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But if it is by grace
Paul continues to explain how God's mercy works. AT: "But since God's mercy works by grace" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)
What then?
"What should we conclude?" Paul asks this question to move his reader to his next point. You can translate this as a statement. AT: "This is what we need to remember" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)
God has given them a spirit of dullness, eyes so that they should not see, and ears so that they should not hear
This is a metaphor about the fact that the people are spiritually dull. They are not able to hear or receive spiritual truth. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
spirit of
Here this means "having the characteristics of," such as the "spirit of wisdom."
eyes so that they should not see
The concept of seeing with one's eyes was considered to be equivalent to gaining understanding.
ears so that they should not hear
The concept of hearing with the ears was considered to be equivalent to obedience.