah … Recab … Rimmon 0 These are names of men.
|
||
4:2 uag2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants Now Saul’s son had two men 0 This introduces the men Baanah and Rechab into the story.
|
||
4:2 d6gi rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background for Beeroth is also considered part of Benjamin 0 Here the author begins to provide background information about Beeroth for the reader. The area of Beeroth was part of the land that belonged to the tribe of Benjamin.
|
||
4:2 c93q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beeroth 0 This is the name of a place.
|
||
4:3 uyh4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background and the Beerothites fled to Gittaim and have been living there until this very time 0 Here the author finishes providing background information about Beeroth for the reader. The area of Beeroth was part of the land that belonged to the tribe of Benjamin.
|
||
4:3 qq9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gittaim 0 This is the name of a place.
|
||
4:4 th4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 This verse provides background information about Mephibosheth, a descendent of Saul through Jonathan instead of through Ishbosheth.
|
||
4:4 rav8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom crippled in his feet 0 This phrase means “unable to walk.”
|
||
4:4 d8qr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the news about Saul and Jonathan 0 This refers to the news about their death.
|
||
4:4 zj2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown nurse 0 This is a woman or girl who is hired to care for young children.
|
||
4:4 xl1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mephibosheth 0 This is the name of Jonathan’s young son, the grandson of Saul.
|
||
4:5 f4qv the heat of the day 0 the middle of the day, the part of the day when it is the hottest
|
||
4:8 n1gd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom sought your life 0 This idiom means “was trying to kill you.”
|
||
4:9 c7l9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula As Yahweh lives 0 This is one of the strongest oaths David could swear, as Yahweh is the witness. Alternate translation: “I swear on the life of Yahweh”
|
||
4:9 qe3v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche who delivered my life 0 Here “life” refers to David himself. This means that Yahweh has kept David alive. Alternate translation: “who rescued me”
|
||
4:11 ve2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How much more … should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth? 0 This question is used to show that the men had committed an especially serious crime. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are even more guilty! It is my duty to require his blood from your hand and to remove you from the earth.”
|
||
4:11 pl52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy require his blood from your hand 0 The phrase “his blood” represents the life of Ishbosheth.
|
||
4:12 b1ep rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction cut off their hands and feet and hung them up 0 These were symbolic actions to show contempt for the men.
|
||
4:12 a16g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction they took the head of Ishbosheth and buried it in the grave 0 This was a symbolic act to honor Ishbosheth. This could be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “they honored Ishbosheth by burying his head in the grave”
|
||
5:intro jv2a 0 # 2 Samuel 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis records the beginning of the kingdom’s expansion.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### David conquers Jerusalem\n\nDavid brought the combined army to Jerusalem and conquered it by going in through the water shaft. He enlarged the city and strengthened the defenses, and made it his capital. Jerusalem is an important place in the plans of God.\n\n### David consulting God\n\nDavid always consulted God before fighting a battle. The Philistines invaded Israel trying to capture David. David asked God if he should attack the Philistines, and God said yes; so he defeated them. They invaded again and God told him to attack them from the rear and he defeated them again.
|
||
5:1 qs6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom we are your flesh and bone 0 This phrase means “a relative.” Alternate translation: “we are related to you” or “we are of the same family” -
|
||
5:2 h5dx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background In the recent past 0 This is historical information. Saul had been their king before David.
|
||
5:2 fr5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism You will shepherd my people Israel, and you will become ruler over Israel 0 These two clauses mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh had chosen David to be king.
|
||
5:2 rcd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You will shepherd my people Israel 0 Here ruling over the people is spoken of as shepherding them. Alternate translation: “You will care for my people Israel” or “You will rule over my people Israel”
|
||
5:3 ep1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction They anointed David king over Israel 0 To “anoint” is a symbolic act to show that they recognized that God had chosen David as king.
|
||
5:6 j73y You will not come here except to be turned away by the blind and the lame 0 This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “If you come here, even the blind and the lame will be able to turn you away”
|
||
5:6 m16b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the blind and the lame 0 Here “the blind” and “the lame” are nominal adjectives. Alternate translation: “those people who cannot see and those who cannot walk”
|
||
5:8 c5p9 David said, “Those who attack the Jebusites 0 David was speaking to his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David said to his soldiers, ‘Those who want to get rid of the Jebus people”
|
||
5:8 z3vc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The ‘blind and the lame’ 0 This could mean: (1) the Jebusites inside the city of Jerusalem were so weak that it was as if they were handicapped, or (2) people who are physically lame and blind.
|
||
5:11 m9gy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hiram 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
5:13 d3s6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive more sons and daughters were born to him 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he had more sons and daughters” or “they bore him more sons and daughters”
|
||
5:14 fcd9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shammua … Shobab … Nathan … Solomon 0 These are the names of David’s sons.
|
||
5:14 lw16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who were born to him 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that his wives bore for him” or “he had”
|
||
5:15 t2yz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ibhar … Elishua … Nepheg … Japhia 0 These are the names of David’s sons.
|
||
5:16 xzm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Elishama … Eliada … Eliphelet 0 These are the names of David’s sons.
|
||
5:17 w75r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole they all went out looking for him 0 Here “all” is a generalization that means the Philistine army. Alternate translation: “the Philistine army went looking for him”
|
||
5:18 f39y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Valley of Rephaim 0 This is the name of a place.
|
||
5:20 sm5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Baal Perazim 0 This is the name of a place.
|
||
5:20 n37i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Yahweh has burst through my enemies before me like a bursting flood of water 0 Here David speaks of the victory that Yahweh brought as if it were a flood of water that overflowed its banks and covered the land, causing destruction. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has overwhelmed my enemies like a flood overwhelms the land”
|
||
5:22 ipp2 the Philistines came up again 0 They “came up” because the Philistines lived at a lower elevation than David’s stronghold.
|
||
5:22 u2gr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Valley of Rephaim 0 This is the name of a place.
|
||
5:23 lzk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown balsam woods 0 “Balsam” here is a type of tree.
|
||
5:24 vp29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person When you hear … Yahweh will have gone out before you to attack the army of the Philistines 0 Yahweh here speaks of himself in the third person.
|
||
5:24 ccz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor When you hear the sound of marching in the wind blowing through the balsam treetops 0 This speaks of the sound of the leaves rustling as wind blows through them as if it were the sound of marching. Alternate translation: “When the wind blowing through the tops of the balsam trees sounds like men marching”
|
||
5:25 z8t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Geba … Gezer 0 These are the names of places.
|
||
6:intro aen5 0 # 2 Samuel 6 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Holiness of the Ark\n\nDavid organized a procession with many musical instruments to bring the ark to Jerusalem. They put it on a cart; but when the oxen stumbled, Uzzah reached out to steady it so it would not fall. God killed him for touching the ark. David was angry at God for killing Uzzah and was afraid to bring the ark any further. Uzzah died because the ark was perfectly holy. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
|
||
6:1 dz26 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all the chosen men of Israel 0 This metonym represents the army of the nation of Israel.
|
||
6:2 bci3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit from Baalah in Judah to bring up from there the ark of God 0 It is implied that they are taking the ark to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “from Baalah in Judah to take to Jerusalem the ark of God”
|
||
6:2 vy3h to bring up from there the ark of God 0 Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it.
|
||
6:2 jrd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go to bring up 0 The word “bring” can be translated as “take.”
|
||
6:2 t6ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Baalah 0 This is the name of a place.
|
||
6:2 pkw6 which is called by the name of Yahweh of hosts 0 Yahweh’s name was written on the ark.
|
||
6:2 ima6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit who sits enthroned over the cherubim 0 You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are carved statues on the lid of the ark of the covenant.
|
||
6:2 uyvf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh’s footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above.
|
||
6:3 b2eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abinadab … Uzzah … Ahio 0 These are names of men.
|
||
6:5 h1vh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all the house of Israel 0 This metonym represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the other Israelites with him”
|
||
6:5 g4xk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown tambourines 0 A tambourine is a musical instrument like the head of a drum with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken or hit.
|
||
6:6 ju6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Nakon 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
6:7 yht6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor anger of Yahweh burned 0 Here the anger of Yahweh is spoken of as if it were fire.
|
||
6:7 b8dy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit for his sin 0 It was a sin for Uzzah to touch the ark because Yahweh had commanded that no one should touch the ark.
|
||
6:8 e8lq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Perez Uzzah 0 This is the name of a place. Translator may add a footnote that says, “The name ‘Perez Uzzah’ means ‘the punishment of Uzzah.’”
|
||
6:8 tqy3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to this day 0 This means to the time when this was being written.
|
||
6:9 yx34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How can the ark of Yahweh come to me? 0 David uses this question to emphasize that he is afraid to take the ark to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “I am too afraid to bring the ark of Yahweh with me to Jerusalem.”
|
||
6:10 qjd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Obed Edom the Gittite 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
6:11 a4fg blessed him 0 Here “him” refers to Obed Edom the Gittite.
|
||
6:12 j7ru rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive King David was told 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people told King David”
|
||
6:12 tg1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Obed Edom’s house 0 Here “house” represents a family. Alternate translation: “Obed Edom and his family”
|
||
6:12 tke4 brought up the ark of God 0 Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it. Alternate translation: “moved the ark of God” or “took the ark of God”
|
||
6:12 d195 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go brought up 0 The word “brought” can be translated as “took.”
|
||
6:14 m97q David danced before Yahweh with all his might 0 Dancing here is a form of joyfully worshiping Yahweh.
|
||
6:14 ubu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown linen 0 a cloth made from fibers of the flax plant
|
||
6:15 td5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all the house of Israel 0 Here “house” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the other Israelites with him”
|
||
6:16 jz44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Michal 0 Michal was the daughter of King Saul and also David’s first wife. See how you translated this name in [2 Samuel 3:13](../03/13.md).
|
||
6:16 tjm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy she despised him in her heart 0 Here “heart” represents thoughts or emotions. Alternate translation: “she looked at him with disdain” or “she sneered at him”
|
||
6:16 b6w2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy before Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “to Yahweh”
|
||
6:18 k4ta rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he blessed the people in the name of Yahweh of hosts 0 To bless “in the name of Yahweh of hosts” means to bless with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative.
|
||
6:20 k14x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go came out 0 Here “came” can be translated as “went.”
|
||
6:20 jd22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony How honored the king of Israel was today 0 This is an ironic statement. Michal means the opposite of what she said, and she does not believe David acted honorably. Michal speaks disrespectfully to King David about his dancing attire and behavior.
|
||
6:20 nsq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche before the eyes of the slave girls 0 Here “eyes of the slave girls” represents the slave girls. Alternate translation: “in front of the slave girls”
|
||
6:20 b7au rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile crude fellows 0 Michal is comparing David to vulgar and foolish men.
|
||
6:21 pz59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you who chose me above your father 0 Here “your” refers to Michal.
|
||
6:21 a36n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet over the people of Yahweh, over Israel 0 Here “the people of Yahweh” and “Israel” mean the same thing.
|
||
6:22 run9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony I will be even more undignified than this 0 David is being ironic and means the opposite of what he said. He does not believe what he did was actually undignified or that his actions in the future will be undignified.
|
||
6:22 y1pu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will be humiliated in my own eyes 0 Here “in my own eyes” represents what a person considers or thinks about something. Alternate translation: “I will consider myself humiliated” or “I will consider myself a fool”
|
||
6:22 ifj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive But by these slave girls you have spoken about, I will be honored 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But the slave girls of whom you have spoken will honor me”
|
||
7:intro c6fb 0 # 2 Samuel 7 General Notes\n\n### Covenant of David\n\nGod made a covenant with David that was not conditioned upon anything David or his descendants did. God promised that one of David’s descendants would rule Israel forever. Because Israel would not have a king in the future, this promise did not begin at this time. The descendant, who would rule forever, is Jesus. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])
|
||
7:1 cu7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent It happened 0 This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
|
||
7:1 r5ag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns given him rest from all his surrounding enemies 0 Here “rest” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “caused the enemy people groups to stop attacking Israel”
|
||
7:3 q2im rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy do what is in your heart 0 Here “heart” represents the mind. Alternate translation: “do what you think you should”
|
||
7:3 aw2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor for Yahweh is with you 0 Here “with you” means God is helping and blessing David.
|
||
7:4 l5r9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to Nathan, saying: 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Nathan. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Nathan:”
|
||
7:5 kj3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you build me a house in which to live? 0 Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that David is not the one to build a house for Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not build a house for me”
|
||
7:5 j3s5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor build me a house 0 Here “house” means a temple. In 7:11 Yahweh will say that he will build a house for David. There “house” means a family. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:11.
|
||
7:7 t5dj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes did I ever say anything to any of Israel’s leaders whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel, saying, “Why have you not built me a house of cedar?” 0 This has a quotation within a quotation. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “did I ever ask any of Israel’s leaders, whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel, why they had not built me a house of cedar?”
|
||
7:7 azt9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion did I ever say anything to any of Israel’s leaders 0 Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he never asked any of Israel’s leaders to build him a house. Alternate translation: “I never said anything to any of Israel’s leaders”
|
||
7:7 vnx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel 0 Those who are leaders of the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people were sheep.
|
||
7:7 kek6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why have you not built me a house of cedar? 0 If Yahweh had asked the leaders this question, he would have been using a question to scold them for not building him a house of cedar. Alternate translation: “You should have built me a house of cedar.”
|
||
7:8 xsx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes tell my servant David, ‘This is what Yahweh of hosts says: I took you … so that you would be ruler over my people Israel. 0 This has quotations within quotations. It may be necessary to translate the direct quotations as indirect quotations as in the UST. Alternate translation: “tell my servant David that I took him … so that he would be ruler over my people Israel”
|
||
7:8 dae2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I took you from the pasture 0 David’s job as a shepherd is referred to by the place he watched his sheep. Alternate translation: “I took you from your job as a shepherd”
|
||
7:9 euh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes I have been with you wherever you went. I have cut off all your enemies from before you. Now I will make your name great, like the names of the great ones of the earth 0 This continues the quotations within quotations. It may be necessary to translate the direct quotations as indirect quotations as in the UST.
|
||
7:9 arz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I have been with you 0 Here “with you” means that Yahweh has helped and blessed David.
|
||
7:9 pbz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have cut off all your enemies 0 Yahweh destroying David’s enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh cut them off, as one would cut a branch from a tree.
|
||
7:9 g9f5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy make your name great 0 Here “name” represents a person’s reputation.
|
||
7:9 vtf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the great ones 0 The phrase “great ones” means famous persons.
|
||
7:10 k1yc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will appoint a place 0 Alternate translation: “I will choose a place”
|
||
7:10 etx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will plant them there 0 Yahweh causing the people to live in the land permanently and securely is spoken of as if he would plant them in the land.
|
||
7:11 wxh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit from the days 0 Alternate translation: “from the time”
|
||
7:11 gat9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to be over my people Israel 0 To be in authority is referred to as being over someone. Alternate translation: “to rule my people Israel”
|
||
7:11 cyy5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes Now I will give you rest from all your enemies … declare to you that I will make you a house 0 If in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) and [2 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then you may need to change the pronouns to fit.
|
||
7:11 a1aw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I will give you rest from all your enemies 0 Here “rest” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “I will make all your enemies stop attacking you”
|
||
7:11 ax6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will make you a house 0 Here the metonym “house” refers to David’s ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel.
|
||
7:12 bvq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers 0 These two phrases have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis.
|
||
7:12 n74q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism כִּ֣י ׀ יִמְלְא֣וּ יָמֶ֗יךָ וְשָֽׁכַבְתָּ֙ אֶת־אֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ 0 They both are polite ways to refer to death and dying.
|
||
7:12 zh5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will raise up a descendant after you 0 Yahweh appointing David’s descendant is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift him up.
|
||
7:12 n1u2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom one who will come out from your body 0 This is an idiom that means the person will be David’s descendant.
|
||
7:12 wn76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will establish his kingdom 0 Here “his kingdom” represents his power to rule. Alternate translation: “I will make him to be a very powerful king”
|
||
7:13 rz89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a house for my name 0 Here “name” refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “for me”
|
||
7:13 nmu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever 0 Here “throne” represents the person’s power to rule as king. Alternate translation: “I will make his rule over Israel to last forever”
|
||
7:15 h75j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns But my covenant faithfulness will not leave him, as I took it from Saul 0 The word “faithfulness” is an abstract noun that can be stated as “faithfully loving.” Alternate translation: “I will never stop faithfully loving him as I stopped loving Saul”
|
||
7:15 a6sg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations from before you 0 If in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) and [2 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then you may need to change the pronouns to fit.
|
||
7:16 q3bd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations Your house … before you. Your throne 0 If in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) and [2 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then you may need to change the pronouns to fit.
|
||
7:16 t2rk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Your house and kingdom will be confirmed forever before you. Your throne will be established forever. 0 These two sentences have similar meanings and emphasize that David’s dynasty will last forever.
|
||
7:16 y1vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet Your house and kingdom will be confirmed forever before you 0 Here the word “house” represents David’s descendants, who will rule as kings.
|
||
7:16 zrmu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy throne 0 Here “throne” represents the power to rule as king.
|
||
7:16 bu2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Your throne will be established forever 0 Alternate translation: “I will cause your descendants to rule over Israel forever”
|
||
7:17 mei7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit all these words 0 “all these things.” This refers to what Yahweh had said.
|
||
7:18 nf24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who am I, Yahweh God, and what is my family that you have brought me to this point? 0 David asks this question to express the deep emotion he felt from hearing Yahweh’s proclamation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family and I are not worthy of this honor, Yahweh God.”
|
||
7:19 tj8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in your sight 0 Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your judgment”
|
||
7:19 r9in rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness your servant’s family 0 Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “my family”
|
||
7:19 btd7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness your servant 0 Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “me”
|
||
7:20 sd87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What more can I, David, say to you? 0 David uses this question to emphasize that he has nothing left to say to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “There is nothing more I can say to you.”
|
||
7:21 d51g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy For your word’s sake 0 Alternate translation: “Because of what you promised to do”
|
||
7:21 mia3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness to your servant 0 David refers to himself as “your servant.” It can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “to me”
|
||
7:22 s9d3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche as we have heard with our own ears 0 The phrase “with our own ears” is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “as we ourselves have heard”
|
||
7:22 eu9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive as we have heard 0 Here “we” refers to David and the nation of Israel.
|
||
7:23 gt3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What nation is like your people Israel, the one nation on earth whom you, God, went and rescued for yourself? 0 David uses a question emphasize that there is no other nation like Israel. Alternate translation: “There is no nation like your people Israel, the one nation on earth whom you, God, went and rescued for yourself.”
|
||
7:23 u6gx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to make a name for yourself 0 Here “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “to make all people know who you are”
|
||
7:23 gpj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for your land 0 Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “for your people”
|
||
7:25 wp22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive may the promise that you made concerning your servant and his family be established forever 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “may you do what you promised to me and my family, and may your promise never change”
|
||
7:25 i7rz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person your servant and his family 0 David is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “me and my family”
|
||
7:26 yq4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy May your name be forever great 0 Here “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation.
|
||
7:26 tv8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the house of me, David, your servant 0 Here “house” represents family. Alternate translation: “my family”
|
||
7:26 r53a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive is established before you 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is secure because of you” or “continues because of you”
|
||
7:27 i375 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person to your servant that you will build him a house 0 David refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “to me that you will build me a house”
|
||
7:27 l4yn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy that you will build him a house 0 Here the metonym “house” refers to David’s ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel.
|
||
7:27 fs5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house 0 Here “house” represents David’s family.
|
||
7:29 n6ik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive with your blessing your servant’s house will be blessed forever 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will continue to bless my family forever”
|
||
7:29 k3a5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person your servant’s house 0 Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “my house” or “my family”
|
||
8:intro hc4j 0 # 2 Samuel 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter returns to the theme of the expansion of David’s kingdom.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### God enabled victory\n\nGod enabled David to conquer all the surrounding nations. Much of the loot and tribute David received, he saved for the temple that his son would build.
|
||
8:1 drj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche David attacked 0 Here David represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers attacked”
|
||
8:2 xbr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Then he defeated 0 Here “he” refers to David who represents his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Then they defeated”
|
||
8:3 r73a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche David then defeated Hadadezer 0 Here both “David” and “Hadadezer” represent their armies. Alternate translation: “David and his army then defeated the army of Hadadezer”
|
||
8:3 y7af rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hadadezer … Rehob 0 These are the names of men.
|
||
8:3 met2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zobah 0 This is the name of a region in Aram.
|
||
8:4 cc6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit David hamstrung 0 This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot run.
|
||
8:5 u7vw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche David killed 0 Here David represents his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers killed”
|
||
8:6 ph45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit put garrisons in Aram 0 Alternate translation: “ordered large groups of his soldiers to remain in Aram”
|
||
8:7 ft9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy David took 0 Here “David” refers to his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David’s soldiers took”
|
||
8:8 qtw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche King David took 0 Here “David” refers to him and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “King David’s soldiers took”
|
||
8:8 nu2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tebah and Berothai 0 These are the names of places.
|
||
8:9 t4en rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tou 0 These are the names of men.
|
||
8:9 le1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hamath 0 This is the name of a place.
|
||
8:9 l3de rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche David had defeated 0 Here “David” refers to him and his army. Alternate translation: “David and his army had defeated”
|
||
8:10 yiq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tou … Hadoram 0 These are the names of men.
|
||
8:12 cjj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and Amalek 0 Alternate translation: “and the Amalekites”
|
||
8:12 z5x6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hadadezer son of Rehob, the king of Zobah 0 See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 8:3](../08/03.md).
|
||
8:13 hrc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy David’s name was well known 0 Here “name” refers to David’s reputation. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “David was very famous”
|
||
8:13 c9s7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Valley of Salt 0 This is the name of a place. Its exact location is unknown.
|
||
8:13 th6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit eighteen thousand men 0 “18,000 men”
|
||
8:14 gc6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit He placed garrisons throughout all of Edom 0 Alternate translation: “He ordered groups of his soldiers to remain in areas throughout all of Edom”
|
||
8:16 r8xj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Joab … Zeruiah 0 See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md).
|
||
8:16 nig1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahilud 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
8:17 k3p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahitub … Ahimelech … Seraiah 0 These are names of men.
|
||
8:18 gm1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Benaiah … Jehoiada 0 These are names of men.
|
||
8:18 xxs8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kerethites … Pelethites 0 These are names of people-groups. These people were David’s bodyguards.
|
||
9:intro lwh6 0 # 2 Samuel 9 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### David’s vow\nDavid determined to fulfill his vow to Jonathan to care for Jonathan’s descendants. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Rhetorical question and metaphor\n\nJonathan’s son expressed his surprise and feeling of unworthiness with a rhetorical question: “What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am?” and by a metaphor comparing himself to “a dead dog.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
9:2 id7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ziba 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
9:2 ura2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness I am your servant 0 Ziba calls himself “your servant” to show great respect to David.
|
||
9:3 j5la rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I may show the kindness of God 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **kindness**, you can express the same idea with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “I may be kind as I promised God I would be”
|
||
9:3 u7ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who is lame in his feet 0 The word “feet” here refers to the ability to walk. Alternate translation: “who is unable to walk”
|
||
9:4 ee6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Machir … Ammiel 0 These are names of men.
|
||
9:4 st1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Lo Debar 0 This is the name of a place.
|
||
9:5 tj7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis King David sent 0 It is understood that David sent messengers.
|
||
9:6 wni4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go came to David 0 The word “came” can be translated as “went.”
|
||
9:6 huu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness I am your servant 0 Mephibosheth refers to himself as “your servant” to show great honor to David.
|
||
9:7 zy8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you will always eat at my table 0 Here “my table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “you will always eat with me”
|
||
9:8 fvp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am? 0 This rhetorical question shows that Mephibosheth understands that he is not important enough for the king to take care of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am like a dead dog. I do not deserve for you to be kind to me.”
|
||
9:8 j13e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor such a dead dog 0 Here Mephibosheth represents the line of Saul, and he compares himself to a “dead dog.” Dogs were feral animals, not cared for, and of little importance. A dead dog would be considered even less important. Alternate translation: “such a person like me who is worthless as a dead dog”
|
||
9:10 cb8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy must always eat at my table 0 Here “my table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “must always eat with me”
|
||
9:11 fwy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Your servant will do all that my master the king commands his servant 0 Ziba refers to himself as “your servant” and refers to David as “my master.” Alternate translation: “I, your servant will do all that you, my king, command me to do”
|
||
9:12 eu17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mika 0 This is the name of the son of Mephibosheth.
|
||
9:12 u3qr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy All who lived in the house of Ziba 0 Here “house” represents Ziba’s family. Alternate translation: “All of Ziba’s family”
|
||
9:13 caj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he always ate at the king’s table 0 Here “table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “he always ate with the king at his table”
|
||
9:13 du2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy though he was lame in both his feet 0 Here “feet” represents the ability to walk. Alternate translation: “though he was unable to walk”
|
||
10:intro abca 0 # 2 Samuel 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe chapter records the last expansion of David’s kingdom. This chapter is also the beginning of a section dealing with the war between Israel and Ammon.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Shame\n\nIt was apparently the cause of shame or embarrassment in ancient Ammon to have their beards shaved off or to have their garments cut off. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter
|
||
10:1 g3zs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hanun 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
10:2 k9r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hanun … Nahash 0 These are the names of men.
|
||
10:3 r4at rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you really think that … you? 0 The leaders use a question to suggest to the king that he should not trust David. Alternate translation: “You are wrong to think that … you!”
|
||
10:3 gmb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Has not David … overthrow it? 0 The leaders use a question to suggest to the king that he should not trust David. Alternate translation: “You need to know that David … overthrow it.”
|
||
10:3 d8ec rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in order to overthrow it 0 Here “it” refers to the city which represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “in order to conquer us”
|
||
10:3 bm5t the city 0 Here “the city” refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites.
|
||
10:4 g9ma rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction shaved off half their beards 0 This act was meant as an insult to humiliate the men.
|
||
10:5 v21l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis then return 0 It is understood that they should return to Jerusalem.
|
||
10:6 v8si rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they had become a stench to David 0 The phrase “become a stench” is a metaphor for “they had become offensive.” Alternate translation: “they had become offensive like a bad smell to David”
|
||
10:6 t6tc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Rehob … Zobah … Maacah … Tob 0 These are the names of places.
|
||
10:8 u7sj to their city gate 0 Here “the city” refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites.
|
||
10:10 ka2a The rest of his people he put into the hand of Abishai his brother 0 Alternate translation: “He put Abishai his brother in charge of the rest of the army”
|
||
10:11 nlq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche for me, then you, Abishai, must rescue me 0 Joab and Abishai represents themselves and their armies. Alternate translation: “for us, then you, Abishai, and your army must rescue us”
|
||
10:14 q6sp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche from Abishai 0 Here Abishai represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “from Abishai and his soldiers”
|
||
10:14 d64c into the city 0 Here “the city” refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites.
|
||
10:14 v8x9 went back to Jerusalem 0 Alternate translation: “returned to Jerusalem”
|
||
10:15 rg85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive When the Arameans saw that they were being defeated by Israel 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when the Arameans realized that the Israelites were defeating them”
|
||
10:16 yd3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hadarezer … Shobak 0 These are the names of men.
|
||
10:16 sle1 from beyond the Euphrates River 0 This means the east side of the Euphrates River.
|
||
10:16 nik5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go They came to Helam 0 Here “came to” can be translated as “went to” or “gathered at”
|
||
10:16 rhn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Helam 0 This is the name of a place.
|
||
10:17 pz1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive When David was told this 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “When David heard about this”
|
||
10:17 vk7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy gathered all Israel together 0 Here “Israel” represents the army of Israel. Alternate translation: “assembled all the army of Israel together”
|
||
10:17 ism8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Helam 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 10:16](../10/16.md).
|
||
10:17 ln59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche against David and fought him 0 Here David represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “against David and his soldiers and fought them”
|
||
10:18 tev3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche David killed 0 Here “David” is a synecdoche for himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers killed”
|
||
10:18 s2lg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shobak 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 10:16](../10/16.md).
|
||
10:19 s2mk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hadarezer 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 10:16](../10/16.md).
|
||
10:19 dzd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive saw that they were defeated by Israel 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “realized that the Israelites had defeated them”
|
||
11:intro abcb 0 # 2 Samuel 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a new section of David’s life. God punished David by allowing his family to have many problems.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter
|
||
11:1 eqn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent It came about in the springtime 0 This introduces a new event in the story line.
|
||
11:1 jf4r at the time 0 Alternate translation: “at the time of year”
|
||
11:1 a4ds rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit David sent out Joab, his servants, and all the army of Israel 0 David sent them out to war. This can be stated clearly. Also, the word “his” refers to David. Alternate translation: “David sent Joab, his servants, and all the army of Israel to war”
|
||
11:1 qac9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the army of Ammon 0 Alternate translation: “the Ammonite army”
|
||
11:1 myy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Rabbah 0 This is the name of a city.
|
||
11:2 wi9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent So it came about 0 The author uses this phrase to introduce the next event in the story line.
|
||
11:2 qi78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a woman who was bathing 0 The woman was not on the roof, she would have been bathing outside in the courtyard of her house. Alternate translation: “a woman who was bathing in the courtyard of her house”
|
||
11:3 yv7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom So David sent 0 Here the word “sent” means that David sent a messenger. Alternate translation: “So David sent a messenger”
|
||
11:3 ht5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is not this Bathsheba … and is she not the wife of Uriah the Hittite? 0 This question gives information and can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is Bathsheba … and she is the wife of Uriah the Hittite.”
|
||
11:4 s4dn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy took her 0 David sent messengers, and they took her and brought her to him. Alternate translation: “they brought her to him”
|
||
11:4 qka3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism he lay with her 0 This is a polite way of saying that he had sexual relations with her. You may need to use a different euphemism in your language.
|
||
11:4 n2gg menstruation 0 the time when a woman bleeds from her womb
|
||
11:5 e4v5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom she sent and told David; she said, “I am pregnant.” 0 Here the word “sent” means that she sent a messenger to tell David that she was pregnant. Alternate translation: “she sent a messenger to David, and the messenger told David that she was pregnant”
|
||
11:6 bds8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Then David sent 0 Here the word “sent” means that David sent a messenger. Alternate translation: “Then David sent a messenger”
|
||
11:7 vjr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom how Joab was, how the army was doing, and how the war was going 0 David was asking if Joab and the army were well and about the progress of the war. Alternate translation: “if Joab was well, if other soldiers were well, and how the war was progressing”
|
||
11:8 f1gh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy wash your feet 0 This phrase is a metonym for returning home to rest for the night after working all day. Alternate translation: “rest for the night”
|
||
11:8 s4b9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the king sent a gift for Uriah 0 David sent someone to bring the gift to Uriah. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the king sent someone to take a gift to Uriah”
|
||
11:9 fp1u his master 0 The word “his” refers to Uriah and the word “master” refers to David.
|
||
11:10 p5tg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you not come from a journey? Why did you not go down to your house? 0 This rhetorical question is used to show David’s surprise that Uriah did not visit his wife. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “After coming from such a long journey, you should have gone down to your house.”
|
||
11:11 t1wr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Israel and Judah 0 This refers to their armies. Alternate translation: “the armies of Israel and Judah”
|
||
11:11 w65k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How then can I go into my house … with my wife? 0 This rhetorical question is used to emphasize Uriah’s refusal to visit his wife and can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It would be wrong for me to go into my house … with my wife while the other soldiers in my army are in danger.”
|
||
11:11 k6b2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism to lie with my wife 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with my wife”
|
||
11:11 ww5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula As sure as you are alive, I will not do this 0 Uriah swears a strong promise that he will not go home to his wife as long as the rest of the soldiers are at war. He makes this promise by comparing the truth of his promise to the certainty that the king was alive. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that I will not do this”
|
||
11:13 a9yz he ate and drank before him 0 Alternate translation: “Uriah ate and drank with David”
|
||
11:14 c9uz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche sent it by the hand of Uriah 0 The phrase “the hand of Uriah” refers to Uriah himself. Alternate translation: “sent Uriah himself to deliver it to him”
|
||
11:15 r9ph rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession very front of the most intense battle 0 Alternate translation: “very front of the battle line where the fighting is the worst”
|
||
11:15 z3us withdraw from him 0 Alternate translation: “command the soldiers to back away from him”
|
||
11:17 x2mt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism some of the soldiers of David fell 0 The word “fell” is a polite way to refer to the soldiers being killed. Alternate translation: “David’s soldiers were killed” or “they killed some of David’s soldiers”
|
||
11:17 s5r9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive and Uriah the Hittite was also killed there 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “including Uriah the Hittite” or “and the men of the city also killed Uriah the Hittite”
|
||
11:18 g9kw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Joab sent word to David 0 The phrase “sent word” means that he sent a messenger to give a report. Alternate translation: “Joab sent a messenger to David to give a report”
|
||
11:20 a8wj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why did you go so near … from the wall? 0 These questions may be written as statements. Alternate translation: “You should not have gone so near to the city to fight. You should have known that they would shoot from the wall.”
|
||
11:20 n65u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit shoot from the wall 0 This refers to men of the city shooting arrows down at their enemy from the top of the city wall. Alternate translation: “shoot arrows at you from the top of the city wall”
|
||
11:21 h8q7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who killed Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Remember how Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth was killed!”
|
||
11:21 h97r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth 0 This is the name of a man. His father is also know by the name Gideon.
|
||
11:21 uf4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Did not a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died at Thebez? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Remember he died at Thebez when a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the top of the wall.”
|
||
11:21 zx1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown millstone 0 a heavy stone that would roll, used to crush grain for making bread
|
||
11:21 g9p7 from the wall 0 Alternate translation: “from the top of the city wall”
|
||
11:21 q6dz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Thebez 0 This is the name of a city.
|
||
11:21 p6i4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why did you go so near the wall? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have gone so near the wall!”
|
||
11:23 ax3f the gate 0 Alternate translation: “the city gate”
|
||
11:24 jnl2 their shooters shot 0 Alternate translation: “their shooters shot arrows”
|
||
11:24 ych3 king’s servants 0 Here “servants” refers to soldiers, not slaves, because soldiers were servants of the king.
|
||
11:25 v2pb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for the sword devours one as well as another 0 Here “the sword” refers to a person who kills someone with sword. Also, killing someone with a sword is spoken of as if the sword were “eating” the people. Alternate translation: “for one man can be killed by a sword the same as another man” or “for any man can die in battle”
|
||
11:25 mk7a Make your battle even stronger 0 Alternate translation: “Fight even stronger”
|
||
11:27 d21w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom David sent and took her home 0 Here the word “sent” means that he sent a messenger to get her and bring her to him. Alternate translation: “David sent a messenger to her to bring her home”
|
||
11:27 cq8x displeased Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “saddened Yahweh” or “angered Yahweh”
|
||
12:intro abcc 0 # 2 Samuel 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis is the final expansion of David’s kingdom and records the end of the war with Ammon.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter
|
||
12:3 jfa8 ewe lamb 0 a female lamb
|
||
12:3 wd4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile was like a daughter to him 0 This refers to the closeness of this man and his little lamb. Alternate translation: “he loved it as much as if it were one of his daughters”
|
||
12:4 vv6b ewe lamb 0 a young, female sheep
|
||
12:4 c763 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit for his visitor 0 It was for his visitor to eat. Alternate translation: “for his visitor to eat”
|
||
12:5 tm95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor David was hot with anger against 0 Here the author describes how David was very angry as if his body were physically hot because of his anger. Alternate translation: “David became furious with” or “David became very angry with”
|
||
12:5 gd2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula As Yahweh lives 0 This expresses that David was swearing an oath or serious promise. Alternate translation: “I declare, as surely as Yahweh lives”
|
||
12:5 r45b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to be put to death 0 This means to be killed.
|
||
12:7 x85z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of the hand of Saul 0 Here the word “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “out of Saul’s control” or “from Saul’s control”
|
||
12:8 ty2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor your master’s wives into your arms 0 Here Yahweh describes David having his master’s wives as his own wives, by saying that they are “in his lap.” Alternate translation: “your master’s wives as your own”
|
||
12:8 v7tc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I also gave you the house of Israel and Judah 0 Here Yahweh speaks of how he gave David his authority as king over Israel and Judah as if he gave him the houses of Israel and Judah as a gift.
|
||
12:8 j40n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The phrase “the house of” means “the people of.”
|
||
12:8 sr3v if that had been too little 0 Alternate translation: “if I had not given you enough”
|
||
12:9 nb14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion So why have you despised … Yahweh, so as to do what is evil in his sight? 0 This rhetorical question is used to rebuke David. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement, as modeled by the UST.
|
||
12:9 ctt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what is evil in his sight 0 Here “sight” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts or opinion. Alternate translation: “what he considers to be evil” or “what is evil in Yahweh’s judgement”
|
||
12:9 iy29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You have struck down Uriah the Hittite with the sword 0 David did not kill Uriah himself, rather he arranged for him to be killed in battle.
|
||
12:9 n595 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You killed him with the sword of the army of Ammon 0 David did not kill Uriah himself, rather he arranged for him to be killed in battle when Israel was fighting against Ammon.
|
||
12:10 t13v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the sword will never leave your house 0 Here the word “sword” refers to people dying in war.
|
||
12:10 vjt0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 David’s “house” refers to his descendants.
|
||
12:11 zbq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of your own house 0 Here David’s “house” refers to his family. Alternate translation: “from among your own family”
|
||
12:11 d9za rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Before your own eyes 0 Here David is referred to by his eyes to emphasize what he would see. Alternate translation: “While you are watching”
|
||
12:11 bc2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism he will lie with your wives 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he will have sexual relations with your wives”
|
||
12:11 br6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in broad daylight 0 “in full daylight.” The idea of doing something “openly” or in a way that people are fully aware of what is happening is often spoken about as being done in the “daylight.” Alternate translation: “openly” or “and everyone will see what is happening”
|
||
12:12 cy92 committed your sin 0 Alternate translation: “sinned”
|
||
12:12 g9jf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy before all Israel 0 This phrase speaks of the people of Israel knowing about what has happened to his wives as if they all actually witnessed it happening. Alternate translation: “before all the people of Israel”
|
||
12:13 u54j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor passed over 0 Yahweh has forgiven David of his sin. This is spoken of here as Yahweh passing over his sin as if it were something that he walked by and disregarded. Alternate translation: “forgiven”
|
||
12:14 vm9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the child who is born to you 0 The phrase “born to you” means that it is David’s baby. Alternate translation: “your child who will be born”
|
||
12:15 eh1x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the child that Uriah’s wife bore to David 0 This means that she gave birth to a child and that David was his father. Alternate translation: “David’s child, who Uriah’s wife gave birth to”
|
||
12:17 dyf7 to raise him up from the floor 0 Alternate translation: “and urged him to get up from the floor”
|
||
12:18 f2jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche he did not listen to our voice 0 The servants are referred to here by their voices to emphasize that they were speaking. Alternate translation: “he did not listen to us”
|
||
12:18 ueh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal the seventh day 0 This refers to the seventh day after the baby was born. Alternate translation: “the seventh day after he was born”
|
||
12:18 j2pi Look 0 This is used to get people’s attention. Alternate translation: “Listen”
|
||
12:18 sz9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What might he do to himself if we tell him that the boy is dead?! 0 The servants ask this rhetorical question to express their fear. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We are afraid that he may harm himself if we tell him that the boy is dead!”
|
||
12:22 p2za rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me, that the child may live? 0 David asked this rhetorical question to empathize that no one knew if Yahweh would let the child live. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me so that the child may live.”
|
||
12:23 pf4k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion But now he is dead, so why should I fast? 0 David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that he no longer has a reason to fast. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Now that he is dead it would be of no use to fast any longer.”
|
||
12:23 cc5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can I bring him back again? 0 David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that the boy cannot come back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot bring him back to life.”
|
||
12:23 qs7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will go to him 0 David implies that he will go to where his child is when he dies. Alternate translation: “When I die I will go to where he is”
|
||
12:24 f8ut rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet went in to her and lay with her 0 Both the phrase “went in to her” and the phrase “lay with her” refer to David having sexual relations with Bathsheba and emphasize what they did. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with her”
|
||
12:25 m6ce rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he sent word through Nathan the prophet 0 Here “word” refers to a message that Yahweh told Nathan to tell David. Alternate translation: “he sent Nathan to tell him”
|
||
12:25 rd3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jedidiah 0 This is another name for David’s son Solomon, which Yahweh chose for him.
|
||
12:26 jf3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Joab fought … he captured 0 Here the author says “Joab” but he is referring to Joab and his soldiers who fought with him. Alternate translation: “Joab and his soldiers fought … they captured”
|
||
12:26 ar6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Rabbah 0 Fighting against this city literally means to fight against the people of Rabbah. Alternate translation: “the people of Rabbah”
|
||
12:27 ip2q So Joab sent messengers to David and said 0 Alternate translation: “So Joab sent messengers to David to say to him”
|
||
12:27 c6au rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor have taken the city’s water supply 0 “Taking” a place or landmark means to take control of it. Alternate translation: “have taken control of the city’s water supply”
|
||
12:27 n5s7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I have fought … I have taken 0 Here Joab speaks of himself when he is actually referring to himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “My soldiers and I have fought … my soldier and I have taken”
|
||
12:28 ue9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche if I take 0 Here Joab speaks of himself when he is actually referring to himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “if my soldiers and I take”
|
||
12:28 ej7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom camp against 0 This means to surround and attack. Alternate translation: “besiege” or “surround”
|
||
12:28 zt5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor take it … take the city 0 “Taking” a place or landmark means to take control of it. Alternate translation: “take control of it … take control of the city”
|
||
12:28 gj9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it will be named 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will name it”
|
||
12:29 z74s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche he fought 0 Here the author speaks of David when he is actually referring to David and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers fought”
|
||
12:30 n7vb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight a talent 0 This may be written in modern weights. Alternate translation: “about 33 kilograms”
|
||
12:30 t9em a precious stone 0 a rare gemstone such as a diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, or opal
|
||
12:30 nw9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The crown was placed on David’s own head 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They placed the crown on David’s own head”
|
||
12:30 wz14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he brought out 0 Here the author speaks of David when he is actually referring to David’s soldiers. Alternate translation: “they brought out”
|
||
12:30 g4xl plunder 0 valuable things taken from a defeated enemy
|
||
12:30 nq3u large quantities 0 Alternate translation: “large amounts”
|
||
12:31 a3vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy He brought out the people 0 David did not bring out the people himself; he commanded his soldiers to bring them out. Alternate translation: “David commanded his soldiers to bring out the people”
|
||
12:31 ya1w saws, iron picks, and axes 0 These are tools to cut wood or break up the ground.
|
||
12:31 tl3i brick kilns 0 ovens where bricks are dried and hardened
|
||
12:31 ew58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all the cities of the people of Ammon 0 This refers to the people in the cities. Alternate translation: “all the people of the cites of Ammon”
|
||
13:intro abcd 0 # 2 Samuel 13 General Notes
|
||
13:1 e2ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent It came about after this 0 “It happened after this.” This phrase is used to introduce a new event to the story line.
|
||
13:1 tup1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit half-sister 0 Amnon and Tamar shared the same father but not the same mother.
|
||
13:1 fj5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit full sister 0 Absalom and Tamar shared the same father and mother.
|
||
13:2 fmq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Amnon was so frustrated that he became sick because of his sister Tamar 0 Amnon was frustrated because he desired to sleep with his sister Tamar. Alternate translation: “Amnon was so frustrated with desire for his sister Tamar that he felt sick”
|
||
13:3 rz6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jonadab son of Shimeah, David’s brother 0 These are the names of men.
|
||
13:3 knc5 shrewd 0 crafty or deceptive
|
||
13:4 qef9 depressed 0 in an emotional state of extreme unhappiness
|
||
13:4 s99u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you not tell me? 0 This rhetorical question is a request for Jehonadab to tell him why he is depressed. It may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Please, tell me why you are depressed.”
|
||
13:5 xjs4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom eat it from her hand 0 This is probably a request for her to serve food to him personally. He probably did not want her to put the food in his mouth. Alternate translation: “have her serve it to me herself”
|
||
13:6 tsl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I may eat from her hand 0 This is probably a request for her to serve food to him personally. He probably did not expect her to put the food in his mouth. Alternate translation: “she may serve it to me to eat”
|
||
13:6 n1c2 pretended to be sick 0 This means he gave a false appearance of being ill.
|
||
13:7 we8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy David sent word 0 This means that he sent a messenger to speak to Tamar. Alternate translation: “David sent a messenger”
|
||
13:8 di8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown kneaded 0 used her hands to mix the dough
|
||
13:8 l12v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in his sight 0 This means that Tamar made the bread in front of him. Alternate translation: “in front of him” or “in his presence”
|
||
13:9 cwh1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom So everyone went out from him 0 To “go out from someone” means to leave them. Alternate translation: “So everyone left him”
|
||
13:10 y3b4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom that I may eat from your hand 0 This is a request for Tamar to serve the food to him personally. Alternate translation: “and serve it to me”
|
||
13:11 c79f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism lie with me 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “have sexual relations with me”
|
||
13:12 rly8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis do not force me 0 She is referring to having sexual relations with him. Alternate translation: “do not force me to have sexual relations with you”
|
||
13:13 j8jb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How could I be rid of my shame? 0 Tamar asks this rhetorical question to emphasize how much shame she would have if she slept with him.Alternate translation: “But I will not be able to bring my shame anywhere.”
|
||
13:13 mf9b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַאֲנִ֗י אָ֤נָה אוֹלִיךְ֙ אֶת־חֶרְפָּתִ֔ 0 Tamar speaks of getting rid of her shame as if it were an enemy or a tormentor that she needed to escape from.
|
||
13:14 ras3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism he lay with her 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he had sexual relations with her”
|
||
13:16 zc24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Because this great evil of making me leave is even worse 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **this great evil**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “It would be very evil to make me leave! It would be even worse”
|
||
13:19 i3wt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction put ashes on her head and tore her robe. She put her hands on her head 0 These are acts of mourning and grief in the Israelite culture. Alternate translation: “put ashes on her head and tore her robe to show that she was very sad. Then to show her grief, she put her hands on her head”
|
||
13:20 w3wp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism Has Amnon your brother been with you? 0 This is a polite way to ask is Amnon has had sexual relations with her. Alternate translation: “Has Amnon your brother slept with you?”
|
||
13:20 ffu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom keep quiet 0 This means to not tell anyone about something. Alternate translation: “do not tell anyone about this”
|
||
13:20 ce3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Do not take this thing to heart 0 The phrase “take something to heart” means “to worry about it.” Alternate translation: “Do not worry about what has happened”
|
||
13:20 m1az rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit So Tamar remained alone 0 This means that she did not marry.
|
||
13:23 q5hh rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent It came about after two full years 0 This explains that two whole years has passed and introduces the next event in the story line. The phrase “full years” means that they are complete years.
|
||
13:23 am6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Baal Hazor 0 This is the name of a place.
|
||
13:24 e8ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Look 0 This is a phrase used to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
|
||
13:24 wmj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness your servant 0 Absalom is calling himself “your servant” to show respect.
|
||
13:24 uq3x Please, let the king and his servants go with your servant. 0 It was customary for people in Israel to have a party after they had sheared their sheep.
|
||
13:24 tav8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness may the king 0 Although he is talking to his father the king, he calls him “the king” instead of “you” to show respect for him.
|
||
13:26 ep6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Why should Amnon go with you? 0 David knew that Amnon was not Absalom’s friend.
|
||
13:27 w3cs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish all the king's sons 0 This does not include Absalom and Amnon who is dead. It includes the rest of the sons that the king allowed to go to the celebration. Alternate translation: “the rest of the king’s sons”
|
||
13:28 ev94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have I not commanded you? 0 Absalom asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that he will be blamed for killing Amnon because he is commanding them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will be the one guilty for killing him because I have commanded you to do this.”
|
||
13:30 jr55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent So it came about 0 “It happened that.” This phrase is used here to introduce the next event in the story line.
|
||
13:30 x2s3 on the road 0 Alternate translation: “travelling along the road”
|
||
13:30 hpn8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy that the news came to David saying 0 Here it says that the news came, when really someone came and told David the news. Alternate translation: “that someone came and reported the news to David saying”
|
||
13:31 a8qp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction tore his clothes, and lay on the floor 0 He did these things to show that he was extremely sad. Alternate translation: “tore his clothes, and threw himself on the floor grieving”
|
||
13:31 a62g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction with their clothes torn 0 They did this to show their sadness and to mourn with their king. Alternate translation: “and tore their clothes, mourning with the king”
|
||
13:32 a6vi rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jonadab … Shimeah 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 13:3](../13/03.md).
|
||
13:32 dsh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Alternate translation: “My master, do not believe”
|
||
13:32 ev3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness my master 0 Jonadab calls David “my master” to show respect.
|
||
13:32 a8f7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism Amnon violated his sister 0 This is a polite way of saying that Amnon raped his sister.
|
||
13:33 cf2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom take this report to heart 0 The phrase “take something to heart” means “to worry about it.” Alternate translation: “worry about this report”
|
||
13:34 j8la rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor raised his eyes 0 Here the servant looking up at something is spoken of as if he lifted up his eyes. Alternate translation: “looked up”
|
||
13:36 r5i8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent So it came about 0 This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line.
|
||
13:36 r9gz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor raised their voices 0 Here the sons crying out is spoken of as if their voices were something they lifted into the sky. Alternate translation: “cried out”
|
||
13:37 dqp1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Talmai … Ammihud 0 These are the names of men.
|
||
13:37 wxs3 for his son 0 Alternate translation: “for his son Amnon”
|
||
14:intro abce 0 # 2 Samuel 14 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Parable\n\nThe wise woman uses a type of parable to convince David that his actions were wrong. He treated a stranger worse than he treated his own son. This hypothetical situation was intended to convict David of his sin. She uses David’s own words against him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
|
||
14:1 zlp2 Zeruiah 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md).
|
||
14:2 g3b4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy sent word to Tekoa and had a wise woman brought 0 This means that Joab sent someone with a message to Tekoa and had him bring back a woman to him. Alternate translation: “sent someone with a message to Tokoa and had him bring a wise woman back”
|
||
14:2 t4f8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tekoa 0 This is the name of a place.
|
||
14:2 rm87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the dead 0 This refers to someone who has died, not dead people in general. Alternate translation: “someone who has died”
|
||
14:4 an12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction she lay facedown on the ground 0 She did this to show her respect and submission to the king. Alternate translation: “she showed her respect to the king by laying facedown on the ground”
|
||
14:6 ij2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis One struck the other 0 Alternate translation: “One of my sons hit the other son with something”
|
||
14:7 aq9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness your servant 0 To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as “your servant.”
|
||
14:7 hhk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they would also destroy the heir 0 If they put the guilty brother to death there would not be a son left to inherit the family’s possessions. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “if they did this, they would be destroying our family’s heir”
|
||
14:7 vfb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Thus they will put out the burning coal that I have left 0 Here the woman refers to her only living son as if he were a burning piece of coal. She speaks of the men killing her son as stopping the coal’s burning. Alternate translation: “In this way they will kill the only child I have left”
|
||
14:7 jl3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy neither name nor descendant 0 This refers to a son to carry on the family’s name into the next generation. Alternate translation: “no son to preserve our family’s name”
|
||
14:9 sev7 Tekoa 0 Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 14:2](../14/02.md).
|
||
14:9 gz85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit may the guilt be on me and on my father’s family 0 This means that if people say that the king was wrong for helping the woman’s family that the king should not be guilty. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “if anyone blames you for helping our family, may my family be considered guilty instead”
|
||
14:9 e186 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The king and his throne 0 Here the word “throne” refers to anyone who later becomes king in David’s place. Alternate translation: “The king and his descendants” or “The king and his family”
|
||
14:10 fz7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche says anything to you 0 Here speaking threats is spoken of as speaking in general. Alternate translation: “threatens you” or “speaks threats to you”
|
||
14:10 pq9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he will not touch you anymore 0 Here David speaks of a person not threatening or hurting her, by saying that the person would not touch her. It is implied that David will not allow the person threatening her to bother her again. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “I will make sure he does not threaten you again”
|
||
14:11 vgi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula As Yahweh lives 0 Often people would make promises and compare how surely they would fulfil their promise to how surely Yahweh is alive. Alternate translation: “I promise you, as surely as Yahweh lives” or “In Yahweh’s name I promise”
|
||
14:11 d9l6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole not one hair of your son will fall to the ground 0 The means that her son will not be harmed, which is exaggerated by saying that he will not lose even a single hair. Alternate translation: “your son will be completely safe”
|
||
14:12 l1s3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness your servant 0 To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as “your servant.”
|
||
14:13 ia2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why then have you devised such a thing against the people of God? 0 The woman asks this rhetorical question to rebuke David for how he has treated Absalom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have just said proved that you did wrong.”
|
||
14:13 t35u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile the king is like someone who is guilty 0 The woman compares the king to someone who is guilty to suggest that he is guilty without saying it directly. Alternate translation: “the king has declared himself guilty”
|
||
14:14 ll3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile For we all must die, and we are like water spilled on the ground … up again 0 Here the woman speaks of a person dying as if they were water being spilled on the ground. Alternate translation: “We all must die, and after we die we cannot be brought back to life again”
|
||
14:15 nkn7 your servant 0 To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as “your servant”
|
||
14:16 x4ut rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the hand of the man 0 The hand refers to the man’s control. Alternate translation: “out of the control of the man”
|
||
14:17 pn2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the word of my master the king 0 Alternate translation: “the message of my master the king”
|
||
14:17 nm7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile for as an angel of God, so is my master … from evil 0 Here David, the king, is compared to an “angel of God.” Alternate translation: “for the king is like an angel of God because they both know how to tell good from evil”
|
||
14:18 u2d4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes Please do not hide from me anything that I will ask you 0 The negative form here is used for emphasis and can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “Please tell me the truth about everything I ask you”
|
||
14:19 p42h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Is not the hand of Joab with you in all this 0 Here the word “hand” refers to Joab’s influence. Alternate translation: “Has not Joab influenced you in all this” or “Did Joab send you here to speak these things”
|
||
14:19 uz25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom As you live 0 “As surely as you are alive.” Here the woman compares the certainty of what David has said to the certainty that he is alive, to emphasize how true his statement is.
|
||
14:19 q69g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor no one can escape to the right hand … the king has spoken 0 Here the woman describes the difficulty of speaking to the king and keeping him from finding out the truth by comparing it to a person not being about to escape in any direction. Alternate translation: “no one can keep you from knowing the truth”
|
||
14:19 vyl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism to the right hand or to the left 0 The expression gives two extremes and means “anywhere.” Alternate translation: “anywhere at all” or “anywhere”
|
||
14:20 j2lm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile is wise, like the wisdom of an angel of God 0 The woman compares David’s wisdom to the wisdom of an angel to emphasize how very wise he is. Alternate translation: “you are very wise, like an angel of God”
|
||
14:21 n8az rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit So the king said to Joab 0 It is implied that the king had Joab brought before him so that he could speak to him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Then the king summoned Joab and said to him”
|
||
14:21 g87y Look now 0 This phrase is used to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
|
||
14:21 r58j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit this thing 0 This refers to what Joab wants the king to do. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “what you want me to do”
|
||
14:22 n6a2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction Joab lay facedown on the ground 0 Joab did this to honor the king and show his gratitude.
|
||
14:22 qd1b your servant 0 To show respect for the king Joab refers to himself as “your servant.”
|
||
14:22 f6n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I have found favor in your eyes 0 The word “eyes” represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “you are pleased with me” or “you have approved of me”
|
||
14:22 gl13 0 Alternate translation: “you have done what I asked you to do”
|
||
14:24 i98k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche but he may not see my face … the king’s face 0 Here the word “face” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “but he may not see me … the king”
|
||
14:25 tiv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism From the sole of his foot to the top of his head there was no blemish in him 0 This means the whole person was without blemish. Alternate translation: “There were no blemishes on any part of his body”
|
||
14:26 j4bd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight two hundred shekels 0 This can be written in modern units. Alternate translation: “two and a half kilograms”
|
||
14:26 a94i the weight of the king’s standard 0 The king had weights that determined the standard weight of the shekel and other weights and measurements.
|
||
14:27 raf5 To Absalom were born three sons and one daughter 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Absalom had three sons and one daughter”
|
||
14:28 p8nr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the king’s face 0 Here “the king’s face” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “the king”
|
||
14:29 nwh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Absalom sent word for Joab 0 Here “word” is a metonym for “a message.” This means that he sent a messenger to Joab with a request. Alternate translation: “Absalom sent a messenger to Joab asking him”
|
||
14:29 km4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to send him to the king 0 It is implied that Absalom wanted Joab to come to him to see him and to intercede for him so that he would be allowed to see the king. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “to come to him and to intercede for him so that he could see the king”
|
||
14:29 f1c7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy So Absalom sent word a second time 0 Here “word” is a metonym for “a message.” This means that he sent a messenger to Joab again with the same request. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “So Absalom sent a messenger to Joab again with the same request”
|
||
14:30 g6kt See 0 Here this word is used to remind people of something. Alternate translation: “As you know”
|
||
14:32 wb3r Look 0 Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
|
||
14:32 cr53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I sent word 0 Here “word” is a metonym for “a message.” This means that he sent a messenger. Alternate translation: “I sent a messenger”
|
||
14:32 ay13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to the king to say 0 The message here for the king is written as if Absalom were the speaker. Absalom was asking Joab to speak the message on his behalf. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “to say to the king on my behalf” or “to ask the king for me”
|
||
14:32 ehw7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the king’s face 0 Here “king’s face” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “the king”
|
||
14:33 xix9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction bowed low to the ground before the king 0 Absalom is showing respect to the king. Alternate translation: “bowed low to the ground to honor the king”
|
||
14:33 lr12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction the king kissed Absalom 0 This implies that the king forgave and restored Absalom. The full meaning of this can be made clear.
|
||
15:intro abcf 0 # 2 Samuel 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the story of Absalom’s attempted revolt.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Absalom’s conspiracy\nFor four years, Absalom made many allies in an attempt to make himself king. This is why he acted as a judge for the people. Since this was all done in secret, it is called a “conspiracy.” David found out and fled with those in the army who were loyal to him.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nThe author used the metaphor of a thief to describe how Absalom was able to win people’s loyalty: “So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
15:1 m44b rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent It came about 0 This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line.
|
||
15:1 a4qh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction with fifty men to run before him 0 These men would run in front of the chariot to honor Absalom. Alternate translation: “with fifty men to run before him to honor him”
|
||
15:2 f1j6 Your servant 0 When a man would respond to Absalom’s question he would refer to himself as “your servant” to honor Absalom.
|
||
15:3 cl8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit So Absalom would say to him 0 It is implied that the person told his case to Absalom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Absalom would ask him what his problem was, and the man would then explain to Absalom why he sought justice. Absalom would then say to him”
|
||
15:3 yts5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet good and right 0 These words have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that his case is good.
|
||
15:3 d3e6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to hear your case 0 “Hearing” a case means to listen to it and to make a judgement decision over it. Alternate translation: “to judge your case” or “to oversee your case”
|
||
15:5 n3n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction put out his hand and take hold of him and kiss him 0 This action is a friendly greeting. Alternate translation: “greet him as a friend by embracing him and kissing him”
|
||
15:6 ty61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit for judgment 0 This means that they can for the king to decide their disputes. Alternate translation: “to judge over their disputes”
|
||
15:6 xc8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel 0 This sentence means Absalom convinced the men to be loyal to him rather than to David. Here the author speaks of how the people became loyal to Absalom by saying that he stole their hearts. Alternate translation: “In this way, Absalom convinced the men of Israel to be loyal to him”
|
||
15:7 k1ju rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent It came about 0 This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line.
|
||
15:7 u4br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit at the end of four years that Absalom 0 This refers to four years after he returned to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “fours years after Absalom had returned to Jerusalem, he”
|
||
15:7 z9fc and pay a vow that I have made to Yahweh in Hebron 0 Alternate translation: “to Hebron and there fulfill a vow that I have made to Yahweh”
|
||
15:8 x8c1 For your servant 0 Here Absalom refers to himself this way to honor the king.
|
||
15:9 z24j So Absalom arose 0 Alternate translation: “So Absalom left”
|
||
15:10 k6i1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy throughout all the tribes of Israel 0 Here the places where the tribes of Israel lived are referred to as the tribes themselves. Alternate translation: “throughout the land of the tribes of Israel”
|
||
15:11 y3hm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who were invited 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who he had invited”
|
||
15:11 j5ty went in their innocence 0 Alternate translation: “went innocently”
|
||
15:12 p6px rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he sent for Ahithophel 0 This means that he sent a messenger to go get Ahithophel and bring him back to him. Alternate translation: “he sent a messenger to go get Ahithophel who was”
|
||
15:12 b237 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahithophel 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
15:12 v7wx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Giloh 0 This is the name of a place.
|
||
15:14 brg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche escape from Absalom … he will quickly … and he will bring 0 Here David speaks of Absalom and the men with him as “Absalom” himself because the men are following Absalom’s authority. Alternate translation: “escape from Absalom and his men … he and his men will quickly … and they will bring”
|
||
15:14 t8eh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy attack the city with the edge of the sword 0 The “city” is a metonym referring to the people in the city. Alternate translation: “will attack the people of our city and kill them with their swords”
|
||
15:14 fg52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 The “edge of the sword” is a synecdoche referring to the Israelites’ swords and emphasize that they killed the people in battle.
|
||
15:14 s5ik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom bring down disaster 0 This means to cause disaster to happen.
|
||
15:17 cv7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit at the last house 0 This refers to the last house they would come to when leaving the city. Alternate translation: “at the last house as they were leaving the city”
|
||
15:18 hx7p Kerethites … Pelethites 0 Translate the names of these people groups the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md).
|
||
15:18 vht5 Gittites 0 Translate the name of this people group the same as you did in [2 Samuel 6:10](../06/10.md).
|
||
15:19 u5p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ittai 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
15:19 n5dh Gittite 0 Translate the name of this people group the same as you did in [2 Samuel 6:10](../06/10.md).
|
||
15:19 k4yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why will you come with us? 0 This rhetorical question indicates that the king does not think they should go along with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to go with us.”
|
||
15:20 dw1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion why should I make you wander all over with us? 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes David did not want Ittai to come. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to cause you to wander around with us.”
|
||
15:20 wfd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole Since you just left yesterday 0 Here “yesterday” is an exaggeration that emphasizes a short amount of time. Ittai the Gittite had lived there for several years. Alternate translation: “Since you have lived here only a short time”
|
||
15:20 e3e8 May loyalty and faithfulness go with you 0 This is a blessing that David is giving to him. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh be faithful and loyal to you always”
|
||
15:21 m7sh As Yahweh lives, and as my master the king lives 0 Here the speaker is making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that as surely as Yahweh and the king live”
|
||
15:21 q3e6 your servant 0 Ittai refers to himself this way to honor the king.
|
||
15:21 u8i6 whether that means living or dying 0 Alternate translation: “even if I get killed supporting you”
|
||
15:23 y8br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole All the country wept with a loud voice 0 Many of the people of Israel wept loudly when they saw the king leaving. Here this is generalized by saying that the whole country wept. Alternate translation: “All the people along the road wept” or “Many of the people wept”
|
||
15:23 cpg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor with a loud voice 0 Here the many people who were weeping are spoken of as if they shared one loud voice. Alternate translation: “loudly”
|
||
15:23 qn5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kidron Valley 0 This is the name of a place near Jerusalem.
|
||
15:25 x2mv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I find favor in the eyes of Yahweh 0 Here the “eyes of Yahweh” refer to Yahweh’s thoughts and opinion. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is pleased with me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
15:25 cm5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy where he lives 0 “where his presence is.” The ark of the covenant symbolizes Yahweh’s presence. This refers to the place where the ark is. Alternate translation: “where it is kept”
|
||
15:27 w3ii rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahimaaz 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
15:27 k6y6 Abiathar 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 8:17](../08/17.md).
|
||
15:27 sn4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are you not a seer? 0 This rhetorical question is used to rebuke Zadok. Alternate translation: “You will be able to find out what is happening.”
|
||
15:28 nvl5 See 0 Here this word means for the listener to pay attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
|
||
15:28 a6gq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy until word comes from you 0 This refers to him sending a messenger to the king. Alternate translation: “until you send a messenger to me to inform me”
|
||
15:28 g6m3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to inform me 0 Here the king implies he is to receive a message informing him about what is happening in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “to tell me what is happening in Jerusalem”
|
||
15:30 hz16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction his head covered 0 This is a sign of mourning and shame. Alternate translation: “his head covered in mourning”
|
||
15:31 e31r Ahithophel 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:11](../15/11.md).
|
||
15:31 e4pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit please turn Ahithophel’s advice into foolishness 0 David is asking Yahweh to make Ahitohphel’s advice foolish and useless. Alternate translation: “please let whatever advice Ahithophel gives be foolishness and unsuccessful”
|
||
15:32 lr8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent It came about 0 “It happened.” This phrase marks the next event in the story line.
|
||
15:32 q4pe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit at the top of the road 0 The word “top” is used here because David went up in elevation and is at the top of a hill. Alternate translation: “at the top of the hill”
|
||
15:32 bxf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hushai 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
15:32 fmi7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Arkite 0 This is the name of a people group.
|
||
15:32 jt8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction with his coat torn and earth on his head 0 This is an act showing shame or repentance. Alternate translation: “He had torn his clothes and put dirt on his head to show that he was very sad”
|
||
15:34 xy6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit you will confuse Ahithophel’s advice for me 0 David is suggest to Hushai that he oppose whatever Ahithopel advises. Alternate translation: “you can serve me by opposing Ahithophel’s advice”
|
||
15:35 fr9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you not have the priests Zadok and Abiathar with you? 0 David asks this rhetorical question to tell Hushai that he will not be alone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Zadok and Abiathar the priests will be there to help you.”
|
||
15:35 rkm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole whatever you hear 0 This is a generalization. It means all of the important and insightful things that he hears, not every single word he hears.
|
||
15:36 yg9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahimaaz 0 These are the names of men.
|
||
15:36 z36k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche by their hand 0 The phrase “their hand” refers to the sons and means that they were to serve as messengers. Alternate translation: “their sons to tell me”
|
||
16:intro abcg 0 # 2 Samuel 16 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Absalom seeks advice from David’s advisers\nDavid’s best adviser, Ahithophel, told Absalom to publicly seduce the concubines that David had left to take care of the palace. Because the concubines were the king’s property, having sexual relations with a king’s concubines implied that Absalom was now the king. This would show the people that the break with David was complete. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
16:1 uv2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ziba 0 This is a man’s name.
|
||
16:1 rzt4 Mephibosheth 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
|
||
16:1 sje6 clusters of raisins … bunches of figs 0 These phrases refer to raisins or figs pressed together.
|
||
16:1 ibp3 raisins 0 dried grapes
|
||
16:3 h7rz your master’s grandson 0 Alternate translation: “Mephibosheth, your master’s grandson”
|
||
16:3 x26u Look 0 Here this word is used to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
|
||
16:3 b9kv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy house of Israel 0 This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel”
|
||
16:3 fvn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will restore my father’s kingdom to me 0 Having a descendant of Saul being allowed to rule is spoken of as the kingdom being restored to their family. Alternate translation: “will allow me to rule the kingdom that my grandfather ruled”
|
||
16:4 h3df Mephibosheth 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
|
||
16:4 cvm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I bow in humility to you 0 Ziba is not literally bowing before the king when he is speaking here. This means that he will serve the king with the same amount of humility he would be showing if he were literally bowing before him. Alternate translation: “I will humbly serve you”
|
||
16:4 ewk1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Let me find favor in your eyes 0 The phrase “find favor” means to be approved of by someone. Also, “eyes” is a metonym for sight, and sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “I want you to be pleased with me” or “I desire you for to be pleased with me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
16:5 q8fi Bahurim 0 Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [2 Samuel 3:16](../03/16.md).
|
||
16:5 y6uz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shimei … Gera 0 These are the names of men.
|
||
16:7 h2c4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy man of blood 0 Here “blood” refers to all of men he was responsible for killing in battle. Alternate translation: “murderer”
|
||
16:8 ju1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Yahweh has repaid 0 Yahweh repays them by punishing them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has punished”
|
||
16:8 cvt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for the blood you shed within the family of Saul 0 Here “blood” refer to people who were killed from Saul’s family. The king was responsible for them dying. Alternate translation: “for killing many of Saul’s family”
|
||
16:8 mve3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in whose place you have reigned 0 David reigned as king over the same people whom Saul had previously reigned. Alternate translation: “in whose place you have reigned as king”
|
||
16:8 uqf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy into the hand of Absalom 0 Here “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “into the control of Absalom”
|
||
16:9 wg1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abishai 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md).
|
||
16:9 jz4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zeruiah 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md).
|
||
16:9 b6wq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why should this dead dog curse my master the king? 0 Abishai asked this question to express his anger at the man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “This dead dog must not speak to the king this way.”
|
||
16:9 p79k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor this dead dog 0 Here the man is being described as worthless by being compared to a dead dog. Alternate translation: “this worthless man”
|
||
16:10 i1pm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What have I to do with you, sons of Zeruiah? 0 This rhetorical question is asked to correct the sons of Zeruiah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to know what you think!”
|
||
16:10 g4rx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who then could say to him, ‘Why are you cursing the king? 0 This is said as a rhetorical question to emphasize that the answer is “no one.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one then can ask him, ‘Why are you cursing the king?’”
|
||
16:11 y6it rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit my son, who was born from my body 0 David describes his son this way to emphasize the close bond between a father and his son. Alternate translation: “my own son” or “my dear son”
|
||
16:11 l8bj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism wants to take my life 0 This is a polite way to refer to killing someone. Alternate translation: “wants to kill me”
|
||
16:11 znl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How much more may this Benjamite now desire my ruin? 0 David uses this rhetorical question to express that he is not surprised that the man wants to kill him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Of course this Benjamite desires my ruin!” or “I am not surprised this Benjamite desires my ruin as well!”
|
||
16:11 t9uf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor desire my ruin 0 Here David describes the man’s desire to kill him as if David were something that the man wanted to ruin. Alternate translation: “desire me to be killed” or “desire to kill me”
|
||
16:11 tb7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Leave him alone and let him curse 0 Here the phrase “leave him alone” means to not stop him from what he is doing. Alternate translation: “Do not stop him from cursing me”
|
||
16:12 xk9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom will look at 0 Here “looking” means “considering.” Alternate translation: “will consider”
|
||
16:13 h7jk Shimei went beside him up on the hillside 0 Shimei was walking parallel to David and his men, though Shimei was up higher on the hillside.
|
||
16:15 l6bc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahithophel 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md).
|
||
16:16 p1gq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hushai 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md).
|
||
16:16 d97z rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent It came about 0 “It happened that.” This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line.
|
||
16:16 gp9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Arkite 0 See how you translated the name of this people group in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md).
|
||
16:17 b4yd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is this your loyalty to your friend? Why did you not go with him? 0 These rhetorical questions are asked to criticize Hushai. They can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have been a loyal friend to David; you should have gone with him.”
|
||
16:18 t8c4 the one whom Yahweh 0 Hushai is referring to Absalom.
|
||
16:18 k7hr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person the one whom … that is the man … with him 0 Here Hushai is referring to Absalom in the third person to take emphasize off of him and place it on Yahweh and the people who chose him. This can be written in second person. Alternate translation: “you are the one whom … you are the man … with you”
|
||
16:19 hq49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion what man should I serve? Should I not serve in the presence of his son? 0 Hushai asks these rhetorical questions to emphasize that he wants to serve Absalom. They can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I should serve only David’s son, so I will serve in his presence.” or “I should serve you, for you are David’s son.”
|
||
16:20 f7w3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahithophel 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md).
|
||
16:21 d7c8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism Go into your father’s slave wives 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Have sexual relations with your father’s slave wives”
|
||
16:21 jx59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor become a stench to your father 0 Ahithophel speaks of Absalom offending his father as if he would become something that had a strong and offensive odor. Alternate translation: “become offensive to your father” or “greatly insulted father”
|
||
16:21 bu9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Then the hands of all who are with you will be strong 0 Here the people who followed Absalom are referred to by their hands. The news will strengthen the peoples’ loyalty to Absalom and encourage them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The news of this will strengthen the loyalty of all who follow you”
|
||
16:22 cj6n they spread 0 Alternate translation: “they set up”
|
||
16:22 gx92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism Absalom went in to his father’s slave wives 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Absalom had sexual relations with his father’s slave wives”
|
||
16:22 v3ik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole in the sight of all Israel 0 The phrase “all of Israel” is a generalization, for only people near the palace could see it. Alternate translation: “where the Israelites could see him go into the tent”
|
||
16:23 k3y9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Now the advice of Ahithophel … was as if a man heard 0 Here the author compare how much people trusted Ahithophel’s advice with how much they would trust advice directly from God. Alternate translation: “Now people trusted the advice of Ahithophel in those days in the same way they would have trusted it if had come”
|
||
16:23 qt97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche as if a man heard from the mouth of God himself 0 Here God’s mouth represents himself and emphasizes his speech. Alternate translation: “as if God had said it with his own mouth” or “as if a man heard it spoken by God himself” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
|
||
16:23 jqr6 all of Ahithophel’s advice was viewed by both David and Absalom 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “both David and Absalom viewed all of Ahithophel’s advice”
|
||
17:intro abch 0 # 2 Samuel 17 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter
|
||
17:1 jz1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahithophel 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md).
|
||
17:2 ukx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet weary and weak 0 These words mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize how weak David was. Alternate translation: “weak”
|
||
17:2 txi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will attack only the king 0 It is implied that he intends to kill the king. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will kill only the king”
|
||
17:3 b53b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit bring back all the people 0 This refers to all of the people who were with David. Alternate translation: “bring back all of the people who were with him”
|
||
17:3 b385 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like a bride coming to her husband 0 Here Ahithophel speaks of the peoples’ happiness by comparing it to a bride’s happiness. Alternate translation: “and they will come happily, like a bride is happy when she comes to her husband” or “and they will come happily”
|
||
17:3 d16g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy under you 0 This refers to being under the king’s authority. Alternate translation: “under your authority”
|
||
17:5 b9n4 Hushai the Arkite 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md).
|
||
17:6 lw7i Ahithophel 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md).
|
||
17:8 w2fu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile they are like a bear robbed of her cubs 0 The anger of the soldiers here is being compared to that of a mother bear who cubs are taken from her. Alternate translation: “they are angry, like a mother bear whose cubs have been take from her” or “they are very angry”
|
||
17:8 ytp8 a bear 0 a large furry animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth
|
||
17:8 q99g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit is a man of war 0 This means that his has fought in many battles and knows well the ways of war. Alternate translation: “has fought in many battles”
|
||
17:9 vwd2 Look 0 Here this word is used to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
|
||
17:9 v2xp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis or in some other place 0 This is another place he may be hiding. Alternate translation: “or hidden in some other place”
|
||
17:10 g7bl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche whose hearts are like the heart of a lion 0 Here the soldiers are refers to by their “hearts.” Also, their strong bravery is compared to that of a lion’s. Alternate translation: “who are as brave as lions” or “who are very brave” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
|
||
17:11 sm9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that all Israel should be gathered together to you 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that you should gather together all of the Israelite soldiers”
|
||
17:11 e216 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 Here “all Israel” represents only the Israelite soldiers
|
||
17:11 jz3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism from Dan to Beersheba 0 This phrase means from the northern border of Israel to the southern border. Alternate translation: “from the whole nation of Israel”
|
||
17:11 vl1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole as numerous as the sands that are by the sea 0 This is an exaggeration where all the grains of sand on a beach are compared to the number of Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “so many that they can barely be counted”
|
||
17:12 v92h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom come on him 0 This means to purposefully go to where he is and then to attack.
|
||
17:12 rys8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile we will cover him as the dew falls on the ground 0 Absalom’s army is described as covering David’s army like the dew covers the ground in the morning. Alternate translation: “we will overwhelm and completely defeat David’s army”
|
||
17:12 jdy3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes We will not leave even one of his men … alive 0 This negative sentence is used for emphasis and can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “We will kill every one of his men”
|
||
17:13 cez7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit then all Israel 0 This refers to Israel’s soldiers, not to all of Israel. Alternate translation: “then all of our soldiers”
|
||
17:13 v4rx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit will bring ropes to that city and we will drag it into the river 0 This means that the soldiers would tear down the city walls and drag the pieces to river. Alternate translation: “will destroy the city and drag the stones to the river with ropes”
|
||
17:13 ua57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole until there is no longer even a small stone found there 0 This is an exaggeration to describe how completely they will destroy the city. The would not literally sweep away every small stone from the city. Alternate translation: “until the city is completely destroyed”
|
||
17:14 vg6q Hushai the Arkite 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md). Arkite is the name of a people group.
|
||
17:14 erd5 Ahithophel 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md).
|
||
17:14 j39m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the rejection of Ahithophel’s good advice 0 The word “rejection” can be expressed with the verb “reject.” Alternate translation: “for the men of Israel to reject Ahithophel’s good advice”
|
||
17:14 rwx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to bring destruction on Absalom 0 To “bring” something on someone means to cause it to happen to them. Alternate translation: “to cause a disaster to happen to Absalom”
|
||
17:15 pp5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zadok … Abiathar 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 15:24](../15/24.md).
|
||
17:15 f3gh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom in such and such a way 0 This phrase, meaning “like this,” refers to what Ahithophel advised Absalom earlier beginning in [2 Samuel 17:1](../17/01.md).
|
||
17:16 adt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the king will be swallowed up 0 Here the king and his people being killed is describes as if they were “swallowed” by their enemy. Alternate translation: “the king will be killed”
|
||
17:17 u8z7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jonathan … Ahimaaz 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md).
|
||
17:17 q25n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy When the message came 0 Here the “message” is spoken of as coming to them, when really it is the woman who came to then bringing the message. Alternate translation: “When she brought them a message”
|
||
17:17 h5de rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names spring of Rogel 0 This is the name of a place.
|
||
17:18 r7rc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit So Jonathan and Ahimaaz went away 0 It is implied that they found out that the young man had told Absalom about them being there. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Jonathan and Ahimaaz found out what the young man had done, so they went away”
|
||
17:18 t68a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Bahurim 0 This is the name of a small town.
|
||
17:19 j4xb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jonathan … Ahimaaz 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md).
|
||
17:20 f1dc the woman of the house 0 Alternate translation: “the man’s wife”
|
||
17:20 n16k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahimaaz … Jonathan 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md).
|
||
17:21 kx9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent It came about 0 “It happened.” This phrase marks the next event in the story line.
|
||
17:21 r493 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy cross quickly over the water 0 Here “the water” refers to the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “cross quickly over the river”
|
||
17:22 l8sk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes By morning daylight not one of them had failed to cross over the Jordan 0 This negative sentence is used to emphasize that they all crossed the river. It can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “By morning daylight every one of them had crossed over the Jordan”
|
||
17:23 gix9 Ahithophel saw 0 Alternate translation: “Ahithophel knew” or “Ahithophel realized”
|
||
17:23 x22t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive his advice had not been followed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Absalom had not followed his advice”
|
||
17:23 zw5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom set his affairs in order 0 He prepared for his death by telling his family what to do after he died. Alternate translation: “he prepared for his death”
|
||
17:23 b2wa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive was buried 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him”
|
||
17:24 c8ze rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mahanaim 0 Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 2:8](../02/08.md).
|
||
17:25 dur7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Amasa … Joab … Jether … Nahash 0 These are the names of men. See how you translated Joab and Zeruiah (Joab’s mother) in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md).
|
||
17:25 q7fs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism who went in to Abigail 0 This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “who had sexual relations with Abigail”
|
||
17:25 yn85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abigail … Zeruiah 0 These are the names of women.
|
||
17:26 p8z6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gilead 0 Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 2:9](../02/09.md).
|
||
17:27 a88x rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent It came about 0 This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line.
|
||
17:27 ya8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mahanaim … Rabbah … Lo Debar … Rogelim 0 These are the names of cities or places.
|
||
17:27 sb1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shobi … Nahash … Machir … Ammiel … Barzillai 0 These are the names of men.
|
||
17:27 g662 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ammonites … Gileadite 0 These are the names of people groups.
|
||
17:28 s9d6 lentils 0 a kind of seed that is cooked and eaten
|
||
18:intro abci 0 # 2 Samuel 18 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter tells of the defeat and death of Absalom, ending this section on Absalom’s rebellion.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter
|
||
18:1 y2u4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy David counted the soldiers who were with him and appointed 0 David did not count all of the people himself, rather other men counted them. Alternate translation: “David commanded for the soldiers who were with him to be counted and he appointed” or “David arranged the soldiers who were with him and appointed”
|
||
18:1 pa96 captains 0 A captain is a person who is in authority over a group of soldiers.
|
||
18:2 lu6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abishai … Zeruiah 0 See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md).
|
||
18:2 xwu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ittai 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:19](../15/19.md).
|
||
18:2 zy14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gittite 0 This refers to a person from Gath, which is a Philistine city.
|
||
18:2 s8e1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will certainly go out with you myself, too 0 This means that he will go out with them to battle. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I myself will go with you to battle” or “I personally will go with you into battle”
|
||
18:3 cmi5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit you are worth ten thousand of us 0 This means that the enemy army considering killing David of greater worth than killing 10,000 of the other men. The number 10,000 here is an exaggeration used to emphasize a very great number of people. Alternate translation: “they would rather kill you than to kill 10,000 of us” or “killing you is worth more to them than killing a great number of us”
|
||
18:3 r2hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit that you be ready to help us from the city 0 David could help them from the city by advising them and sending men to help them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “that you stay here in the city and send help to us”
|
||
18:5 idy7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abishai 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md).
|
||
18:5 nnf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ittai 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:19](../15/19.md).
|
||
18:5 jbs6 Deal gently for my sake with the young man, with Absalom 0 The phrase “Deal gently” means to be kind to someone and not to harm them.
|
||
18:6 ak3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit went out into the countryside against Israel 0 This means that they went out and fought against them in battle. Alternate translation: “went out into the countryside and fought against Israel”
|
||
18:6 na7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche against Israel 0 Here “Israel” refers to their soldiers, not all of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “against the Israelite soldiers”
|
||
18:7 xa6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The army of Israel was defeated there before the soldiers of David 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “There the soldiers of David defeated the army of Israel”
|
||
18:8 ndw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification more men were consumed by the forest than by the sword 0 Here “the forest” is described as if it were alive and could act. Alternate translation: “dangerous things in the forest killed more men than David’s soldiers killed with their swords”
|
||
18:8 zemv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy 0 “The sword” refers to David’s soldiers who fought with swords.
|
||
18:9 ua3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his head was caught up in the tree branches 0 Absalom had long hair that got caught in the tree branches. Alternate translation: “his hair was caught in the tree branches”
|
||
18:9 eys5 between the ground and the sky 0 Alternate translation: “in the air”
|
||
18:10 n893 Look 0 Here this word is used to draw a person’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
|
||
18:11 w13x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why did you not strike him down to the ground? 0 This rhetorical question means that he should have killed him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have struck him down to the ground!” or “You should have killed him immediately!”
|
||
18:11 aik2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney ten silver shekels 0 This can be written in modern units. Alternate translation: “ten silver coins” or “110 grams of silver”
|
||
18:11 xu84 belt 0 This is a special belt that shows people that someone is a great soldier and should be honored.
|
||
18:12 m6ur rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney a thousand silver shekels 0 “1,000 silver shekels.” This can be stated in modern units. Alternate translation: “1,000 silver coins” or “11 kilograms of silver”
|
||
18:12 y75l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom would not have reached out my hand against the king’s son 0 The phrase “reached out my hand” means to attack. Alternate translation: “would not have attacked the king’s son”
|
||
18:12 c6je rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom No one must touch 0 Here “touching” refers to “harming.” Alternate translation: “No none must harm” or “Do not harm”
|
||
18:13 if8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns a falsehood 0 The word “falsehood” can be expressed with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “doing something that is wrong” or “by disobeying the king”
|
||
18:13 b1r6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor there is nothing hidden from the king 0 Here the man speaks about how the king knows about almost everything that happens as if everything were a physical object he knew the location of. Alternate translation: “there is nothing that the king does not know” or “the king hears about everything that happens”
|
||
18:14 jl1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will not wait for you 0 Joab meant that he should not continue talking to the man. Alternate translation: “I will not waste anymore time talking to you”
|
||
18:14 m7ub rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche heart of Absalom 0 Here Absalom’s heart refers to his chest or upper body. Alternate translation: “chest”
|
||
18:16 f9za rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Then Joab blew the trumpet, and the army returned from pursuing Israel, for Joab held back the army 0 This describes what Joab commanded by blowing the trumpet. Alternate translation: “Then Joab blew the trumpet to call back the army, and the army returned from pursuing Israel”
|
||
18:16 ji7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche returned from pursuing Israel 0 Here “Israel” refers to the Israelite army. Alternate translation: “returned from pursuing the Israelite army”
|
||
18:17 d3n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they buried his body under a very large pile of stones 0 After putting his body in the pit they covered it with a pile of stones. This can be stated more clearly. Alternate translation: “they covered his body with a huge pile of stones”
|
||
18:17 b87l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche while all Israel fled 0 Here “all Israel” refers to the Israelite soldiers. The word “fled” means “ran away.” Alternate translation: “while all the Israelite soldiers ran away”
|
||
18:18 s18q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the King’s Valley 0 This is the name of a place.
|
||
18:18 j9s8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to carry along the memory of my name 0 Absalom uses the phrase “my name” to refer to himself and his family line. Alternate translation: “to carry on my family name, by which people would remember me”
|
||
18:18 tg1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive so it is called Absalom’s Monument to this very day 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so people called it Absalom’s Monument from that day on”
|
||
18:18 h1qh to this very day 0 This refers to the present time when this book of the Bible was written.
|
||
18:19 md2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahimaaz 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md).
|
||
18:19 qby5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor run to the king with the good news 0 Here Ahimaaz speaks of running to go and tell the king the good news as if the good news were a object that he were carrying. Alternate translation: “run to tell the king the good news”
|
||
18:19 jyg5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of his enemies 0 Here “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “the control of his enemies”
|
||
18:20 qeg4 the bearer of news 0 Alternate translation: “the one who tells the news”
|
||
18:21 q3lf tell the king what you have seen 0 Joab is telling him to go and tell the king about the news of the battle.
|
||
18:24 zqb5 Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line and the beginning of a new part of the story.
|
||
18:24 t7w3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor raised his eyes 0 Here the watchman looking to see something is spoken of as if he lifted up his eyes. Alternate translation: “looked out beyond the city”
|
||
18:25 r6br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor there is news in his mouth 0 Here the king speaks of the man having a message as if the news were an object sitting in his mouth. Alternate translation: “he has news to tell us”
|
||
18:27 zpr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile I think the running of the man in front is like the running of Ahimaaz son of Zadok 0 The watchman compares the way the man ran to the way Ahimaaz runs to suggest that it may be him. Alternate translation: “I think the man running in front is Ahimaaz son Zadok, because he runs like Ahimaaz”
|
||
18:28 ft3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction He bowed himself before the king with his face to the ground 0 He did this to honor the king. Alternate translation: “He bowed himself before the king with his face to the ground to honor the king”
|
||
18:28 e5ky rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the men who lifted up their hand against my master the king 0 Here Ahimaaz speaks of the men opposing the king as if they were raising their hands before him. Alternate translation: “the men who opposed and fought against my master the king”
|
||
18:29 l8s8 a great disturbance 0 This means that people were acting as though things were not right.
|
||
18:30 bg95 Turn aside and stand here 0 Alternate translation: “Move out of the way” or “Stand aside”
|
||
18:31 e1tf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom rose up against 0 This means to oppose. Alternate translation: “opposed”
|
||
18:32 s9h4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile The enemies of my master the king, & should be as that young man is 0 The Cushite uses a comparison as a polite way to tell the king that Absalom is dead. This can be stated more directly. Alternate translation: “I would like all your enemies … to die the way that young man died”
|
||
18:33 la2k was deeply unnerved 0 Alternate translation: “was very unhappy” or “was trembling with grief”
|
||
19:intro abcj 0 # 2 Samuel 19 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### David told to stop mourning Absalom\n\nJoab warned David that if he continued to mourn Absalom and not thank his army, they would all desert him. So David went out to encourage the soldiers. David was both a good father and a good leader.\n\n### David made king again\n\nThis chapter record the recognition that David was the true king of Israel. It is important to remember that even though Absalom had power for a while, David never stopped being the king.\n\n### The ten tribes and Judah argue over David\n\nThe ten tribes of Israel argued with the tribe of Judah about who would bring David across the river. The men of Judah answered the ten tribes very harshly. This may foreshadow, or give a glimpse of, the future civil war that would come to divide these two groups.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nThe people wanted David back as their king and expressed it in a rhetorical question: “So why are we not talking about bringing the king back?” David also used a question to persuade the people of Judah to bring him back: “You are my brothers, my flesh and bone. Why then are you the last to bring back the king?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||
19:1 wl3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Joab was told 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Joab”
|
||
19:1 ggg6 Look, the king is weeping 0 The word “Look” is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen, the king is weeping”
|
||
19:2 jq6i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit So the victory that day was turned into mourning for all the army 0 This means that the whole army mourned instead of celebrating. AT “So instead of celebrating victory that day, the whole army mourned”
|
||
19:3 c8b8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like people who are ashamed sneak away when they run from battle 0 The author compares the way that the soldiers had to sneak back into the city to the way that soldiers sneak away when they are running away from battle. This emphasizes that they were made to feel ashamed. Alternate translation: “in the same way that people who had run away from battle would sneak away because they were ashamed”
|
||
19:3 z9zj sneak 0 move without being seen by others
|
||
19:4 bt57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction The king covered his face 0 This is a way to express grief and mourning. Alternate translation: “The king showed his grief by covering his face”
|
||
19:5 ve2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche You have shamed the faces of all your soldiers today 0 Here the soldiers are referred to by their face to emphasize how they would have hid their faces because of their shame. Alternate translation: “You have caused all your soldiers to hide their faces in shame today” or “You have caused all of your soldiers to be ashamed today”
|
||
19:6 sx3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole nothing to you 0 This phrase is an exaggeration, but it expresses the very low value that David showed for the army. Alternate translation: “are worth very little to you”
|
||
19:6 si4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo if Absalom had lived, and we all had died, then that would have pleased you 0 The speaker is giving a hypothetical situation.
|
||
19:7 h9b9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I swear by Yahweh 0 Joab is making a very strong oath. Alternate translation: “I swear, as surely as Yahweh is alive”
|
||
19:7 p34h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives if you do not go, not one man will remain with you 0 This means that only if David went would his soldiers remain with him. Alternate translation: “only if you go will any of your men remain with you”
|
||
19:7 m2uc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom not one man will remain with you 0 This refers to them remaining loyal to him. Alternate translation: “not one man will remain loyal to you”
|
||
19:8 e6vs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole all the people were told 0 This is a generalization. It means most of the men. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “many of the men who were there heard others saying” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
19:8 msv7 Look, the king is sitting 0 The word “Look” is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen, the king is sitting”
|
||
19:8 q8cd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole all the people 0 Here “the people” refer to the people who followed David. Here “all” is an generalization. It means a large number came and gathered around him. Alternate translation: “many of the people”
|
||
19:8 k5ue rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche So Israel fled, every man to his home 0 Here “Israel” refers to the Israelite soldiers who followed Absalom. Alternate translation: “And every Israelite soldier fled to his own home” or “And all of the Israelite soldiers fled to their homes”
|
||
19:9 ypj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of the hand of our enemies 0 Here “hand” means control. Alternate translation: “from under the control of our enemies” or “from our enemies’ control”
|
||
19:9 wn5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of the hand of the Philistines 0 Here “hand” means control. Alternate translation: “from under the control of the Philistines” or “from the Philistines’ control”
|
||
19:9 w56d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit out of the land because of Absalom 0 This means that he had left the country fleeing from Absalom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “out of the country fleeing from Absalom”
|
||
19:10 h2rq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion why do you say nothing about bringing the king back? 0 This means they should consider bringing David back now that Absalom was dead. The question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “we should be talking about bringing the king back.”
|
||
19:10 n7fv the king 0 This refers to David.
|
||
19:11 ywv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom sent to Zadok and to Abiathar 0 This means that David sent a messenger to Zadok and Abiathar. Alternate translation: “sent a messenger to Zadok and to Abiathar”
|
||
19:11 jd6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why are you the last to bring the king back … to bring him back to his palace? 0 This rhetorical question is asked to rebuke the elders in Judah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have been the first to favor the king and bring him back to the palace, not the people of the nation of Israel.”
|
||
19:11 d4d9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns since the talk of all Israel favors the king, to bring 0 The noun “talk” can be expressed with the verb “talk” or “speak.” Alternate translation: “since all Israel speaks favorably about the king and desires to bring” or “since what the people of Israel are saying is in the king’s favor, to bring”
|
||
19:11 v8mv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to bring the king back to his palace 0 Here restoring the king’s authority to rule is spoken of as bringing him back to his palace. Alternate translation: “to restore the king’s authority as king”
|
||
19:12 si3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You are my brothers, my flesh and bone 0 The king uses these to phrases to emphasize that they are closely related. Being or having the same flesh is a metaphor for belonging to the same family or tribe. Alternate translation: “You are my brothers, and we have the same flesh and bone” or “You are my brothers, my close relatives”
|
||
19:12 n4pu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why then are you the last to bring back the king? 0 This is the second rhetorical question here and it is also a rebuke for the elders of Judah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have been the first, not the last, to bring back the king.”
|
||
19:13 uf92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Amasa 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 17:25](../17/25.md).
|
||
19:13 h28k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are you not my flesh and my bone? 0 David uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that they are related. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are my flesh and my bones.”
|
||
19:13 f88h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my flesh and my bone 0 Here David speaks of them being related by saying that they have the same flesh and bones. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Samuel 19:12](../19/12.md). Alternate translation: “my relative”
|
||
19:13 gk6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom God do so to me 0 This is an idiom that means for God to kill him. Alternate translation: “May God kill me”
|
||
19:14 g6z6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he won the hearts 0 Here the mens’ loyalty is referred to as their “hearts.” Alternate translation: “he won the loyalty”
|
||
19:14 w82p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor as one man 0 This speaks of the men being united in their loyalty to the king as if they were one man with the same mind. Alternate translation: “and they were united together” or “they were united in their loyalty to the king”
|
||
19:14 a3id rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom They sent to the king 0 This means that they sent a messenger to the king. Alternate translation: “They sent a messenger to the king”
|
||
19:16 p33r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gera 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
19:16 ke2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Bahurim 0 Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 3:16](../03/16.md).
|
||
19:17 kj6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ziba 0 This is the name of a man. Translate as you did in [2 Samuel 9:2](../09/02.md).
|
||
19:17 e34y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers one thousand men … fifteen sons … twenty servants 0 “1,000 men … 15 sons … 20 servants”
|
||
19:17 s7u2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in the presence of the king 0 This means that the king was there and was aware of what was happening. Alternate translation: “at the place where the king was”
|
||
19:19 tx71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom call to mind 0 This means “to remember.” Alternate translation: “remember”
|
||
19:19 m7n5 your servant 0 Here Shimei refers to himself this way to humble himself before the king and honor the king.
|
||
19:19 s3zc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom not take it to heart 0 “To take something to heart” means to think about something seriously or to be bothered by it. Alternate translation: “not be bothered by it” or “forget about it”
|
||
19:21 w2c6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abishai 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md).
|
||
19:21 p13v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zeruiah 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md).
|
||
19:21 yth5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should not Shimei be put to death for this, because he cursed Yahweh’s anointed? 0 Abishai was angry at Shimei for cursing David and is suggesting that he should be killed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Shimei should be put to death because he cursed Yahweh’s anointed.”
|
||
19:21 spv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Yahweh’s anointed 0 This refers to David. It means that he is the man that Yahweh had anointed as king. Alternate translation: “the man that Yahweh has anointed as king”
|
||
19:22 dn85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What have I to do with you … that you should today be adversaries to me? 0 David uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Abishai. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have nothing in common with you, you sons of Zeruiah! You have no good reason to become my adversaries today.”
|
||
19:22 s4fe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will any man be put to death today in Israel? For do I not know that today I am king over Israel? 0 David uses these rhetorical questions to continue rebuking Abishai. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “No person will be executed today in the nation of Israel, because today I am the one who is king over all of Israel.”
|
||
19:22 f3ky rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Will any man be put to death 0 This phrase “put to death” means to be killed or executed. Alternate translation: “Will any man be killed” or “Will I order any man to die”
|
||
19:22 t2u7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion For do I not know that today I am king over Israel? 0 Possible meanings of this rhetorical question are: (1) “I know that I am still king of Israel.” or (2) “Today I am the one who is king over Israel!”
|
||
19:24 kg79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mephibosheth 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
|
||
19:24 sc2i He had not dressed his feet 0 “He had not cared for his feet.” Mephibosheth’s feet were crippled. This phrase means that he had not taken proper care of his feet.
|
||
19:25 zrh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Why did you not go with me, Mephibosheth? 0 David is asking Mephibosheth why he did not go with David when David and all the people who followed him left Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Why did you not go with me when I left Jerusalem, Mephibosheth?”
|
||
19:27 vh2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ziba 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 9:2](../09/02.md).
|
||
19:27 bk18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile my master the king is like an angel of God 0 Here David’s wisdom is compared to the wisdom of an angel. Alternate translation: “my master the king is as wise as an angel of God”
|
||
19:27 jn77 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom do what is good in your eyes 0 This means to do what you think is right. Alternate translation: “do what you believe to be the right thing to do”
|
||
19:28 rll4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor all my father’s house were dead men before my master the king 0 Mephibosheth speaks of how his relatives had deserved to be executed as if they had already been executed and were dead. Alternate translation: “all my father’s house deserved for my master the king to order them to be executed”
|
||
19:28 ww9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my father’s house 0 This refers to his father’s relatives. Alternate translation: “my father’s relatives”
|
||
19:28 fa5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What right therefore have I that I should still cry any more to the king? 0 Mephibosheth uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he has no right to request anything from the king. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Therefore, I have no right to ask the king to do anything else for me.”
|
||
19:29 wt65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why explain anything further? 0 David uses this rhetorical question to tell him that he does not need to continue talking about his conflict with Ziba. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to explain this any further.” or “You certainly do not need to say any more.”
|
||
19:31 yk1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Barzillai 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md).
|
||
19:31 zak8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gileadite 0 See how you translated the name of this people group in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md).
|
||
19:31 w1ce rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Rogelim 0 See how you translated the name of this place in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md).
|
||
19:31 g56k the Jordan 0 the Jordan River
|
||
19:32 ffn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mahanaim 0 See how you translated the name of this place in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md).
|
||
19:32 cj9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers eighty years old 0 “80 years old”
|
||
19:32 a2k7 had furnished the king with provisions 0 Alternate translation: “had provided what the king needed”
|
||
19:34 y2r5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How many days are left in the years of my life, that I should go up with the king to Jerusalem? 0 Here Barzillai means that he is old and that there is no reason for him to accompany David. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am certainly not going to live many more years. There is no good reason for me to go up with the king to Jerusalem.”
|
||
19:35 sy7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers eighty years old 0 “80 years old”
|
||
19:35 n8fn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can I distinguish between good and bad? 0 Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. Here “good” and “bad” refer to what is desirable and what is not. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot distinguish between what is desirable and what is not.”
|
||
19:35 d6qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can your servant taste what I eat or what I drink? 0 Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot enjoy the taste of what I eat and drink.”
|
||
19:35 dgv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women? 0 Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot hear well the voices of singing men and singing women.”
|
||
19:35 f2zi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why then should your servant be a burden to my master the king? 0 Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not want to be a burden to the king. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your servant should not go with you and be a burden to you.”
|
||
19:36 x8m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why should the king repay me with such a reward? 0 Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not know why the king would reward him this way. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not know why the king would repay me with such a great reward”
|
||
19:37 tj5t 0 # General Information:\n\nBarzillai asks that Kimham be allowed to take his place instead with David.
|
||
19:37 lt2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kimham 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
19:37 wef7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit by the grave of my father and my mother 0 This does not mean that he wants to die right next to their graves, but rather, that he wants to die in the city where they are buried. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “where my father’s and my mother’s graves are” or “where my father and my mother are buried”
|
||
19:37 sn5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis Let him cross over 0 This refers to crossing the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “Let him cross over the Jordan”
|
||
19:38 sm6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Kimham will go over with me 0 This refers to crossing the Jordan River. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Kimham will cross the river with me”
|
||
19:40 v221 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis crossed over to Gilgal 0 They crossed over the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “crossed over the river to Gilgal”
|
||
19:40 hzp4 Kimham 0 See how you translated this name in [2 Samuel 19:37](../19/37.md).
|
||
19:40 jw3n All the army of Judah brought the king over, and also half the army of Israel 0 Alternate translation: “All the army of Judah and half the army of Israel brought the king over”
|
||
19:40 t9rb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis brought the king over 0 They crossed over the Jordan River with the king. Alternate translation: “escorted the king over the river”
|
||
19:41 sbd9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why have our brothers, the men of Judah … and all David’s men with him? 0 The men of Israel use this question to express that they feel betrayed by the people of Judah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is not right that our brothers, the men of Judah, who did not support you as king, had the privilege of bringing you and your family back across the Jordan River.”
|
||
19:41 r7ae rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor stolen you away 0 The men of Israel speak of how the men of Judah escorted the king across the river as if the king were something they stole that did not belong to them. Alternate translation: “taken you away from us”
|
||
19:41 hgi3 the Jordan 0 the Jordan River
|
||
19:42 nu1g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why then are you angry about this? 0 The men of Judah ask this rhetorical question to rebuke the men of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “But you have no reason to be upset about this.”
|
||
19:42 u3wj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have we eaten anything that the king had to pay for? Has he given us any gifts? 0 The men of Judah ask the question to express that they have not taken anything from the king. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “The king has never paid for our food, and he has never given us any gifts.”
|
||
19:43 nbt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit we have even more right to David than you 0 “we have a greater claim to David than you do.” It may be helpful to state clearly what having “more right” means. Alternate translation: “we have more right to serve the king and to be with the king than you do”
|
||
19:43 vc2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why then did you despise us? 0 The men of Israel ask this rhetorical question to express their anger. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have despised us!”
|
||
19:43 vlb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Was not our proposal to bring back our king the first to be heard? 0 The men of Israel ask this question to remind and rebuke the people of Judah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We were the first to suggest that we bring back the king!”
|
||
19:43 el5k the words of the men of Judah were even more harsh than the words of the men of Israel 0 Alternate translation: “the men of Judah spoke even more harshly than the men of Israel did”
|
||
20:intro abck 0 # 2 Samuel 20 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Sheba’s revolt\nA man named Sheba told the people of the ten tribes that David was Judah’s king, but not their king. David worked hard to preserve unity in Israel after this time of division.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Idiom\n\nJoab used an idiom “has lifted up his hand against the king, against David” meaning “revolted against David,” to explain why his army was attacking the city of Able. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||
20:1 fz8c to be at the same place 0 This refers to the town of Gilgal.
|
||
20:1 a6ci rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Sheba … Bikri 0 These are names of men.
|
||
20:1 l45i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism We have no part in David, neither have we any inheritance in the son of Jesse 0 Both of these statements mean the same thing. Sheba is emphasizing that he and the tribes of Israel have no relationship with David. Alternate translation: “The inheritance of David and his father’s family does not belong to us” or “We are not a part of David and his father’s family” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
20:3 j97w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to keep the palace 0 Here the phrase “to keep” means to take care of. Alternate translation: “to take care of the palace”
|
||
20:3 e4kn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom in a house under guard 0 If a house is “under guard” it means that a guard is posted at the house. Alternate translation: “in a house and put a guard there”
|
||
20:3 ymh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism he did not lie with them 0 This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he did not have sexual relations with them”
|
||
20:3 b16i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom they were shut up 0 This means that they were not allowed to leave the house. Alternate translation: “they were shut inside the house”
|
||
20:3 p4su widows 0 These are women whose husbands have died.
|
||
20:4 zm4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Amasa 0 This is the commander of David’s army. See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 17:25](../17/25.md).
|
||
20:6 ai94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abishai 0 This is another commander of David’s army. See how you translated his name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md).
|
||
20:6 qm7j do us more harm 0 Alternate translation: “hurt us more”
|
||
20:6 gm22 your master’s servants, my soldiers 0 The phrase “my soldiers” clarifies which “servants.” David refers to himself as “your master” as a formal way of speaking to someone with less authority.
|
||
20:6 q3jp pursue after 0 Alternate translation: “chase after”
|
||
20:6 g2i6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he will find fortified cities 0 This means that Sheba and his men will enter these cities to hide from David’s army. The word “he” represents Sheba but refers to both him and his men. Alternate translation: “he and his men will hide in fortified cities” or “he and his men will take refuge in fortified cities” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
|
||
20:6 lm43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of our sight 0 Here David refers to his army by their sight to emphasize that Sheba and his men would be hidden and David’s army would be unable to capture them. Alternate translation: “from us”
|
||
20:7 x1ai rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kerethites … Pelethites 0 These are the names of people groups who helped to protect King David. See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md).
|
||
20:8 kyh2 When they were 0 Alternate translation: “When Joab and the men of Judah were”
|
||
20:8 g899 belt 0 a strip of leather or other material used to hold clothing or weapons in place
|
||
20:8 gg8n sheathed sword 0 This means the sword was in its protective covering.
|
||
20:8 mw2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the sword fell out 0 Joab let the sword fall out to fool Amasa into thinking that he Joab was unarmed, so that Amasa would allow him to walk closer to him. Alternate translation: “he allowed the sword to fall on the ground so Amasa would think he was unarmed”
|
||
20:9 cca2 my cousin 0 Amasa was the son of the sister of Joab’s mother.
|
||
20:9 yw2u took Amasa by the beard with his right hand to kiss him 0 This was a common way for men to greet one another.
|
||
20:10 e612 dagger 0 a short sword that is easy to hide and was often used for close-in fighting and assassinations
|
||
20:10 pd2k bowels spilled 0 Alternate translation: “intestines spilled”
|
||
20:11 m94g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he who is for David 0 To be “for” someone means to support them. Alternate translation: “he who supports David” or “he who is loyal to David”
|
||
20:12 dp5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Amasa lay wallowing in his blood 0 “Amasa lay squirming in his blood.” Amasa may have still been alive and rolling in his blood, but he was probably dead by this time. It is described this way to show how gruesome his body looked. Alternate translation: “Amasa lay dead in his blood”
|
||
20:12 r75k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit all the people stood still … came by him stood still 0 This means they stopped walking and were staring at Amasa’s dead body. Alternate translation: “all the people stood still staring at the dead body … came by him stood still, staring at his dead body”
|
||
20:12 rgl8 he carried Amasa 0 Alternate translation: “he carried Amasa’s body”
|
||
20:13 y3pd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive After Amasa was taken off the road 0 This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “After the man took Amasa off the road”
|
||
20:13 x48e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns in pursuit of 0 This abstract noun can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “pursuing”
|
||
20:14 ppx4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Sheba passed through 0 Here “Sheba” refers to both him and his army. Alternate translation: “Sheba and his army” or “Sheba and his men”
|
||
20:14 b6n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Abel Beth Maacah 0 Both Abel and Beth Maacah names refer to the same place and may be combined. It is a city near the tribe of Dan.
|
||
20:14 k4pw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names of the Bikrites 0 This is the name of a people group.
|
||
20:14 ig39 also pursued Sheba 0 Alternate translation: “also followed Sheba”
|
||
20:15 u7dg They caught up with him 0 Alternate translation: “Joab and the soldiers caught up with him”
|
||
20:15 t6t2 against the city against the wall 0 Alternate translation: “against the city wall”
|
||
20:15 n7h9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit battered the wall to knock it down 0 This means that they used a battering ram to knock down the wall. A battering ram was a cut tree or large log with a sharpened end or an end covered in metal. It was held by several men who would pound the end against a wall. Alternate translation: “used a battering ram to knock down the wall”
|
||
20:16 k1s4 Listen, please listen 0 The repetition of “Listen” strengthens the woman’s plea.
|
||
20:17 a5x5 Listen to the words of your servant 0 The woman refers to herself as “your servant.” This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority.
|
||
20:18 xv3v that advice would end the matter 0 Alternate translation: “that advice would solve the problem”
|
||
20:19 l2yb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis most peaceful and faithful in Israel 0 This describes the cities. Alternate translation: “most peaceful and faithful cities in Israel”
|
||
20:19 vb6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor city that is a mother in Israel 0 This speaks of the importance of this city among the nation of Israel as if it were a well respected mother. Alternate translation: “city that everyone in Israel respects like they would their mother” or “city that is very important and that Israel respects”
|
||
20:19 f7wf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why do you want to swallow up the inheritance of Yahweh? 0 Here the woman uses a rhetorical question to suggest to Joab what they should not do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not destroy the city that is Yahweh’s inheritance!”
|
||
20:19 h83g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor swallow up 0 Here the woman speaks of the army destroying the city as if the city were food to be swallowed. Alternate translation: “destroy”
|
||
20:19 v31s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the inheritance of Yahweh 0 Here the city is referred to as Yahweh’s inheritance to emphasize that it belongs to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “a city that belongs to Yahweh”
|
||
20:20 kn3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Far be it, far be it from me, that I should 0 He repeats this phrase to emphasize that this is something he would never do. Alternate translation: “Truly, truly, I would never”
|
||
20:20 u14u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis that I should swallow up or destroy 0 This refers to destroying the city. This may be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “that I should swallow up or destroy your city”
|
||
20:20 lh3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet swallow up or destroy 0 Both of these phrases means to destroy. In the first phrase “destroying” is spoken of as if it were “swallowing.” These may be combined. Alternate translation: “ruin or destroy the city” or “destroy” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
20:21 bq5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom has lifted up his hand against 0 This means to rebel and fight against someone. Alternate translation: “has opposed” or “is rebelling against”
|
||
20:21 vu8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Give up him alone 0 Joab is asking for the people of the city to release Sheba to him. Alternate translation: “Hand this man over to us” or “Give this man to us”
|
||
20:21 rt99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I will withdraw from the city 0 Here the “I” refers to both Joab and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “We will withdraw from the city”
|
||
20:21 tda3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive His head will be thrown 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “We will throw his head”
|
||
20:22 p855 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Then the woman went to all the people in her wisdom 0 This means that the woman acted wisely and spoke to her people about what they should do. Alternate translation: “Then the wise woman spoke to all the people”
|
||
20:22 l63y every man to his home 0 Alternate translation: “every man went to his own home”
|
||
20:23 ail7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now 0 “Now” marks a break in the main story line. This new section gives background information about the men who served King David.
|
||
20:23 bu9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Joab was over … Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over 0 The phrase “was over” refers to having authority over a group of people. Alternate translation: “Joab had authority over … Benaiah son of Jehoiada had authority over”
|
||
20:23 di2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Benaiah … Jehoiada 0 Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md).
|
||
20:23 s3i1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kerethites … Pelethites 0 Translate the names of these people groups the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md).
|
||
20:24 hw6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Adoniram was over 0 The phrase “was over” refers to having authority over a group of people. Alternate translation: “Adoniram had authority over”
|
||
20:24 qv95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Adoniram 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
20:24 rx8x the men who did forced labor 0 Alternate translation: “the slave workers”
|
||
20:24 hbx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jehoshaphat … Ahilud 0 Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:16](../08/16.md).
|
||
20:25 pjz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Sheva 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
20:26 w67i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ira 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
20:26 qk9a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jairite 0 This is the name of a people group.
|
||
21:intro abcl 0 # 2 Samuel 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Famine caused by a broken oath\n\nWhen Israel first conquered the land, they promised not to kill the people of Gibeon. When Saul tried to kill them all, God caused a famine in Israel. David made amends with the people of Gideon and the famine ended. David also kept his vow to Jonathan’s sons. This helps to show the wisdom of king David. Although these people were not Israelites, they believed in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])\n\n### Wisdom, grace and justice\nDavid is seen to have many great qualities in this chapter. These were qualities important for a king of Israel: wisdom, grace and justice. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
|
||
21:1 yc9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche sought the face of Yahweh 0 Here “face” is a synecdoche for Yahweh’s presence. This means David prayed to Yahweh for an answer about the famine.
|
||
21:1 f1fs because of Saul and his murderous family 0 Saul had killed many Gibeonites, and Saul’s descendants are guilty because of this sin.
|
||
21:2 j82w rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now 0 Here “Now” marks a break in the main story line. This gives background information about the Gibeonites.
|
||
21:3 r66c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism What should I do for you? How can I make atonement … promises? 0 These two sentences have similar meanings. Alternate translation: “What can I do to remove this sin, so that you may bless the people of Yahweh, who inherit his goodness and promises?”
|
||
21:4 xp8q It is not a matter of silver or gold 0 Alternate translation: “Money will not solve the problem”
|
||
21:5 tq7e who schemed against us 0 Alternate translation: “who made plans against us”
|
||
21:6 hce6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive let seven men from his descendants be handed over to us 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “allow your men to give seven of his descendants to us”
|
||
21:6 ac94 we will hang them 0 Alternate translation: “we will execute them by hanging”
|
||
21:6 gb8q in Gibeah of Saul 0 Saul was from the town of Gibeah.
|
||
21:6 s77u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the one chosen by Yahweh 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one whom Yahweh chose”
|
||
21:7 u686 Mephibosheth 0 Mephibosheth was the son of Jonathan. See how you translated his name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
|
||
21:8 nz4w Rizpah … Aiah 0 Rizpah was a woman and her father was Aiah. See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 3:7](../03/07.md).
|
||
21:8 vnv4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Armoni and Mephibosheth … Adriel … Barzillai 0 These are names of men. This is not the same Mephibosheth as the son of Jonathan.
|
||
21:8 ab2b Merab 0 This is the name of a woman. See how you translated it in [2 Samuel 3:13](../03/13.md).
|
||
21:8 p5t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Meholathite 0 This is the name of a people group.
|
||
21:9 ji6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy He handed them over into the hands of the Gibeonites 0 Here “the hands of the Gibeonites” represents the Gibeonite people’s control. Alternate translation: “He gave them to the Gibeonites”
|
||
21:9 uyb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive They were put to death 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Gibeonites put them to death”
|
||
21:10 vaz5 Rizpah … Aiah 0 Rizpah was a woman and her father was Aiah. See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 3:7](../03/07.md).
|
||
21:11 hs9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive It was told to David 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told David”
|
||
21:12 z1rv Jabesh Gilead 0 Jabesh is a town in the region of Gilead. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 2:4](../02/04.md).
|
||
21:12 vw7s the public square 0 This is an area near the city gate where people did various kinds of business.
|
||
21:12 nd8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beth Shan 0 This is the name of a place.
|
||
21:12 ku3i Gilboa 0 See how you translated the name of this place in [2 Samuel 1:6](../01/06.md).
|
||
21:13 n7ji rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who had been hanged 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the Gibeonites executed by hanging”
|
||
21:14 ai2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zela 0 This is the name of a town in Benjamin.
|
||
21:14 bga5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kish 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
21:14 kw3r his father 0 Alternate translation: “Saul’s father”
|
||
21:16 d7sb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ishbi-Benob 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
21:16 b31k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight three hundred shekels 0 “300 shekels.” This is about 3.4 kilograms. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||
21:17 e49h Abishai son of Zeruiah 0 Abishai and Zeruiah are names of men. See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md).
|
||
21:17 d893 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you do not put out the lamp of Israel 0 The “lamp of Israel” is a metaphor that refers to David’s leadership and the idea that if David were to die, the people of Israel would have no clear direction.
|
||
21:18 i8h8 It came about after this that 0 This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
|
||
21:18 ei1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Gob 0 This is the name of a town.
|
||
21:18 zih5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Sibbekai … Saph 0 These are names of men.
|
||
21:18 zz7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hushathite … Rephaim 0 These are names of people groups.
|
||
21:18 g7p1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Rephaim 0 This people group was known for its giant warriors.
|
||
21:19 pv8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants Elhanan son of Jair the Bethlehemite killed Goliath the Gittite 0 Some versions translate this as “Elhanan son of Jair the Bethlehemite killed the brother of Goliath the Gittite.”
|
||
21:19 xl44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Elhanan son of Jair … Goliath 0 These are names of men.
|
||
21:19 x5yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Bethlehemite … Gittite 0 These are names of people groups.
|
||
21:19 b7w9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile whose spear was like a weaver’s beam 0 When a person was weaving a cloth he would run the threads through hooks attached to large sticks called a “weaver’s beam.” This means Goliath’s spear was larger than a normal spear.
|
||
21:20 nqr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty-four in number 0 “24 fingers and toes altogether”
|
||
21:20 cka4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Rephaim 0 This people group was known for its giant warriors.
|
||
21:21 j56u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jonathan son of Shimeah 0 These are names of men. Shimeah was David’s brother.
|
||
21:22 mqg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom they were killed by the hand of David and by the hand of his soldiers 0 Here “by the hand of” means “through” or “by.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers killed them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
22:intro abcm 0 # 2 Samuel 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 22:2–51.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### God rescued David\n\nGod rescued David when he thought he would die. He protected David, fought against his enemies, and enabled him to defeat his enemies.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nDavid uses many metaphors to express his trust in God’s protection: “my rock, my fortress, my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold and my refuge.” He used other metaphors to express his hopelessness: “the waves of death surrounded me,” “the rushing waters of worthlessness overwhelmed me,” “the cords of sheol surrounded me;” “the snares of death trapped me,” and “the surging water.” He also used metaphors for the victory God gave him: “I can run over a barricade” and “by my God I can leap over a wall.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
|
||
22:1 vx4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nDavid’s song to Yahweh starts. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying.
|
||
22:1 sh9l out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul 0 This is a progression from enemies in general to one specific enemy of David, King Saul.
|
||
22:1 gzu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of the hand of 0 This metonym means “out of the power of.”
|
||
22:2 t5y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh is my rock, my fortress 0 This metaphor shows a progression from a part, “rock,” to the whole, “fortress.” A fortress is built of many large rocks. This means Yahweh has the strength to protect his people from harm.
|
||
22:3 h8pd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor God is my rock … He is my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold 0 All of these metaphors are symbols of God’s strength and power. They emphasize God’s ability to protect and save his people.
|
||
22:4 v4up rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive who is worthy to be praised 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who is worthy to receive praise”
|
||
22:4 p1jc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive I will be saved from my enemies 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will save me from my enemies”
|
||
22:5 xvj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For the waves of death surrounded me, the rushing waters of destruction overwhelmed me 0 David compares the wicked men who wanted to kill him to flood waters that are about to drown him. These sentences have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
22:5 p6bv the rushing waters of destruction 0 This is a picture of fast-flowing flood waters that destroy everything in their path.
|
||
22:6 d6ka rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The cords of Sheol surrounded me; the snares of death trapped me 0 David speaks about death and Sheol as if they are people who are trying to trap him as a hunter traps an animal. These phrases have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
22:7 m7xw In my distress 0 Alternate translation: “In my great trouble”
|
||
22:7 dv16 he heard my voice from his temple 0 David is referring to the heavenly temple where Yahweh dwells. The earthly temple has not yet been built.
|
||
22:7 v2zx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my call for help went into his ears 0 Here the metonym “his ears” refers to Yahweh and his hearing of David’s call for help. Alternate translation: “he heard my prayer for help”
|
||
22:7 w8ts rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification his ears 0 David speaks of Yahweh as if he had ears.
|
||
22:8 ai6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Then the earth shook 0 This is Yahweh’s response to David’s cry for help from his enemies ([1 Samuel 22:7](./07.md)). David uses the imagery of the earth shaking to emphasize Yahweh’s terrible anger.
|
||
22:8 gxt8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism earth shook … heavens trembled 0 David speaks of the two extremes to include everything in creation.
|
||
22:8 x6xl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive and were shaken, because God was angry 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because God’s anger shook them”
|
||
22:9 qf19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor were ignited by it 0 This is Yahweh’s response to David’s cry for help from his enemies ([1 Samuel 22:7](./07.md)). David uses the imagery of fire coming from Yahweh to emphasize Yahweh’s terrible anger.
|
||
22:9 c8xq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification his nostrils … his mouth 0 David speaks of Yahweh as if he had these humans parts.
|
||
22:9 cq54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Coals were ignited by it 0 Here Yahweh’s anger is compared to fire, which causes coals to ignite and burn. Alternate translation: “The flame from his mouth set coals on fire” or “He also sent burning coals from his mouth”
|
||
22:10 f5ym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He opened the heavens 0 David describes Yahweh’s way of saving David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes God’s power and his anger.
|
||
22:10 pg86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification under his feet 0 David speaks of God as having feet like humans.
|
||
22:11 r4l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive He was seen on the wings of the wind 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “He appeared on the wings of the wind”
|
||
22:11 gmc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the wings of the wind 0 This expression speaks of the wind as if it were a bird.
|
||
22:12 mit5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rain clouds in the skies 0 David describes Yahweh’s way of saving David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes God’s power and his anger.
|
||
22:12 ee39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He made darkness a tent around him 0 Here the darkness Yahweh creates is compared to a tent which hides him completely. Alternate translation: “He hid himself in the darkness”
|
||
22:13 t957 From the lightning before him coals of fire fell 0 This could mean: (1) “Out of his bright light he sent burning coals” or (2) “From his brightness he sent lightning”
|
||
22:13 g4lk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor From the lightning before him 0 David continues describing Yahweh, whom he compares to a storm, coming to save him from his enemies. This emphasizes God’s power and anger towards David’s enemies.
|
||
22:14 d4ht rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The Most High shouted. 0 David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do.
|
||
22:15 h783 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification He shot arrows 0 David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do.
|
||
22:15 i235 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He shot arrows … lightning bolts 0 David compares the lightning from Yahweh’s storm to arrows that a soldier would use.
|
||
22:15 rg2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor lightning bolts and dispersed them 0 David continues describing Yahweh, whom he compares to a storm, coming to save him from his enemies. This emphasizes God’s power and anger towards David’s enemies.
|
||
22:16 za11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Then the channels of the sea were seen … breath of his nostrils 0 When Yahweh shouted in his attack against David’s enemies, it is compared to his power to create upheaval in the deepest parts of the ocean and the earth. This shows his great power and fierce anger. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
|
||
22:16 dcq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the channels of the sea were seen 0 This means that the sea water moved and the ocean floor was visible. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People could see the channels of the sea”
|
||
22:16 it2c the channels of the sea 0 the deepest part of the sea, from which the Hebrews believed was where the water in the sea came
|
||
22:16 kcr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the foundations of the world were laid bare at the rebuke of Yahweh, at the blast of the breath of his nostrils 0 David compares Yahweh’s anger to turbulent movements of the ground. “If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s rebuke, the breath of his nostrils, laid bare the foundations of the world”
|
||
22:17 kw87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor out of the surging water 0 David compares his enemies to a flood that threatens to drown him.
|
||
22:18 lg3q He rescued me from my strong enemy 0 David’s enemies were overwhelming. He praises God for delivering him from all his enemies.
|
||
22:19 zv1u They came against me on the day of my distress 0 Alternate translation: “My enemies fought against me when I was in great trouble”
|
||
22:19 nty3 the day of my distress 0 Alternate translation: “the time of my distress”
|
||
22:19 v9h4 but Yahweh was my support 0 Alternate translation: “but Yahweh supported me” or “but Yahweh helped me”
|
||
22:20 yh2u a wide open place 0 This refers to a place where there was no danger and his enemies could not trap him.
|
||
22:21 en85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to the measure of the cleanness of my hands 0 Here “cleanness of my hands” means the same as “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “because I obey his commands” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:22 s787 I have kept the ways of Yahweh 0 Here “the ways of Yahweh” refers to how Yahweh wants his people to act. This means David has done what Yahweh commands.
|
||
22:23 ze3e have been before me 0 This means David constantly reads and thinks about God’s decrees.
|
||
22:24 j1e5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I have kept myself from sin 0 This refers to choosing not to sin against Yahweh.
|
||
22:25 qdu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to the degree of my cleanness in his sight 0 Here “my cleanness” means the same as “my righteousness.” Alternate translation: “because he knows that I have done what he commands” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
22:27 b64p you are perverse to the twisted 0 Here “perverse” means to be cunning or crafty, and “twisted” means to turn away from what is good and right. This means God is wise in how he deals with wicked people.
|
||
22:28 yma2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification your eyes are against the proud 0 Here the metonym “your eyes” refers to what Yahweh sees. This means Yahweh watches the proud person.
|
||
22:28 b16y you bring them down 0 Alternate translation: “you destroy their pride”
|
||
22:29 h2zr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you are my lamp, Yahweh. Yahweh lights up my darkness 0 This metaphor compares Yahweh to a lamp, which means he gives David light and helps him to see when things seem hopeless.
|
||
22:30 l2yd I can run over a barricade 0 Here “barricade” may refer to a group of soldiers or to a stone wall. Either way it means God enables David to defeat his enemies.
|
||
22:30 ul6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole I can leap over a wall 0 David is exaggerating to emphasize Yahweh’s help. Alternate translation: “I can climb over the wall that surrounds their city”
|
||
22:31 gj1g The word of Yahweh is pure 0 Alternate translation: “Everything Yahweh says is true”
|
||
22:31 udr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy He is a shield 0 The metaphor “a shield” emphasizes God’s power to protect his people.
|
||
22:32 p5ua rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion For who is God except Yahweh, and who is a rock except our God? 0 David uses this question to emphasize that there is no God apart from Yahweh. These may be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Yahweh alone is God. Our God alone is a rock.”
|
||
22:32 d37f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who is a rock 0 David compares Yahweh to a rock to emphasize his strength and ability to protect his people.
|
||
22:33 c5tv he leads the blameless person on his path 0 Yahweh keeps the blameless person safe and removes anything that may harm him.
|
||
22:34 wm3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile He makes my feet swift like a deer and places me on the high hills 0 Here David’s feet are compared to those of a deer using exaggeration. Yahweh gives David the strength to move quickly and provides secure places for protection and rest. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
|
||
22:35 n5gz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my hands … and my arms 0 Both of these refer to David.
|
||
22:35 p7ie to bend a bow of bronze 0 Only a very strong man could use a bow made from metal.
|
||
22:36 ly9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the shield of your salvation 0 David compares Yahweh’s power to save him to a shield that protects a soldier from his enemy.
|
||
22:36 ae4t your favor 0 God answered David’s prayers and granted him blessings and success over his enemies.
|
||
22:37 p573 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche You have made a wide place for my feet beneath me 0 Yahweh has put David in a safe place where his enemies cannot trap him. Here he refers to himself by his “feet” to emphasize his ability to stand securely.
|
||
22:38 w4kt pursued my enemies 0 Alternate translation: “chased my enemies”
|
||
22:39 ax1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I devoured them and smashed them 0 Here David compares himself to a wild animal. Alternate translation: “I completely destroyed them like a wild animal devouring its prey”
|
||
22:39 e2qk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy under my feet 0 Here “feet” refers to the power and control of victory over his enemies.
|
||
22:40 k5cg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile You put strength on me like a belt for battle 0 Here the strength that Yahweh gives is compared to a belt for battle that allowed David to do mighty things.
|
||
22:40 ea24 you put under me those who rise up against me 0 Alternate translation: “you helped me defeat those who fought against me”
|
||
22:41 p97v the back of my enemies’ necks 0 This could mean: (1) David seeing the backs of the enemy as they run away or (2) David putting his foot on the back of his enemy’s neck after he defeats him.
|
||
22:41 ip4h I annihilated 0 Alternate translation: “I completely destroyed”
|
||
22:42 h32w They cried 0 Alternate translation: “My enemies cried”
|
||
22:42 c9qg they cried out to Yahweh, but he did not answer them 0 The time for Yahweh’s judgment had come upon them.
|
||
22:43 fum1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like dust on the ground … like mud in the streets 0 This means that David completely destroyed his enemies. These two phrases “like dust on the ground” and “like mud on the streets” have a similar meaning and are used for emphasis. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
22:44 th42 from the disputes of my own people 0 This refers to those among the Israelites who rebelled against King David.
|
||
22:44 tjl8 You have kept me as the head of nations 0 “You placed me as ruler over the nations.” Here “nations” refers to other nations besides Israel.
|
||
22:44 p5i2 A people that I have not known 0 Alternate translation: “A foreign people”
|
||
22:45 t5y6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Foreigners were forced to bow to me 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Foreigners bowed down to me”
|
||
22:47 u5bd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism May my rock be praised. May God be exalted 0 These sentences have similar meaning and are used for emphasis. These may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May everyone praise my rock. May everyone exalt God” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||
22:47 xr9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my rock … the rock 0 David compares Yahweh to a rock to emphasize his power to protect his people.
|
||
22:48 z1qb the one who brings down peoples under me 0 Alternate translation: “the one who puts the people of other nations under my rule”
|
||
22:49 iu4b you lifted me up above those who rose up against me 0 Alternate translation: “you saved me from my enemies and gave me honor”
|
||
22:49 e1y3 from violent men 0 Alternate translation: “from those who want to harm me”
|
||
22:50 r7zu 0 # General Information:\n\nDavid concludes his song to Yahweh.
|
||
22:50 qk4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to your name 0 Here the metonym “name” refers to Yahweh’s reputation.
|
||
22:51 fz6y he shows his covenant loyalty to his anointed one 0 Here David may be referring to the promises Yahweh made in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md)
|
||
23:intro abcn 0 # 2 Samuel 23 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 23:2–7.\n\n2 Samuel 23:8–39 is a list of the famous people in David’s army along with some of the special deeds some of them did. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Everlasting covenant\n\nThis is a reference to the covenant God previously made with David. (See: [2 Samuel 7](../07/01.md), [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]).
|
||
23:1 jk1i Now 0 This marks the beginning of a new section of the book.
|
||
23:1 lw9i these are the last words 0 This refers to what David will say in 2 Samuel 23:2–7.
|
||
23:1 hvt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the man who was highly honored, the one anointed by the God of Jacob 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the man whom the God of Jacob highly honored and anointed”
|
||
23:1 y2lz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction anointed by the God of Jacob 0 Anointing was done by pouring oil on a person’s head. This was done to choose who would serve God as king or priest.
|
||
23:1 khe9 psalmist 0 This is a person who writes psalms or songs.
|
||
23:2 ey25 by me 0 by David
|
||
23:2 r3yy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and his word was on my tongue 0 Here “on my tongue” is a metonym for David speaking. Alternate translation: “he gave me a message to speak”
|
||
23:3 c9yd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism The God of Israel spoke, the Rock of Israel … me 0 Here the “God of Israel” is the same as the “Rock of Israel.” The two phrases say essentially the same thing. David compares God to a rock to emphasize his power to protect his people. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
23:3 w218 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism The one who rules righteously over men, who rules in the fear of God 0 These two sentences both say that the king will respect God and do what God wants him to do.
|
||
23:3 a7ac in the fear of God 0 Alternate translation: “respecting God”
|
||
23:4 er3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile He will be like the morning light … sunshine after rain 0 Here God is comparing the king to the morning light and sunshine after the rain. These are all ways of saying this king would be a delight to God and a blessing for the people. These two phrases have a similar meaning and are used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “He will be a delight to all” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
|
||
23:5 hef3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Indeed, is my family not like this before God? 0 Here David is saying that he agrees with God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family is indeed like this before God!”
|
||
23:5 n1tt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Has he not made … way? 0 David acknowledges that God has made a covenant with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He has indeed made … way.”
|
||
23:5 gq5b ordered and sure 0 This means God’s covenant is properly organized and will not change so David’s family can trust it.
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23:5 r8xz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Does he not increase my salvation … desire? 0 David believes that God will always help him and cause him to prosper. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He increases my salvation and gives me my every desire.”
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23:6 abg3 0 # General Information:\n\nThis concludes David’s last words.
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23:6 ic15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile But the worthless will all be like thorns to be thrown away 0 Here the wicked person is compared to useless thorns. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But the wicked person is worthless and dangerous like thorns we throw away” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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23:6 dgn8 because they cannot be gathered by one’s hands 0 Alternate translation: “because no one can pick them up with his hands without the thorns hurting him”
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23:7 api5 They must be burned up where they lie 0 “Where thorns are found, that is where they must be burned.” This means God will destroy wicked people.
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23:8 ck79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jeshbaal 0 This is the name of a man. Other versions read Josheb Basshebeth, Jashobeam, Ishbaal, or Ishbosheth because various ancient copies have these variations. Translators may choose to say this in a footnote to their translation
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23:8 pka9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hachmonite 0 This is the name of a people group. Alternate translation: “son of Hachmon”
|
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23:8 vbh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers eight hundred 0 “800”
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23:10 lw96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The army returned after Eleazar 0 This means that the army returned after Eleazar returned from battle. Alternate translation: “The Israeli army returned to the battle field after Eleazer had already won the battle”
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23:10 jab4 only to strip the bodies 0 Alternate translation: “only to take what they wanted from the dead bodies of the enemies”
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23:11 kv12 a field of lentils 0 Alternate translation: “a field where someone had planted lentils”
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23:11 t6zi rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown lentils 0 a flat seed, eaten like beans
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23:11 dqs9 the army fled 0 Alternate translation: “the Israelite army ran away”
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23:13 jyy8 Three of the thirty 0 These are not the same three soldiers mentioned in [2 Samuel 23:8–12](./08.md).
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23:13 de7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers the thirty 0 “the 30” or “the thirty bravest Israelite soldiers.” The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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23:13 y5db rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names cave of Adullam 0 “cave near the town of Adullam.” Adullam is near Bethlehem.
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23:13 w9u8 Valley of Rephaim 0 This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 5:18](../05/18.md).
|
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23:14 f68v in his stronghold 0 Alternate translation: “in his protected place”
|
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23:14 pej4 the Philistines had established at Bethlehem 0 Alternate translation: “some Philistines soldiers were controlling the village of Bethlehem”
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23:16 r8yf broke through the army 0 Alternate translation: “fought their way through the enemy army”
|
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23:17 nz91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should I drink the blood of men who have risked their lives? 0 David compares the water to blood because the men risked their lives to bring the water to him. He uses a question to emphasize this. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Drinking this water would be like drinking the blood of those men who have risked their lives to bring it to me.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
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23:18 jjf7 Abishai … Zeruiah 0 These are the names of men. Translate them as in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md).
|
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23:18 xve2 captain over the three 0 This means Abishai was the leader of the three who went and got water for David.
|
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23:18 cs6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers three hundred men 0 “300 men”
|
||
23:18 gxa6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive He was often mentioned along with the three soldiers 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People often mentioned him when they spoke about the three bravest men”
|
||
23:19 ir5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Was he not even more famous than the three? 0 This question is used to emphasize how famous he was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He was even more famous than the three.”
|
||
23:19 gph9 three most famous soldiers 0 This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shimeah. Abishai was not as famous as these soldiers.
|
||
23:20 l41w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kabzeel 0 This is the name of a city.
|
||
23:20 g72h Jehoiada 0 This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md).
|
||
23:20 vqy6 Ariel 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
23:22 k95v did these feats 0 Alternate translation: “did these mighty deeds”
|
||
23:22 y87l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive he was named alongside the three mighty men 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people praise him like they praised the three mighty men”
|
||
23:22 nbw7 three mighty men 0 This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shimeah.
|
||
23:23 b1df rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers He was more highly regarded than the thirty soldiers in general, but he was not regarded quite as highly as the three mighty men 0 “He was more famous than the other 30 soldiers except for the three best soldiers”
|
||
23:23 l8t2 his bodyguard 0 a group of soldiers in charge of guarding David
|
||
23:24 q89a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 # General Information:\n\nThis is a list of David’s greatest soldiers.
|
||
23:24 h79d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers The thirty 0 “The 30 very famous soldiers” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||
23:37 ud59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names 0 # General Information:\n\nThis concludes the list of David’s greatest soldiers.
|
||
23:39 t6d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers thirty-seven in all 0 “there were 37 total”
|
||
24:intro abco 0 # 2 Samuel 24 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Counting soldiers\n\nDavid ordered the leaders of his army to count how many men of fighting age there were. He was not supposed to do this because it showed he did not trust God. God was displeased and offered David three punishments. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
|
||
24:1 c86d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the anger of Yahweh was ignited against Israel 0 The word “ignite” means start a fire. Here Yahweh’s anger is compared to that of a fire. Alternate translation: “the anger of Yahweh started to burn like a fire”
|
||
24:1 dq6l he moved David against them 0 Alternate translation: “he caused David to oppose them”
|
||
24:1 x6eq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Go, count Israel and Judah 0 In the law of Moses, God prohibited the kings of Israel from taking a census of fighting men. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
|
||
24:2 u7bz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism Dan to Beersheba 0 This phrase uses two place names Dan, in the far north, and Beersheba, in the far south, to represent the entire country.
|
||
24:2 fu4s count all the people … fit for battle 0 This means to count all the men except those men who are either too young, too old, or physically unable to fight.
|
||
24:3 qi23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers multiply … hundred times 0 This means “produce 100 more people for every one person there is now.”
|
||
24:4 b9zy the king’s word was final against Joab 0 Joab and the other commanders of King David’s army were not able to convince David to not take a census.
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||
24:4 c8cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the king’s word 0 This phrase represents the king’s command to them. Alternate translation: “what the king had commanded”
|
||
24:5 h1bw They crossed 0 Alternate translation: “Joab and the commanders of the army crossed”
|
||
24:5 pt7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Aroer 0 This was a city on the northern edge of the Arnon River.
|
||
24:5 zpx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jazer 0 This is a town in Gad.
|
||
24:6 wc3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tahtim Hodshi 0 This may refer to the town of Kadesh in the land of the Hittite people.
|
||
24:8 db36 they had gone 0 Alternate translation: “Joab and the commanders had gone”
|
||
24:8 i1gd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers nine months and twenty days 0 “9 months and 20 days”
|
||
24:9 qq68 Then Joab reported the total of the count of the fighting men to the king 0 Alternate translation: “Then Joab told the king the total number of men ready for battle”
|
||
24:9 b91x in Israel 0 This refers to the northern tribes of Israel.
|
||
24:9 k78w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 800,000 & 500,000 0 “eight hundred thousand … five hundred thousand”
|
||
24:9 t1ix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who drew the sword 0 This metonym refers to the men who were ready to fight in the army.
|
||
24:9 e4ft of Judah 0 This refers to the southern tribe of Judah.
|
||
24:10 cb8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy David’s heart afflicted him 0 The “heart” here is a metonym for David’s emotions and conscience. Alternate translation: “David felt guilty”
|
||
24:10 bvb3 Now, Yahweh, take away your servant’s guilt 0 David refers to himself as “your servant.” This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority.
|
||
24:11 h1gv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the word of Yahweh came to the prophet Gad, David’s seer, saying, 0 The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this idiom in [2 Samuel 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to the prophet Gad, David’s seer. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to the prophet Gad, David’s seer:”
|
||
24:11 a4ac David’s seer 0 This means Gad was the official prophet in the royal palace.
|
||
24:14 q8an I am in deep trouble 0 Alternate translation: “I am in terrible trouble”
|
||
24:14 d6ux rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Let us fall into Yahweh’s hands rather than into the hand of man 0 Here “hands” refer to power or control. Alternate translation: “Let Yahweh and not people punish us”
|
||
24:15 jgc8 a fixed time 0 This is the time God decided he would stop the plague.
|
||
24:15 s22f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seventy thousand 0 “70,000”
|
||
24:15 gt1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism from Dan to Beersheba 0 Here mentioning the city of Dan in the extreme north and the city Beersheba in the extreme south means the entire nation of Israel.
|
||
24:16 tl5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the angel reached out with his hand toward Jerusalem to destroy it 0 Here the metonym “hand” stands for the angel’s power. Alternate translation: “the angel was about to destroy the people in Jerusalem”
|
||
24:16 ap2v Yahweh changed his mind because of the harm 0 This means that Yahweh stopped the evil that he was allowing the angel to do. Alternate translation: “Yahweh felt grieved about the harm”
|
||
24:16 x95i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Now draw back your hand 0 The metonym “hand” stands for the angel’s power. Alternate translation: “Do not harm them any longer”
|
||
24:16 y4es rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Araunah 0 This is the name of a man.
|
||
24:16 ug3p the threshing floor 0 A threshing floor was a hard, flat surface where edible grain was separated from chaff.
|
||
24:17 c2r6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism I have sinned, and I have acted perversely 0 These phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Alternate translation: “I have sinned terribly”
|
||
24:17 b9vn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion But these sheep, what have they done? 0 David uses a question and compares the people to sheep to emphasize that they have done nothing wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “These ordinary people have done nothing wrong.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||
24:17 e2dt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Please let your hand punish me 0 Here the metonym “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “Please punish me”
|
||
24:20 q15a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction bowed to the king with his face to the ground 0 He was showing deep respect and honor to the king.
|
||
24:21 r7k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive so that the plague may be removed from the people 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that Yahweh will remove this plague from the people”
|
||
24:22 bwm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor what is good in your sight 0 Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what you think is good” or “what is good in your judgement”
|
||
24:22 p54x threshing sledges 0 heavy boards used to separate grain from the rest of the wheat plant
|
||
24:24 m1m6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives I will not offer … anything that costs me nothing 0 This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “I will only offer … something that I have paid for”
|
||
24:24 w2n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers fifty shekels 0 “50 shekels.” A shekel is 11 grams. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
|
||
24:25 xl51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy on behalf of the land 0 Here the metonym “land” stands for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “on behalf of the people of Israel”
|
||
24:25 lp9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the plague on Israel was confined 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God confined the plague that had been on Israel” or “God took the plague away from Israel”
|