See in Reader
385 KiB
385 KiB
| 1 | Reference | ID | Tags | SupportReference | Quote | Occurrence | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | front:intro | v8pn | 0 | # Introduction to Judges\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Judges\n\n1. History of the judges of Israel (1:1–16:31)\n * Introduction (1:1–3:6)\n * Othniel, Ehud, and Shamgar (3:7–31)\n * Deborah and Barak (4:1–5:31)\n * Gideon (6:1–8:35)\n * Abimelech, Tola, and Jair (9:1–10:5)\n * Jephthah (10:6–12:7)\n * Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon (12:8–15)\n * Samson (13:1–16:31)\n1. The account of Micah and his idols (17:1–18:31)\n1. The account of Gibeah; the other Israelites take revenge (19:1–21:25)\n\n### What is the Book of Judges about?\n\nThe Book of Judges tells of events that occurred after the Israelites settled in the Promised Land. The events in this book happened over a period of about 150 years.\n\nThis book describes how the Israelites repeatedly sinned against Yahweh during this time. They worshiped false gods and did the same wicked things as the peoples who lived around them. Therefore, God would allow enemies to defeat and oppress the Israelites. Eventually, the Israelites would call to Yahweh for help. Yahweh would then cause someone to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. This person was called a “judge.” The Israelites would live in peace until the judge died.\n\nAfter that judge died, the Israelites would start sinning again. So this pattern of events would repeat.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThis book traditionally has the title “Judges” because it gives accounts of some of the main leaders or judges in Israel before there were any kings over the people. Unless there are good reasons for following the title in other Bible versions, the translator should probably use the title “Judges” or a title such as “The Book about the Leaders in Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What kind of leaders were the judges?\n\nThese were men and women whom God chose to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. After defeating their enemies, these leaders usually continued to help the people by deciding disputes among them. They also helped them make important decisions. Many of these leaders served all the people of Israel, but some of these leaders may have served only certain tribes.\n\n### What kind of society was Israel during the time of the judges?\n\nDuring this time, the twelve tribes of Israel were independent of one another. They were not a unified nation with one ruler. The tribes would sometimes help each other when enemies were threatening them.\n\nThese tribes were descended from the same ancestors: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. They shared in the same covenant with Yahweh.\n\n### What spiritual struggles did Israel experience during the time of the judges?\n\nDuring this time, Israel struggled to remain faithful to Yahweh. The best judges encouraged Israel to be faithful to him, but some of the judges failed to do so. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])\n | |||
| 3 | 1:intro | a4am | 0 | # Judges 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n- Verses 1–10: Judah conquers its assigned territory\n- Verses 11–16: Caleb and Othniel conquer Debir (Kiriath Sepher)\n- Verses 12–21: Judah and Simeon conquer territory but leave some hostile nations\n- Verses 22–29: Ephraim and Manasseh conquer territory but leave some hostile nations\n- Verses 30–36: Zebulin, Asher, Naphtali, and Dan conquer territory but leave some hostile nations\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Cutting off the thumbs and big toes of captured enemies\n\nIn [1:7](../01/07.md), Adoni-Bezek describes how he had his soldiers cut off the thumbs and big toes of the kings he had defeated. This prevented a captured enemy from running away or from ever using a weapon again. However, as the context shows, it was also a way of humiliating a captured king. When the Israelites did this to Adoni-Bezek, he acknowledged that he was getting what he deserved for having done this to others. This is an example of irony in the book of Judges, in which the punishment fits the crime. (See the discussion in the General Introduction.)\n\n### Complete destruction of a city and its people\n\nIn [1:17](../01/17.md), the armies of Judah and Simeon completely destroy a Canaanite city and kill all of its people. They call the place “Hormah,” which means “destruction.” [Deuteronomy 7:1–4](../deu/07/01.md) describes how, when Yahweh was preparing the Israelites to enter the Promised Land, he commanded them to destroy completely the Canaanite people who lived there. They were not to make any treaties with them or to intermarry with them. This was to prevent the Israelites from joining them in worshiping their false gods, which would have led them to develop a culture and society very different from the kind that Yahweh wanted. The book of Joshua describes how the Israelites completely destroyed the major Canaanite cities and their people. In this chapter, [1:17](../01/17.md) describes a further instance of that. However, the Israelites left many of the Canaanite people in the land, and they did intermarry with them and worship their gods. This led the Israelites into many evil practices that made Yahweh very angry with them.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in This Chapter\n\n\n### Personification\n\nIn this chapter, the author and characters often speak of Israelite tribes as if they were individual people who could speak with one another, go places together, and so forth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. For example, instead of saying “Judah,” you could say “the people of the tribe of Judah.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])\n\n### Generic nouns\n\nIn this chapter, the author and characters use expressions such as “the Canaanite,” “the Perizzite,” “the Amorite,” and so forth. They are not referring to specific individuals. Rather, they mean in general the people of the nation mentioned. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using plural forms, for example, “the Canaanites.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])\n\n\n\n | |||
| 4 | 1:1 | j001 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent | וַיְהִ֗י | 1 | The author is using the phrase **And it happened** to introduce a new event in the story of the people of Israel, which continues here in the book of Judges at the point where it left off at the end of the book of Joshua. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. | |
| 5 | 1:1 | j002 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל | 1 | See the discussion of the phrase **the sons of Israel** in the Introduction to Judges. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” | |
| 6 | 1:1 | j003 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | מִ֣י יַעֲלֶה | 1 | The Israelites are asking Yahweh which of their tribes should be the first to go into its allotment and fight against the Canaanites living there. They are speaking of that tribe as if it were an individual person. (The verb in this phrase is singular, indicating that **Who** is also singular.) See the discussion of this issue, which occurs several times in this chapter, in the General Notes to this chapter. Alternate translation: “What tribe will go up” | |
| 7 | 1:1 | c92j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive | לָּ֧נוּ | 1 | By **us**, the Israelites mean themselves but not Yahweh, to whom they are speaking, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. | |
| 8 | 1:1 | j231 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י & בּֽוֹ | 1 | As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, here and in similar instances throughout the chapter, this is not a reference to a specific **Canaanite**. Rather, it refers to the Canaanites or the Canaanite nations in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using plural forms. Alternate translation: “the Canaanites … against them” or “the Canaanite nations … against them” | |
| 9 | 1:2 | c4zw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | יְהוּדָ֣ה | 1 | Yahweh is using the name **Judah** by association to mean the army that belongs to the tribe of Judah. Alternate translation: “the army of the tribe of Judah” | |
| 10 | 1:2 | j004 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | הִנֵּ֛ה | 1 | Yahweh is using the term **Behold**, which literally means “Look,” to focus his listeners’ attention on what he is about to say. In this context, since Yahweh is the speaker, there is also the implication that what follows is something that Yahweh has determined and so is certain to happen. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Indeed” | |
| 11 | 1:2 | j005 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | נָתַ֥תִּי אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ בְּיָדֽוֹ | 1 | Here, having something in one’s **hand** represents possessing it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have given them possession of the land” | |
| 12 | 1:3 | j006 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָה֩ לְשִׁמְע֨וֹן & וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ אִתּ֖וֹ שִׁמְעֽוֹן | 1 | The author is speaking of the tribes of Judah and Simeon as if they were individual people who could speak with each another. Alternate translation: “Then the people of Judah said to the people of Simeon … So the people of Simeon went with them” or “Then the commanders of the Judean army said to the commanders of the Simeonite army … So the Simeonite army went with the Judean army” | |
| 13 | 1:3 | k7aq | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | אָחִ֜יו | 1 | The author is using the term **brother** to describe people who are descended from the same ancestor. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “their kinsmen” or “their fellow Israelites” | |
| 14 | 1:3 | j007 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go | עֲלֵ֧ה אִתִּ֣י | 1 | In a context such as this, your language might say “Come” instead of **Go**. Alternate translation: “Come with me” | |
| 15 | 1:3 | j008 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | בַּֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י | 1 | See how you translated this same expression in [1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “against the Canaanites who live there” | |
| 16 | 1:3 | j009 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וְהָלַכְתִּ֧י גַם־אֲנִ֛י אִתְּךָ֖ בְּגוֹרָלֶ֑ךָ | 1 | The Judeans are leaving some information implicit. You could state this information explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “If you do, we will also go with you into your allotment and fight against the Canaanites who live there” | |
| 17 | 1:4 | ku4h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | וַיַּ֣עַל יְהוּדָ֔ה | 1 | The author is using the name of one of the tribes whose soldiers were in this army to mean the entire army. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the army of the tribe of Judah went up with the army of the tribe of Simeon” | |
| 18 | 1:4 | j010 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וַיִּתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־הַכְּנַעֲנִ֥י וְהַפְּרִזִּ֖י בְּיָדָ֑ם | 1 | Here, **hand** represents the power or capability of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh gave them the power to conquer the Canaanites and the Perizzites” | |
| 19 | 1:4 | j011 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וַיַּכּ֣וּם | 1 | As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, when the author says that the armies of Judah and Simeon **struck** or hit the Canaanite and Perizzite soldiers who opposed them, he means that they killed them. Alternate translation: “And … they killed” | |
| 20 | 1:4 | c9xq | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | בְּבֶ֔זֶק | 1 | **Bezek** is the name of a city in the territory in Canaan that was allotted to the tribe of Judah. | |
| 21 | 1:4 | n19d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אֲלָפִ֖ים | 1 | The author may be using the number **10,000** as an approximation or as a customary way of saying “very many.” Alternate translation: “a large number of” | |
| 22 | 1:5 | j012 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | וַֽ֠יִּמְצְאוּ | 1 | The word **found** does not mean that the armies of Judah and Simeon were intentionally searching for this man. It means that they encountered him when they reached the city of Bezek. Alternate translation: “and they encountered” | |
| 23 | 1:5 | w88l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | אֶת־אֲדֹנִ֥י בֶ֨זֶק֙ | 1 | The word **Adoni-Bezek** is the name or title of a man. It means “the lord of Bezek,” and so it may be the title for the king who reigned in the city of Bezek. | |
| 24 | 1:5 | i3pn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ בּ֑וֹ | 1 | The author is using Adoni-Bezek to represent both this king himself and his entire army. Alternate translation: “and they fought against him and his army” | |
| 25 | 1:5 | j013 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וַיַּכּ֕וּ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י וְאֶת־הַפְּרִזִּֽי | 1 | See how you translated the word **struck** in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “And they killed many Canaanite and Perizzite soldiers” | |
| 26 | 1:6 | j014 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo | אֶת־בְּהֹנ֥וֹת יָדָ֖יו וְרַגְלָֽיו | 1 | Some languages use the same word for the largest finger and the largest toe, as the biblical text does here. If your language has different words for these, you can use both words in your translation. If the phrase might then seem to contain extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language, you could shorten it, as the UST does. Alternate translation: “the thumbs of his hands and the big toes of his feet” or “his thumbs and his big toes” | |
| 27 | 1:7 | es2p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | שִׁבְעִ֣ים ׀ מְלָכִ֡ים | 1 | This could be an approximate number, chosen for its symbolic significance. Alternate translation: “dozens of kings” | |
| 28 | 1:7 | j015 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | מְלָכִ֡ים | 1 | In Canaan at this time, each city and town had a ruler who had the same title as someone who ruled over a large territory. So, for example, Pharaoh is called the “the king of Egypt” in Exodus 1:5, while the book of Joshua refers to the “king” of cities such as Libnah (Joshua 10:30) and Hebron (Joshua 10:37). If your language uses a different word for people who rule over one community than for people who rule over extensive areas, you could use that term here. Alternate translation: “chieftains” | |
| 29 | 1:7 | t5fd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | בְּֽהֹנוֹת֩ יְדֵיהֶ֨ם וְרַגְלֵיהֶ֜ם מְקֻצָּצִ֗ים | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See the General Notes to this chapter for an explanation of the practice described here. It is unlikely that Adoni-Bezek was the agent who did this personally. Alternate translation: “whose thumbs and big toes I ordered my soldiers to cut off” | |
| 30 | 1:7 | g0oe | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | הָי֤וּ מְלַקְּטִים֙ תַּ֣חַת שֻׁלְחָנִ֔י | 1 | Adoni-Bezek is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “were gathering scraps of food beneath my table” | |
| 31 | 1:7 | p5cw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | הָי֤וּ מְלַקְּטִים֙ תַּ֣חַת שֻׁלְחָנִ֔י | 1 | Dozens of **kings** would not have fit under the **table** where Adoni-Bezek ate his meals, so he probably does not mean this literally. Instead, he seems to be speaking of these defeated chieftains as if they were dogs that had to scrounge for food from the scraps that fell from his table. This indicates that he had reduced them to a state of servile dependence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “had to survive on what little I gave them” or “were my helpless prisoners” | |
| 32 | 1:8 | j016 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָה֙ | 1 | Here, **sons** means “descendants.” The author is describing the people of the tribe of Judah as descendants of their ancestor Judah. In context, the reference is specifically to the army of the tribe of Judah. Alternate translation: “the Judeans” or “the Judean army” | |
| 33 | 1:8 | j017 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָה֙ | 1 | As in [1:4](../01/04.md), the author is using the name **Judah** to represent the entire combined army. Alternate translation: “the armies of the tribes of Judah and Simeon” | |
| 34 | 1:8 | hh58 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַיִּלְכְּד֣וּ אוֹתָ֔הּ | 1 | Here, **Jerusalem** represents the people of that city. Alternate translation: “against the people who lived in Jerusalem and captured that city” | |
| 35 | 1:8 | j018 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וַיַּכּ֖וּהָ לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב | 1 | The author is speaking of the people who lived in the city of Jerusalem by association with the city itself, represented by the pronoun **it**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And they struck the people who lived there with the mouth of the sword” | |
| 36 | 1:8 | j019 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | וַיַּכּ֖וּהָ לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב | 1 | The author is speaking of **the sword** as if it were a living thing that had a **mouth** and could eat. This is probably a reference to the way a sword cuts into a person as if it were an animal biting him. (The **mouth** of a **sword** could be its point or its edge.) If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And with their swords they killed the people who lived there” | |
| 37 | 1:8 | j020 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | וַיַּכּ֖וּהָ לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב | 1 | The author is may be using one kind of weapon, the **sword**, to mean all of the weapons that the soliders used. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And with their weapons they killed the people who lived there” | |
| 38 | 1:8 | j021 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְאֶת־הָעִ֖יר שִׁלְּח֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ | 1 | The author is speaking as if the Israelites had literally **sent** or thrown the **city** of Jerusalem into a large **fire** that was burning nearby. (This same expression occurs in Judges 20:48.) If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they set the city on fire” | |
| 39 | 1:9 | cs3t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה | 1 | See how you translated this expression in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “the armies of the tribes of Judah and Simeon” | |
| 40 | 1:9 | x4ew | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | וְהַשְּׁפֵלָֽה | 1 | The word **Shephelah** is the name of a region with the territory that was assigned to the tribe of Judah. It consists of hills that are lower than the central ridge where Jerusalem is located. Alternate translation: “and the foothills” | |
| 41 | 1:10 | j022 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | יְהוּדָ֗ה | 1 | See how you translated the term “Judah” in [1:4](../01/04.md) and the expression “the sons of Judah” in [1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “the combined army” | |
| 42 | 1:10 | ax37 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | וְשֵׁם־חֶבְר֥וֹן לְפָנִ֖ים קִרְיַ֣ת אַרְבַּ֑ע | 1 | Here the author is providing background information to help readers understand what is happening in the story. The author probably wrote this because his readers knew this city as **Hebron**. But at the time when Israel attacked it, it was called **Kiriath Arba**. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. You may also wish to mark it in some way as background information, such as by putting it in parentheses as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “Hebron used to be called Kiriath Arba” | |
| 43 | 1:10 | j023 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | וַיַּכּ֛וּ אֶת־שֵׁשַׁ֥י וְאֶת־אֲחִימַ֖ן וְאֶת־תַּלְמָֽי | 1 | **Sheshai**, **Ahiman**, and **Talmai** are the names of three clans that lived in and around the city of Hebron. | |
| 44 | 1:10 | edk7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | וַיַּכּ֛וּ אֶת־שֵׁשַׁ֥י וְאֶת־אֲחִימַ֖ן וְאֶת־תַּלְמָֽי | 1 | The author is speaking of these clans as if they were individual people. Alternate translation: “And they defeated the armies of the clans of Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai” | |
| 45 | 1:11 | j024 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ | 1 | The pronoun **he** refers to “Judah” in the previous verse. That name represented the army of the tribe of Judah and implicitly the accompanying army of the tribe of Simeon. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And these armies went” | |
| 46 | 1:11 | lh59 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | וְשֵׁם־דְּבִ֥יר לְפָנִ֖ים קִרְיַת־סֵֽפֶר | 1 | See how you translated the similar sentence in the previous verse. | |
| 47 | 1:11 | j025 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | דְּבִ֑יר | 1 | The word **Debir** is the name of a city in the territory that Joshua assigned to the tribe of Judah. | |
| 48 | 1:12 | j026 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר כָּלֵ֔ב | 1 | The author assumes that readers will know that a man named **Caleb** was commanding the armies of Judah and Simeon at this point. (The full story is told in Joshua 15:13–19.) You could indicate this explicitly if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And Caleb, the man who was commanding these armies, said” | |
| 49 | 1:12 | e7kf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | אֲשֶׁר־יַכֶּ֥ה אֶת־קִרְיַת־סֵ֖פֶר וּלְכָדָ֑הּ | 1 | Caleb is using the name **Kiriath Sepher** to refer by association to the people who live in that city. Alternate translation: “Whoever defeats the people of Kiriath Sepher and captures their city” | |
| 50 | 1:12 | n39v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | אֶת־עַכְסָ֥ה | 1 | The word **Aksah** is the name of a woman. | |
| 51 | 1:13 | xa4b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | עָתְנִיאֵ֣ל בֶּן־קְנַ֔ז | 1 | The words **Othniel** and **Kenaz** are the names of men. | |
| 52 | 1:14 | j027 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | וַיְהִ֣י | 1 | The author is using this phrase to introduce background information that is not part of the main narrative. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. | |
| 53 | 1:14 | j028 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | בְּבוֹאָ֗הּ | 1 | The author assumes that his readers will understand what he means by this phrase. This could mean: (1) that Aksah came to Kiriath Sepher in order to marry Othniel and that she made this **request** when she arrived and saw the land that Caleb had given to him. Alternate translation: “when Aksah arrived at Kiriath Sepher” (2) that the author is using this expression to describe Aksah entering Othniel’s household as his wife. Alternate translation: “once Aksah had married Othniel” | |
| 54 | 1:14 | u3cc | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וַתְּסִיתֵ֨הוּ֙ לִשְׁא֤וֹל & הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה\n | 1 | The author is leaving implicit who was to make this request. The meaning does not seem to be that Aksah persuaded Othniel that he should **request** this **field** from Caleb, since he is not the one who asks; she is. In this culture, a young man such as Othniel may not have had the standing to make this kind of request from a leader such as Caleb. So the meaning seems to be that Aksah persuaded Othniel that she should ask for the field. In this culture, a daughter may have been able to make such a request of her father. Alternate translation: “that she persuaded him to allow her to request the field” | |
| 55 | 1:14 | j029 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | מֵֽאֵת־אָבִ֨יהָ֙ הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה | 1 | The author has a particular **field** in view. The narrative suggests implicitly that Caleb had given some land to Othniel but that it was arid territory. It suggests further that near this land, there was some ground that was suitable for cultivation because it was watered by springs. You could state this information explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “from her father some land that was nearby the land that he had already given to Othniel and that was watered by springs and so could be cultivated” | |
| 56 | 1:14 | j030 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | מַה־לָּֽךְ | 1 | Caleb is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “What would you like me to do for you?” | |
| 57 | 1:15 | j031 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative | הָֽבָה | 1 | This is an imperative, but it communicates a polite request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “Please give” | |
| 58 | 1:15 | j032 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | בְרָכָ֗ה | 1 | In this context, the word **blessing** is an abstract noun. It does not refer to something that someone would say to cause good and beneficial things to happen to a person. Instead, it refers to a good and beneficial thing itself. If your language does not use abstract nouns in this way, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “something that will benefit me” | |
| 59 | 1:15 | j033 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense | וְנָתַתָּ֥ה לִ֖י | 1 | Aksah is using a verb form that could either indicate what a person ought to do or what a person is going to do. This could mean: (1) that since the land Caleb gave Aksah and Othniel was dry, he also ought to give them some land with springs of water. Alternate translation: “you should also give me” (2) that Aksah is answering Caleb’s question and this is implicitly her request. Alternate translation: “my request is that you will also give me” | |
| 60 | 1:15 | j034 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | גֻּלֹּ֣ת מָ֑יִם & אֵ֚ת גֻּלֹּ֣ת עִלִּ֔ית וְאֵ֖ת גֻּלֹּ֥ת תַּחְתִּֽית | 1 | Aksah and the author are using these expressions to mean by association the land on which these **springs** were located. Alternate translation: “some land that has springs of waters … some land in that area where there were upper springs and lower springs” | |
| 61 | 1:15 | j035 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo | גֻּלֹּ֣ת מָ֑יִם | 1 | It might seem that this expression contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you can shorten it. Alternate translation: “springs” or “land on which there are springs” | |
| 62 | 1:16 | j036 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | וּבְנֵ֣י קֵינִי֩ | 1 | The author is introducing some further background information that is not part of the main narrative. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. | |
| 63 | 1:16 | j037 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וּבְנֵ֣י | 1 | Since the actual sons of the man whom the author is describing here would have been in the same generation as Moses, the term **sons** could be intended literally. However, since those sons would have had three or even four generations of descendants by this time, the term may also be meant to include them. Alternate translation: “Now the descendants of” | |
| 64 | 1:16 | fqe9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | קֵינִי֩ | 1 | The word **Kenite** is the name of a people group. Since the author has a specific **Kenite** in mind, your language might use a demonstrative pronoun here. Alternate translation: “that Kenite” or “that man from the Kenite people group” | |
| 65 | 1:16 | x6ei | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship | חֹתֵ֨ן מֹשֶׁ֜ה | 1 | Your language may have its own term or expression for this relationship. Alternate translation: “the father of Moses’ wife” | |
| 66 | 1:16 | a29w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | מֵעִ֤יר הַתְּמָרִים֙ | 1 | The author is using the expression **the City of Palms** to refer to settlements in the area of the city of Jericho, which the Israelites had destroyed several years before this. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use the name “Jericho” here. Alternate translation: “from Jericho” or “from Jericho, the city of palm trees” | |
| 67 | 1:16 | j038 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה | 1 | Here, the term **sons** means “descendants.” The author is identifying the Judeans as descendants of their ancestor Judah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar expression “the sons of Israel” in [1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” | |
| 68 | 1:16 | u7t8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | עֲרָ֑ד | 1 | The word **Arad** is the name of a city. | |
| 69 | 1:16 | j039 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב | 1 | The pronoun **he** seems to refer to **the Kenite**, that is, the man who was the father-in-law of Moses. The author is using him to represent his descendants. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And they went and they dwelled” | |
| 70 | 1:16 | j040 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | אֶת־הָעָֽם | 1 | The author implicitly means **the people** from the tribe of Judah who also settled in this region. You could state this information explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “among the people of Judah who also settled there” | |
| 71 | 1:17 | e48a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ יְהוּדָה֙ אֶת־שִׁמְע֣וֹן אָחִ֔יו | 1 | See how you translated the terms **Judah**, **Simeon**, and **brother** in 1:3. Alternate translation: “Then the soldiers of the tribe of Judah went with their kinsmen, the soldiers of the tribe of Simeon,” | |
| 72 | 1:17 | nd84 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | צְפַ֑ת | 1 | The word **Zephath** is the name of a city. | |
| 73 | 1:17 | j041 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo | וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שֵׁם־הָעִ֖יר | 1 | It might seem that the expression **called the name** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you can shorten it. Alternate translation: “and they called the city” or “and they named the city” | |
| 74 | 1:17 | iy2d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | חָרְמָֽה | 1 | The word **Hormah** is the name of a city. The Israelites changed the name of Zephath to Hormah, which means “destruction,” after they destroyed it completely. See the General Notes to this chapter for a further discussion. | |
| 75 | 1:18 | j042 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | יְהוּדָה֙ | 1 | The author is using the name of one of the tribes whose soldiers were in this army to mean the entire army. Alternate translation: “the combined army of Judah and Simeon” | |
| 76 | 1:18 | j043 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | אֶת־עַזָּ֣ה & וְאֶֽת־אַשְׁקְל֖וֹן & וְאֶת־עֶקְר֖וֹן | 1 | The words **Gaza**, **Ashkelon**, and **Ekron** are the names of cities. | |
| 77 | 1:19 | j044 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | וַיְהִ֤י | 1 | The author is using this expression to introduce information about what was happening behind the scenes in this story and also to introduce an overall theme for [1:19–36](../01/19.md). In a way that was not visible, Yahweh was helping the Israelites to defeat the Canaanites. Nevertheless, the Israelite tribes did not drive the Canaanite nations completely out of their assigned territories. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. | |
| 78 | 1:19 | vtq2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | יְהוָה֙ אֶתּ־יְהוּדָ֔ה | 1 | The author is speaking as if Yahweh had literally been present **with** the army of Judah as it fought to conquer its assigned territory. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helped Judah” | |
| 79 | 1:19 | j045 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | אֶתּ־יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיֹּ֖רֶשׁ | 1 | The author is using the name **Judah** by association to mean the army that belonged to the tribe of Judah. See how you translated the same expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “the army of the tribe of Judah and it possessed” | |
| 80 | 1:19 | j046 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | רֶ֥כֶב בַּרְזֶ֖ל | 1 | The metal **iron** was barely used during this time period, so this is not a reference to chariots entirely made of **iron**. Those would have been too heavy for any practical use in warfare anyway. It is probably a reference by association to chariots whose wheels or floor were strengthened with iron or that had iron studs or points to make them more destructive when used in ramming. Alternate translation: “chariots fitted out with iron” | |
| 81 | 1:20 | ys79 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ | 1 | The pronoun **they** refers to the people of the tribe of Judah and most likely to their leaders. While Moses had originally promised **Hebron** to **Caleb** in [Numbers 14:24](../num/14/24.md) and Joshua had confirmed this in [Joshua 14:6–15](../jos/14/06.md), the leaders of Judah confirmed this again when they conquered their assigned territory. Alternate translation: “But the leaders of the tribe of Judah gave” | |
| 82 | 1:20 | eml1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | אֶת־שְׁלֹשָׁ֖ה בְּנֵ֥י הָעֲנָֽק | 1 | The author is speaking of the three clans that lived in and around the city of Hebron as if they were the literal **sons** of their ancestor Anak. (These clans are named in [1:10](../01/10.md).) If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the three clans descended from Anak” | |
| 83 | 1:20 | tyj7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | הָעֲנָֽק | 1 | The word **Anak** is the name of a man. The author seems to be using the definite article **the** to indicate that he has a specific **Anak** in mind, the man who was the ancestor of these clans. Your language might naturally use a demonstrative pronoun for this purpose. Alternate translation: “the well-known Anak” | |
| 84 | 1:21 | j047 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | וְאֶת־הַיְבוּסִי֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֔ם & וַיֵּ֨שֶׁב הַיְבוּסִ֜י | 1 | The word **Jebusite** is the name of a member of a particular people group. Alternate translation: “But the Jebusites dwelling in Jerusalem … So the Jebusites have dwelt” | |
| 85 | 1:21 | j048 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֑ן & אֶת־בְּנֵ֤י בִנְיָמִן֙ | 1 | Here, **sons** means “descendants.” The author is describing the people of the tribe of Benjamin as descendants of their ancestor Benjamin. The reference in the first instance is specifically to the army of this tribe; it seems to be generally to the people of the tribe in the second instance. Alternate translation: “the army of the tribe of Benjamin … with the people of the tribe of Benjamin” | |
| 86 | 1:21 | l6aj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה | 1 | The author is using the term **day** to refer to a specific time, the time when he was writing this book. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “right up to this time” | |
| 87 | 1:22 | da33 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בֵית־יוֹסֵ֛ף | 1 | Here the term **house** means all the people descended from a particular person. It envisions them as if they were one household living together. So **the house of Joseph** means all the people descended from the patriarch Joseph. By this time, those descendants had become the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph” or “the armies of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh” | |
| 88 | 1:22 | j049 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וַֽיהוָ֖ה עִמָּֽם | 1 | See how you translated the same expression in [1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “and Yahweh helped them” | |
| 89 | 1:23 | j050 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בֵית־יוֹסֵ֖ף | 1 | See how you translated the expression **the house of Joseph** in the previous verse. | |
| 90 | 1:23 | vx3f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | וְשֵׁם־הָעִ֥יר לְפָנִ֖ים לֽוּז | 1 | Here the author is providing background information to help readers understand what is happening in the story. The author probably wrote this because his readers knew this city as **Bethel**. But at the time when Israel attacked it, it was called **Luz**. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. You may also wish to mark it in some way as background information, such as by putting it in parentheses as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “Bethel used to be called Luz” | |
| 91 | 1:23 | j051 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | לֽוּז | 1 | The word **Luz** is the name of a city. | |
| 92 | 1:24 | j052 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | וְעָשִׂ֥ינוּ עִמְּךָ֖ חָֽסֶד | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **kindness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “we will treat you kindly” or “we will treat you mercifully” | |
| 93 | 1:25 | dj1j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וַיַּכּ֥וּ אֶת־הָעִ֖יר לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב | 1 | The author is saying **the city** by association to mean the people who lived in the city. Alternate translation: “and they struck the people of the city with the mouth of the sword” | |
| 94 | 1:25 | ncm9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | וַיַּכּ֥וּ אֶת־הָעִ֖יר לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב | 1 | See how you translated the same expression in [1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “and they used their weapons to kill the people of the city” | |
| 95 | 1:26 | ym4e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה | 1 | See how you translated the same expression in [1:21](../01/21.md). Alternate translation: “right up to this time” | |
| 96 | 1:27 | j053 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | אֶת־בֵּית־שְׁאָ֣ן | 1 | The author is using the name **Beth Shan** by association to mean the people who lived in that city. He is doing the same thing for the other four cities he names in this verse. Alternate translation: “the people who lived in the city of Beth Shan” | |
| 97 | 1:27 | va98 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | אֶת־בֵּית־שְׁאָ֣ן & וְאֶת־תַּעְנַ֣ךְ & ד֜וֹר & יִבְלְעָם֙ & מְגִדּ֖וֹ | 1 | The words **Beth Shan**, **Taanach**, **Dor**, **Ibleam**, and **Megiddo** are the names of cities. | |
| 98 | 1:27 | j054 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֶיהָ֮ | 1 | The author is speaking as if the villages surrounding the cities named in this verse were literally their **daughters**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or the people who lived in the surrounding villages” | |
| 99 | 1:28 | m64k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | חָזַ֣ק יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י לָמַ֑ס | 1 | The author is using the name **Israel** by association to mean the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelites became strong and they put the Canaanites to forced labor” | |
| 100 | 1:29 | ek8n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | וְאֶפְרַ֨יִם֙ | 1 | The author is speaking of the tribe of **Ephraim** as if it were an individual person, its ancestor Ephraim, who was one of the twelve sons of Jacob. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the people of Ephraim” | |
| 101 | 1:29 | u8mq | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | בְּגָ֑זֶר | 1 | The word **Gezer** is the name of a city. | |
| 102 | 1:30 | l8tv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | זְבוּלֻ֗ן | 1 | The author is speaking of the tribe of **Zebulun** as if it were an individual person, its ancestor Zebulun, who was one of the twelve sons of Jacob. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the people of Zebulun” | |
| 103 | 1:30 | j055 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | קִטְר֔וֹן & נַהֲלֹ֑ל | 1 | The words **Kitron** and **Nahalol** are the names of cities. | |
| 104 | 1:31 | e29r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | אָשֵׁ֗ר | 1 | The author is speaking of the tribe of **Asher** as if it were an individual person, its ancestor Asher, who was one of the twelve sons of Jacob. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the people of Asher” | |
| 105 | 1:31 | b612 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | עַכּ֔וֹ & צִיד֑וֹן וְאֶת־אַחְלָ֤ב וְאֶת־אַכְזִיב֙ וְאֶת־חֶלְבָּ֔ה וְאֶת־אֲפִ֖יק וְאֶת־רְחֹֽב | 1 | The words **Akko**, **Sidon**, **Ahlab**, **Akzib**, **Heblah**, **Aphek**, and **Rehob** are the names of cities. | |
| 106 | 1:33 | j056 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | נַפְתָּלִ֗י | 1 | The author is speaking of the tribe of **Naphtali** as if it were an individual person, its ancestor Naphtali, who was one of the twelve sons of Jacob. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the people of Naphtali” | |
| 107 | 1:33 | d9v1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | בֵֽית־שֶׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ & בֵית־עֲנָ֔ת | 1 | The words **Beth Shemesh** and **Beth Anath** are the names of cities. | |
| 108 | 1:34 | j057 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | וַיִּלְחֲצ֧וּ הָאֱמֹרִ֛י אֶת־בְּנֵי־דָ֖ן הָהָ֑רָה כִּי־לֹ֥א נְתָנ֖וֹ לָרֶ֥דֶת לָעֵֽמֶק | 1 | If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “And the Amorites did not allow the sons of Dan to go down into the valley, so they were pressed into the hill country” | |
| 109 | 1:34 | j058 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | אֶת־בְּנֵי־דָ֖ן | 1 | See how you translated the expression “the sons of Judah” in [1:16](../01/16.md). Alternate translation: “the people of Dan” | |
| 110 | 1:34 | j059 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | לֹ֥א נְתָנ֖וֹ | 1 | The pronoun **he** refers to **the Amorite**, and the pronoun **him** refers to **the sons of Dan** (as if they were a single individual, their ancestor Dan). It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the Amorites did not allow the people of Dan” | |
| 111 | 1:35 | j060 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וַיּ֤וֹאֶל הָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ לָשֶׁ֣בֶת בְּהַר־חֶ֔רֶס בְּאַיָּל֖וֹן וּבְשַֽׁעַלְבִ֑ים | 1 | The author is leaving some information implicit that he assumes readers will understand. You could state this information explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And the Amorites resolved to dwell at Mount Heres, in Aijalon, and in Shaalbim, and so the Israelites were not able to dispossess them” | |
| 112 | 1:35 | qwt2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | בְּהַר־חֶ֔רֶס | 1 | **Mount Heres** is the name of a large hill on which the city of Aijalon was built. | |
| 113 | 1:35 | cw8t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | בְּאַיָּל֖וֹן וּבְשַֽׁעַלְבִ֑ים | 1 | The words **Aijalon** and **Shaalbim** are the names of cities. | |
| 114 | 1:35 | x276 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | וַתִּכְבַּד֙ יַ֣ד בֵּית־יוֹסֵ֔ף | 1 | Saying that the **hand** of a person or group **became heavy** means that the person or group became strong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the house of Joseph became strong” | |
| 115 | 1:35 | uvw1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בֵּית־יוֹסֵ֔ף | 1 | See how you translated the phrase **the house of Joseph** in [1:22](../01/22.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph” | |
| 116 | 1:36 | j061 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | וּגְבוּל֙ הָאֱמֹרִ֔י | 1 | The author is introducing background information that is not part of the main story. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. | |
| 117 | 1:36 | g7nx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate | מִֽמַּעֲלֵ֖ה עַקְרַבִּ֑ים | 1 | **Akrabbim** is a Hebrew word that the ULT has spelled out using English letters so that readers will know how it sounds. The word means “scorpions” in Hebrew, and here it is the name of a place. The word translated as **ascent** may be part of this name. In your translation you could spell this name the way it sounds in your language, or you could express its meaning as a name. Alternate translation: “was from Scorpion Pass” | |
| 118 | 1:36 | qr2w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | מֵהַסֶּ֖לַע | 1 | The word translated as **cliff** could be the name of a place. Alternate translation: “from Sela” | |
| 119 | 2:intro | mf6a | 0 | # Judges 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n- Verses 1–5: The angel of Yahweh appears to the Israelites at Bokim\n- Verses 6–10: Review: the Israelites worshiped and obeyed Yahweh during the lifetimes of Joshua and the elders\n- Verses 11–23: The Israelites disobeyed Yahweh and worshiped other gods afterwards, so Yahweh let other nations conquer them\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Joshua reappears in the story after it tells how he died\n\nIn Judges 2:6–9, the author repeats Joshua 24:28-31 to remind readers how the people of Israel served Yahweh faithfully when they first arrived in the land of Canaan. This is background information. After these verses, the main story of the book of Judges begins. It is about how the Israelites then worshiped other gods, but Yahweh repeatedly brought them back to himself and delivered them from their enemies when they repented. It may seem strange for the book to speak of Joshua doing something, since it begins “after the death of Joshua.” So you can translate this in a way that shows that the author is providing background information by describing something that happened in the past. See the note at 2:6 for a specific suggestion.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nIn this chapter, the author uses the word “fathers” several times to mean “ancestors.” He is not speaking of the immediate male parents of the Israelites, but of the generations who lived before them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### Symbolic action\n\nIn this chapter, the author speaks of the Israelites bowing down to idols that represented foreign gods. This was a symbolic action that constituted a public act of worship, so it represented a definitive expression of allegiance to those gods. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. When the book says that the Israelites bowed down to foreign gods, you could say, for example, that they “worshiped them by bowing down to them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-symaction]])\n\n\n | |||
| 120 | 2:1 | tt9y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | מַלְאַךְ־יְהוָ֛ה | 1 | The phrase **the angel of Yahweh** could mean: (1) “an angel who represented Yahweh” or “a messenger who served Yahweh.” (2) Yahweh himself, who looked like an angel as he talked to the Israelites. Either one of these meanings would explain the angel’s use of “I” as if Yahweh himself was talking. In your translation, use the words you have already been using for “angel” and “Yahweh” in the phrase **the angel of Yahweh**. This will allow for different interpretations of that phrase. Alternate translation: “And an angel from Yahweh” or “And an angel sent by Yahweh” or “And Yahweh, who looked like an angel,” | |
| 121 | 2:1 | x66i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | הַבֹּכִ֑ים | 1 | The word **Bokim** is the name of a place. The Israelites actually give the place this name at the end of this episode, in [2:5](../02/05.md), but the author is using it here because his readers knew the place by that name. See the UST for one way to handle this issue. | |
| 122 | 2:1 | te37 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ | 1 | The author is leaving some information implicit that he assumes readers will understand. You could state this information explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and said to the Israelites, who had gathered there,” | |
| 123 | 2:1 | im2i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense | אַעֲלֶ֨ה אֶתְכֶ֜ם | 1 | The angel, speaking on behalf of Yahweh, is using the present tense to describe a past event. He may be doing that because delivering the Israelites from slavery in Egypt and settling them in the land of Canaan together constitute a single work on their behalf that was still ongoing at this point. However, if it would not be natural for a speaker of your language to use the present tense in such a context, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “I brought you up from Egypt” | |
| 124 | 2:1 | ha9u | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | לַאֲבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם | 1 | As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the angel is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to your ancestors” | |
| 125 | 2:1 | j062 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes | וָאֹמַ֕ר לֹֽא־אָפֵ֧ר בְּרִיתִ֛י אִתְּכֶ֖ם לְעוֹלָֽם | 1 | If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “And I have said that I would not break my covenant with you, to eternity” | |
| 126 | 2:2 | j063 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes | וְאַתֶּ֗ם לֹֽא־תִכְרְת֤וּ בְרִית֙ לְיֽוֹשְׁבֵי֙ הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את מִזְבְּחוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם תִּתֹּצ֑וּן | 1 | If you decided in the previous verse to translate this quotation in such a way that there would not be a quotation within a quotation, you can continue doing that here. Alternate translation: “But I also said that you were not to cut a covenant with the dwellers of this land. You were to demolish their altars” | |
| 127 | 2:2 | syq4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וְלֹֽא־שְׁמַעְתֶּ֥ם בְּקֹלִ֖י | 1 | The angel, speaking on behalf of Yahweh, is using the word **voice** by association to mean what he said by using his voice. In this context, **heard** has the specific sense of “obeyed.” Alternate translation: “But you have disobeyed what I commanded” | |
| 128 | 2:2 | w8ys | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | מַה־זֹּ֥את עֲשִׂיתֶֽם | 1 | The angel is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not have done this!” | |
| 129 | 2:3 | kdq3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes | וְגַ֣ם אָמַ֔רְתִּי לֹֽא־אֲגָרֵ֥שׁ אוֹתָ֖ם מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם וְהָי֤וּ לָכֶם֙ לְצִדִּ֔ים וֵאלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם יִהְי֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם לְמוֹקֵֽשׁ | 1 | If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. (See the next note for another way to do this.) Alternate translation: “And I have also said that I would not expel them from before you, but they would be to you like thorns in your sides, and their gods would be a snare to you” | |
| 130 | 2:3 | j064 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וְגַ֣ם אָמַ֔רְתִּי | 1 | The angel, speaking on behalf of Yahweh, assumes that the Israelites will know when he **also said** this. In [Numbers 33:55](../num/33/55.md), Yahweh told the Israelites that if they did not drive out the Canaanites, the ones who remained would be thorns in their sides. In [Joshua 23:12–13](../jos/23/12.md), Joshua warned the Israelites that if they made treaties with the Canaanite nations and intermarried with them, then Yahweh would no longer dispossess those nations and they would be thorns and a snare to the Israelites. So the angel seems to be indicating that Joshua was speaking on behalf of Yahweh when Joshua said that Yahweh would no longer drive out the Canaanites. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And as I said through Joshua, I will not expel them from the face of you, but they will be to you in the sides, and their gods will be to you for a snare” | |
| 131 | 2:3 | j065 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | וְהָי֤וּ לָכֶם֙ לְצִדִּ֔ים | 1 | The angel is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but they will be thorns in your sides” | |
| 132 | 2:3 | plg4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְהָי֤וּ לָכֶם֙ לְצִדִּ֔ים | 1 | Yahweh spoke as if the Canaanites would literally be thorns in the **sides** of the Israelites. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but they will continually cause trouble for you” | |
| 133 | 2:3 | b6w1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וֵאלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם יִהְי֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם לְמוֹקֵֽשׁ | 1 | Yahweh spoke as if the **gods** of the Canaanites would literally be a **snare** in which the Israelites would be caught. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and worshiping their gods will be the cause of your destruction” | |
| 134 | 2:4 | j066 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | וַיְהִ֗י | 1 | The author is using this phrase to introduce background information that is not part of the main narrative. This verse and the next verse explain how this place got the name Bokim. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. | |
| 135 | 2:4 | j067 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns | וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ הָעָ֛ם אֶת־קוֹלָ֖ם וַיִּבְכּֽוּ | 1 | Since the author is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **voice**. Alternate translation: “that the people lifted up their voices and wept” | |
| 136 | 2:4 | j068 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ הָעָ֛ם אֶת־קוֹלָ֖ם וַיִּבְכּֽוּ | 1 | The author is speaking as a **voice** were literally something that the people of Israel could have **lifted up**. He means that they spoke loudly. Your language may have an expression of its own that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “that the people wept in loud voices” | |
| 137 | 2:4 | f5v2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys | וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ הָעָ֛ם אֶת־קוֹלָ֖ם וַיִּבְכּֽוּ | 1 | The phrase **lifted up their voice and wept** conveys a single idea by using two expressions connected with **and**. The expression **lifted up their voice** tells in what way the people **wept.** Alternate translation: “that the people wept out loud” | |
| 138 | 2:5 | j069 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וַֽיִּקְרְא֛וּ שֵֽׁם־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא בֹּכִ֑ים | 1 | The author assumes that his readers will know that **Bokim** means “weepers.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could provide this information in a footnote, or you could put it in the text of your translation, as the UST does. | |
| 139 | 2:5 | j070 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo | וַֽיִּקְרְא֛וּ שֵֽׁם־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא | 1 | It might seem that the expression **they called the name of that place** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you can shorten it. See how you translated the same expression in [1:17](../01/17.md). Alternate translation: “So they called that place” | |
| 140 | 2:6 | u1xb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | וַיְשַׁלַּ֥ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ אֶת־הָעָ֑ם וַיֵּלְכ֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל | 1 | Here the author is providing background information to help readers understand what happens next in the story. See the discussion of this in the General Notes to this chapter. Alternate translation: “Now after Joshua had dismissed the people, the sons of Israel had gone” | |
| 141 | 2:6 | i12e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | אִ֥ישׁ לְנַחֲלָת֖וֹ | 1 | The author is speaking as if the land that Joshua assigned to the tribes were literally an **inheritance** that they received from a relative who had died. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “each one to his assigned territory” | |
| 142 | 2:7 | kcc2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | וַיַּעַבְד֤וּ הָעָם֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה | 1 | If you decided to translate [2:6](../02/06.md) in a way that showed it was background information, you can continue to do that in this verse. Alternate translation: “And the people had served Yahweh” | |
| 143 | 2:7 | ydz9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וְכֹ֣ל ׀ יְמֵ֣י הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים | 1 | In these phrases, the author is using the term **days** to refer to a specific time, the lifetimes of Joshua and these elders. He is doing this by association with the way a lifetime is made up of individual days. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “throughout the lifetimes of Joshua and the elders” | |
| 144 | 2:7 | qml9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶאֱרִ֤יכוּ יָמִים֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוֹשׁ֔וּעַ | 1 | The author is speaking as if these **elders** had done something to make their days longer after Joshua died. He is using a common expression that means that their **days**, that is, their lifetimes, continued for some years after Joshua died. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who had outlived Joshua” | |
| 145 | 2:8 | ii19 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | וַיָּ֛מָת יְהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ בִּן־נ֖וּן עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֑ה | 1 | If you have been translating these verses in a way that shows they are background information, you can continue to do that here. Alternate translation: “Now Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of Yahweh, had died” | |
| 146 | 2:8 | k12w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | נ֖וּן | 1 | The word **Nun** is the name of a man, the father of **Joshua**. | |
| 147 | 2:8 | xfn6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | בֶּן־מֵאָ֥ה וָעֶ֖שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים | 1 | In certain contexts, the expression **son of** indicates that a person shares the qualities of something. In cases such as this, it specifically describes how old a person is. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when he was 110 years old” | |
| 148 | 2:9 | j233 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | וַיִּקְבְּר֤וּ אוֹתוֹ֙ | 1 | If you have been translating these verses in a way that shows they are background information, you can continue to do that here. Alternate translation: “And they had buried him” | |
| 149 | 2:9 | j071 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | וַיִּקְבְּר֤וּ אוֹתוֹ֙ | 1 | Here, **they** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with a different expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “And he was buried” | |
| 150 | 2:9 | yk2s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | בְּתִמְנַת־חֶ֖רֶס & גָּֽעַשׁ | 1 | The words **Timnath Heres** are the name of an area, and the word **Gaash** is the name of a mountain. | |
| 151 | 2:10 | j072 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | וְגַם֙ כָּל־הַדּ֣וֹר הַה֔וּא נֶאֶסְפ֖וּ אֶל־אֲבוֹתָ֑יו | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, the context suggests that it was Yahweh. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh also gathered all of that generation to its fathers” | |
| 152 | 2:10 | r6cs | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְגַם֙ & נֶאֶסְפ֖וּ אֶל־אֲבוֹתָ֑יו | 1 | The author is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And … also joined its ancestors in death” | |
| 153 | 2:10 | umh1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism | וְגַם֙ & נֶאֶסְפ֖וּ אֶל־אֲבוֹתָ֑יו | 1 | The author is using this expression to mean that the people of that generation died. This is a mild way of referring to death. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “And … also passed away” | |
| 154 | 2:10 | j073 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹא־יָֽדְעוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וְגַם֙ אֶת־הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל | 1 | The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “who did not know Yahweh and also did not know the deed that he had done for Israel” | |
| 155 | 2:10 | j074 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns | הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה | 1 | Since the author is referring to all of the things that **Yahweh … had done for Israel**, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **deed** as in [2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “the deeds” | |
| 156 | 2:11 | j075 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | אֶת־הָרַ֖ע | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **evil**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what was evil” or “things that were evil” | |
| 157 | 2:11 | yhh4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה | 1 | The author is using the term **eyes** by association to mean sight. Sight, in turn, represents attention, perspective, and judgment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in Yahweh’s judgment” | |
| 158 | 2:11 | gx61 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | אֶת־הַבְּעָלִֽים | 1 | The word **Baals** is the plural of the name Baal. While Baal was generally the name of one particular false god, the word was also used for various other gods that were often worshiped along with Baal. If using the plural name in your translation would not be clear for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “many false gods” | |
| 159 | 2:12 | n4xl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וַיֵּלְכ֞וּ אַחֲרֵ֣י ׀ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֗ים | 1 | The author is speaking as if the Israelites literally **went after** the false gods that they worshiped, that is, as if they walked somewhere following them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they served other gods” | |
| 160 | 2:12 | w9r2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction | וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם | 1 | As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, bowing down to these gods was a symbolic action that was an act of worship. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “and they worshiped them by bowing down to them” | |
| 161 | 2:13 | ddu6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | וְלָעַשְׁתָּרֽוֹת | 1 | The word **Ashtoreths** is the plural of the name Ashtoreth. This was a false goddess who was worshiped in many different forms. If using the plural name in your translation would not be clear for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “many false goddesses” | |
| 162 | 2:14 | j076 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף יְהוָה֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל | 1 | As the Introduction to Judges discusses, the author is using the term **nose** to mean anger, by association with the way that a person who is angry breathes heavily through his nose. Your language and culture may also associate anger with a particular part of the body. If so, you could use an expression involving that part of the body in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “in his anger” | |
| 163 | 2:14 | r6xm | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף יְהוָה֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל | 1 | The author is speaking as if Yahweh’s anger literally **burned**, as if it were a fire. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh became furious with Israel” | |
| 164 | 2:14 | bjf9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וַֽיִּתְּנֵם֙ בְּיַד־שֹׁסִ֔ים | 1 | Here, **hand** represents the power of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he gave plunderers power over them” | |
| 165 | 2:14 | v1ki | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וַֽיִּמְכְּרֵ֞ם בְּיַ֤ד אֽוֹיְבֵיהֶם֙ מִסָּבִ֔יב | 1 | The author is speaking as if Yahweh had literally **sold** the Israelites as slaves to the hostile nations around them. (Here, **hand** represents possession, by association with the way that people may hold something that they own in their hands. It was as if the hostile nations owned the Israelites as their slaves.) He means that the Israelites became subject to those nations. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And he made them subjects of the enemies that surrounded them” | |
| 166 | 2:14 | j077 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְלֹֽא־יָכְל֣וּ ע֔וֹד לַעֲמֹ֖ד לִפְנֵ֥י אוֹיְבֵיהֶֽם | 1 | The author is speaking as if the Israelites could literally not **stand** up in the presence of their **enemies**. (As the Introduction to Joshua discusses, here **face** represents their presence, by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present.) If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they were no longer able to resist their enemies” | |
| 167 | 2:15 | b13p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | יַד־יְהוָה֙ הָיְתָה־בָּ֣ם | 1 | Here, **hand** represents the power of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh used his power against them” | |
| 168 | 2:15 | j078 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys | כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וְכַאֲשֶׁ֛ר נִשְׁבַּ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה לָהֶ֑ם | 1 | This phrase expresses a single idea by using two expressions connected with **and**. The word **sworn** tells in what way Yahweh **spoke.** Alternate translation: “as Yahweh had said solemnly that he would do” | |
| 169 | 2:15 | n59g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וַיֵּ֥צֶר לָהֶ֖ם מְאֹֽד | 1 | The author is speaking as if the Israelites were literally brought into a place where they had very little room on either side of them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And they were terribly distressed” | |
| 170 | 2:16 | t2b3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וַיָּ֥קֶם יְהוָ֖ה שֹֽׁפְטִ֑ים | 1 | The author is speaking as if Yahweh had literally **raised up** these **judges**, that is, as if Yahweh had lifted them up to a high place. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh provided judges” | |
| 171 | 2:16 | myh2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | מִיַּ֖ד שֹׁסֵיהֶֽם | 1 | Here, **hand** represents the power of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the plunderers who had been too strong for them to resist” | |
| 172 | 2:17 | p49i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וְגַ֤ם אֶל־שֹֽׁפְטֵיהֶם֙ לֹ֣א שָׁמֵ֔עוּ & לִשְׁמֹ֥עַ מִצְוֺת־יְהוָ֖ה | 1 | The author is using the verb translated as **listen** and **hear** in this verse to mean by association “obey.” Alternate translation: “But they would not even obey their judges … to obey the commands of Yahweh” | |
| 173 | 2:17 | dv8s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | זָנ֗וּ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים | 1 | The author is speaking as if the Israelites had literally acted as prostitutes for **other gods**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: Alternate translation: “they betrayed Yahweh by worshiping other gods” | |
| 174 | 2:17 | j079 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | סָ֣רוּ מַהֵ֗ר מִן־הַדֶּ֜רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָלְכ֧וּ אֲבוֹתָ֛ם | 1 | The author is speaking of how people live as if that were a **way** or path that people **walked** along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “They quickly stopped living in the manner that their fathers had” | |
| 175 | 2:18 | j080 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | וְכִֽי־הֵקִ֨ים יְהוָ֥ה ׀ לָהֶם֮ שֹֽׁפְטִים֒ & כִּֽי־יִנָּחֵ֤ם יְהוָה֙ מִנַּֽאֲקָתָ֔ם מִפְּנֵ֥י לֹחֲצֵיהֶ֖ם וְדֹחֲקֵיהֶֽם | 1 | If it would be more natural in your language, you could put the second sentence of this verse at the beginning of the verse, since it gives the reason for what the rest of the verse describes. Within that sentence, you could also put the reason before the result. Alternate translation: “For the people of Israel were groaning because of their afflicters and oppressors. Yahweh had compassion on them, so he raised up judges for them” | |
| 176 | 2:18 | eau5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | הֵקִ֨ים יְהוָ֥ה ׀ לָהֶם֮ שֹֽׁפְטִים֒ | 1 | See how you translated the expression **raised up** in [2:16](../02/16.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh provided judges for them” | |
| 177 | 2:18 | hz8j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | וְהֽוֹשִׁיעָם֙ | 1 | The pronoun **them** refers to the Israelites. The pronoun **he** could refer either to Yahweh or to the **judge**, although there is not a significant difference in meaning. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh saved the Israelites” or “and that enabled the judge to save the Israelites” | |
| 178 | 2:18 | ql9k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | מִיַּ֣ד אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם | 1 | See how you translated the word **hand** in [2:26](../02/16.md). Alternate translation: “from the power of their enemies” | |
| 179 | 2:18 | j2rk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י הַשּׁוֹפֵ֑ט | 1 | See how you translated the word **days** in [2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “throughout the lifetime of that judge” | |
| 180 | 2:19 | q63w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | יָשֻׁ֨בוּ֙ | 1 | The author is speaking as if the Israelites had literally been walking behind God but then **turned** away to walk in a different direction from him. He means that they stopped living in the manner in which God wants people to live. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they changed their behavior” | |
| 181 | 2:19 | kid3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | לָלֶ֗כֶת אַֽחֲרֵי֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים | 1 | The author is speaking of how people live as if that were a path that people would **walk** along. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “to live as the followers of other gods do” | |
| 182 | 2:19 | lq1a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | לֹ֤א הִפִּ֨ילוּ֙ | 1 | The author is speaking as if the Israelites could literally **drop** their wrong actions, that is, have them fall out of their hands onto the ground. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “They did not give up” | |
| 183 | 2:19 | j081 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | מִמַּ֣עַלְלֵיהֶ֔ם וּמִדַּרְכָּ֖ם הַקָּשָֽׁה | 1 | The author is speaking of the actions that people do as if those were **ways** or paths that people were walking along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “{any} of their deeds or {any} of their stubborn actions” | |
| 184 | 2:19 | j082 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet | מִמַּ֣עַלְלֵיהֶ֔ם וּמִדַּרְכָּ֖ם\n | 1 | The terms **deeds** and **ways** mean similar things. The author is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. The UST models one way to do this. | |
| 185 | 2:20 | b7rk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל | 1 | See how you translated the same expression in [2:14](../02/14.md). Alternate translation: “So Yahweh became furious with Israel” | |
| 186 | 2:20 | j083 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ לְקוֹלִֽי | 1 | Yahweh is using the word **voice** to represent what he said by using his voice, and he is using the term **listened** to mean by association “obey.” See how you translated the similar expression in [2:17](../02/17.md). Alternate translation: “and they have not obeyed what I commanded” | |
| 187 | 2:22 | j084 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations | לְמַ֛עַן נַסּ֥וֹת בָּ֖ם אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הֲשֹׁמְרִ֣ים הֵם֩ אֶת־דֶּ֨רֶךְ יְהוָ֜ה לָלֶ֣כֶת בָּ֗ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר שָׁמְר֥וּ אֲבוֹתָ֖ם אִם־לֹֽא | 1 | It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here, that is, to translate this as if Yahweh were asking himself a direct question. Alternate translation: “for the testing of Israel by them. Will they be keeping the way of Yahweh, to walk in them as that their fathers kept {them}, or not?” | |
| 188 | 2:22 | n194 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | הֲשֹׁמְרִ֣ים הֵם֩ אֶת־דֶּ֨רֶךְ יְהוָ֜ה לָלֶ֣כֶת בָּ֗ם | 1 | See how you translated the similar expression with **way** and **walk** in [2:17](../02/17.md). Alternate translation: “are they living in the manner that Yahweh wishes, obeying his commandments” | |
| 189 | 2:22 | j085 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person | אֶת־דֶּ֨רֶךְ יְהוָ֜ה | 1 | Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “my way” | |
| 190 | 2:22 | j086 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | לָלֶ֣כֶת בָּ֗ם | 1 | Since the pronoun **them** is plural, it is not a reference back to the **way** of Yahweh. It is probably a reference instead to the commandments of Yahweh, which were mentioned in the corresponding phrase in [2:17](../02/17.md). It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “to walk in his commandments” or “to obey his commandments” | |
| 191 | 2:23 | b618 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וְלֹ֥א נְתָנָ֖ם בְּיַד־יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ | 1 | Here, **hand** represents the power of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he did not give Joshua power over them” | |
| 192 | 2:23 | j087 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | וְלֹ֥א נְתָנָ֖ם בְּיַד־יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ | 1 | The author is using Joshua to represent the entire army of Israel, which Joshua commanded. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he did not enable the Israelite soldiers under the command of Joshua to conquer them” | |
| 193 | 3:intro | k35h | 0 | # Judges 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n- Verses 1–8: The Israelites lived with other nations and worshiped their gods\n- Verses 9–11: God sent Othniel to rescue Israel from Aram\n- Verses 12–30: God sent Ehud to rescue Israel from Moab\n- Verse 31: God sent Shamgar to rescue Israel from the Philistines\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Yahweh allowed other nations to conquer Israel\n\nAs [3:5–8](../03/05.md) explains, Israel worshiped idols and false gods. Because of this, Yahweh allowed the nations of Aram and Moab to rule over them. In the period of Judges, when Israel sinned, they were often placed under the rule of a foreign power. However, when the people repented, Yahweh sent judges to deliver them. This chapter describes how Yahweh sent Othniel, Ehud, and Shamgar to rescue Israel from foreign control. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n### The carved images at Gilgal\n\nBiblical scholars are not entirely sure what the “carved images” mentioned in [3:19](../03/19.md) were. They could have been some kind of boundary marker. Some interpreters associate them with the twelve large stones that Joshua set up at Gilgal in Joshua [4:20](../jos/04/20.md). They seem to have been a recognizable landmark of some kind. Once Ehud and the porters reached them, Ehud knew that the porters were back in Israelite territory and could find their way safely back home from there without him. In your translation, you might refer to these as “carved stones” or, as in the UST, “boundary stones.”\n\n### Irony and divine judgment\n\nIn [3:22](../03/22.md), the author uses an expression that could mean that when Ehud stabbed King Eglon in the stomach, Eglon’s bowels discharged from the force and shock of the sword thrust. In [3:24](../03/24.md), Eglon’s servants wait a long time before checking on him, because they think Eglon is relieving himself. This gives Ehud the opportunity to escape. This would be a further instance of irony in the book of Judges, in which the punishment in some way fits the crime.\n\n\n | |||
| 194 | 3:1 | j088 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | וְאֵ֤לֶּה הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִנִּ֣יחַ יְהוָ֔ה לְנַסּ֥וֹת בָּ֖ם אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־יָדְע֔וּ אֵ֖ת כָּל־מִלְחֲמ֥וֹת כְּנָֽעַן | 1 | If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Now many of the Israelites had not known any of the wars of Canaan, so Yahweh left some nations for the testing of Israel by them” | |
| 195 | 3:1 | w2is | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | וְאֵ֤לֶּה הַגּוֹיִם֙ | 1 | The author is introducing background information that will help readers understand what happens next in the story. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. | |
| 196 | 3:2 | j089 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | לֹ֥א יְדָעֽוּם | 1 | This instance of the pronoun **them** refers to the wars against the Canaanites described in the previous verse. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “had not experienced these wars” | |
| 197 | 3:3 | j090 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ וְהַצִּ֣ידֹנִ֔י וְהַ֣חִוִּ֔י | 1 | The author is not referring to a specific **Canaanite**, **Sidonian**, or **Hivite**. He means the members of those people groups in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Canaanites and Sidonians and Hivites” | |
| 198 | 3:3 | upq5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | מֵהַר֙ בַּ֣עַל חֶרְמ֔וֹן | 1 | **Mount Baal Hermon** seems to be another name for the mountain that was also known as Mount Hermon. This is the tallest mountain in Israel. It is at the southern tip of the Lebanon mountain range. | |
| 199 | 3:4 | f89f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations | הֲיִשְׁמְעוּ֙ אֶת־מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה אֶת־אֲבוֹתָ֖ם בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה | 1 | It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “to know, ‘Will they hear the commandments of Yahweh, which he commanded their fathers by the hand of Moses?’” | |
| 200 | 3:4 | j091 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry | אֶת־מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה אֶת־אֲבוֹתָ֖ם | 1 | For emphasis, the author is using a construction in which a verb and its object come from the same root. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “the commandments that Yahweh ordered their fathers to obey” | |
| 201 | 3:4 | j092 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה | 1 | The author is using the **hand** of Moses to represent Moses himself in the act of giving **the commandments of Yahweh** to Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “through Moses” | |
| 202 | 3:5 | j093 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֑י הַחִתִּ֤י וְהָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י וְהַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי | 1 | See how you translated the similar list of people groups in [3:3](../03/03.md). Alternate translation: “the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites” | |
| 203 | 3:6 | j094 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | וַיִּקְח֨וּ אֶת־בְּנוֹתֵיהֶ֤ם לָהֶם֙ לְנָשִׁ֔ים וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם נָתְנ֣וּ לִבְנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם | 1 | It may be helpful to clarify for your readers the references of the pronouns in this verse. Alternate translation: “And the Israelites took the daughters of these nations for themselves as wives, and the Israelites gave their daughters to the sons of these nations, and the Israelites served the gods of these nations” | |
| 204 | 3:7 | j095 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | אֶת־הָרַע֙ | 1 | See how you translated the same expression in [2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil” or “things that were evil” | |
| 205 | 3:7 | p6m5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה | 1 | See how you translated the same expression in [2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “in Yahweh’s judgment” | |
| 206 | 3:7 | j096 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | אֶת־הַבְּעָלִ֖ים וְאֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרֽוֹת | 1 | See how you translated the similar expression in [2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “many false gods and goddesses” | |
| 207 | 3:8 | j097 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף יְהוָה֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל | 1 | The author is using the word translated as **Then** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. | |
| 208 | 3:8 | yg7p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף יְהוָה֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל | 1 | See how you translated the same expression in [2:14](../02/14.md). Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh became furious with Israel” | |
| 209 | 3:8 | gwp8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וַֽיִּמְכְּרֵ֗ם בְּיַד֙ | 1 | See how you translated the same expression in [2:14](../02/14.md). Alternate translation: “and he made them subjects of” | |
| 210 | 3:8 | b1vl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | כּוּשַׁ֣ן רִשְׁעָתַ֔יִם | 1 | The word **Cushan-Rishathaim** is the name of a man. | |
| 211 | 3:8 | a27l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | אֲרַ֣ם נַהֲרָ֑יִם | 1 | The word **Aram Naharaim** is the name of a country. | |
| 212 | 3:9 | vg5k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וַיָּ֨קֶם יְהוָ֥ה מוֹשִׁ֛יעַ | 1 | See how you translated the same expression in [2:16](../02/16.md). Alternate translation: “and Yahweh provided a savior” or “and Yahweh provided someone to deliver” | |
| 213 | 3:10 | j098 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וַתְּהִ֨י עָלָ֥יו רֽוּחַ־יְהוָה֮ | 1 | The author is speaking as if the **Spirit of Yahweh** had physically been **upon** or on top of Othniel. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the Spirit of Yahweh powerfully influenced him” | |
| 214 | 3:10 | k8cd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | וַיֵּצֵא֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה | 1 | Othniel did not do this by himself. Rather, he led an army of soldiers that did this. The author is speaking of Othniel, one person who was involved in this action, to mean everyone who was involved. Alternate translation: “And he led the army of Israel out to war” | |
| 215 | 3:10 | f953 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וַיִּתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ אֶת־כּוּשַׁ֥ן רִשְׁעָתַ֖יִם מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֑ם | 1 | See how you translated the same expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “and Yahweh gave him the power to defeat Cushan-Rishathaim, the king of Aram” | |
| 216 | 3:10 | l4lh | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | וַיִּתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ אֶת־כּוּשַׁ֥ן רִשְׁעָתַ֖יִם מֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֑ם | 1 | The author is speaking of Cushan-Rishathaim to mean that king and his whole army. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh gave him the power to defeat the army of Cushan-Rishathaim, the king of Aram” | |
| 217 | 3:10 | j099 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | וַתָּ֣עָז יָד֔וֹ עַ֖ל כּוּשַׁ֥ן רִשְׁעָתָֽיִם | 1 | This is a common expression that means that Othniel won the battle against this king because his forces were more powerful. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “So he prevailed against Cushan-Rishathaim” | |
| 218 | 3:11 | svg9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | וַתִּשְׁקֹ֥ט הָאָ֖רֶץ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה | 1 | The author is speaking as if the **land** on which the Israelites lived were a living thing that **rested** after a foreign occupier was driven away. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And there were no more wars for 40 years” | |
| 219 | 3:12 | l914 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה | 1 | See how you translated the same expression in [2:11](../02/11.md) and [3:7](../03/07.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” | |
| 220 | 3:12 | j100 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | וַיְחַזֵּ֨ק יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־עֶגְל֤וֹן מֶֽלֶךְ־מוֹאָב֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַ֛ל כִּֽי־עָשׂ֥וּ אֶת־הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה | 1 | If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “So because the Israelites did evil in his eyes, Yahweh strengthened Eglon, the king of Moab, against them” | |
| 221 | 3:12 | s1wn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | וַיְחַזֵּ֨ק יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־עֶגְל֤וֹן מֶֽלֶךְ־מוֹאָב֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל | 1 | The author is speaking of **Eglon** to mean that king and his army. Alternate translation: “So Yahweh enabled Eglon to build a strong army to attack Israel” | |
| 222 | 3:12 | z23q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | אֶת־עֶגְל֤וֹן | 1 | The word **Eglon** is the name of a man. | |
| 223 | 3:13 | j101 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וַיֶּאֱסֹ֣ף אֵלָ֔יו אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּ֖וֹן וַעֲמָלֵ֑ק | 1 | Here, **sons** means “descendants.” While the phrase **the sons of Ammon and Amalek** could refer to the entire Ammonite and Amalekite people groups, here the term **sons** may have male descendants, specifically soldiers, in view. Alternate translation: “And he made a military alliance with the Ammonites and Amalekites” or “And he joined forces with the Ammonite and Amalekite armies” | |
| 224 | 3:13 | rp3h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | אֶת־עִ֥יר הַתְּמָרִֽים | 1 | See how you translated this name in [1:16](../01/16.md). Alternate translation: “Jericho” | |
| 225 | 3:15 | zn6d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וַיָּקֶם֩ יְהוָ֨ה לָהֶ֜ם מוֹשִׁ֗יעַ | 1 | See how you translated the same expression in [2:16](../02/16.md). Alternate translation: “and Yahweh provided a savior for them” or “and Yahweh provided someone to deliver them” | |
| 226 | 3:15 | jja5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | אֶת־אֵה֤וּד בֶּן־גֵּרָא֙ | 1 | The words **Ehud** and **Gera** are the names of men. | |
| 227 | 3:15 | w4sk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | אִ֥ישׁ אִטֵּ֖ר יַד־יְמִינ֑וֹ | 1 | The author is speaking as if the Ehud literally had some limitation in the use of his **right hand**. In the context of this culture, the phrase probably indicates that he could use his left hand better than he could use his right hand but that he actually had no restriction in the use of either hand. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a left-handed man” | |
| 228 | 3:15 | j102 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | וַיִּשְׁלְח֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל בְּיָדוֹ֙ מִנְחָ֔ה | 1 | The author is using the **hand** of Ehud to represent Ehud himself in the act of bringing **tribute** to Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the sons of Israel sent tribute with Ehud” | |
| 229 | 3:16 | j103 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | וְלָ֛הּ שְׁנֵ֥י פֵי֖וֹת | 1 | The author is speaking of Ehud’s **sword** as if it had been a living thing that had a **mouth** and could eat. This is probably a reference to the way a sword cuts into a person as if it were an animal biting him. Since the author speaks of the sword having **two** mouths, in this context the word **mouths** probably refers to the edges of the sword. Alternate translation: “it was double-edged” | |
| 230 | 3:16 | fm5l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance | גֹּ֣מֶד אָרְכָּ֑הּ | 1 | The word translated as **cubit** describes the distance from a typical person’s elbow to the knuckles of his clenched fist. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this distance in terms of modern measurements. Alternate translation: “it was about half a meter long” or “it was about eighteen inches long” | |
| 231 | 3:17 | k42d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | וְעֶגְל֕וֹן\n | 1 | The author is introducing background information that will help readers understand what happens next in the story. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. | |
| 232 | 3:18 | j104 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | וַיְשַׁלַּח֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם | 1 | The pronoun **he** refers to Ehud, not Eglon, in both instances in this verse. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “that Ehud sent away the people” | |
| 233 | 3:18 | jss1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent | וַֽיְהִי֙ | 1 | The author is using this phrase to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. | |
| 234 | 3:19 | j105 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | וְה֣וּא שָׁ֗ב | 1 | For emphasis, the author is stating the pronoun **he**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated as **turned**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **himself**. Alternate translation: “But as for him, he turned back” | |
| 235 | 3:19 | q56y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | הַפְּסִילִים֙ | 1 | See the General Notes to this chapter for a discussion of what these **carved images** might have been and for some suggestions of how to describe them in your translation. | |
| 236 | 3:19 | j106 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וַיֹּ֕אמֶר | 1 | The author is leaving some information implicit that he assumes readers will understand. You could state this information explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and he returned to King Eglon. Ehud said to him” | |
| 237 | 3:19 | j107 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | דְּבַר־סֵ֥תֶר לִ֛י אֵלֶ֖יךָ | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **secrecy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “I have something secret to tell you” | |
| 238 | 3:19 | j108 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הָ֔ס | 1 | The pronoun **he** refers to Eglon. This could mean: (1) that he wanted silence in his court, and he specifically wanted everyone except him and Ehud to leave the room so that the court would be silent. Alternate translation: “And King Eglon told his servants, ‘Leave us here alone!’” (2) that he was telling Ehud not to say anything further, since his message was secret, until everyone else left. Alternate translation: “And King Eglon told Ehud, ‘Keep quiet for a moment.’” | |
| 239 | 3:20 | j109 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וְאֵה֣וּד ׀ בָּ֣א אֵלָ֗יו וְהֽוּא־יֹ֠שֵׁב בַּעֲלִיַּ֨ת הַמְּקֵרָ֤ה אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֙ | 1 | The author is leaving some information implicit that he assumes readers will understand. You could state this information explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. The word **came** could indicate: (1) that Ehud walked up close to Eglon and stood in front of him. Alternate translation: “Then Ehud approached him. Now he was sitting in his upper room of coolness” (2) that Ehud came into the **upper room** where Eglon was sitting. If so, this could mean that Ehud actually sent word to Eglon through his servants that he had a message for him, and Eglon summoned Ehud to come into his room where the two of them could speak privately once all the servants had left. Alternate translation: “Then Ehud entered the upper room of coolness in which the king was sitting” | |
| 240 | 3:20 | j110 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | וְהֽוּא־יֹ֠שֵׁב | 1 | The author is introducing background information that will help readers understand what happens next in the story. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. | |
| 241 | 3:20 | f67g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | בַּעֲלִיַּ֨ת הַמְּקֵרָ֤ה אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֙ | 1 | The phrase **upper room of coolness** describes a room in a palace that was designed to give rulers a place to go to escape the heat of summer, which was intense in this climate. Sometimes these were interior rooms on whose walls the sun did not shine, and sometimes they were rooms in a garden within the palace complex. In this case, it seems to have been a room on the roof that was exposed to currents of air, since the author describes it with the term **upper room**. Your language and culture may have an expression to describe such a room. Alternate translation: “in his summer parlor” or “in his cool roof chamber” | |
| 242 | 3:20 | p7ft | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction | וַיָּ֖קָם | 1 | King Eglon **arose** as a symbolic action to show respect for **God** and the message he thought God was sending to him through Ehud. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “And he stood up respectfully” | |
| 243 | 3:21 | j111 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | וַיִּתְקָעֶ֖הָ בְּבִטְנֽוֹ | 1 | The pronoun **he** refers to Ehud, and the pronoun **his** refers to Eglon. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “and Ehud thrust the sword into Eglon’s belly” | |
| 244 | 3:22 | j112 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | וַיִּסְגֹּ֤ר הַחֵ֨לֶב֙ בְּעַ֣ד הַלַּ֔הַב כִּ֣י לֹ֥א שָׁלַ֛ף הַחֶ֖רֶב מִבִּטְנ֑וֹ | 1 | If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “and since Ehud did not pull the sword from Eglon’s belly, the fat enclosed around the handle” | |
| 245 | 3:22 | k49p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | וַיֵּצֵ֖א הַֽפַּרְשְׁדֹֽנָה | 1 | The word translated as **excrement** occurs only here in the Old Testament, so its meaning is not entirely certain. This could mean: (1) that Eglon’s bowels discharged from the force and shock of the sword thrust. (See the General Notes to this chapter for a further discussion of this possibility.) Your language may have a way of referring to this discreetly. Alternate translation: “and he soiled himself” (2) that the point of the sword came out the other side of Eglon’s body. Alternate translation: “and the point came out the other side” (3) that Ehud went out to a chamber within this room before leaving the room itself. Alternate translation: “and he went out to the vestibule” | |
| 246 | 3:23 | djg4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | הַֽמִּסְדְּר֑וֹנָה | 1 | The word translated as **porch** occurs only here in the Old Testament, so its meaning is not entirely certain. Most interpreters understand it to mean a covered entrance area just outside the room Ehud had been in. Your language and culture may have an expression to describe such an area. Alternate translation: “to the vestibule” | |
| 247 | 3:24 | j113 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | וְה֤וּא יָצָא֙ וַעֲבָדָ֣יו בָּ֔אוּ | 1 | The pronoun **he** refers to Ehud, and the pronoun **his** refers to Eglon. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And Ehud went out, and Eglon’s servants came” | |
| 248 | 3:24 | j114 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וַיִּרְא֕וּ וְהִנֵּ֛ה דַּלְת֥וֹת הָעֲלִיָּ֖ה נְעֻל֑וֹת | 1 | The author is using the term **behold** to indicate that what the servants found when they **looked** was unexpected. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. You could also state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they discovered that the doors of the upper room were bolted” | |
| 249 | 3:24 | j115 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | דַּלְת֥וֹת הָעֲלִיָּ֖ה נְעֻל֑וֹת | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone had bolted the doors of the upper room” | |
| 250 | 3:24 | z2qt | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism | מֵסִ֥יךְ ה֛וּא אֶת־רַגְלָ֖יו | 1 | The servants are using the phrase **covering his feet** as a polite way of referring to an activity that is done in private. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “he is relieving himself” | |
| 251 | 3:24 | j116 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | בַּחֲדַ֥ר הַמְּקֵרָֽה | 1 | See how you translated the expression “the upper room of coolness” in [3:20](../03/20.md). The word **chamber** here is different from the word “upper chamber” there, but the author is referring to the same room, so you can use the same expression here as you did there. | |
| 252 | 3:25 | d7zv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | עַד־בּ֔וֹשׁ | 1 | The author implicitly means that the servants **felt ashamed** because they were supposed to stay in the king’s presence and remain available to fulfill any request of his. (The author describes these servants in [3:19](../03/19.md) as those who were usually “standing around” him.) You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “until they felt they were neglecting their duty” | |
| 253 | 3:25 | e1jf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | אֶת־הַמַּפְתֵּ֨חַ֙ | 1 | The word translated as **opener** refers to a device that people in this culture used to release the inside bolt of a door from the outside. It was a bar of wood, hooked on one end, that people would pass through a hole in a door in order to catch and lift the bolt inside. If the word **opener** would be unclear and it would be difficult or complicated to explain what it was, you could use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “the key” | |
| 254 | 3:25 | j117 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | וְהִנֵּה֙ אֲדֹ֣נֵיהֶ֔ם נֹפֵ֥ל אַ֖רְצָה מֵֽת | 1 | While Eglon did fall **to the ground** when Ehud stabbed him, since he had stood up to receive the message from God, the phrase **fallen dead** actually means that he became dead, as the author’s use of the same phrase in 4:22 indicates. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this without using the verb “fall.” Alternate translation: “and they found their lord on the floor, dead” | |
| 255 | 3:26 | r2ig | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure | וְאֵה֥וּד נִמְלַ֖ט עַ֣ד הִֽתְמַהְמְהָ֑ם | 1 | Since Ehud escaping is new information, it may be more natural in your language to present it after the information that readers already have, about Eglon’s servants **delaying**. Alternate translation: “Now while they were delaying, Ehud escaped” | |
| 256 | 3:26 | j118 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | אֶת־הַפְּסִילִ֔ים | 1 | See how you translated the same expression in [3:19](../03/19.md). | |
| 257 | 3:26 | x36q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate | הַשְּׂעִירָֽתָה | 1 | The word **Seirah** is the name of a city. | |
| 258 | 3:27 | j119 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וַיִּתְקַ֥ע בַּשּׁוֹפָ֖ר | 1 | The author means implicitly that Ehud **blew on the shofar** to summon the Israelites to battle. The UST models one way to indicate this explicitly. | |
| 259 | 3:27 | j120 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | בַּשּׁוֹפָ֖ר | 1 | A **shofar** is the horn of a ram (a male sheep) that has been made into a musical instrument. If your readers would not be familiar with this, in your translation you could use the name of a similar object that your readers would recognize, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a loud horn” | |
| 260 | 3:28 | i3vy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ רִדְפ֣וּ אַחֲרַ֔י כִּֽי־נָתַ֨ן יְהוָ֧ה אֶת־אֹיְבֵיכֶ֛ם אֶת־מוֹאָ֖ב בְּיֶדְכֶ֑ם | 1 | The author is providing background information that will help readers understand what is happening in the story. In the previous verse, the author described how “the sons of Israel went down with” Ehud “from the hill country.” This sentence explains that they had the courage to do that because Ehud had announced that Yahweh had promised them victory. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. | |
| 261 | 3:28 | k9q1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge | 1 | You could also create a verse bridge and combine verses 27 and 28 so that the background information comes within the flow of the narrative. It might say something like this: “Now it happened at his coming that he blew on the shofar in the hill country of Ephraim. And he said to them, ‘Follow after me, for Yahweh has given your enemies, Moab, into your hand.’ Then the sons of Israel went down with him from the hill country, and he {was} to the face of them. They captured the fords of the Jordan opposite Moab, and they did not allow anyone to cross over.” | ||
| 262 | 3:28 | j121 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular | אֶת־אֹיְבֵיכֶ֛ם & בְּיֶדְכֶ֑ם | 1 | The word **your** is plural in these instances because Ehud is addressing the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. (Because **your** is plural, it may be more natural in your language to say “hands” rather than **hand**.) | |
| 263 | 3:28 | ax6h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | בְּיֶדְכֶ֑ם | 1 | Here, **hand** represents the power of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh has given you the power to conquer your enemies, Moab” | |
| 264 | 3:28 | uf81 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | אֶת־מוֹאָ֖ב | 1 | The author is using the name **Moab** by association to mean the people of Moab and specifically their army. Alternate translation: “the Moabite army” | |
| 265 | 3:29 | jjy8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | אֶת־מוֹאָ֜ב | 1 | See how you translated as **Moab** in [3:28](../03/28.md). Alternate translation: “the Moabite army” | |
| 266 | 3:30 | ch1z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | וַתִּכָּנַ֤ע מוֹאָב֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא תַּ֖חַת יַ֣ד יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So the hand of Israel subdued Moab on that day” | |
| 267 | 3:30 | par9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וַתִּכָּנַ֤ע מוֹאָב֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא תַּ֖חַת יַ֣ד יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל | 1 | Here, **hand** represents the power of a person or nation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “So Moab was subdued on that day under the power of Israel” or “So Israel used the power that God gave it that day to subdue Moab” | |
| 268 | 3:30 | j122 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וַתִּכָּנַ֤ע מוֹאָב֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא תַּ֖חַת יַ֣ד יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל\n | 1 | The author is using the names **Moab** and **Israel** by association to mean the people of those nations, and specifically their armies. Alternate translation: “So the army of Israel defeated the army of Moab that day” | |
| 269 | 3:30 | w1xr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | וַתִּשְׁקֹ֥ט הָאָ֖רֶץ שְׁמוֹנִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה | 1 | See how you translated the same expression in [3:11](../03/11.md). Alternate translation: “And there were no more wars for 80 years” | |
| 270 | 3:31 | j123 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | וְאַחֲרָ֤יו | 1 | The pronoun **him** refers to Ehud. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And after Ehud” | |
| 271 | 3:31 | xdh8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | שַׁמְגַּ֣ר בֶּן־עֲנָ֔ת | 1 | The words **Shamgar** and **Anath** are the names of men. | |
| 272 | 3:31 | j124 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | בְּמַלְמַ֖ד הַבָּקָ֑ר | 1 | The author is not referring to a specific **ox**. He means oxen in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “with a goad for oxen” | |
| 273 | 3:31 | z3lr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | בְּמַלְמַ֖ד הַבָּקָ֑ר | 1 | To make their cattle move, farmers in this culture would poke them with a long tool that had a point at one end. This tool was called a **goad**. If your readers would not be familiar with this object, in your translation you could use the name of a similar object that your readers would recognize, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “with a pole used to urge cattle to move” or “with a pole used to direct cattle” | |
| 274 | 4:intro | pjw5 | 0 | # Judges 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nTo this point, after giving an introduction to the stories of the judges (1:1–3:6), the author has briefly described the work of three judges: Othniel (3:7–11), Ehud (3:12–30), and Shamgar (3:31). In this chapter and the next chapter, he describes at more length the work of another judge, Deborah, and the man she called and helped to lead an Israelite army, Barak.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### How had Yahweh already begun to fight Sisera before the Israelites attacked?\n\nIn [4:14](../04/14.md), Deborah tells Barak that it is time to attack Sisera’s forces because Yahweh has already begun to fight against them. It is not clear from this chapter entirely what this means. But readers learn in the next chapter that there was a great storm on the day of this battle. Deborah says in her song (in [5:4](../05/04.md)) that when Yahweh marched out, “dark clouds dripped down water” and “the earth shook” (perhaps a reference to thunder). She speaks in [5:21](../05/21.md) of the Kishon River flooding. The historian Josephus writes of this battle that “as soon as the armies were engaged, there arose a prodigious tempest of hail and rain, which drove in the faces of the Canaanites, and occasioned a total rout of them.” With the rain, hail, and flooding, Sisera’s forces were not able to make use of their chariots. Barak was able to lead his troops down from the relative safety of Mount Tabor onto the plain and destroy Sisera’s army and its chariots.\n\n### “Yahweh will sell Sisera into the hand of a woman”\n\nWhen Deborah tells Barak to raise an army to oppose Sisera, he replies, “If you will go with me, then I will go, but if you will not go with me, I will not go” ([4:8](../04/08.md)). Deborah agrees to go with him, but she also tells him that the credit and honor for killing Sisera will not go to him but to a woman. Interpreters have many different ideas about what this means. One possibility is that Barak was insisting on having visible, tangible assurance of God’s presence and help in the person of Deborah, who was a prophetess. Deborah graciously agreed to accompany Barak and provide this assurance, but at the same time she indicated to him that God’s power was so great that Barak should not have put this condition on his obedience. God would use a woman, who in this culture would not have been a warrior, to kill Sisera. At this time, great honor came from killing an enemy commander, and this honor would not go to Barak but to this woman and ultimately to God, who would arrange the circumstances for it. However, it is not necessary to resolve the meaning of this exchange in order to translate this passage. You can report the conversation between Deborah and Barak naturally in your translation without adding any interpretation.\n\n\n | |||
| 275 | 4:1 | aq65 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה | 1 | See how you translated the same expression in [2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” | |
| 276 | 4:2 | yji4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וַיִּמְכְּרֵ֣ם יְהוָ֗ה בְּיַד֙ | 1 | See how you translated the same expression in [2:14](../02/14.md). Alternate translation: “So Yahweh made them subjects of” | |
| 277 | 4:2 | i943 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | יָבִ֣ין & סִֽיסְרָ֔א | 1 | The words **Jabin** and **Sisera** are the names of men. | |
| 278 | 4:2 | j125 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | מֶֽלֶךְ־כְּנַ֔עַן | 1 | **Canaan** was not a single kingdom; it was an area in which there were many different cities and territories ruled by different kings. The author seems to mean implicitly that Jabin’s rule from Hazor extended over a wide part of the region of Canaan. You could state this information explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “a king who ruled over much of Canaan” | |
| 279 | 4:2 | fk1t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | בְּחָצ֑וֹר & בַּחֲרֹ֥שֶׁת הַגּוֹיִֽם | 1 | The words **Hazor** and **Harosheth Haggoyim** are the names of cities. | |
| 280 | 4:2 | j126 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate | בַּחֲרֹ֥שֶׁת הַגּוֹיִֽם | 1 | The name **Harosheth Haggoyim** means “Woodcutting of the Nations.” Since there were forests in this area, many interpreters believe that Jabin kept prisoners there from the nations he had conquered and forced them to work cutting down trees. In your translation you could spell this the way it sounds in your language, as the ULT and UST do, or you could use a word or phrase from your language that expresses the meaning of all or part of this name. Alternate translation: “in Harosheth of the Nations” or “in Timberland of the Nations” | |
| 281 | 4:3 | j127 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | כִּ֠י תְּשַׁ֨ע מֵא֤וֹת רֶֽכֶב־בַּרְזֶל֙ ל֔וֹ | 1 | The pronouns **him** and **he** seem to refer to Sisera, since these **chariots** were under his command. Alternate translation: “because Sisera had 900 iron chariots” | |
| 282 | 4:3 | ftq8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | רֶֽכֶב־בַּרְזֶל֙ | 1 | See how you translated the same expression in [1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “chariots fitted out with iron” | |
| 283 | 4:4 | e7xn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants | וּדְבוֹרָה֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה נְבִיאָ֔ה אֵ֖שֶׁת לַפִּיד֑וֹת הִ֛יא שֹׁפְטָ֥ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִֽיא | 1 | The author is using the phrase **a woman** to introduce **Deborah** as a new participant in the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you can use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “Now a certain woman named Deborah was judging Israel at that time. She was a prophetess, and her husband was named Lappidoth” | |
| 284 | 4:4 | nnu6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | וּדְבוֹרָה֙ & לַפִּיד֑וֹת | 1 | The word **Deborah** is the name of a woman, and the word **Lappidoth** is the name of a man. | |
| 285 | 4:5 | j128 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction | יוֹשֶׁ֨בֶת | 1 | In this culture, people in positions of authority such as rulers, teachers, and judges would exercise their authority from a seated position. Deborah **sitting** beneath the tree was therefore a symbolic action that indicated her role as a judge. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “was judging cases” | |
| 286 | 4:5 | uy3x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | תֹּ֜מֶר דְּבוֹרָ֗ה | 1 | The phrase **the Palm Tree of Deborah** is the name of a tree. | |
| 287 | 4:5 | j129 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go | וַיַּעֲל֥וּ | 1 | In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “and … went up” | |
| 288 | 4:5 | j130 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | לַמִּשְׁפָּֽט | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **justice**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to have her judge their cases” | |
| 289 | 4:6 | ehp5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | לְבָרָ֣ק בֶּן־אֲבִינֹ֔עַם & בְּהַ֣ר תָּב֔וֹר | 1 | The words **Barak** and **Abinoam** are the names of men, and the word **Tabor** is the name of a mountain. | |
| 290 | 4:6 | j131 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes | הֲלֹ֥א צִוָּ֣ה ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לֵ֤ךְ וּמָֽשַׁכְתָּ֙ בְּהַ֣ר תָּב֔וֹר וְלָקַחְתָּ֣ עִמְּךָ֗ עֲשֶׂ֤רֶת אֲלָפִים֙ אִ֔ישׁ מִבְּנֵ֥י נַפְתָּלִ֖י וּמִבְּנֵ֥י זְבֻלֽוּן | 1 | If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Has not Yahweh, the God of Israel, commanded you to go and draw out at Mount Tabor and to take with you 10,000 men from the sons of Naphtali and from the sons of Zebulun?” | |
| 291 | 4:6 | j132 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | הֲלֹ֥א צִוָּ֣ה ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לֵ֤ךְ וּמָֽשַׁכְתָּ֙ בְּהַ֣ר תָּב֔וֹר וְלָקַחְתָּ֣ עִמְּךָ֗ עֲשֶׂ֤רֶת אֲלָפִים֙ אִ֔ישׁ מִבְּנֵ֥י נַפְתָּלִ֖י וּמִבְּנֵ֥י זְבֻלֽוּן | 1 | Deborah is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, the God of Israel, has commanded, ‘Go and draw out at Mount Tabor, and take with you 10,000 men from the sons of Naphtali and from the sons of Zebulun.’” | |
| 292 | 4:6 | j133 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry | וּמָֽשַׁכְתָּ֙ | 1 | For elegance of expression and to emphasize the certainty of what he is saying, in this verse and the next one Yahweh uses the same verb in two different senses. Here, **draw out** means to recruit men for an army. In the next verse, it refers to how Yahweh will lure Sisera unsuspectingly into a situation where he and his army will be destroyed. Your language may have a verb that can be used in both of these senses. But if trying to use the same word in both places would be unclear, you could express the meaning. Alternate translation: “and recruit” | |
| 293 | 4:6 | j134 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | עֲשֶׂ֤רֶת אֲלָפִים֙ אִ֔ישׁ | 1 | Here **10,000** may be an approximate number or a customary way of saying “very many.” Alternate translation: “a large army of men” | |
| 294 | 4:7 | rm5r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes | וּמָשַׁכְתִּ֨י אֵלֶ֜יךָ & וּנְתַתִּ֖יהוּ בְּיָדֶֽךָ | 1 | In this verse, Deborah is continuing to tell Barak what Yahweh has commanded him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “He will draw out to you … and he will give him into your hand” | |
| 295 | 4:7 | hl3v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry | וּמָשַׁכְתִּ֨י אֵלֶ֜יךָ | 1 | As discussed in a note to [4:6](../04/06.md), in his command to Barak, Yahweh uses the same verb in two different senses. Here, **draw out** refers to how Yahweh will lure Sisera unsuspectingly into a situation where he and his army will be destroyed. Your language may have a verb that can be used in both verses. But if trying to use the same word in both places would be unclear, you could express the meaning. Alternate translation: “And I will lure to you” | |
| 296 | 4:7 | sue6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | קִישׁ֗וֹן | 1 | The word **Kishon** is the name of a river. | |
| 297 | 4:7 | j135 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וּנְתַתִּ֖יהוּ בְּיָדֶֽךָ | 1 | Here, **hand** represents the power of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I will give you the power to conquer him” | |
| 298 | 4:8 | j136 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical | אִם־תֵּלְכִ֥י עִמִּ֖י וְהָלָ֑כְתִּי וְאִם־לֹ֥א תֵלְכִ֛י עִמִּ֖י לֹ֥א אֵלֵֽךְ | 1 | Barak is describing a condition in which a second event will take place only if a first event does. Your language may have its own way of expressing such conditions. Alternate translation: “Suppose you go with me. Then I will go. But suppose you do not go with me. Then I will not go.” | |
| 299 | 4:8 | j137 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | אִם־תֵּלְכִ֥י עִמִּ֖י וְהָלָ֑כְתִּי וְאִם־לֹ֥א תֵלְכִ֛י עִמִּ֖י לֹ֥א אֵלֵֽךְ | 1 | These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Barak is using repetition for emphasis, making the statement first positively and then negatively. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine the phrases. (If you keep both phrases in your translation, it may be more natural for you to put the negative phrase before the positive phrase, as in the UST.) Alternate translation: “I will only go if you go with me” | |
| 300 | 4:8 | j138 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go | אִם־תֵּלְכִ֥י עִמִּ֖י & וְאִם־לֹ֥א תֵלְכִ֛י עִמִּ֖י | 1 | In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **go**. Alternate translation: “If you will come with me … but if you will not come with me” | |
| 301 | 4:9 | j139 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication | הָלֹ֧ךְ אֵלֵ֣ךְ עִמָּ֗ךְ | 1 | Deborah is repeating the verb **go** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “I will indeed go with you” | |
| 302 | 4:9 | j140 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | לֹ֨א תִֽהְיֶ֜ה תִּֽפְאַרְתְּךָ֗ | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **honor**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “people will not honor you” | |
| 303 | 4:9 | y6ww | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | עַל־הַדֶּ֨רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתָּ֣ה הוֹלֵ֔ךְ | 1 | Deborah could be using the term **way** to refer to: (1) Barak’s conduct in saying he will only go if Deborah comes with him. Alternate translation: “since you have said that you will only obey Yahweh on this condition” (2) the military expedition that Barak will be leading. Alternate translation: “for leading this expedition” | |
| 304 | 4:9 | v8ri | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | כִּ֣י בְֽיַד־אִשָּׁ֔ה יִמְכֹּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־סִֽיסְרָ֑א | 1 | See how you translated the similar expression in [2:14](../02/14.md). Alternate translation: “for Yahweh will give a woman the opportunity and power to kill Sisera” | |
| 305 | 4:9 | j141 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | וַתָּ֧קָם דְּבוֹרָ֛ה | 1 | Here the expression **arose** means that Deborah took action, specifically to accompany Barak. It does not mean only that she stood up from where she was sitting beneath the palm tree. Alternate translation: “Then Deborah got ready” | |
| 306 | 4:10 | j234 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | אֶת־זְבוּלֻ֤ן וְאֶת־נַפְתָּלִי֙ | 1 | The author is using the names **Zebulun** and **Naphtali** by association to mean the fighting men who belonged to those tribes. Alternate translation: “the fighting men from the tribes of Zebulun and Naphtali” | |
| 307 | 4:10 | g69f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אַלְפֵ֖י אִ֑ישׁ | 1 | See how you translated the same expression in [4:6](../04/06.md). Alternate translation: “a large army of men” | |
| 308 | 4:10 | j142 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | בְּרַגְלָ֔יו | 1 | The author is using the **feet** of Barak by association to represent these **men** walking where Barak had just walked. In other words, they were following him, and this means that he was their military commander. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “under his command” | |
| 309 | 4:11 | wq16 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | וְחֶ֤בֶר הַקֵּינִי֙ | 1 | The author is introducing background information that will help readers understand what happens next in the story. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. | |
| 310 | 4:11 | fty7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | וְחֶ֤בֶר & מִקַּ֔יִן & חֹבָ֖ב & בְּצַעֲנַנִּ֖ים | 1 | The words **Heber**, **Kain**, and **Hobab** are the names of men, and the word **Zaanannim** is the name of a place. | |
| 311 | 4:11 | aup8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | מִקַּ֔יִן | 1 | The author is speaking of people group of the Kenites (described in [1:16](../01/16.md)) as if it were an individual person, its ancestor **Kain**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the other Kenites” | |
| 312 | 4:11 | jez1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship | חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֑ה | 1 | See how you translated the same expression in [1:16](../01/16.md). Alternate translation: “the father of Moses’ wife” | |
| 313 | 4:11 | j143 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | וַיֵּ֣ט אָהֳל֔וֹ | 1 | The author is using one thing that Heber did to mean everything that he did to establish his residency in Zaanannim. (The author indicates in [4:17](../04/17.md) that Heber’s wife Jael had her own tent, so at the very least Heber set up more than one tent.) If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And he had moved to a place” | |
| 314 | 4:12 | rkt1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | וַיַּגִּ֖דוּ לְסִֽיסְרָ֑א | 1 | Here, **they** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with a different expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “And Sisera was told” | |
| 315 | 4:13 | r3xw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | רֶ֣כֶב בַּרְזֶ֔ל | 1 | See how you translated the same expression in [4:3](../04/03.md). Alternate translation: “chariots fitted out with iron” | |
| 316 | 4:14 | j144 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | ק֗וּם | 1 | Deborah is using the expression **Arise** to tell Barak to take action and lead his army against Sisera’s army. She is not telling him to get out of bed or stand up from a seated position. Alternate translation: “Get going” | |
| 317 | 4:14 | j145 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | נָתַ֨ן יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־סִֽיסְרָא֙ בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ | 1 | Here, **hand** represents the power of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given you the power to conquer Sisera” | |
| 318 | 4:14 | pb3b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture | נָתַ֨ן יְהוָ֤ה אֶת־סִֽיסְרָא֙ בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ | 1 | To emphasize the certainty of Barak winning this battle, Deborah is speaking as if Yahweh has already given Barak victory over Sisera. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use the future tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is going to give Sisera into your hand” or “Yahweh is going to give you the power to conquer Sisera” | |
| 319 | 4:14 | r1ph | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | הֲלֹ֥א יְהוָ֖ה יָצָ֣א לְפָנֶ֑יךָ | 1 | Deborah is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has already gone out ahead of you!” | |
| 320 | 4:14 | fv1q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וַעֲשֶׂ֧רֶת אֲלָפִ֛ים אִ֖ישׁ אַחֲרָֽיו | 1 | See how you translated the similar expression in [4:10](../04/10.md). Alternate translation: “with 10,000 men under his command” | |
| 321 | 4:15 | t5qj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | וַיָּ֣הָם יְ֠הוָה אֶת־סִֽיסְרָ֨א וְאֶת־כָּל־הָרֶ֧כֶב וְאֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֛ה לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב לִפְנֵ֣י בָרָ֑ק | 1 | The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh panicked Sisera and all of the chariotry and all of the army, with the result that Barak and his army were able to attack them and kill them with their weapons” | |
| 322 | 4:15 | j146 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo | וַיָּ֥נָס בְּרַגְלָֽיו | 1 | It might seem that this expression contains extra information that your language would not naturally express. If so, you can shorten it. Alternate translation: “and ran away” | |
| 323 | 4:16 | qj43 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | וּבָרָ֗ק | 1 | The author is using **Barak**, the commander of the Israelite army, to mean the entire army. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But Barak and the soldiers he commanded” | |
| 324 | 4:16 | j147 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | וַיִּפֹּ֞ל כָּל־מַחֲנֵ֤ה סִֽיסְרָא֙ לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב לֹ֥א נִשְׁאַ֖ר עַד־אֶחָֽד | 1 | The phrases **all of the army … fell** and **Not even one remained** mean the same thing. For emphasis, the author is saying it first positively and then negatively. If a speaker of your language would not use repetition like this, in your translation you can convey the emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “and every single one of Sisera’s soldiers fell by the mouth of the sword” | |
| 325 | 4:16 | j148 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וַיִּפֹּ֞ל | 1 | The author is using the word **fell** to mean “died,” by association with the way that people fall down when they die. Alternate translation: “and … died” | |
| 326 | 4:16 | x3gk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב | 1 | See how you translated the similar expression in [1:8](../01/08.md), [1:25](../01/25.md), and the previous verse. | |
| 327 | 4:17 | h17w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo | נָ֣ס בְּרַגְלָ֔יו | 1 | See how you translated the same expression in [4:15](../04/15.md). Alternate translation: “ran away” | |
| 328 | 4:17 | mp3u | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | יָעֵ֔ל | 1 | The word **Jael** is the name of a woman. | |
| 329 | 4:17 | s2ne | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וּבֵ֕ין בֵּ֖ית חֶ֥בֶר הַקֵּינִֽי | 1 | The author is using the term **house** to mean an entire household living together. Alternate translation: “and the extended family of Heber the Kenite” | |
| 330 | 4:18 | j149 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative | סוּרָ֧ה | 1 | This is an imperative, but it communicates a polite request rather than a command. In your translation, use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. Alternate translation: “Please turn aside” | |
| 331 | 4:18 | k8b1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | סוּרָ֧ה | 1 | Jael means implicitly that Sisera does not need to continue running away from the Israelites. He can **Turn aside** from the road he is on and come into her tent. Alternate translation: “Come in here” | |
| 332 | 4:18 | u5k9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | בַּשְּׂמִיכָֽה | 1 | The word translated as **blanket** occurs only here in the Old Testament, so its meaning is not entirely certain. The word could refer to: (1) something that people use to keep warm in bed. Alternate translation: “with a coverlet” (2) something that people put on the floor for warmth and decorative purposes. Alternate translation: “with a carpet” (3) an outer garment. Alternate translation: “with a cloak” | |
| 333 | 4:19 | j150 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | הַשְׁקִינִי־נָ֥א מְעַט־מַ֖יִם כִּ֣י צָמֵ֑אתִי | 1 | If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. The UST models one way to do this. | |
| 334 | 4:19 | j151 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | אֶת־נֹ֧אוד הֶחָלָ֛ב | 1 | The word translated as **skin** refers to a bag made out of animal skin that was used for holding liquids. If your readers would not be familiar with this object, in your translation you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a leather bag of milk” | |
| 335 | 4:20 | j152 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes | וּשְׁאֵלֵ֗ךְ וְאָמַ֛ר הֲיֵֽשׁ־פֹּ֥ה אִ֖ישׁ וְאָמַ֥רְתְּ אָֽיִן | 1 | If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “and asks you whether there is anyone here, then tell him that there is not” | |
| 336 | 4:20 | j153 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys | וּשְׁאֵלֵ֗ךְ וְאָמַ֛ר | 1 | This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **asks** indicates that what this person **says** will be a question. If it would be clearer in your language, you can express the same meaning with only one of these words. Alternate translation: “asks you” or “says to you” | |
| 337 | 4:21 | ctd6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | אֶת־יְתַ֨ד הָאֹ֜הֶל & אֶת־הַמַּקֶּ֣בֶת | 1 | The phrase **a peg of the tent** describes a pointed piece of wood or metal that people drive into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent. A **hammer** in this context refers to a heavy tool made of wood that people use to hit objects with force, for example, in order to drive a tent peg into the ground. If your readers would not be familiar with these objects, in your translation you could use the name of similar things that your readers would recognize, or you could use general expressions. Alternate translation: “a spike … a mallet” or “a sharp piece of wood … a heavy tool” | |
| 338 | 4:21 | j154 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | וְהֽוּא־נִרְדָּ֥ם וַיָּ֖עַף | 1 | Here the author is providing background information to help readers understand what is happening in the story. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture. It may be helpful to put this information at the beginning of the verse, as the UST does. | |
| 339 | 4:21 | j155 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | וְהֽוּא־נִרְדָּ֥ם וַיָּ֖עַף | 1 | If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “since he was so weary that he had fallen fast asleep” | |
| 340 | 4:22 | j156 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go | וַתֵּצֵ֤א יָעֵל֙ לִקְרָאת֔וֹ | 1 | In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “and Jael came out to meet him” | |
| 341 | 4:22 | j157 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | סִֽיסְרָא֙ נֹפֵ֣ל מֵ֔ת | 1 | See how you translated the similar expression in [3:25](../03/25.md). Alternate translation: “and he found Sisera dead” | |
| 342 | 4:23 | j158 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא | 1 | While the battle against Sisera did take place on a specific day, the author may be using the term **day** to refer generally to the whole time when the Israelites gathered an army to oppose the rule of Jabin and fought against his forces. Alternate translation: “at that time” | |
| 343 | 4:23 | dc2j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory | וַיַּכְנַ֤ע אֱלֹהִים֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא אֵ֖ת יָבִ֣ין מֶֽלֶךְ־כְּנָ֑עַן לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל | 1 | In this verse and the next one, the author is ending this story of Deborah and Barak with a summary of what happened. Your language may have its own way of presenting such a summary at the end of a story. | |
| 344 | 4:23 | xzh1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | וַיַּכְנַ֤ע אֱלֹהִים֙ & אֵ֖ת יָבִ֣ין מֶֽלֶךְ־כְּנָ֑עַן לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל | 1 | In one sense, this battle was a direct contest between the power of **God** and the power of **Jabin.** (The next chapter describes how God sent a hailstorm to thwart Sisera’s chariots.) In another sense, the author is speaking of **God** to represent all of the forces on the side of **Israel**, including God, and he is using **Jabin** to represent that king and his army. The UST models one way to represent this second sense. | |
| 345 | 4:24 | j159 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | וַתֵּ֜לֶךְ יַ֤ד בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הָל֣וֹךְ וְקָשָׁ֔ה | 1 | This combination of **going** and **went** is a common expression that the author is using to mean that a process continued to a certain point. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “So the hand of the sons of Israel became more and more severe” | |
| 346 | 4:24 | y25t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וַתֵּ֜לֶךְ יַ֤ד בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הָל֣וֹךְ וְקָשָׁ֔ה | 1 | Here, **hand** represents the power of a person or group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “So the Israelites became more and more powerful in their opposition to Jabin” | |
| 347 | 4:24 | j160 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication | יָבִ֣ין מֶֽלֶךְ־כְּנָ֑עַן & יָבִ֥ין מֶֽלֶךְ־כְּנָֽעַן | 1 | The author is repeating this phrase for emphasis. If it would not be natural in your language to do that, you may have another way of expressing the emphasis. The UST models one way to do this. | |
| 348 | 4:24 | zcb9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | הִכְרִ֔יתוּ אֵ֖ת יָבִ֥ין | 1 | The author is using the name **Jabin** by association to mean the army of this king, which the Israelites **destroyed**. (The book does not say specifically that the Israelites killed Jabin himself.) Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “they broke the power of Jabin” | |
| 349 | 5:intro | jgd9 | 0 | # Judges 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe author continues to tell the story of Deborah and Barak in this chapter.\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart quotations, prayers, and songs with special formatting. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of chapter 5, which is a song, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### How were the Israelites able to fight against Sisera if they had no weapons?\n\nIn [5:8](../05/08.md), this song describes how Jabin’s occupying soldiers took away the weapons that the Israelites had. So how were the Israelites able to fight a battle against Sisera’s forces? As a note to [4:2](../04/02.md) explains, the name Harosheth Haggoyim may describe a place where Jabin forced captive peoples to cut wood for him. It has been suggested that the conscripted Israelites who joined Barak’s army took their axes and hatchets with them and used them as weapons. This would be another example of irony in the book of Judges: Jabin supplied the people he had conquered with the weapons that they needed to defeat him and regain their freedom.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Hebrew poetry\n\nExcept for a brief introduction and conclusion, this chapter is poetry that consists of pairs of phrases that repeat the same meaning. The second phrase advances the idea of the first by affirming, contrasting, or supplementing it in different words. (Sometimes there is a third line with similar meaning.) Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both (or all three) phrases in your translation. It may be clearer in your language to connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the idea the first one, not saying something different. For example, in [5:2](../05/02.md) you might say, “For the loosening of long hair in Israel, yes, for the volunteering of the people.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\n### Deborah and Barak singing this song together\n\nWhile the author says in [5:1](../05/01.md) that both “Deborah and Barak” sang this song, the first-person verbs and pronouns in it are singular. It was common for the Israelites to sing in responsive parts, so it may be that Deborah and Barak each sang parts of this song individually, responding to one another. For example, it seems probable that in [5:12](../05/12.md) Barak sang “awake, Deborah” and Deborah responded “Arise, Barak.”\n\nHebrew does not mark first-person pronouns or verbs for gender, so it is not clear in many cases which of them sang which parts, although in some cases the text does give us a fair idea. For the sake of languages that do mark first-person singular pronouns or verbs for gender, here are some suggestions as to who might be singing when the song says “I” or “my.” This is, however, largely a matter of interpretation, so use your own best judgment in your translation. Since Deborah and Barak are, in a sense, speaking for each other, another alternative would be to use plural first-person pronouns. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])\n- In [5:3](../05/03.md), you could consider using masculine forms for “I … {even} I, let me sing” and feminine forms for “I will make music.” The verb translated as “make music” refers to singing with an instrumental accompaniment. Deborah was a prophetess, and the Old Testament prophets appear to have sung at least some of their prophecies to instrumental accompaniment. (See, for example, [Ezekiel 33:32](../ezk/33/32.md).) So it is perhaps more likely that Deborah sang “I will make music” and Barak sang “let me sing.”\n- Deborah is speaking of herself as “I” in [5:7](../05/07.md), so it would be appropriate to use feminine forms there.\n- It has been suggested that [5:9](../05/09.md), it would be more appropriate for Deborah to thank the leaders, who would have included Barak, and for Barak to thank those who volunteered in response to his summons. So you may wish to mark “My” as feminine.\n- Barak is probably referring to himself as “me” in [5:13](../05/13.md), since he was the one who led the Israelite army “against the warriors” of Sisera.\n- Barak seems to be speaking in [5:15](../05/05.md), “my princes in Issachar were with Deborah,” because otherwise Deborah would be speaking of herself in the third person, which she does not seem to do in this song.\n- It has been suggested that in [5:21](../05/21.md), Barak may have described the Kishon River flooding, since he saw this first-hand in the battle, and then said, “March on, my soul, in strength,” recalling how the Israelite soldiers pursued the attack against Sisera vigorously when they saw how the flooding had put them and their chariots at a disadvantage. \n\n\n | |||
| 350 | 5:1 | w7ex | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא | 1 | The author is referring to the same phrase in [4:23](../04/23.md). He may not mean that Deborah and Barak sang this song on the actual day on which the Israelites defeated the forces of King Jabin. The word **day** may refer to a more general time. Alternate translation: “at the time when the Israelites defeated the forces of King Jabin” | |
| 351 | 5:1 | j161 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations | לֵאמֹֽר | 1 | The author is using the term **saying** to introduce a direct quotation of the song that Deborah and Barak **sang**. In your translation, use a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “the following song” | |
| 352 | 5:2 | j162 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks | בִּפְרֹ֤עַ פְּרָעוֹת֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּהִתְנַדֵּ֖ב עָ֑ם | 1 | This is the beginning of the song that Deborah and Barak sang. You may wish to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with some other punctuation or convention that your language uses to indicate the start of a first-level quotation. You may also be able to use special formatting to set off the song as poetry, as the ULT does. | |
| 353 | 5:2 | j163 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | בִּפְרֹ֤עַ פְּרָעוֹת֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּהִתְנַדֵּ֖ב עָ֑ם | 1 | As the following notes explain, these two phrases mean similar things. See the General Notes to this chapter for a discussion of how to translate such similar phrases throughout this song. | |
| 354 | 5:2 | j164 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction | בִּפְרֹ֤עַ פְּרָעוֹת֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל | 1 | While scholars disagree about how to translate and understand this phrase, it seems to be describing the practice of taking a vow not to cut one’s hair until a certain objective is achieved, in this case the defeat of Sisera’s army. Growing long hair was thus a symbolic action that expressed the determination to achieve this objective. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “For the Israelites who vowed to defeat Sisera’s army” | |
| 355 | 5:2 | j165 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry | בִּפְרֹ֤עַ פְּרָעוֹת֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל | 1 | For emphasis and poetic effect, Deborah and Barak are using a construction in which a verb and its object come from the same root. That is, the word translated as **long hair** describes hair that is flowing freely or loosely, and the word translated as **loosening** describes not braiding that hair or binding it with a turban. Your language may have terms available that will allow you to use the same construction in your translation to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis and poetic effect, if you do not express the meaning in plain language. Alternate translation: “For freely flowing hair in Israel” | |
| 356 | 5:2 | s181 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | בְּהִתְנַדֵּ֖ב עָ֑ם | 1 | Deborah and Barak are referring implicitly to people **volunteering** to fight against Israel’s enemies. You could state this information explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “for the people who volunteered to fight” | |
| 357 | 5:2 | j166 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular | בָּרֲכ֖וּ | 1 | The imperative verb **bless** is plural here because Deborah and Barak are addressing an audience of many people, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. | |
| 358 | 5:3 | hs8j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe | שִׁמְע֣וּ מְלָכִ֔ים הַאֲזִ֖ינוּ רֹֽזְנִ֑ים | 1 | Deborah and Barak are speaking to two groups that they know cannot hear them. They are doing this to show in a strong way how they feel about the story they are telling in their song. They feel that it is worth the attention of the most important people in the world. They are actually speaking to all the people who can hear them or who will hear them. ([5:10–11](../05/10.md) indicates that this includes people from throughout Israelite society.) If your readers might not understand what Deborah and Barak are doing, you could translate their words as if they were speaking directly to people who were present. Alternate translation: “This story deserves to be heard by kings and rulers!” | |
| 359 | 5:3 | j167 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | אָֽנֹכִ֗י לַֽיהוָה֙ אָנֹכִ֣י אָשִׁ֔ירָה אֲזַמֵּ֕ר | 1 | If your language marks first-person singular pronouns or verbs for gender, see the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter for a suggestion of how to mark the instances of **I** here. | |
| 360 | 5:3 | j168 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-sentencetypes | אָשִׁ֔ירָה | 1 | The speaker here is not asking permission. He is using a particular type of sentence to encourage himself to do something. If your language does not use this type of sentence, in your translation you can use an equivalent form. Alternate translation: “I certainly should sing” | |
| 361 | 5:4 | f5pu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | יְהוָ֗ה בְּצֵאתְךָ֤ מִשֵּׂעִיר֙ בְּצַעְדְּךָ֙ מִשְּׂדֵ֣ה אֱד֔וֹם | 1 | The song is speaking as if Yahweh had literally traveled from or across the land of **Seir**, that is, **Edom**, in order to lead the Israelites into battle against Sisera. This could mean: (1) that the song is envisioning Mount Sinai as Yahweh’s dwelling place on earth and describing the route that Yahweh would have taken from there to the battlefield. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, when you came across Seir to fight against Sisera, when you marched across the fields of Edom” (2) that the song is referring to the time when the Israelites left Edom to start conquering the people in Canaan and speaking of Yahweh as if he had been a warrior leading the Israelite army at that time. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, it was just like the time when you first led our armies into Canaan from Seir. It was as if you marched ahead of us across the fields of Edom” | |
| 362 | 5:4 | vj7e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | מִשְּׂדֵ֣ה אֱד֔וֹם | 1 | The song is not referring to a specific **field** in **Edom**. It means the cultivated land in Edom in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “from the fields of Edom” | |
| 363 | 5:4 | hw54 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | אֶ֣רֶץ רָעָ֔שָׁה גַּם־שָׁמַ֖יִם נָטָ֑פוּ גַּם־עָבִ֖ים נָ֥טְפוּ מָֽיִם | 1 | The song seems to be referring implicitly to the great storm that rendered Sisera’s chariots useless for the battle. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the earth trembled from the thunder and there was a heavy downpour” | |
| 364 | 5:5 | p4qp | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | הָרִ֥ים נָזְל֖וּ | 1 | The song is speaking as if the **mountains** above the battlefield had literally **flowed** down onto it. This seems to be a reference to the way the downpour made the mountain streams overflow. (Ultimately they fed into the Kishon River and it flooded the battlefield, [5:21](../05/21.md).) This might also be an allusion to the way that the overflowing streams would have carried dirt, branches, rocks, etc. down from the mountains, as if the mountains themselves were coming down onto the plain. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The mountain streams overflowed” | |
| 365 | 5:5 | wuf5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | זֶ֣ה סִינַ֔י מִפְּנֵ֕י יְהוָ֖ה | 1 | The song is saying that what happened to the mountains above the battlefield was just like what happened when Yahweh appeared to the Israelites at Mount Sinai. When he did, according to [Exodus 19:16–18](../exo/01/01.md), there was also a thunderstorm and the mountain shook. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “just as Mount Sinai trembled when Yahweh appeared there in a storm” | |
| 366 | 5:6 | rw34 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism | בִּימֵ֞י שַׁמְגַּ֤ר בֶּן־עֲנָת֙ בִּימֵ֣י יָעֵ֔ל | 1 | The song is speaking of two time periods in order to mean the time in between them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “Between the time when Shamgar son of Anath defeated the Philistines and the time when Jael killed Sisera” | |
| 367 | 5:6 | ki5e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | חָדְל֖וּ אֳרָח֑וֹת | 1 | The song is speaking as if the **roads** in Israel had literally **ceased** to exist. It means that people stopped using the main roads because it had become too dangerous to travel on them. Jabin’s forces were apparently occupying Israel, and his soldiers would plunder the goods that anyone was transporting. (This means that, in a sense, the roads literally did cease to exist, since they were dirt roads and grass would have grown back over them. One translation option would be to say this and let readers realize the implications.) Alternate translation: “people stopped using the main roads” or “grass grew back over the roads” | |
| 368 | 5:6 | i6j5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וְהֹלְכֵ֣י נְתִיב֔וֹת יֵלְכ֕וּ אֳרָח֖וֹת עֲקַלְקַלּֽוֹת | 1 | The song means implicitly that because people needed to stay off the main roads for safety, they took back roads that wound through the countryside. You could indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and travelers had to take roundabout back routes” | |
| 369 | 5:7 | j170 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication | חָדְל֧וּ פְרָז֛וֹן בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל חָדֵ֑לּוּ עַ֤ד שַׁקַּ֨מְתִּי֙ דְּבוֹרָ֔ה שַׁקַּ֥מְתִּי אֵ֖ם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל | 1 | Deborah is repeating the verbs **ceased** and **arose** in order to intensify the ideas that they express. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “The peasantry completely ceased in Israel until when I, Deborah, arose triumphantly as a mother in Israel” | |
| 370 | 5:7 | j169 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | חָדְל֧וּ פְרָז֛וֹן בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל חָדֵ֑לּוּ | 1 | The song is speaking as if the rural population of Israel had literally **ceased** to exist. The meaning is that no one was living in the countryside anymore because the rural people hid in the mountains or moved into fortified cities for safety. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Everyone had to move from the countryside into the cities where it was safer” | |
| 371 | 5:7 | j171 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל & בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל | 1 | If it would be more natural in your language, you could use another term to refer to **Israel** in the second instance, rather than repeating the name. Alternate translation: “in Israel … there” | |
| 372 | 5:7 | j172 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | עַ֤ד שַׁקַּ֨מְתִּי֙ דְּבוֹרָ֔ה שַׁקַּ֥מְתִּי אֵ֖ם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל | 1 | Deborah is using the expression **arose** to mean that she took on a particular role. She is not referring to getting up from sitting beneath her palm tree to accompany Barak. The role she is describing included settling the Israelites’ disputes there. Alternate translation: “but then I, Deborah, became a mother in Israel” | |
| 373 | 5:7 | n27x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | שַׁקַּ֨מְתִּי֙ דְּבוֹרָ֔ה שַׁקַּ֥מְתִּי אֵ֖ם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל | 1 | Deborah is speaking of herself as if she had literally become the **mother** of the Israelites. She means that she became a leader who cared for the Israelites the way a mother takes care of her children. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning as a comparison. Alternate translation: “when I, Deborah, became a leader who took care of the Israelites the way a mother takes care of her children” | |
| 374 | 5:8 | mxk4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | יִבְחַר֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים חֲדָשִׁ֔ים | 1 | The pronoun **He** refers back to “Israel” in the previous verse, meaning the people of Israel. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel chose new gods” | |
| 375 | 5:8 | duj5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | אָ֖ז לָחֶ֣ם שְׁעָרִ֑ים | 1 | The song is using one part of cities, their **gates**, to mean entire cities. The gates are chosen to represent the cities because that is where enemies would attack to try to get into the city and conquer it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “then enemy armies besieged the cities” | |
| 376 | 5:8 | j173 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | מָגֵ֤ן אִם־יֵֽרָאֶה֙ וָרֹ֔מַח בְּאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל | 1 | The song is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “a shield or spear was not seen among 40,000 in Israel!” | |
| 377 | 5:8 | dl2n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | מָגֵ֤ן אִם־יֵֽרָאֶה֙ וָרֹ֔מַח בְּאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל | 1 | The song is using the number **40,000** as a customary way of saying “very many.” Alternate translation: “one could hardly find a single shield or spear among a large number of Israelites” | |
| 378 | 5:8 | v83h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | מָגֵ֤ן אִם־יֵֽרָאֶה֙ וָרֹ֔מַח | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “did anyone see a shield or a spear” | |
| 379 | 5:8 | j174 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | מָגֵ֤ן אִם־יֵֽרָאֶה֙ וָרֹ֔מַח | 1 | The song is using the fact that no shield or spear could be **seen** by association to mean that no Israelites had these weapons. (Jabin’s occupying forces has apparently confiscated all of the weapons that the Israelites had.) Alternate translation: “was there a single shield or spear” | |
| 380 | 5:8 | j175 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | מָגֵ֤ן אִם־יֵֽרָאֶה֙ וָרֹ֔מַח | 1 | The author is using two weapons, a **shield** and a **spear**, to mean weapons of all kinds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “were there any weapons” | |
| 381 | 5:9 | u5zy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | לִבִּי֙ לְחוֹקְקֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל | 1 | In this culture, people regarded the **heart** as the location of human feelings. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I am so happy about what the commanders of Israel did” | |
| 382 | 5:9 | j176 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular | בָּרֲכ֖וּ | 1 | As in [5:2](../05/02.md), the imperative verb **bless** is plural here, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. | |
| 383 | 5:10 | j177 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | רֹכְבֵי֩ אֲתֹנ֨וֹת צְחֹר֜וֹת יֹשְׁבֵ֧י עַל־מִדִּ֛ין וְהֹלְכֵ֥י עַל־דֶּ֖רֶךְ | 1 | See the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter of the apparent change of setting in [5:10–11](../05/10.md), from the original performance of the song at a victory celebration to its repeated recitation at places where travelers stopped along the road for water. | |
| 384 | 5:10 | dt2p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism | רֹכְבֵי֩ אֲתֹנ֨וֹת צְחֹר֜וֹת יֹשְׁבֵ֧י עַל־מִדִּ֛ין וְהֹלְכֵ֥י עַל־דֶּ֖רֶךְ | 1 | The song is speaking of two kinds of people, rich and poor, in order to mean all kinds of people. (Wealthier people would have animals to ride and carpet to sit on as they traveled; poorer people would walk on foot.) If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “All of you who pass by this place” | |
| 385 | 5:10 | vf24 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | מִדִּ֛ין | 1 | The word translated as **carpet** describes something that people would put on the back of a riding animal to make the rider more comfortable. If your readers would not be familiar with such an object, you could use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: “saddle blankets” | |
| 386 | 5:11 | j178 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | מִקּ֣וֹל מְחַֽצְצִ֗ים בֵּ֚ין מַשְׁאַבִּ֔ים שָׁ֤ם יְתַנּוּ֙ צִדְק֣וֹת יְהוָ֔ה צִדְקֹ֥ת פִּרְזֹנ֖וֹ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל | 1 | In some languages, the meaning here may be clearer with a passive verb than with the indefinite pronoun **they**. Alternate translation: “The righteousness of Yahweh and the righteousness of his peasantry in Israel will be celebrated at the watering places by the voice of the singers” | |
| 387 | 5:11 | j179 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | מִקּ֣וֹל מְחַֽצְצִ֗ים | 1 | The song is using the **voice** of these **singers** to represent the song they are singing with their voices. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “From the song of the singers” | |
| 388 | 5:11 | v4bj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns | מִקּ֣וֹל מְחַֽצְצִ֗ים | 1 | Since the song is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **voice**. Alternate translation: “From the voices of the singers” | |
| 389 | 5:11 | j180 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | צִדְק֣וֹת יְהוָ֔ה צִדְקֹ֥ת פִּרְזֹנ֖וֹ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל | 1 | The song is using the term **righteous** to describe the victory that **Yahweh** and his **peasantry** (the volunteer soldiers) won over Sisera. This is by association with the fact that it was wrong for Jabin to oppress the Israelites, and so by defeating him, the victors restored a situation that was right or righteous. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh and his peasantry in Israel did to restore a right situation” | |
| 390 | 5:11 | f6il | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | יָרְד֥וּ לַשְּׁעָרִ֖ים | 1 | The song is using one part of cities, their **gates**, to mean entire cities. See how you translated the same expression in [5:8](../05/08.md). Alternate translation: “returned to live in the cities that their enemies had conquered” | |
| 391 | 5:12 | de7e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | עוּרִ֤י עוּרִי֙ דְּבוֹרָ֔ה ע֥וּרִי ע֖וּרִי דַּבְּרִי־שִׁ֑יר | 1 | The song is addressing Deborah as if she were literally asleep and needed to wake up. (Baruk may be singing this part; see the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter.) This is actually a call for Deborah to apply vitality and creativity to the task of celebrating Yahweh’s victory through this song. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Come on, Deborah, sing in a lively way!” | |
| 392 | 5:12 | j181 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication | עוּרִ֤י עוּרִי֙ דְּבוֹרָ֔ה ע֥וּרִי ע֖וּרִי דַּבְּרִי־שִׁ֑יר | 1 | The song is repeating the word **Awake** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “You certainly must not be drowsy as you sing, Deborah!” | |
| 393 | 5:12 | j182 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry | דַּבְּרִי־שִׁ֑יר | 1 | This does not mean that Deborah should stop singing and only speak the words of the song. It is actually play on words in Hebrew: the word translated as **speak** has the same three root letters as Deborah’s name, D-B-R. Your language may have an expression that you could use in your translation to bring out the meaning here. Alternate translation: “make the song your own” | |
| 394 | 5:12 | j183 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | ק֥וּם | 1 | The expression **Arise** does not mean that Barak should get out of bed or stand up from a seated position. Rather, it means that Barak should take action. Deborah could be the one singing this line (see the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter), and it could be intentionally reminiscent of [4:14](../04/14.md), where she used the same expression to tell him that it was time to attack Sisera. See how you translated the expression there. | |
| 395 | 5:12 | j184 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry | וּֽשֲׁבֵ֥ה שֶׁבְיְךָ֖ | 1 | For emphasis, the song is using a construction in which a verb and its object come from the same root. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “and lead away all of your prisoners” | |
| 396 | 5:12 | j185 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | וּֽשֲׁבֵ֥ה שֶׁבְיְךָ֖ | 1 | The song is using this possessive form to speak to Barak about the group of people that he and his army have taken prisoner. It is not saying that Barak himself is in **captivity**. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “and lead away all the prisoners you have captured” | |
| 397 | 5:12 | j186 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וּֽשֲׁבֵ֥ה שֶׁבְיְךָ֖ | 1 | The song is leaving some information implicit that listeners are expected to understand. It is possible that the original occasion of this song was a victory celebration through which captured enemy soldiers were paraded in order to dramatize the victory. Barak, as the army commander, would have led this procession. You could suggest this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and parade the captured enemy soldiers in a victory procession” | |
| 398 | 5:13 | j187 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | יְרַ֣ד שָׂרִ֔יד לְאַדִּירִ֖ים עָ֑ם יְהוָ֕ה יְרַד־לִ֖י | 1 | While the expression **came down** in both instances is probably a literal reference to travel down from higher elevations to a plain, the implicit meaning is that the **remnant** and **people** were gathering on a level place as troops for battle under the command of the **nobles** and Barak. You could indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the remnant gathered to the nobles, the people of Yahweh gathered to me” | |
| 399 | 5:13 | j188 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | יְרַ֣ד שָׂרִ֔יד לְאַדִּירִ֖ים | 1 | The phrase translated as **to the nobles** could also be a possessive form and mean “of the nobles.” There would not be a significant difference in meaning. Alternate translation: “the remnant of the nobles came down” | |
| 400 | 5:13 | tle3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | לִ֖י | 1 | The pronoun **me** probably refers to Barak, since he was the one who led the Israelite army **against the warriors** of Sisera. Even if your language does not need to mark first-person pronouns for gender, it may be helpful to clarify the reference for your readers. Otherwise, they might take it to be Deborah, since she clearly spoke in the first person in [5:7](../05/05.md) and probably did in [5:9](../05/09.md) as well. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “to me, Barak” | |
| 401 | 5:14 | j189 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | מִנִּ֣י אֶפְרַ֗יִם שָׁרְשָׁם֙ בַּעֲמָלֵ֔ק אַחֲרֶ֥יךָ בִנְיָמִ֖ין בַּֽעֲמָמֶ֑יךָ & וּמִ֨זְּבוּלֻ֔ן מֹשְׁכִ֖ים בְּשֵׁ֥בֶט סֹפֵֽר | 1 | In these phrases, the song is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Some from Ephraim, whose root is in Amalek, came down; they came after you, Benjamin, with your peoples … and from Zebulun, the ones holding onto the scepter of a scribe also came down” | |
| 402 | 5:14 | e478 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | מִנִּ֣י אֶפְרַ֗יִם שָׁרְשָׁם֙ בַּעֲמָלֵ֔ק | 1 | The song is speaking as if the people of the tribe of Ephraim were literally a plant whose **root** was in the territory that formerly belonged to the Amalek people group. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “People from the tribe of Ephraim, which defeated the Amalekites and took their territory” | |
| 403 | 5:14 | k3ph | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe | אַחֲרֶ֥יךָ בִנְיָמִ֖ין בַּֽעֲמָמֶ֑יךָ | 1 | Here the song could be speaking to a group of people who are not there to hear it, the people of the tribe of **Benjamin**, in order to express strong approval of the way the soldiers from that tribe came and fought for Israel. The song would actually be speaking to the people who could hear it, initially the soldiers and others who gathered for the victory celebration at which it was first performed. However, some people from the tribe of Benjamin probably were present at the celebration, so the direct address with **you** and **your** could be literal. On the other hand, as [5:9–10](../05/09.md) shows, this song was later sung in other contexts where people from Benjamin were not necessarily present. So it may be clearer in some languages to translate this without using second-person pronouns and to express the emphasis in some other way. Alternate translation: “they followed the brave soldiers from the tribe of Benjamin” | |
| 404 | 5:14 | j190 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | מִנִּ֣י מָכִ֗יר יָֽרְדוּ֙ מְחֹ֣קְקִ֔ים | 1 | The song is using these **commanders** to men them and the troops they commanded. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the military leaders from Machir brought their soldiers” | |
| 405 | 5:14 | yna1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | מִנִּ֣י מָכִ֗יר | 1 | The word **Machir** is the name of a man, the son of Manasseh. | |
| 406 | 5:14 | j191 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | מִנִּ֣י מָכִ֗יר | 1 | The name **Machir** could mean: (1) by association, the tribe of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “from the tribe of Manasseh” (2) the descendants of Machir, who formed one part of the tribe of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “from the clan of Machir” | |
| 407 | 5:14 | rl91 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction | וּמִ֨זְּבוּלֻ֔ן מֹשְׁכִ֖ים בְּשֵׁ֥בֶט סֹפֵֽר | 1 | The military leaders of the tribe of **Zebulun** each carried a **scepter** as a symbolic action to indicate their rank and position. Each leader is called a **scribe** because one of his duties was to record the names of soldiers who enlisted and keep a total of the number of soldiers in the army. But the focus here is not on that duty but on the fact that these were military leaders, like the **commanders** mentioned in the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “and the military commanders of the tribe of Zebulun also brought their soldiers” | |
| 408 | 5:15 | ruv4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | וְשָׂרַ֤י בְּיִשָּׂשכָר֙ עִם־דְּבֹרָ֔ה\n | 1 | Here again the song is using part of an army, its **princes** or commanders, to mean all of the army. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the soldiers and officers I commanded who were from Issachar also supported Deborah” | |
| 409 | 5:15 | j192 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | וְיִשָּׂשכָר֙ כֵּ֣ן בָּרָ֔ק | 1 | This expression means that the first person or group mentioned was willing to do whatever the second person mentioned wanted to do. (See, for example, [1 Kings 22:4](../1ki/22/04.md).) If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the soldiers from Issachar were willing to do whatever Barak ordered” | |
| 410 | 5:15 | z2wa | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | בָּעֵ֖מֶק שֻׁלַּ֣ח בְּרַגְלָ֑יו | 1 | This could mean: (1) that the pronoun **he** refers to Issachar, that is, the soldiers from the tribe of Issachar, and the pronoun **his** refers to Barak. In that case, the phrase **at his feet** would mean the same thing as in [4:10](../04/10.md). Alternate translation: “those soldiers were sent into a valley under Barak’s command” (2) that both the pronoun **he** and the pronoun **his** refer to Barak. In that case, the last phrase would be translated “on his feet,” and it would be a reference to the courage of Barak and his soldiers, who fought against chariots on foot. Alternate translation: “he was sent into a valley to fight against chariots on foot” | |
| 411 | 5:15 | j193 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | בָּעֵ֖מֶק שֻׁלַּ֣ח בְּרַגְלָ֑יו | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. While it was Deborah who told Barak in [4:14](../04/14.md) to go down and attack Sisera, she did this as a prophetess speaking for Yahweh, so it would be appropriate to describe Yahweh as the one who **sent**. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sent these soldiers into a valley under Barak’s command” or “Yahweh sent Barak into a valley to fight against chariots on foot” | |
| 412 | 5:15 | j194 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | בִּפְלַגּ֣וֹת רְאוּבֵ֔ן | 1 | The word translated as **divisions** is a rare word whose meaning is not entirely clear in this context. It could mean: (1) divisions of the people of the tribe of Reuben. Alternate translation: “Among the clans of Reuben” (2) divisions of the territory of the tribe of Reuben. Alternate translation: “Throughout the districts of Reuben” | |
| 413 | 5:15 | sdi1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | גְּדֹלִ֖ים חִקְקֵי־לֵֽב | 1 | Here the **heart** represents the thoughts and intentions. The song is speaking as if the people of Reuben needed to look around inside their hearts to find out what they should do. The word translated as **resolutions** is also a rare word whose meaning is not entirely clear in this context. This could mean: (1) that the people of Reuben could not decide whether to help fight. Your language may have a comparable expression for this meaning that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “people had second thoughts about whether to fight” (2) that the people of Reuben publicly expressed a resolve to help fight Sisera but, as the next verse shows, they did not follow through. Alternate translation: “great were the promises to help” | |
| 414 | 5:16 | j195 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | לָ֣מָּה יָשַׁ֗בְתָּ בֵּ֚ין הַֽמִּשְׁפְּתַ֔יִם לִשְׁמֹ֖עַ שְׁרִק֣וֹת עֲדָרִ֑ים | 1 | The song is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not have stayed among the sheepfolds, as if it was more important to listen to the piping for the flocks!” | |
| 415 | 5:16 | j196 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe | לָ֣מָּה יָשַׁ֗בְתָּ בֵּ֚ין הַֽמִּשְׁפְּתַ֔יִם לִשְׁמֹ֖עַ שְׁרִק֣וֹת עֲדָרִ֑ים | 1 | The song is speaking to someone who is not present. It is doing this to express a strong feeling about that person to the people who are present. If a speaker of your language would not address someone who was not present, you could translate this as if the song were directly addressing those who are present. Alternate translation: “Reuben should not have stayed among the sheepfolds, as if it was more important to listen to the piping for the flocks” | |
| 416 | 5:16 | j197 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular | לָ֣מָּה יָשַׁ֗בְתָּ בֵּ֚ין הַֽמִּשְׁפְּתַ֔יִם | 1 | The word **you** is singular here because the song is addressing this tribe as if it were a single person, its ancestor Reuben. It may be more natural in some languages to use a plural form of “you,” since a group of people is actually being addressed. | |
| 417 | 5:16 | j198 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | לִשְׁמֹ֖עַ שְׁרִק֣וֹת עֲדָרִ֑ים | 1 | The song is implicitly making a comparison that it expects listeners to recognize. When Barak summoned the Israelites in [4:10](../04/10.md), it is likely that he blew a shofar (ram’s horn), as Ehud did in [3:27](../03/27.md). The song is suggesting that the men of Reuben so much enjoyed listening to shepherds play their pipes to summon their flocks that they did not pay attention to the war trumpet. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Was it because you would rather listen to shepherd’s pipes than respond to the call of the war trumpet?” | |
| 418 | 5:16 | jg14 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | לִפְלַגּ֣וֹת רְאוּבֵ֔ן גְּדוֹלִ֖ים חִקְרֵי־לֵֽב | 1 | See how you translated the similar expression in the previous verse. | |
| 419 | 5:17 | pg1n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | גִּלְעָ֗ד | 1 | The song is using the name **Gildead** by association to mean the soldiers from the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh, which settled in the region of Gilead on the east side of the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “The soldiers of Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh” | |
| 420 | 5:17 | wy1c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense | וְדָ֕ן לָ֥מָּה יָג֖וּר אֳנִיּ֑וֹת | 1 | The song is using the present tense to describe habitual action. During the battle against Sisera, the people of the tribe of Dan continued to do what they usually did. Their territory included the harbor of Joppa, and so they were devoted to the pursuits of fishing and maritime trading. But since the song is referring specifically to what the people of Dan did on a specific occasion, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “and Dan, why did he sojourn {on} ships?” | |
| 421 | 5:17 | l6vz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | וְדָ֕ן לָ֥מָּה יָג֖וּר אֳנִיּ֑וֹת | 1 | The song is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “and Dan should not have sojourned on ships!” | |
| 422 | 5:17 | q466 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense | אָשֵׁ֗ר יָשַׁב֙ לְח֣וֹף יַמִּ֔ים וְעַ֥ל מִפְרָצָ֖יו יִשְׁכּֽוֹן | 1 | Here the song is first using the past tense to describe action in the past (**abode**) and then the present tense to describe habitual action (**stays**). Like the tribe of Dan, the tribe of Asher was devoted to maritime pursuits, and its men did not leave them to join in the battle against Sisera. In your translation, you could use the past tense in both clauses, or you could indicate that the habitual action was the reason for the past action. Alternate translation: “Asher abode at the coast of the seas, yes, he stayed among his harbors” or “Asher abode at the coast of the seas, for he stays among his harbors” | |
| 423 | 5:18 | j199 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns | זְבֻל֗וּן עַ֣ם חֵרֵ֥ף נַפְשׁ֛וֹ לָמ֖וּת | 1 | Since the song is referring to a group of people, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **soul**. Alternate translation: “The people of Zebulun were reproaching their souls unto death” | |
| 424 | 5:18 | j200 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | זְבֻל֗וּן עַ֣ם חֵרֵ֥ף נַפְשׁ֛וֹ לָמ֖וּת | 1 | The song is speaking as if the people of the tribe of Zebulun had literally been **reproaching** their souls during the battle, that is, as if they had been taunting or shaming them for wanting to stay alive. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The people of Zebulun told themselves not to be afraid to die” | |
| 425 | 5:18 | j201 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | וְנַפְתָּלִ֑י עַ֖ל מְרוֹמֵ֥י שָׂדֶֽה | 1 | The song is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and the people of Naphtali were also not afraid to die on the heights on the battlefield” | |
| 426 | 5:19 | j202 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | בָּ֤אוּ מְלָכִים֙ נִלְחָ֔מוּ אָ֤ז נִלְחֲמוּ֙ מַלְכֵ֣י כְנַ֔עַן | 1 | Chapter 4 describes only Jabin oppressing the Israelites and only his army attacking Barak and his forces. However, it also describes Jabin as the “king of Canaan” ([4:2](../04/02.md)), suggesting that other Canaanite kings were his subjects or allies. The song may be referring to such kings implicitly here. Alternate translation: “Then the armies of Jabin and his Canaanite allies came and fought” | |
| 427 | 5:19 | klr4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | בָּ֤אוּ מְלָכִים֙ & מַלְכֵ֣י כְנַ֔עַן | 1 | The song is using these **Kings** to mean them and their armies. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Kings came with their armies … the armies of the kings of Canaan” | |
| 428 | 5:19 | qh9s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | נִלְחָ֔מוּ & נִלְחֲמוּ֙ מַלְכֵ֣י כְנַ֔עַן | 1 | The song is leaving some information implicit that it assumes readers will understand. The meaning is not that these kings **fought** with each other, but that they fought against the Israelites. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “they fought against us Israelites … the kings of Canaan fought against us” | |
| 429 | 5:19 | bwx4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | בְּתַעְנַ֖ךְ & מְגִדּ֑וֹ | 1 | See how you translated the names of the cities of **Taanach** and **Megiddo** in [1:27](../01/27.md). | |
| 430 | 5:19 | j203 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-metonymy | מֵ֣י מְגִדּ֑וֹ | 1 | Here the song is referring to the Kishon River as **the waters of Megiddo** by association with the fact that the river flows past the city of Megiddo, or with the fact that the river flows through the plain of Megiddo, also known as the valley of Jezreel, where the battle against Sisera was fought. You could use the name Kishon River here if that would help your readers to recognize that the song is describing the same **waters** as in [5:21](../05/21.md). Alternate translation: “the Kishon River” | |
| 431 | 5:19 | jn5l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | בֶּ֥צַע כֶּ֖סֶף לֹ֥א לָקָֽחוּ | 1 | The song is using **silver**, one thing that armies might take as **plunder**, to mean plunder of all kinds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But they did not take any plunder” | |
| 432 | 5:19 | j204 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | בֶּ֥צַע כֶּ֖סֶף לֹ֥א לָקָֽחוּ | 1 | The song is using taking plunder to mean winning the battle, by association with the way that victorious armies take plunder. Alternate translation: “But they did not win the battle” | |
| 433 | 5:20 | uwf8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | מִן־שָׁמַ֖יִם נִלְחָ֑מוּ הַכּֽוֹכָבִים֙ מִמְּסִלּוֹתָ֔ם נִלְחֲמ֖וּ עִם־סִיסְרָֽא | 1 | The song is speaking of the **stars** as if they were living things that could have **fought against Sisera**. It is using the stars to represent the forces of nature, particularly those in the sky, and celebrating the way Yahweh used those forces to defeat Sisera. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh used the forces of nature to defeat Sisera; he sent a great storm from the sky” | |
| 434 | 5:21 | yn1b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | גְּרָפָ֔ם | 1 | The pronoun **them** refers to the soldiers in Sisera’s army. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “swept away Sisera’s soldiers” | |
| 435 | 5:21 | j205 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | נַ֥חַל קְדוּמִ֖ים | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **antiquity**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “that ancient river” | |
| 436 | 5:21 | j206 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | נַ֥חַל קְדוּמִ֖ים | 1 | The implicit idea behind this phrase may be that the Kishon is a natural river, part of the original creation, rather than a manmade canal or irrigation channel. Therefore, like the storm, it was a natural force that Yahweh used to defeat Sisera. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “a river that God created” | |
| 437 | 5:21 | je12 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | תִּדְרְכִ֥י נַפְשִׁ֖י עֹֽז | 1 | The singer, who is probably Barak at this point (see the General Notes to this chapter), is using one part of himself, his **soul**, to mean all of himself. He is putting himself back in the time of the battle and encouraging himself to fight vigorously since Yahweh is already defeating Sisera with natural forces. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly, and you could express it from the time perspective of the victory celebration, that is, as a past event, as in the first sentence of the verse. Alternate translation: “When I saw this, it encouraged me to fight vigorously” | |
| 438 | 5:22 | wx9v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | אָ֥ז הָלְמ֖וּ עִקְּבֵי־ס֑וּס מִֽדַּהֲר֖וֹת דַּהֲר֥וֹת אַבִּירָֽיו | 1 | The pronoun **his** refers to Sisera. This is a description of the sound of Sisera’s horses fleeing from the battle. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Then there was the sound of horses’ hooves beating, as Sisera’s mighty steeds galloped away from the battlefield” | |
| 439 | 5:22 | j207 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns | הָלְמ֖וּ עִקְּבֵי־ס֑וּס | 1 | Since the song is referring to all of Sisera’s horses, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **horse**. Alternate translation: “the hooves of horses beat” | |
| 440 | 5:22 | n754 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication | מִֽדַּהֲר֖וֹת דַּהֲר֥וֹת אַבִּירָֽיו | 1 | The author is repeating the verb **galloping** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses and perhaps to imitate the repetitive sound of horses’ hooves beating against the ground. If your language can repeat words for intensification and poetic effect, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “as Sisera’s mighty steeds galloped wildly away” | |
| 441 | 5:22 | j208 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | אַבִּירָֽיו | 1 | The song is using the adjective **mighty** as a noun to mean a certain kind of horse. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this adjective with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “his mighty steeds” | |
| 442 | 5:23 | j209 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes | א֣וֹרוּ מֵר֗וֹז אָמַר֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה אֹ֥רוּ אָר֖וֹר יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ כִּ֤י לֹֽא־בָ֨אוּ֙ לְעֶזְרַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה לְעֶזְרַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה בַּגִּבּוֹרִֽים | 1 | If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “The angel of Yahweh said that we must certainly curse the people who lived in Meroz, because they did not come to the aid of Yahweh against the warriors” | |
| 443 | 5:23 | cdl6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | מֵר֗וֹז | 1 | The word **Meroz** is the name of a city. It was probably along the route that Sisera’s army took when fleeing from the battlefield, and the people of the city could have blocked their way so that the Israelites could have kept many more of the enemy soldiers from escaping. | |
| 444 | 5:23 | j211 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | אֹ֥רוּ אָר֖וֹר יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ כִּ֤י לֹֽא־בָ֨אוּ֙ לְעֶזְרַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה לְעֶזְרַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה בַּגִּבּוֹרִֽים | 1 | If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Because they did not come to the aid of Yahweh, to the aid of Yahweh against the warriors, cursing, you shall curse the dwellers of it” | |
| 445 | 5:23 | j210 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication | אֹ֥רוּ אָר֖וֹר | 1 | The song is repeating the verb **curse** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “You must certainly curse” | |
| 446 | 5:23 | j212 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | לְעֶזְרַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה לְעֶזְרַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה בַּגִּבּוֹרִֽים | 1 | These two phrases are saying the same thing. The second phrase emphasizes the meaning of the first by being more specific. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and you could show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation. However, if it would be clearer in your language, you could combine the phrases and express the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “they did not help Yahweh at all against the warriors” | |
| 447 | 5:24 | j213 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | תְּבֹרַךְ֙ מִנָּשִׁ֔ים יָעֵ֕ל אֵ֖שֶׁת חֶ֣בֶר הַקֵּינִ֑י מִנָּשִׁ֥ים בָּאֹ֖הֶל תְּבֹרָֽךְ | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh bless Jael, the wife of Heber the Kenite, who lives in a tent, more than any other woman” | |
| 448 | 5:24 | j214 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | תְּבֹרַךְ֙ מִנָּשִׁ֔ים & מִנָּשִׁ֥ים בָּאֹ֖הֶל תְּבֹרָֽךְ | 1 | This is a common expression that means that Jael is the most **blessed** woman, that is, she is more blessed than any other woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is more blessed than any other woman, yes, she is the most blessed of all the women who live in a tent” | |
| 449 | 5:24 | j215 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | תְּבֹרַךְ֙ מִנָּשִׁ֔ים & מִנָּשִׁ֥ים בָּאֹ֖הֶל תְּבֹרָֽךְ | 1 | These two phrases are saying the same thing. The second phrase emphasizes the meaning of the first by being more specific. (It is not qualifying the first phrase by specifying that this statement about Jael actually applies only to women who live in tents.) You could include both phrases in your translation. However, if it would be clearer in your language, you could combine the phrases and express the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “who lives in a tent, is the most blessed of all women” | |
| 450 | 5:25 | j216 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | מַ֥יִם שָׁאַ֖ל חָלָ֣ב נָתָ֑נָה | 1 | The pronoun **he** refers to Sisera, and the pronoun **she** refers to Jael. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Sisera requested water, Jael gave him milk” | |
| 451 | 5:25 | j217 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction | בְּסֵ֥פֶל אַדִּירִ֖ים הִקְרִ֥יבָה חֶמְאָֽה | 1 | Bringing more than Sisera asked for and bringing it in an elegant bowl was a symbolic action that suggested that Jael respected Sisera and wanted to honor him. This would have made Sisera less cautious and encouraged him to think that he could safely go to sleep. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “to suggest that she respected and honored him, she brought curdled milk in an elegant bowl” | |
| 452 | 5:25 | viu5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | בְּסֵ֥פֶל אַדִּירִ֖ים | 1 | The song is using this possessive form to describe the kind of elegant **bowl** that wealthy **nobles** would have. This does not mean a bowl that contained nobles or a bowl that actually belonged to nobles. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “in a bowl fit for nobles” or “in an elegant bowl” | |
| 453 | 5:26 | k8d2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | תִּשְׁלַ֔חְנָה | 1 | The pronoun **they** refers to Jael’s hands. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Her hands reached out” | |
| 454 | 5:26 | j232 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | תִּשְׁלַ֔חְנָה | 1 | The song is speaking of Jael’s hands as if they were living things that could have **reached out** by themselves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “She reached out with her hands” | |
| 455 | 5:26 | j235 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | יָדָהּ֙ | 1 | The context indicates that the word **hand** here means Jael’s left hand. Alternate translation: “her left hand” | |
| 456 | 5:26 | j218 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | מָחֲקָ֣ה רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וּמָחֲצָ֥ה וְחָלְפָ֖ה רַקָּתֽוֹ | 1 | These two phrases are saying the same thing. The second phrase emphasizes the meaning of the first by being more specific. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine the phrases and express the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “she drove the peg right through his temple and smashed his head” | |
| 457 | 5:27 | j219 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בֵּ֣ין רַגְלֶ֔יהָ כָּרַ֥ע | 1 | Since Sisera was lying down asleep when Jael pounded the tent peg through his head, it does not seem that he literally **bowed** down to her from a standing position. Rather, the song seems to be saying that when Jael stood astride his dead body, it was as if Sisera had prostrated himself before her, the way people in this culture did to show great honor to someone. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “It was as if Sisera had been prostrating himself before Jael” | |
| 458 | 5:27 | j220 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | נָפַ֖ל שָׁכָ֑ב | 1 | Since Sisera was lying down, it also does not seem that he **fell** or **lay down** from a standing position. The song seems to be using the word **fell** to mean “died,” as in [4:16](../04/16.md), and the expression **lay down** to mean “died” as well. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he died, he surely died” | |
| 459 | 5:27 | j221 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | בֵּ֤ין רַגְלֶ֨יהָ֙ כָּרַ֣ע נָפָ֔ל בַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּרַ֔ע שָׁ֖ם נָפַ֥ל שָׁדֽוּד | 1 | For emphasis, these two clauses repeat the idea of the first clause and last clause adds some specific information. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these clauses and express the emphasis in another way. The UST models one way to do this. | |
| 460 | 5:27 | ezv3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | שָׁדֽוּד | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “She had destroyed him” | |
| 461 | 5:28 | j222 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes | מַדּ֗וּעַ בֹּשֵׁ֤שׁ רִכְבּוֹ֙ לָב֔וֹא מַדּ֣וּעַ אֶֽחֱר֔וּ פַּעֲמֵ֖י מַרְכְּבוֹתָֽיו | 1 | If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “She asked why his chariot had delayed to come and why the hoofbeats of his chariots were tarrying” | |
| 462 | 5:28 | k2dy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | מַדּ֗וּעַ בֹּשֵׁ֤שׁ רִכְבּוֹ֙ לָב֔וֹא מַדּ֣וּעַ אֶֽחֱר֔וּ פַּעֲמֵ֖י מַרְכְּבוֹתָֽיו | 1 | Sisera’s mother is using his **chariot** and these **hoofbeats** by association to mean Sisera himself. Alternate translation: “Why has he delayed to come back in his chariot? Why do I not hear the sound of the hoofbeats of his chariot horses indicating his arrival?” | |
| 463 | 5:28 | mw4d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | מַדּ֗וּעַ בֹּשֵׁ֤שׁ רִכְבּוֹ֙ לָב֔וֹא מַדּ֣וּעַ אֶֽחֱר֔וּ פַּעֲמֵ֖י מַרְכְּבוֹתָֽיו | 1 | These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “Why is it taking so long for him to come back with his chariots?” | |
| 464 | 5:28 | j223 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | מַדּ֣וּעַ אֶֽחֱר֔וּ פַּעֲמֵ֖י מַרְכְּבוֹתָֽיו | 1 | Sisera’s mother is using the phrase **the hoofbeats of his chariots** by association to mean the sound of the hoofbeats of the horses that pull Sisera’s chariots. Alternate translation: “Why do I not yet hear the sound of the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots?” | |
| 465 | 5:29 | xa2n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | חַכְמ֥וֹת שָׂרוֹתֶ֖יהָ | 1 | The song is using the adjective **wise** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “Her wisest princesses” | |
| 466 | 5:29 | mw32 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | אַף־הִ֕יא תָּשִׁ֥יב אֲמָרֶ֖יהָ לָֽהּ | 1 | This is a common expression that means that Sisera’s mother answered her own question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “she also answered her own question” | |
| 467 | 5:30 | j224 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes | הֲלֹ֨א יִמְצְא֜וּ יְחַלְּק֣וּ שָׁלָ֗ל רַ֤חַם רַחֲמָתַ֨יִם֙ לְרֹ֣אשׁ גֶּ֔בֶר שְׁלַ֤ל צְבָעִים֙ לְסִ֣יסְרָ֔א שְׁלַ֥ל צְבָעִ֖ים רִקְמָ֑ה צֶ֥בַע רִקְמָתַ֖יִם לְצַוְּארֵ֥י שָׁלָֽל | 1 | If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to make this more than one sentence. Alternate translation: “She told herself that Sisera and his soldiers must be searching the battlefield for plunder and dividing it up. Each soldier, she thought, must be claiming a woman or two as concubines. She also thought that the soldiers must each be finding one or two dyed, embroidered robes that they could wear” | |
| 468 | 5:30 | l98i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | הֲלֹ֨א יִמְצְא֜וּ יְחַלְּק֣וּ שָׁלָ֗ל | 1 | Sisera’s mother is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Certainly they are finding and dividing spoil” | |
| 469 | 5:30 | j225 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | לְרֹ֣אשׁ גֶּ֔בֶר | 1 | This expression uses one part of a **warrior**, his **head**, to mean the warrior himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for each warrior” | |
| 470 | 5:30 | j226 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | לְסִ֣יסְרָ֔א | 1 | Sisera’s mother is probably using the name **Sisera** by association to mean the soldiers in his army. She is probably not saying that only one or two expensive robes will be found among all the plunder and that Sisera personally will get those. Alternate translation: “for Sisera’s soldiers” | |
| 471 | 5:30 | p9nz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys | צְבָעִ֖ים רִקְמָ֑ה | 1 | This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words implicitly connected with **and**. The word **embroidery** indicates how these **dyed fabrics** have been made even more luxurious. Alternate translation: “embroidered dyed fabrics” | |
| 472 | 5:30 | j227 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | לְצַוְּארֵ֥י שָׁלָֽל | 1 | Sisera’s mother is using the term **spoil** by association to mean the soldiers who are collecting this plunder after the battle. Alternate translation: “for the necks of the soldiers collecting this plunder” | |
| 473 | 5:30 | j228 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | לְצַוְּארֵ֥י שָׁלָֽל | 1 | Sisera’s mother is using one part of these soldiers, their **necks**, to mean the soldiers themselves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for the soldiers to wear who are collecting this plunder” | |
| 474 | 5:31 | j229 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person | וְאֹ֣הֲבָ֔יו | 1 | The song is speaking about Yahweh in the third person after addressing him in the second person. It may be more natural in your language to translate this phrase in the second person as well. Alternate translation: “But may those who love you be” | |
| 475 | 5:31 | bi4x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | כְּצֵ֥את הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ בִּגְבֻרָת֑וֹ | 1 | The **strength** of the sun could be its brightness or its heat. So the point of this comparison may be that just as the sun, once it rises, is too bright to look at or so hot that people must get out of its rays into the shade, so no one will be able to resist those who love Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “irresistibly strong, like the unbearable brightness of the risen sun” or “irresistibly strong, like the unbearable heat of the risen sun” | |
| 476 | 5:31 | j230 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks | כְּצֵ֥את הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ בִּגְבֻרָת֑וֹ | 1 | This is the end of the song that Deborah and Barak sang. (In the next sentence, the author resumes the story.) If you began the song with an opening first-level quotation mark or similar opening convention, indicate its ending here with a closing first-level quotation mark or similar closing convention. If you have been using special formatting to set off the song as poetry, resume regular formatting with the next sentence. | |
| 477 | 5:31 | q1yt | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | וַתִּשְׁקֹ֥ט הָאָ֖רֶץ אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה | 1 | See how you translated the same expression in [3:11](../03/11.md). Alternate translation: “After this, there were no more wars for 40 years” | |
| 478 | 6:intro | p5sj | 0 | # Judges 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a section about Gideon. (Chapters 6–8)\n\n### Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Israel’s punishment\nIn Judges, Israel’s actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]]) | |||
| 479 | 6:1 | ht3z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | what was evil in the sight of Yahweh | 0 | The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” | |
| 480 | 6:1 | l9nl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the hand of Midian | 0 | Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Also, “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the control of the people of Midian” or “the control of the Midianites” | |
| 481 | 6:2 | bs4z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | The power of Midian oppressed Israel | 0 | Here “the power of Midian” refers to the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “The people of Midian were more powerful than the people of Israel and they oppressed them” | |
| 482 | 6:2 | pl5z | dens | 0 | places in the rocky cliffs that would provide shelter | ||
| 483 | 6:4 | zcp1 | They would set up their army | 0 | Alternate translation: “The army would encamp” or “The army would set up their tents” | ||
| 484 | 6:5 | i2ld | Whenever they and their livestock and tents came up | 0 | The land of Midian was south of the land of Israel, near the Red Sea. It was common to use the phrase “came up” when speaking of traveling from Midian to Israel. Alternate translation: “Whenever the Midianites brought their livestock and tents to the land of Israel” | ||
| 485 | 6:5 | e5sl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | they would come as a swarm of locusts | 0 | The Midianites are compared to a swarm of locusts because they came in with a great number of people and their livestock ate everything that grew. | |
| 486 | 6:5 | ra2i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole | it was impossible to count | 0 | This is an exaggeration, a hyperbole, showing the number is very great. | |
| 487 | 6:6 | eg3l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | Midian weakened | 0 | Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. | |
| 488 | 6:7 | z7sa | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | called out to Yahweh | 0 | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh for help” | |
| 489 | 6:7 | r2ej | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | because of Midian | 0 | Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “because of the Midianites” | |
| 490 | 6:8 | q22q | I brought you up from Egypt | 0 | Alternate translation: “I led you out of Egypt” | ||
| 491 | 6:8 | h336 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the house of slavery | 0 | Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves” | |
| 492 | 6:9 | ue1t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | from the hand | 0 | In this phrase “hand” represents power or control. | |
| 493 | 6:10 | ne4s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | obeyed my voice | 0 | Here “my voice” represents what Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “obeyed my command” or “obeyed me” | |
| 494 | 6:11 | sex8 | Now | 0 | This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. | ||
| 495 | 6:11 | r6sg | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Ophrah | 0 | This is the name of a town. | |
| 496 | 6:11 | iz4d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Abiezrite | 0 | This is a people group named after their ancestor Abiezer. | |
| 497 | 6:11 | y3ww | was separating out the wheat by beating it on the floor | 0 | This is a process called “threshing.” Gideon was beating the wheat against the floor to separate the wheat grain from the rest of the wheat plant. | ||
| 498 | 6:12 | fe5w | appeared to him | 0 | Alternate translation: “went to him” | ||
| 499 | 6:13 | as35 | my master | 0 | Gideon uses the word “master” as a polite way to greet a stranger. He does not realize he is speaking to Yahweh in the form of an angel or a man. | ||
| 500 | 6:13 | in9x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Where are all his wonderful deeds that our fathers told us about, when they said, ‘Did not Yahweh bring us up from Egypt?’ | 0 | Gideon uses a question to challenge the stranger’s statement that Yahweh was with him. Also, the direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “We have not seen any wonderful deeds like the ones our fathers told us about when Yahweh brought them up from Egypt.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 501 | 6:13 | e2k9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | gave us into the hand of Midian | 0 | The phrase “gave us into” means Yahweh allowed the Israelites to be defeated. Alternate translation: “allowed the Midianites to defeat us” | |
| 502 | 6:13 | vi7e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | gave us into the hand | 0 | Here “hand” represents power or control. | |
| 503 | 6:13 | buc4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | of Midian | 0 | Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” | |
| 504 | 6:14 | n2w1 | Yahweh looked at him | 0 | Alternate translation: “Yahweh looked at Gideon” | ||
| 505 | 6:14 | kx2t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | from the hand | 0 | Here “hand” represents power or control. | |
| 506 | 6:14 | wuu9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | of Midian | 0 | Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” | |
| 507 | 6:14 | zs9h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Have I not sent you? | 0 | Yahweh uses a question to ensure Gideon that he is sending him. Here “sent” means Yahweh has appointed Gideon with a specific task. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am sending you!” | |
| 508 | 6:15 | w5e8 | Please, Lord | 0 | Gideon now calls the person “Lord” instead of “my master” as in [Judges 6:13](../06/13.md). Here it seems Gideon either knows or suspects that he is speaking with Yahweh. | ||
| 509 | 6:15 | wn75 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | how can I deliver Israel? | 0 | Gideon uses a question to emphasize that he does not think he can rescue the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I cannot possibly rescue the Israelites!” | |
| 510 | 6:15 | gpv8 | See, my family | 0 | Alternate translation: “Look at my family and me and you will see that it” | ||
| 511 | 6:15 | gp6c | in Manasseh | 0 | Alternate translation: “in the tribe of Manasseh” | ||
| 512 | 6:16 | p1xa | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | I will be with you | 0 | Here “be with you” is an idiom that means Yahweh will help and bless Gideon. | |
| 513 | 6:16 | fhe8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | as one man | 0 | You can state the full meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “as easily as if you were fighting only one man” | |
| 514 | 6:18 | ngy5 | set it before you | 0 | Alternate translation: “place it in front of you” | ||
| 515 | 6:19 | kmz6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume | from an ephah of flour | 0 | If it is necessary to use a modern measurement; here is one way of doing it. Alternate translation: “with 22 liters of flour” | |
| 516 | 6:19 | c4pf | broth | 0 | water that has had food, such as meat, cooked in it | ||
| 517 | 6:19 | r55k | them to him | 0 | Alternate translation: “them to the angel of God” | ||
| 518 | 6:20 | u9cs | angel of God | 0 | This is the same as the angel of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “God, who was in the form of an angel” or “God” | ||
| 519 | 6:21 | ggc2 | angel of Yahweh | 0 | In 6:11–24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md). | ||
| 520 | 6:21 | x8t9 | went away | 0 | Alternate translation: “disappeared” | ||
| 521 | 6:22 | x6iw | angel of Yahweh | 0 | In 6:11–24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md). | ||
| 522 | 6:22 | l2pp | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations | Ah, Lord Yahweh! | 0 | The word “Ah” here shows that Gideon was very frightened. | |
| 523 | 6:22 | c1kt | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | seen the angel of Yahweh face to face | 0 | This phrase refers to two people being close to each other. Alternate translation: “really seen the angel of Yahweh” | |
| 524 | 6:23 | b3ha | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | Yahweh said to him | 0 | Apparently Yahweh spoke to Gideon from heaven. | |
| 525 | 6:24 | s81y | To this day | 0 | This means to the time when the book of Judges was written. | ||
| 526 | 6:24 | y4ya | Ophrah | 0 | Translate the name of this town as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md). | ||
| 527 | 6:24 | w4kn | the clan of Abiezer | 0 | Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md). | ||
| 528 | 6:25 | n1rh | that is beside it | 0 | Alternate translation: “that is beside the altar of Baal” | ||
| 529 | 6:26 | tj4p | on the top of this place of refuge | 0 | The city of Ophrah was on top of a hill. Israelites fled there for refuge from the Midianites. | ||
| 530 | 6:26 | gvr9 | construct it the correct way | 0 | Alternate translation: “place the stones in an orderly manner” or “and build it properly” | ||
| 531 | 6:27 | xp8k | did as Yahweh had told him | 0 | This refers to Yahweh’s command in [Judges 6:25–26](./25.md). | ||
| 532 | 6:28 | mii1 | got up | 0 | Alternate translation: “got up out of bed” or “woke up” | ||
| 533 | 6:28 | i5zb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | the altar of Baal was broken down, and the Asherah that was beside it was cut down, and the second bull had been offered on the altar that had been built | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they noticed that someone had broken down the altar of Baal, cut down the Asherah that was beside it, and built an altar and sacrificed the second bull on it” | |
| 534 | 6:30 | r7h5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | he may be put to death | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we may kill him as punishment” | |
| 535 | 6:31 | jw4v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Will you plead the case for Baal? | 0 | Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to defend a god. Alternate translation: “You should not have to defend Baal.” | |
| 536 | 6:31 | xk3a | plead the case | 0 | Alternate translation: “make a defense” or “give an excuse” | ||
| 537 | 6:31 | n471 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Will you save him? | 0 | Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to rescue a god. Alternate translation: “You should not have to save Baal.” | |
| 538 | 6:32 | j4wk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Jerub Baal | 0 | This is another name for Gideon. It means “let Baal defend himself.” | |
| 539 | 6:32 | q44c | because he said | 0 | Alternate translation: “because Joash said” | ||
| 540 | 6:33 | ual5 | Now | 0 | This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. | ||
| 541 | 6:33 | eu5d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | gathered together | 0 | The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “gathered together as an army” | |
| 542 | 6:34 | d9eb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | came over Gideon | 0 | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “took control of Gideon” | |
| 543 | 6:34 | sz1y | clan of Abiezer | 0 | Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md). | ||
| 544 | 6:35 | sy9t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | and they too, were called out to follow him | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “calling them out to follow him” | |
| 545 | 6:35 | qb25 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | to Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali | 0 | These all represent the people of each tribe. Alternate translation: “to the tribes of Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali” | |
| 546 | 6:37 | uf1b | woolen fleece | 0 | the woolly coat of a sheep | ||
| 547 | 6:37 | qz5z | dew | 0 | water that forms on plants during the night | ||
| 548 | 6:37 | s8ri | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | then I will know that you will | 0 | The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “this will be a sign from you, and then I will know that you will” | |
| 549 | 6:38 | cs87 | Gideon rose | 0 | Alternate translation: “Gideon got out of bed” | ||
| 550 | 6:38 | ub6l | wrung | 0 | twist and squeeze something to remove water | ||
| 551 | 7:intro | q545 | 0 | # Judges 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Gideon continues in this chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God gets all of the credit\n\nGod said, “There are too many soldiers for me to give you victory over the Midianites. Make sure that Israel will not boast against me, saying, ‘Our own power has saved us.’” By lowering the number of fighting soldiers, it emphasizes that the victory is achieved through God’s power. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]]) | |||
| 552 | 7:1 | u963 | Jerub Baal | 0 | This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md). | ||
| 553 | 7:1 | se4n | they encamped | 0 | Alternate translation: “they set up their camp” | ||
| 554 | 7:1 | q9lu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | spring of Harod … hill of Moreh | 0 | These are the names of places. | |
| 555 | 7:1 | w8xb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | The camp of Midian was to their north | 0 | Here “Midian” represents the Midianite army. Alternate translation: “The Midianite army set up their camp to the north of the Israelite army” | |
| 556 | 7:2 | ja78 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | for me to give you victory over the Midianites | 0 | The word “victory” is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “for me to allow you to defeat the Midianites” or “for me to cause you to be victorious over the Midianites” | |
| 557 | 7:2 | ww36 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | Our own power has saved us | 0 | Here “power” represents the people themselves. Alternate translation: “We have saved ourselves without God’s help” | |
| 558 | 7:3 | i31q | Now | 0 | This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. | ||
| 559 | 7:3 | ahw6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | proclaim in the ears of the people | 0 | Here “the ears” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “proclaim to the people” | |
| 560 | 7:3 | gt6x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | Whoever is afraid, whoever trembles | 0 | Both of these phrases have the same meaning. | |
| 561 | 7:3 | h7mv | trembles | 0 | This word describes fear that causes a person to uncontrollably shake. Alternate translation: “shakes with fear” | ||
| 562 | 7:3 | m53a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | let him return | 0 | You can make explicit where he will go. Alternate translation: “let him return to his home” | |
| 563 | 7:3 | iup9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Mount Gilead | 0 | This is the name of a mountain in the region of Gilead. | |
| 564 | 7:3 | s1sd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | twenty-two thousand | 0 | “22,000” | |
| 565 | 7:3 | wn6f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | ten thousand remained | 0 | The word “people” or “men” is understood. Alternate translation: “10,000 people remained” or “10,000 men remained” | |
| 566 | 7:3 | z1zr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | ten thousand | 0 | “10,000” | |
| 567 | 7:4 | t9yd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | I will make their number smaller for you there | 0 | Here “number” represents the army. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “there, I will show you who to send home so the army will have less men” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 568 | 7:5 | iem1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go | Gideon brought | 0 | The word “brought” can be translated as “took” or “led.” | |
| 569 | 7:5 | w69s | laps | 0 | to drink by licking with the tongue | ||
| 570 | 7:6 | ae7k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | Three hundred men | 0 | “300 men” | |
| 571 | 7:7 | e8uv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | three hundred men | 0 | “300 men” | |
| 572 | 7:7 | gk97 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you | I will rescue you and give you victory | 0 | Here “you” is plural and refers to Gideon and the Israelites. | |
| 573 | 7:8 | j7gy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | So those who were chosen | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So those whom Yahweh chose” | |
| 574 | 7:8 | u2nh | took their supplies and their trumpets | 0 | Here “their” refers to the Israelite soldiers who were leaving the army. | ||
| 575 | 7:8 | cx8b | Now | 0 | This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. | ||
| 576 | 7:9 | u84q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | Attack the camp, for I am going to give you victory over it | 0 | Here “camp” refers to the whole Midianite army. The word “victory” is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to help you defeat them” or “Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to cause you to be victorious over them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 577 | 7:10 | xqh7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | afraid to go down | 0 | You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “afraid to go down to attack” | |
| 578 | 7:10 | u4w3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Purah | 0 | This is the name of a man. | |
| 579 | 7:11 | j99j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | your courage will be strengthened | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what you hear will be encourage you” | |
| 580 | 7:12 | r5ww | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | as thick as a cloud of locusts | 0 | Here “cloud” means a swarm. The author speaks of the army as if it were a swarm of locusts to emphasize how many soldiers there were. | |
| 581 | 7:12 | zt6s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole | Their camels were more … in number than the grains of the sand on the seashore | 0 | The author uses a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that there were very many camels. | |
| 582 | 7:12 | d37k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | Their camels were more than could be counted | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Their camels were more than anyone could count” | |
| 583 | 7:14 | yg52 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | This is nothing other than the sword of Gideon | 0 | Here “the sword of Gideon” refers to Gideon’s army attacking. Alternate translation: “The loaf of barley bread in your dream must be the army of Gideon” | |
| 584 | 7:14 | v4e2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture | God has given him victory over Midian | 0 | This future event is spoken of as if it were a past event. This emphasizes that it will certainly happen. Alternate translation: “God will certainly help the Israelites defeat the Midianites” | |
| 585 | 7:16 | xjf2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | three hundred men | 0 | “300 men” | |
| 586 | 7:19 | cxa7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | hundred men | 0 | “100 men” | |
| 587 | 7:19 | wba7 | right at the beginning of the middle watch | 0 | The beginning of the middle watch would be around 10 o’clock at night. | ||
| 588 | 7:20 | zfw1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | The sword of Yahweh and of Gideon | 0 | Here “sword” refers to their fighting. Alternate translation: “We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon” | |
| 589 | 7:22 | nw1r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | three hundred trumpets | 0 | “300 trumpets” | |
| 590 | 7:22 | nk36 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | Yahweh set every Midianite man’s sword against his comrades | 0 | Here “sword” refers to their attack with the use of the sword. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused every Midianite man to fight against his fellow soldiers” | |
| 591 | 7:22 | rv5b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Beth Shittah … Zererah … Abel Meholah … Tabbath | 0 | These are the names of towns and cities. | |
| 592 | 7:23 | u5e9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | The men of Israel from Naphtali, Asher, and all Manasseh were called out | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Gideon called out the Israelites from the tribes of Naphtali, Asher, and all Mannasseh” | |
| 593 | 7:24 | js9y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Beth Barah | 0 | This is the name of a town. | |
| 594 | 7:24 | u7ze | took control of the waters, as far as Beth Barah and the Jordan River | 0 | Alternate translation: “took control of the area of the Jordan River as far south as Beth Barah” | ||
| 595 | 7:25 | hn84 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | at the rock of Oreb … at the winepress of Zeeb | 0 | The places were given these names after the Israelites killed Oreb and Zeeb there. | |
| 596 | 7:25 | rvj8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Oreb … Zeeb | 0 | These are names of men. | |
| 597 | 8:intro | zh95 | 0 | # Judges 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Gideon concludes in this chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Succoth’s refusal to help Gideon\nThe men of Succoth feared the Midianites more than Gideon. This is why they refused to help Gideon. By allying themselves with the Midianites, they aligned themselves against Yahweh. Because of this, Gideon treated them like he treated the Midianites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n### Gideon refuses to be king\n\nGideon said to them, “I will not rule over you, neither will my son rule over you. Yahweh will rule over you.” Although the book of Deuteronomy anticipates a king in Israel, it was sinful for Israel to desire to have a king. He did though take a share of everyone’s plunder as a king would have done through taxes. This may serve as a warning to Israel about their desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) | |||
| 598 | 8:1 | sea3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | What is this you have done to us? | 0 | The people of the tribe of Ephraim were rebuking Gideon with this rhetorical question for not including them in his army. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not treated us fairly.” | |
| 599 | 8:1 | f8fy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | against Midian | 0 | Here “Midian” represents the Midianite army. | |
| 600 | 8:1 | whc1 | they had a violent argument with him | 0 | they argued angrily with him” or “they rebuked him severely” | ||
| 601 | 8:2 | xg1a | 0 | # General Information:\n\nGideon replies to the men from Ephraim. | |||
| 602 | 8:2 | wpi2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | What have I done now compared to you? | 0 | Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. Alternate translation: “I have done very little compared with what you have done!” | |
| 603 | 8:2 | xg8b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Are not the gleanings of Ephraim’s grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer? | 0 | Gideon was calming the people of Ephraim with this rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “Certainly the grapes you people of Ephraim gleaned are better than what we the descendants of Abiezer gathered from the whole harvest!” | |
| 604 | 8:2 | i6yr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Are not the gleanings of Ephraim’s grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer? | 0 | Gideon and his army defeating the Medianites is spoken of as if it were a grape harvest. The people of Ephraim killing Oreb and Zeeb at the end of the battle is spoken of as if they were gleaning grapes at the end of the harvest. Alternate translation: “What you people of Ephraim did at the end of the battle is more important than what we descendants of Abiezer did at the beginning.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 605 | 8:2 | rr59 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | Abiezer | 0 | This is the name of one of Gideon’s ancestors. Gideon used his name to refer to Abiezer’s descendants and their land. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 606 | 8:3 | x1xa | Oreb and Zeeb | 0 | See how you translated these names in [Judges 7:25](../07/25.md). | ||
| 607 | 8:3 | bi55 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | What have I accomplished compared to you? | 0 | Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have done is more important than what I have done.” | |
| 608 | 8:3 | riv2 | died down | 0 | Alternate translation: “became less” | ||
| 609 | 8:4 | f6yp | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | the three hundred men | 0 | “the 300 men” | |
| 610 | 8:4 | s9yv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | kept up the pursuit | 0 | The word “pursuit,” an abstract noun, can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “continued to chase their enemies” | |
| 611 | 8:5 | zt2q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Zebah and Zalmunna | 0 | These are the names of men. | |
| 612 | 8:6 | l71p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand? | 0 | The leaders use a question to emphasize that the Israelites have not yet captured Zebah and Zalumnna. Alternate translation: “You have not captured Zebah and Zalmunna yet.” | |
| 613 | 8:6 | aw3g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna | 0 | Here “hands” refer to the whole body. | |
| 614 | 8:6 | bn4x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | now in your hand | 0 | Here “hand” represents power or control. | |
| 615 | 8:6 | k3em | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Why should we give bread to your army? | 0 | The leaders use a question to emphasize that they have no reason to give bread to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “We see no reason to give bread to your army.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 616 | 8:7 | gwp6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | I will tear your skin with the desert thorns and briers | 0 | The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will make whips out of desert thorns and briers and use them to beat you and cut you” | |
| 617 | 8:7 | j77m | thorns and briers | 0 | sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals | ||
| 618 | 8:8 | bi3x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | He went up from there | 0 | Here “He” refers to Gideon. Gideon represents himself and the soldiers following him. Alternate translation: “They left there” or “Gideon and his 300 men left there” | |
| 619 | 8:8 | ikw7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Peniel | 0 | The name of a place. | |
| 620 | 8:8 | ak91 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | spoke to the people there in the same way | 0 | You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “asked for food there in the same way” or “he also asked them for food” | |
| 621 | 8:9 | y4qf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism | When I come again in peace | 0 | This is a polite way of referring to the defeat of his enemies. Alternate translation: “After I have completely defeated the Midian army” | |
| 622 | 8:9 | nth4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | I will pull down this tower | 0 | Here “I” refers to Gideon and represents himself and his men. Alternate translation: “My men and I will pull down this tower” | |
| 623 | 8:10 | nfu6 | Now | 0 | This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story. | ||
| 624 | 8:10 | tli8 | Zebah and Zalmunna | 0 | See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md). | ||
| 625 | 8:10 | vw38 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Karkor | 0 | This is the name of a city. | |
| 626 | 8:10 | bh2j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | fifteen thousand men | 0 | “15,000 men” | |
| 627 | 8:10 | p2iw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism | had fallen | 0 | This is a polite way of referring to people who died in battle. Alternate translation: “had been killed” or “had died in battle” | |
| 628 | 8:10 | j3dk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | 120,000 men | 0 | “one hundred thousand men” | |
| 629 | 8:10 | mz6t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | men who drew the sword | 0 | Here drawing the sword represents using the sword in battle. This could mean: (1) this phrase refers to soldiers who use swords in battle. Alternate translation: “swordsmen” or “men who fought with swords” or (2) this phrase refers to any soldiers. Alternate translation: “soldiers” | |
| 630 | 8:11 | t81p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | Gideon went up | 0 | Here “Gideon” represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers went up” | |
| 631 | 8:11 | y551 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | He defeated | 0 | Here “He” refers to Gideon and represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers defeated” | |
| 632 | 8:11 | jbu9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Nobah and Jogbehah | 0 | These are names of towns. | |
| 633 | 8:12 | dmu9 | Zebah and Zalmunna | 0 | See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md). | ||
| 634 | 8:13 | w2l7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | the pass of Heres | 0 | This is the name of a road that passes between two mountains. | |
| 635 | 8:14 | a6z2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | questioned him | 0 | It can be stated explicitly what Gideon asked the young man. Alternate translation: “he asked him to identify all the names of the leaders in the town” | |
| 636 | 8:14 | l2rr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | seventy-seven officials | 0 | “77 officials” | |
| 637 | 8:15 | buj3 | Zebah and Zalmunna | 0 | See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md). | ||
| 638 | 8:15 | bnf8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Have you already conquered Zebah and Zalmunna? | 0 | Gideon quotes the people of Succoth as using a question to mock him. Alternate translation: “You have not yet conquered Zebah and Zalmunna.” | |
| 639 | 8:16 | ct8g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | Gideon took … he punished | 0 | Here “Gideon” represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers took … they punished” | |
| 640 | 8:16 | vr3e | thorns and briers | 0 | These are sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals. See how you translated this in [Judges 8:7](../08/07.md). | ||
| 641 | 8:17 | dbh6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | he pulled | 0 | Gideon and his soldiers pulled. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers pulled” | |
| 642 | 8:17 | jg81 | Peniel | 0 | Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 8:8](../08/08.md). | ||
| 643 | 8:18 | lav2 | Zebah and Zalmunna | 0 | See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md). | ||
| 644 | 8:18 | gw8k | Tabor | 0 | Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md). | ||
| 645 | 8:18 | q1pd | As you are, so were they | 0 | Alternate translation: “They were just like you” | ||
| 646 | 8:19 | jb1y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | As Yahweh lives | 0 | This idiom is a religious oath used for emphasis that what he is about to say is true. Alternate translation: “I promise you that” | |
| 647 | 8:20 | xg9f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Jether | 0 | This is the name of Gideon’s son. | |
| 648 | 8:21 | eu98 | ornaments | 0 | decorations | ||
| 649 | 8:22 | n3hy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | out of the hand of Midian | 0 | Here “hand” represents the power of Midian over Israel. Alternate translation: “from the power of Midian” or “from Midian” | |
| 650 | 8:22 | zz2f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | of Midian | 0 | Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” | |
| 651 | 8:24 | va81 | Gideon said to them | 0 | Alternate translation: “Gideon said to the men of Israel” | ||
| 652 | 8:24 | qb9s | earrings | 0 | jewelry worn on the ear | ||
| 653 | 8:24 | e5zj | plunder | 0 | things stolen by force or taken off of people killed in war | ||
| 654 | 8:24 | c2b3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | The Midianites had golden earrings because they were Ishmaelites | 0 | Here the narrator tells background information about the Midianites. | |
| 655 | 8:25 | ark2 | cloak | 0 | clothing made from a large piece of fabric and worn over the shoulders as a coat | ||
| 656 | 8:26 | z8qb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | 1,700 shekels of gold | 0 | “one thousand seven hundred shekels of gold.” If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “18.7 kilograms of gold” or “about 20 kilograms of gold” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) | |
| 657 | 8:26 | w5mz | crescent ornaments | 0 | See how you translated this in [Judges 8:21](../08/21.md). | ||
| 658 | 8:26 | rc47 | pendants | 0 | pieces of jewelry that hang at the end of the chains or cords of necklaces | ||
| 659 | 8:26 | z7ld | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | that was worn by the kings of Midian | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the kings of Midian wore” | |
| 660 | 8:27 | awh9 | Gideon made an ephod out of the earrings | 0 | Alternate translation: “Gideon used the gold from the earrings to make an ephod” | ||
| 661 | 8:27 | tir6 | Ophrah | 0 | Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md). | ||
| 662 | 8:27 | tyw2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | all Israel prostituted themselves by worshiping it there | 0 | This speaks of worshiping a false god as if it were prostitution. Alternate translation: “the Israelites sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the ephod there” | |
| 663 | 8:27 | j6ye | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole | all Israel | 0 | Here “all” is an exaggeration to emphasize that very many worshiped the garment. Alternate translation: “very many people in Israel worshiped the garment” | |
| 664 | 8:27 | bbx3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | It became a trap for Gideon and for those in his house | 0 | This speaks of Gideon and his family being tempted to worship the ephod as if the ephod were a hunter’s snare that would trap them. Alternate translation: “It became a temptation for Gideon and his family” or “Gideon and his family sinned by worshiping it” | |
| 665 | 8:27 | i29y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | for those in his house | 0 | Here “his house” represents Gideon’s family. Alternate translation: “for his family” | |
| 666 | 8:28 | wui8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | So Midian was subdued before the people of Israel | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So Yahweh subdued the Midianites before the people of Israel” or “So Yahweh helped the Israelites defeat the Midianites” | |
| 667 | 8:28 | u2ar | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | they did not raise their heads up again | 0 | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “they did not attack Israel again” | |
| 668 | 8:28 | un4l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | So the land had peace | 0 | Here “land” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “So the Israelites lived peacefully” | |
| 669 | 8:28 | mw8q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | forty years | 0 | “40 years” | |
| 670 | 8:28 | z3zj | in the days of Gideon | 0 | Alternate translation: “during the life of Gideon” | ||
| 671 | 8:29 | z3sb | Jerub Baal | 0 | This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md). | ||
| 672 | 8:30 | m14n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | seventy sons | 0 | “70 sons” | |
| 673 | 8:32 | i3jl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | a good old age | 0 | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “when he was very old” | |
| 674 | 8:32 | w8yg | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | was buried | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” | |
| 675 | 8:32 | aen4 | Ophrah | 0 | Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md). | ||
| 676 | 8:32 | pc1f | the clan of Abiezer | 0 | Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md). | ||
| 677 | 8:33 | be44 | It came about | 0 | This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. | ||
| 678 | 8:33 | l1r2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | turned again | 0 | The people rejecting Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically turned away from him. Alternate translation: “they stopped worshiping Yahwheh” | |
| 679 | 8:33 | gh13 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | prostituted themselves by worshiping the Baals | 0 | This speaks of worshiping false gods as if it were prostitution. Alternate translation: “they sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the Baals” | |
| 680 | 8:33 | ce8s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Baal-Berith | 0 | This is the name of a false god. | |
| 681 | 8:34 | k1h5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | from the hand of all their enemies | 0 | Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of all their enemies” or “from all their enemies” | |
| 682 | 8:34 | lqk5 | on every side | 0 | Alternate translation: “who surrounded them” | ||
| 683 | 8:35 | svf8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the house of Jerub Baal | 0 | Here “the house of” represents a person’s family. Alternate translation: “the family of Jerub Baal” | |
| 684 | 8:35 | w3k3 | Jerub Baal | 0 | This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md). | ||
| 685 | 9:intro | zl19 | 0 | # Judges 9 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Jotham’s curse\n\nGideon’s son, Abimelech, killed all of his brothers except Jotham in order to become king of Shechem. Jotham cursed Abimelech for having murdered Gideon’s other sons. “Let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem and the house of Millo. Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Tree metaphor\n\nThis chapter contains an extended metaphor about trees. This metaphor functions as a parable instructing Israel about their sinful desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) | |||
| 686 | 9:1 | cb58 | Jerub Baal | 0 | This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md). | ||
| 687 | 9:2 | gfl5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes | Please say this, so that all the leaders in Shechem may hear, ‘Which is better for you, that all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over you, or that just one rule over you?’ | 0 | This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Please ask the leaders of Shechem if they would rather have all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over them, or if they would rather have just one of his sons rule over them.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 688 | 9:2 | lpf2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | seventy | 0 | “70” | |
| 689 | 9:2 | e38y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | I am your bone and your flesh | 0 | Here “your bone and your flesh” represents being someone’s relative. Alternate translation: “I am a member of your family” | |
| 690 | 9:3 | ie29 | His mother’s relatives spoke for him to the leaders | 0 | This means that the relatives of the mother of Abimelech spoke to the leaders, suggesting that they make Abimelech their king. | ||
| 691 | 9:3 | ubh9 | they agreed to follow Abimelech | 0 | Alternate translation: “they agreed to let Abimelech be their leader” | ||
| 692 | 9:4 | yf44 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the house | 0 | Here “house” represents a temple. | |
| 693 | 9:4 | yf3w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney | seventy pieces of silver | 0 | This means seventy shekels of silver. A shekel weighs 11 grams. If it is necessary to translate this with modern measurements, you can translate it like this. Alternate translation: “almost one kilo of silver” | |
| 694 | 9:4 | v8x5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | seventy | 0 | “70” | |
| 695 | 9:4 | g7i4 | Baal-Berith | 0 | This is the name of a false god. See how you translated it in [Judges 8:33](../08/33.md). | ||
| 696 | 9:4 | mi77 | worthless and reckless | 0 | Alternate translation: “violent and foolish” | ||
| 697 | 9:5 | c56j | Ophrah | 0 | Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md). | ||
| 698 | 9:5 | jer7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | one stone | 0 | “1 stone” | |
| 699 | 9:5 | gnp3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | seventy | 0 | “70” | |
| 700 | 9:5 | ilv2 | Jerub Baal | 0 | This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md). | ||
| 701 | 9:6 | up6d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Beth Millo | 0 | This is the name of a place. | |
| 702 | 9:7 | d3ws | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables | 0 | # General Information:\n\nJotham begins telling a parable in which the trees try to find someone to rule them. The trees represent the Israelites. | ||
| 703 | 9:7 | ksz5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | When Jotham was told about this | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “When Jotham heard that Abimelech had murdered his brothers” | |
| 704 | 9:7 | z9vx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Mount Gerizim | 0 | This is a mountain. | |
| 705 | 9:8 | p19p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables | The trees once went out to anoint a king over them. For they said to the olive tree, ‘Reign over us.’ | 0 | In this parable Jotham describes the trees doing things that humans do. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 706 | 9:8 | x1ky | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction | to anoint a king over them | 0 | Here, to anoint with oil is a symbolic action that represents appointing a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint a king to rule over all of them” | |
| 707 | 9:8 | ai6t | Reign over us | 0 | Alternate translation: “Be our king” | ||
| 708 | 9:9 | q6h3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Should I give up my abundance … over the other trees? | 0 | The olive tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my abundance … over the other trees.” | |
| 709 | 9:9 | v5cc | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | abundance | 0 | This word for “wealth” is a metonym for the olives that come from the tree. People ate olives as food and crushed them to make oil for lamps. Alternate translation: “oil” | |
| 710 | 9:9 | b42t | by which gods and men are honored | 0 | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “by which people honor both gods and other men” | ||
| 711 | 9:9 | ctc8 | gods | 0 | It is possible to translate the same Hebrew word as “god,” “God,” or “gods,” so this could mean: (1) “gods” or (2) “God.” | ||
| 712 | 9:9 | a9cy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | sway over | 0 | To sway is to move back and forth. Trees sway when the wind blows them. Here this is a metaphor for ruling over people. Jotham is also using irony, saying that the work of any ruler will be useless because the “trees,” the people, will not obey anyone who rules them. Alternate translation: “rule over” | |
| 713 | 9:11 | df3r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | the fig tree said to them | 0 | Jotham continues describing the trees as doing things that humans do. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 714 | 9:11 | bi3f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Should I give up my sweetness … over the other trees? | 0 | The fig tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my sweetness … over the other trees.” | |
| 715 | 9:11 | jkz5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | my sweetness and my good fruit | 0 | The word “sweetness” is an abstract noun. It can be stated as an adjective that describes the fruit that grows on the tree. Alternate translation: “my good sweet fruit” | |
| 716 | 9:12 | m2h3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | The trees said to the vine | 0 | In this parable, Jotham describes the trees and the vine as doing things that humans do. | |
| 717 | 9:13 | i2y3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Should I give up my new wine … over the other trees? | 0 | The vine is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my new wine … over the other trees.” | |
| 718 | 9:14 | mp3a | thornbush | 0 | Thorns are sharp spikes or spurs that hurt. This bush has many sharp spikes along its branches. | ||
| 719 | 9:15 | g1p2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables | The thornbush said to the trees | 0 | In this parable, Jotham describes the thornbush and the trees as doing things that humans do. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 720 | 9:15 | zea8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction | to anoint me as king over you | 0 | To anoint someone with oil is a symbolic action that appoints a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint me as your king” | |
| 721 | 9:15 | cm8a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | find safety | 0 | The word “safety” is an abstract noun that can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “be safe” | |
| 722 | 9:15 | hvs5 | fire come out of the thornbush and let it burn up the cedars of Lebanon | 0 | This means to let the thornbush burn so that it will burn the cedars. | ||
| 723 | 9:15 | xn44 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person | then let fire come out of the thornbush | 0 | The thornbush refers to itself as “the thornbush.” Alternate translation: “then may fire come out from me, the thornbush” | |
| 724 | 9:16 | ayq2 | Now | 0 | This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. | ||
| 725 | 9:16 | y7g3 | Jerub Baal | 0 | This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md). | ||
| 726 | 9:16 | nu7n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | his house | 0 | Here “house” represents Gideon’s family. | |
| 727 | 9:17 | x8ae | 0 | # General Information:\n\nJotham makes the application to the situation at that time and place. | |||
| 728 | 9:17 | fpm7 | to think that my father fought for you … out of the hand of Midian | 0 | Here Jotham is expressing that he cannot believe how badly the people of Shechem have treated Gideon and his family even after Gideon fought to save the people of Shechem. | ||
| 729 | 9:17 | kqc3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | out of the hand of Midian | 0 | Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of the Midianites” or “from the Midianites” | |
| 730 | 9:18 | cr5w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | you have risen up against | 0 | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have opposed” or “you have rebelled against” | |
| 731 | 9:18 | i5zw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | my father’s house | 0 | Here “house” represents family. Alternate translation: “my father’s family” | |
| 732 | 9:18 | yy47 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | seventy | 0 | “70” | |
| 733 | 9:18 | ym97 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | one stone | 0 | “1 stone” | |
| 734 | 9:18 | c154 | his female servant | 0 | Here “his” refers to Gideon. | ||
| 735 | 9:19 | cwl5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo | If you acted with honesty and integrity with Jerub Baal and his house | 0 | Jotham offered the possibility that what they did was good, but Jotham does not actually believe what they did was good. Alternate translation: “If you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they deserved to be treated” | |
| 736 | 9:19 | re1x | Jerub Baal | 0 | This is another name for Gideon. It means “let Baal defend himself.” See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md). | ||
| 737 | 9:19 | r5ce | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | his house | 0 | Here “house” refers to family. Alternate translation: “his family” | |
| 738 | 9:20 | rv9v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo | But if not | 0 | Jotham offered the opposite possibility that what they did was evil and applied a curse. Jotham does believe what they did was evil. Alternate translation: “But if you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they did not deserve to be treated” | |
| 739 | 9:20 | g8i6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem | 0 | Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of Abimelech destroying the people of Shechem as if he would burn them with fire. | |
| 740 | 9:20 | ibq3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech | 0 | Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of the people of Shechem and Beth Millo destroying Abimelech as if they would burn him with fire. | |
| 741 | 9:20 | iey1 | Beth Millo | 0 | This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:6](../09/06.md). | ||
| 742 | 9:21 | pan4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Beer | 0 | This is the name of a city. | |
| 743 | 9:23 | bv9r | God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem | 0 | This means that God applied the curse Jotham made by sending an evil spirit to cause trouble and animosity between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem. | ||
| 744 | 9:24 | xf1e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | God did this so the violence done … helped him murder his brothers | 0 | The passive phrases can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God did this to avenge the seventy sons whom Abimelech their brother murdered and the men of Shechem helped murder” | |
| 745 | 9:24 | cb41 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | seventy | 0 | “70” | |
| 746 | 9:24 | b1g1 | Jerub Baal | 0 | This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md). | ||
| 747 | 9:25 | b7tx | positioned men to lie in wait on the hilltops that they might ambush him | 0 | Alternate translation: “sent men to hide on the hilltops and wait to attack Abimelech” | ||
| 748 | 9:25 | pd3x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | This was reported to Abimelech | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Abimelech about the men waiting to attack him” | |
| 749 | 9:26 | r2ue | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Gaal … Ebed | 0 | These are names of men. | |
| 750 | 9:26 | mv9b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | had confidence in him | 0 | The word “confidence” is an abstract noun that can be stated with the verb “trust.” Alternate translation: “trusted him” | |
| 751 | 9:27 | i6sf | They went out into the field | 0 | Here “They” refers to Gaal and his relatives and the men of Shechem. | ||
| 752 | 9:27 | r8w9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | they trampled on them | 0 | They did this to squeeze out the grape juice to make wine with it. | |
| 753 | 9:27 | c3x3 | trampled | 0 | Alternate translation: “crushed” or “stomped” | ||
| 754 | 9:27 | d9l2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | in the house | 0 | Here “house” represents a temple. | |
| 755 | 9:28 | yyy5 | Gaal … Ebed | 0 | See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md). | ||
| 756 | 9:28 | w9hj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? | 0 | Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech!” | |
| 757 | 9:28 | dfp7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? | 0 | Both of these questions means the same thing. Gaal refers to Abimelech as “Shechem” because Abimelech’s mother was from Shechem. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech, that is, Shechem!” | |
| 758 | 9:28 | a6ws | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Is he not the son of Jerub Baal? Is Zebul not his officer? | 0 | Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “He is just the son of Jerub Baal, and Zebul is just his officer.” | |
| 759 | 9:28 | p2s8 | Jerub Baal | 0 | This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md). | ||
| 760 | 9:28 | b36z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Zebul | 0 | This is the name of a man. | |
| 761 | 9:28 | rq5n | Serve the men of Hamor, Shechem’s father | 0 | Gaal means the people of Shechem should serve those who descended from Hamor, that is, those who are truly Canaanites, and not serve someone whose father was an Israelite. | ||
| 762 | 9:28 | ju72 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Why should we serve Abimelech? | 0 | Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech!” | |
| 763 | 9:29 | v1e2 | I wish that this people were under my command | 0 | Alternate translation: “I wish that I ruled the people of Shechem” | ||
| 764 | 9:30 | qj5l | Zebul | 0 | See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md). | ||
| 765 | 9:30 | a53k | heard the words of Gaal son of Ebed | 0 | Alternate translation: “heard what Gaal son of Ebed said” | ||
| 766 | 9:30 | p2rs | Gaal … Ebed | 0 | See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md). | ||
| 767 | 9:30 | u13b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | his anger was kindled | 0 | Becoming angry is spoken of as if a fire were starting. Alternate translation: “he became very angry” | |
| 768 | 9:30 | lx8u | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the city | 0 | Here “city” represents the people of the city. | |
| 769 | 9:31 | u898 | in order to deceive | 0 | Zebul is deceiving Gaal and the people of Shechem. Alternate translation: “secretly” | ||
| 770 | 9:31 | gvg1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | they are stirring up the city against you | 0 | This speaks of the people of the city becoming upset as if they were liquid in a pot moving around. Alternate translation: “they are persuading the people of the city to rebel against you” | |
| 771 | 9:32 | yn4z | 0 | # General Information:\n\nZebul’s messengers continue talking to Abimelech. | |||
| 772 | 9:32 | j18v | Now | 0 | This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. | ||
| 773 | 9:32 | mrh8 | an ambush | 0 | Alternate translation: “to hide and attack them suddenly” | ||
| 774 | 9:33 | k1f3 | do whatever you can to them | 0 | This means that they can do what they want to destroy the followers of Gaal. | ||
| 775 | 9:34 | be8t | all the men who were with him | 0 | Alternate translation: “all the men accompanying Abimelech” or “all the men fighting for Abimelech” | ||
| 776 | 9:34 | b14p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | dividing into four units | 0 | “separating into 4 groups” | |
| 777 | 9:35 | q22c | Gaal … Ebed | 0 | See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md). | ||
| 778 | 9:36 | v8bb | Gaal | 0 | This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md). | ||
| 779 | 9:36 | vu4i | Zebul | 0 | This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md). | ||
| 780 | 9:36 | gz9v | You are seeing the shadows on the hills like they are men | 0 | Zebul is trying to confuse Gaal and keep him from preparing for battle. Alternate translation: “That is not people, it is only shadows on the hills” | ||
| 781 | 9:37 | kmf8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | one unit | 0 | “1 group” or “1 troop” | |
| 782 | 9:38 | tqh1 | Zebul | 0 | See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md). | ||
| 783 | 9:38 | qap7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Where are your proud words now, you | 0 | Zebul is scolding Gaal with this rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “You are not speaking proudly now, you” or “You are not proud now, you” | |
| 784 | 9:38 | fub2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | you who said, ‘Who is Abimelech that we should serve him?’ | 0 | Zebul is quoting Gaal’s boast back to Gaal. This can be translated as a statement and as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “you who said that we should not serve Abimelech.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 785 | 9:38 | qdj1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Are these not the men you despised? | 0 | Zebul is challenging Gaal with this rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Here are the men that you despised.” | |
| 786 | 9:38 | u392 | despised | 0 | strongly disliked or hated | ||
| 787 | 9:39 | h55i | Gaal | 0 | See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md). | ||
| 788 | 9:40 | p7lv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | Many fell with deadly wounds | 0 | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “And many men died of wounds” | |
| 789 | 9:41 | y21z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Arumah | 0 | This is the name of a city. | |
| 790 | 9:41 | q5ep | Zebul | 0 | This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md). | ||
| 791 | 9:41 | f6ud | Gaal | 0 | This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md). | ||
| 792 | 9:42 | em2h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | this was reported to Abimelech | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone reported this to Abimelech” | |
| 793 | 9:43 | rm73 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | divided them into three units | 0 | “separated them into 3 groups” | |
| 794 | 9:43 | e8ph | they set an ambush in the fields | 0 | Alternate translation: “they hid in the fields to attack the people by surprise” | ||
| 795 | 9:43 | l12e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | he attacked | 0 | Here “he” refers to Abimelech who represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “they attacked” | |
| 796 | 9:44 | h6g9 | the units | 0 | Alternate translation: “the groups of soldiers” | ||
| 797 | 9:44 | a246 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | other two | 0 | “other 2” | |
| 798 | 9:45 | e7uy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | Abimelech fought … He tore down | 0 | Here “Abimelech” represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Abimelech and his soldiers fought … They tore down” | |
| 799 | 9:45 | ch7p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | against the city | 0 | Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “against the people of Shechem” | |
| 800 | 9:45 | zi77 | tore down | 0 | Alternate translation: “demolished” | ||
| 801 | 9:45 | t928 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | spread salt over it | 0 | “spread salt over the land.” Spreading salt over land keeps anything from growing there. | |
| 802 | 9:46 | lty1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the house | 0 | Here this represents a temple. | |
| 803 | 9:46 | kw6q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | El-Berith | 0 | The word “El” means “god.” This is the same false god as “Baal-Berith” in [Judges 8:33](../08/33.md). | |
| 804 | 9:47 | hnv1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | Abimelech was told | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Abimelech” | |
| 805 | 9:48 | h1s8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Mount Zalmon | 0 | This is the name of a mountain. | |
| 806 | 9:49 | thc7 | piled | 0 | This means to stack the branches into a large heap. | ||
| 807 | 9:49 | f9xs | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | about a thousand men | 0 | “about 1,000” | |
| 808 | 9:50 | jh8f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Thebez | 0 | This is the name of a city. | |
| 809 | 9:50 | nyj8 | encamped against Thebez | 0 | Alternate translation: “camped outside the city of Thebez” | ||
| 810 | 9:52 | jgq2 | fought against it | 0 | Alternate translation: “attacked it” | ||
| 811 | 9:53 | z9j6 | upper millstone | 0 | Two large, flat, round stones were used to grind grain in a mill. An upper millstone was the top one that was rolled on the lower one to crush the grain in between them. | ||
| 812 | 9:54 | vm49 | armor-bearer | 0 | This is the man who carried the weapons of Abimelech. | ||
| 813 | 9:54 | is1h | pierced him through | 0 | This means the young man put the sword right through the body of Abimelech. | ||
| 814 | 9:56 | h9fb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | seventy | 0 | “70” | |
| 815 | 9:57 | fx65 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | made all the evil of the men of Shechem turn back on their own heads | 0 | “Evil turn back on their heads” here is an idiom. Alternate translation: “punished the men of Shechem for all the evil they had done” | |
| 816 | 9:57 | hua1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | on them came the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal | 0 | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal happened to them” | |
| 817 | 9:57 | q7dp | Jerub Baal | 0 | This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md). | ||
| 818 | 10:intro | zqn2 | 0 | # Judges 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the account of Jephthah ([Judges 10–12](./01.md)).\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Israel’s punishment\nIn Judges, Israel’s actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]]) | |||
| 819 | 10:1 | g7ww | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Tola … Puah … Dodo | 0 | These are names of men. | |
| 820 | 10:1 | ti4g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Shamir | 0 | This is the name of a place. | |
| 821 | 10:1 | lxh7 | arose to deliver Israel | 0 | Alternate translation: “came to deliver Israel” or “became the leader to deliver Israel” | ||
| 822 | 10:1 | i5f3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | deliver Israel | 0 | Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. | |
| 823 | 10:2 | m2fd | He judged Israel | 0 | Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel. | ||
| 824 | 10:2 | m93u | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | twenty-three years | 0 | “23 years” | |
| 825 | 10:2 | unp5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | was buried | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” | |
| 826 | 10:3 | f3wi | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | He was followed by Jair the Gileadite | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jair the Gileadite was leader after Tola” | |
| 827 | 10:3 | m9uk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Jair | 0 | This is the name of a man. | |
| 828 | 10:3 | j6fm | the Gileadite | 0 | Jair was from the tribe of Gilead. | ||
| 829 | 10:3 | fmn8 | He judged Israel | 0 | Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel. | ||
| 830 | 10:3 | d5gs | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | Israel | 0 | Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. | |
| 831 | 10:3 | ezp7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | twenty-two years | 0 | “22 years” | |
| 832 | 10:4 | i1hv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | thirty sons | 0 | “30 sons” | |
| 833 | 10:4 | vb1y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Havvoth Jair | 0 | This is the name of a region, which is named after a man. | |
| 834 | 10:4 | h644 | to this day | 0 | This means to the time when the book of Judges was being written. | ||
| 835 | 10:5 | t8ka | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | was buried | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” | |
| 836 | 10:5 | s19j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Kamon | 0 | This is the name of a place. | |
| 837 | 10:6 | lj2d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | added to the evil they had done in the sight of Yahweh | 0 | This speaks of evil as if it were an object that a person could add to and make bigger. Alternate translation: “continued doing what Yahweh said was evil” | |
| 838 | 10:6 | ki1z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | in the sight of Yahweh | 0 | The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “according to Yahweh” | |
| 839 | 10:6 | p7j4 | Ashtoreths | 0 | This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:13](../02/13.md). | ||
| 840 | 10:6 | r515 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | They abandoned Yahweh and no longer worshiped him | 0 | The author basically said the same thing twice for emphasis. These can be combined. Alternate translation: “They completely stopped worshiping Yahweh” | |
| 841 | 10:6 | p6q5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | They abandoned Yahweh | 0 | No longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the people left Yahweh and went somewhere else. | |
| 842 | 10:7 | zf61 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Yahweh burned with anger toward Israel | 0 | Yahweh becoming angry is spoken of as if anger were a burning fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was very angry at Israel” | |
| 843 | 10:7 | f4v2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | he sold them into the hand of the Philistines and into the hand of the Ammonites | 0 | Yahweh allowing the Philistines and the Ammonites to defeat the Israelites is spoken of as if he sold the Israelites to them. | |
| 844 | 10:7 | aj5n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | into the hand | 0 | Here “hand” represents power or control. | |
| 845 | 10:8 | psa9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet | crushed and oppressed | 0 | These two words basically mean the same and emphasize how much the Israelites suffered. Alternate translation: “terribly oppressed” | |
| 846 | 10:8 | q2ml | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | eighteen years | 0 | “18 years” | |
| 847 | 10:8 | msz6 | who were beyond the Jordan | 0 | This means on the east side of the Jordan River. | ||
| 848 | 10:8 | b5w4 | which is in Gilead | 0 | Alternate translation: “this region is also called Gilead” | ||
| 849 | 10:9 | wq6g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | Judah … Benjamin | 0 | “Judah” and “Benjamin” refer to the people belonging to those tribes. Alternate translation: “the people of the tribe of Judah … the people of the tribe of Benjamin” | |
| 850 | 10:9 | nt9c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | house of Ephraim | 0 | The “house” refers to the people of the tribe of Ephraim. Alternate translation: “the people of the tribe of Ephraim” | |
| 851 | 10:9 | gl3b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | so that Israel was greatly distressed | 0 | “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “so that the people of Israel suffered much” | |
| 852 | 10:10 | lda9 | the people of Israel called out to Yahweh | 0 | This means the people of Israel desperately asked Yahweh for help. | ||
| 853 | 10:10 | b8t5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | because we abandoned our God | 0 | The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else. | |
| 854 | 10:10 | t38a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person | abandoned our God | 0 | The people are speaking to Yahweh and refer to him as “our God.” This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “abandoned you, our God” | |
| 855 | 10:12 | lf73 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | and also from the Sidonians? | 0 | God is rebuking the people of Israel for their worship of other gods. The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Did I not deliver you” in verse 11 ends here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who delivered you … and also from the Sidonians.” | |
| 856 | 10:12 | w39a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Maonites | 0 | These are the people from the clan or family of Maon. | |
| 857 | 10:12 | e4ml | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | from their power | 0 | Here “power” represents the Amalekites and the Maonites. Alternate translation: “from them” | |
| 858 | 10:13 | p759 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | you abandoned me again | 0 | The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else. | |
| 859 | 10:16 | i2l8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | foreign gods among them | 0 | You can make explicit the implicit meaning of this statement. Alternate translation: “foreign gods whose images they possessed” | |
| 860 | 10:16 | m6hd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | Yahweh could bear Israel’s misery no longer | 0 | Here Israel refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh did not want the people of Israel to suffer any longer” | |
| 861 | 10:18 | j3k2 | Who is the man who will begin to fight the Ammonites? | 0 | Alternate translation: “Who will lead our army to fight against the Ammonites?” | ||
| 862 | 11:intro | q7si | 0 | # Judges 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Jephthah continues in this chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Jephthah the leader\n\nJephthah was half Israelite and half Canaanite by birth. While all of the judges were called by Yahweh, it is the leaders who called Jephthah to help them, but Yahweh still used Jephthah to help them. | |||
| 863 | 11:1 | yk6s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Gileadite | 0 | This is someone who is from the region of Gilead. It is a coincidence that his father’s name is also Gilead. See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md). | |
| 864 | 11:2 | r35b | When his wife’s sons grew up | 0 | Alternate translation: “When the sons of Gilead’s wife became adults” | ||
| 865 | 11:3 | aw1r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | the land of Tob | 0 | Tob is the name of a region. | |
| 866 | 11:3 | f5ze | they traveled with him | 0 | Alternate translation: “they followed him” or “they went everywhere together” | ||
| 867 | 11:4 | cn67 | Some days later | 0 | Alternate translation: “Some time later” | ||
| 868 | 11:4 | s6ku | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | made war against Israel | 0 | The phrase “made war” is an idiom which means that they attacked Israel and were at war with them. Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “attacked the people of Israel” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 869 | 11:6 | b37n | that we may fight with | 0 | Alternate translation: “so that we can fight against” | ||
| 870 | 11:7 | f7vj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | my father’s house | 0 | Here “house” refers to people living in the house. Alternate translation: “my family” | |
| 871 | 11:8 | ph3x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | That is why we are turning to you now | 0 | The word “that” refers to what Jephthah said about them being in trouble. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “We are turning to you now because we are in trouble” | |
| 872 | 11:8 | uem9 | fight with the people of Ammon | 0 | Alternate translation: “fight against the people of Ammon” | ||
| 873 | 11:11 | hf4c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet | leader and commander | 0 | These two words basically have the same meaning repeated to emphasize how important Jephthah had became. You can combine the two words. Alternate translation: “commander” | |
| 874 | 11:11 | v6uq | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | When he was before Yahweh in Mizpah, Jephthah repeated all the promises he made | 0 | This is an idiom. Here the phrase “before Yahwheh” means that he repeated his promises as a vow before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “When Jephthah was in Mizpah he repeated all of these promises as a vow before Yahweh” | |
| 875 | 11:11 | w6mk | all the promises he made | 0 | This refers to the promises he made to the leaders of Gilead about becoming their leader. | ||
| 876 | 11:12 | ybt9 | What is this conflict between us | 0 | “Why is there conflict between us?” Jephthah is asking the king why they are angry with Israel. | ||
| 877 | 11:12 | su7k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | Why have you come with force to take our land | 0 | The word “you” refers to the King of Ammon and represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Why have your soldiers come to seize our land” | |
| 878 | 11:12 | hwk4 | come with force to take | 0 | Alternate translation: “come to forcefully take” | ||
| 879 | 11:13 | qdz6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Arnon … Jabbok | 0 | These are the names of two rivers. | |
| 880 | 11:13 | ps71 | over to the Jordan | 0 | Alternate translation: “on the other side of the Jordan River” | ||
| 881 | 11:13 | tsw4 | in peace | 0 | Alternate translation: “peacefully” or “and do not try to defend them” | ||
| 882 | 11:15 | i4ns | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | he said | 0 | Here the word “he” refers to the messenger who was speaking to the king. This may be written with the word “they” as in the UST, referring to the group of messengers. Alternate translation: “Jephthah told the messengers to say” or “they said” | |
| 883 | 11:16 | e7sj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | they came up from Egypt | 0 | Whenever people traveled to the promised land it is referred to as going “up” to the promised land. When the Israelites left Egypt they were on their way to the promised land. Alternate translation: “they left Egypt” | |
| 884 | 11:17 | je4p | 0 | # General Information:\n\nJephthah’s messengers continue to speak. | |||
| 885 | 11:17 | tn6f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | When Israel sent messengers | 0 | The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. Alternate translation: “When the leaders of Israel sent messengers” | |
| 886 | 11:17 | kl4c | pass through | 0 | Alternate translation: “go through” or “cross” | ||
| 887 | 11:17 | v8aa | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | would not listen | 0 | This phrase is an idiom that means to “refuse.” Alternate translation: “refused” or “denied their request” | |
| 888 | 11:17 | q2mz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | They also sent messengers to the king of Moab | 0 | The reason that Israel sent messengers to the king of Moab can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “They also send messengers to the king of Moab with the same request” | |
| 889 | 11:17 | x2ue | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | but he refused | 0 | The king of Moab refused Israel’s request to pass through Moab. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “but he also refused and would not let them pass through the land of Moab” | |
| 890 | 11:18 | el82 | Arnon | 0 | This is the name of a river. See how you translated this in [Judges 11:13](../11/13.md). | ||
| 891 | 11:19 | msq6 | 0 | # General Information:\n\nJephthah’s messengers continue to speak. | |||
| 892 | 11:19 | ur8x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | Israel sent messengers to Sihon | 0 | The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. Alternate translation: “When the leaders of Israel sent messengers” | |
| 893 | 11:19 | j2t5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Sihon | 0 | This is the name of a person. | |
| 894 | 11:19 | pyu6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Heshbon | 0 | This is the name of a city. | |
| 895 | 11:20 | mn9x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Jahaz | 0 | This is the name of a city. | |
| 896 | 11:20 | ew16 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | But Sihon did not trust Israel to pass through his territory | 0 | Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his land peacefully. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “But Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his territory peacefully” | |
| 897 | 11:20 | d9ga | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | there he fought | 0 | The word “he” refers to Sihon and represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “there they fought” or “there his army fought” | |
| 898 | 11:21 | sf5x | 0 | # General Information:\n\nJephthah’s messengers continue to speak. | |||
| 899 | 11:21 | fsk6 | Sihon | 0 | See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 11:19](../11/19.md). | ||
| 900 | 11:21 | vp7w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | gave Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel | 0 | Here “hand” refers to power to defeat in battle. Alternate translation: “gave Israel power over Sihon and all his people” | |
| 901 | 11:22 | ce2e | Arnon … Jabbok | 0 | See how you translated the names of these rivers in [Judges 11:13](../11/13.md). | ||
| 902 | 11:23 | v22e | 0 | # General Information:\n\nJephthah’s messengers continue to speak. | |||
| 903 | 11:23 | ru3n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | should you now take possession of their land? | 0 | Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with this rhetorical question. The word “their” refers to the Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “therefore, you should not take possession of their land.” | |
| 904 | 11:24 | nr59 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Will you not take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you? | 0 | Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should only take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you.” | |
| 905 | 11:24 | bcm5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | take over | 0 | This is an idiom which means to take control of something. Alternate translation: “take control of” or “take possession of” | |
| 906 | 11:24 | z3zh | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Chemosh | 0 | This is the name of a false god. | |
| 907 | 11:25 | wln3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Now are you really better than Balak son of Zippor, king of Moab? | 0 | Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not better than Balak son of Zippor, who was king of Moab.” | |
| 908 | 11:25 | fk7m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Balak … Zippor | 0 | These are the names of men. | |
| 909 | 11:25 | giw3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Did he dare to have an argument with Israel? | 0 | Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: “Yet he did not dare to have an argument with Israel.” | |
| 910 | 11:25 | k8y5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Did he ever wage war against them? | 0 | Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: “Nor did he ever wage war against them.” | |
| 911 | 11:26 | pty2 | 0 | # General Information:\n\nJephthah’s messengers continue to speak. | |||
| 912 | 11:26 | t5g4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | three hundred years | 0 | “300 years” | |
| 913 | 11:26 | pu9w | Heshbon | 0 | Translate the name of this city the same way that you did in [Judges 11:19](../11/19.md). | ||
| 914 | 11:26 | c2xi | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Aroer | 0 | This is the name of a city. | |
| 915 | 11:26 | h61t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | why then did you not take them back during that time? | 0 | Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you should have taken them back during that time.” or “now it is too late; you should have taken them back long ago.” | |
| 916 | 11:27 | aei3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | I have not done you wrong, but you are doing me wrong by attacking me | 0 | Jephthah is speaking to the Sihon. Here Jephthah speaks about the Israelites as though they were himself and of the Ammonites as if they were Sihon their king. Alternate translation: “The Israelites have not done wrong to your people, but your people are doing us wrong by attacking us” | |
| 917 | 11:29 | p2lw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | the Spirit of Yahweh came on Jephthah | 0 | This is an idiom which means that the Spirit influenced Jephthah’s decisions. Alternate translation: “the Spirit of Yahweh took control of Jephthah” | |
| 918 | 11:29 | dq1c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | he passed through Gilead and Manasseh … from Mizpah of Gilead | 0 | Jephthah passed through these places enlisting men for his army to go to war with the people of Ammon. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “he gathered men for his army as he passed through Gilead and Manasseh … from Mizpah of Gilead” | |
| 919 | 11:31 | kh4e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | I will offer it up | 0 | This is an idiom which means to give something as an offering. Alternate translation: “I will offer it to you” or “I will sacrifice it to you” | |
| 920 | 11:32 | wr1n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | So Jephthah passed through … Yahweh gave him victory | 0 | Since Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself. Alternate translation: “So Jephthah and his army passed through … Yahweh gave them victory” | |
| 921 | 11:33 | rt2j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | He attacked | 0 | Since Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself (verse 32). Alternate translation: “they attacked” | |
| 922 | 11:33 | dl1t | Aroer | 0 | Translate the name of this city the same way you did in [Judges 11:26](../11/26.md). | ||
| 923 | 11:33 | pfq6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Minnith … Abel Keramim | 0 | These are the names of cities. | |
| 924 | 11:33 | i18j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | twenty cities | 0 | “including 20 cities” | |
| 925 | 11:34 | ng9v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | tambourines | 0 | musical instruments with heads like drums that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken | |
| 926 | 11:35 | md3n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction | he tore his clothes | 0 | This is an act that shows mourning or great sadness. Alternate translation: “he tore his clothes from grief” | |
| 927 | 11:35 | puu2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | You have crushed me with sorrow … you have become one who causes me pain | 0 | Jephthah said basically the same thing twice to emphasize that he was very sad” | |
| 928 | 11:35 | qi6c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | You have crushed me with sorrow | 0 | Here Jephthah speaks of his great sorrow as something that crushes him. Alternate translation: “You have caused me great sorrow” or “You have filled me with sorrow” | |
| 929 | 11:35 | dvs5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | you have become one who causes me pain | 0 | Here Jephthah talks about his great distress and trouble as if it were pain. Alternate translation: “you have become someone who troubles me” or “you cause me great distress” | |
| 930 | 11:35 | gvy5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | I cannot turn back on my promise | 0 | This is an idiom. To turn back on a promise means to not do what you have promised to do. Alternate translation: “I must do what I have promised” or “I cannot break my promise” | |
| 931 | 11:36 | e6gu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites | 0 | Yahweh has taken vengence for him by defeating his enemies. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites, by defeating them” | |
| 932 | 11:37 | hj6q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | Let this promise be kept for me | 0 | This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “Keep this promise for me” or “Keep this promise concerning me” | |
| 933 | 11:37 | dh7s | grieve over my virginity | 0 | Alternate translation: “weep because I am a virgin” or “cry because I will never be married” | ||
| 934 | 11:39 | n4my | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism | had never known a man | 0 | This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “had never had sexual relations with a man” | |
| 935 | 11:40 | s739 | the Gileadite | 0 | This refers to someone from Gilead. See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md). | ||
| 936 | 12:intro | p8zn | 0 | # Judges 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Jephthah concludes in this chapter.\n\n### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Shibboleth\n\nThis is a word in Hebrew. Its importance in this chapter is because of its sounds, not its meaning. The translator should not translate the meaning of this word, but should transliterate or transfer it into the target language by substituting letters that have the same sounds. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) | |||
| 937 | 12:1 | mp3k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | A call went out to the men of Ephraim | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **call**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The men of Ephraim were called together” or “The men … of Ephraim called together their soldiers” | |
| 938 | 12:1 | ubq3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Zaphon | 0 | This is the name of a city. | |
| 939 | 12:1 | hh1l | passed through … pass through | 0 | or “traveled through … travel” or “journeyed through … journey” | ||
| 940 | 12:1 | lt7l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | We will burn your house down over you | 0 | This idiom means to burn down a house with people inside it. Alternate translation: “We will burn your house down with you still in it” | |
| 941 | 12:2 | fsb1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you | When I called you, you | 0 | Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Ephraim. | |
| 942 | 12:2 | nxf4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | did not rescue me | 0 | Jephthah uses the word “me” to refer to himself and all the people of Gilead. Alternate translation: “do not rescue us” | |
| 943 | 12:3 | s3v2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you | you did not rescue me | 0 | The word “you” is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says “me.” Alternate translation: “you did not rescue us” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 944 | 12:3 | zev7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | I put my life in my own hand | 0 | This is an idiom which means to risk one’s life and to rely only on one’s own strength. Jephthah continues to refer to the people of Gilead as himself. Alternate translation: “We risked our lives, relying on our own strength” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 945 | 12:3 | u5y7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | Yahweh gave me victory | 0 | Jephthah is referring to Yahweh giving the men of Gilead victory over the Ammonites. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave us victory over them” or “Yahweh allowed us to defeat them in battle” | |
| 946 | 12:3 | uje8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you | Why have you come to fight against me | 0 | The word “you” is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says “me.” Alternate translation: “Why have you come to fight against us” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 947 | 12:3 | nt4r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | passed through against the people of Ammon | 0 | This means that they fought against the Ammonites as they passed through Ammon. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “fought against the people of Ammon as we passed through their region” | |
| 948 | 12:4 | by47 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | he fought against Ephraim | 0 | The word “he” refers to Jephthah and all the fighting men of Gilead. Alternate translation: “they fought against Ephraim” | |
| 949 | 12:4 | y6zx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | You Gileadites are fugitives | 0 | You can make the meaning of this insult explicit. Alternate translation: “You Gileadites do not really belong here. You are just people who came here to live” | |
| 950 | 12:4 | p9f2 | Gileadites | 0 | people from Gilead | ||
| 951 | 12:4 | h3vl | in Ephraim—in Ephraim and Manasseh | 0 | “in the regions of Ephraim and Manasseh” or “in the land of Ephraim and Manasseh.” Here “Ephraim” and “Manasseh” refer to regions and are named after the tribes which live there. | ||
| 952 | 12:5 | dcy5 | to Ephraim | 0 | Alternate translation: “to the land of Ephraim” | ||
| 953 | 12:5 | f8sh | The Gileadites captured | 0 | Alternate translation: “The Gileadites controlled” or “The Gileadites occupied” | ||
| 954 | 12:5 | yc1p | fords | 0 | These are places where you can cross the river on foot because the water is shallow. | ||
| 955 | 12:5 | w1cc | Ephraimite | 0 | person from the tribe of Ephraim | ||
| 956 | 12:6 | cee8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate | Shibboleth … Sibboleth | 0 | These words have no meaning. Copy these words into your language, and make sure that the beginning of the words, that is the letters “Sh” and “S” are translated differently. | |
| 957 | 12:6 | uc7k | pronounce the word | 0 | Alternate translation: “make the sound of the word” | ||
| 958 | 12:6 | d82p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | Forty-two thousand | 0 | “42,000” | |
| 959 | 12:6 | c2bb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | Forty-two thousand Ephraimites were killed | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They killed forty-two thousand Ephraimites” | |
| 960 | 12:7 | v8rv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | Jephthah the Gileadite died and was buried | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jephthah the Gileadite died and they buried him” | |
| 961 | 12:8 | ha85 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Ibzan of Bethlehem | 0 | This is the name of a man from Bethlehem. | |
| 962 | 12:9 | d515 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | He gave away thirty daughters in marriage | 0 | Here “give away … in marriage” is an idiom which means that he allowed his daughters to get married. Alternate translation: “He had thirty daughters and arranged a marriage for each of them” | |
| 963 | 12:9 | r2m9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | he brought in thirty daughters of other men for his sons, from the outside | 0 | The idiom “bring them in from the outside” means that he had women from other clans marry his sons. Alternate translation: “he arranged for thirty daughters of other men from outside of his clan to marry his sons” | |
| 964 | 12:10 | jbg6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | was buried at Bethlehem | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him in Bethlehem” | |
| 965 | 12:11 | k8nx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Elon | 0 | This is the name of a man. | |
| 966 | 12:11 | jl6e | Zebulunite | 0 | someone from the tribe of Zebulun | ||
| 967 | 12:12 | dn79 | Aijalon | 0 | Translate the name of this place the same way you did in [Judges 1:35](../01/35.md). | ||
| 968 | 12:12 | dzh4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | was buried in Aijalon | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him in Aijalon” | |
| 969 | 12:13 | x9gz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Abdon … Hillel | 0 | These are the names of men. | |
| 970 | 12:13 | z3n6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Pirathon | 0 | This is the name of a city. | |
| 971 | 12:14 | n7k2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | They rode on seventy donkeys | 0 | These men owned seventy donkeys, which they did ride. Here the word “rode” is used instead of “owned.” Alternate translation: “They owned seventy donkeys” | |
| 972 | 12:14 | ua8s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | forty sons … thirty grandsons … seventy donkeys | 0 | “40 sons … 30 grandsons … 70 donkeys | |
| 973 | 12:15 | wqm2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Pirathonite … Pirathon | 0 | Pirathon is the name of a place, someone who is from that place is called a Pirathonite. | |
| 974 | 13:intro | eu67 | 0 | # Judges 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the account of Samson ([Judges 13–16](./01.md)).\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Warning not to cut his hair\n\nThe angel of the Lord prophesied about Samson and gave instructions to Samson’s mother. Samson’s mother was to offer up her son under a Nazarite vow. This was a special type of vow, dedicating Samson to Yahweh. Part of this vow prohibited the cutting of the person’s hair. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]]) | |||
| 975 | 13:1 | acr5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | what was evil in the sight of Yahweh | 0 | The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” | |
| 976 | 13:1 | g29r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | he gave them into the hand of the Philistines | 0 | Here “hand” refers to power to gain victory in battle. Alternate translation: “he allowed the Philistines to defeat them” or “he allowed them to be oppressed by the Philistines” | |
| 977 | 13:1 | jxd2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | forty years | 0 | “40 years” | |
| 978 | 13:2 | y3dj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Zorah | 0 | This was the name of a town in Israel. It was in the region of Judah near the border of Dan. | |
| 979 | 13:2 | l3wl | Danites | 0 | people from the tribe of Dan | ||
| 980 | 13:2 | v9vw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Manoah | 0 | This is the name of a man. | |
| 981 | 13:3 | a36u | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | give birth to a son | 0 | This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bear a son” or “have a baby boy” | |
| 982 | 13:4 | nfl8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | anything unclean | 0 | Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. | |
| 983 | 13:5 | q3p1 | Look | 0 | Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen” | ||
| 984 | 13:5 | wb3h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | No razor will be used upon his head | 0 | Here the word “head” refers to his hair. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one should ever cut his hair” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 985 | 13:5 | lb1d | razor | 0 | a sharp knife used to cut hair close to the skin | ||
| 986 | 13:5 | vq8h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | a Nazirite to God | 0 | This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” | |
| 987 | 13:5 | zui7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | from the womb | 0 | Here the word “womb” refers to the time before the child is born. Alternate translation: “from before he is born” | |
| 988 | 13:6 | djg9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | A man of God | 0 | This means that the man was sent by God. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “A man that God sent” | |
| 989 | 13:6 | w3z3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | his appearance was like that of an angel of God, very terrible | 0 | Here “terrible” means “frightening.” Alternate translation: “I was very afraid of him because he looked like an angel of God” | |
| 990 | 13:7 | n53c | Look | 0 | Alternate translation: “Pay attention” or “Listen” | ||
| 991 | 13:7 | p1sr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | give birth to a son | 0 | This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bear a son” or “have a baby boy” | |
| 992 | 13:7 | s1qy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | any food that the law declares to be unclean | 0 | Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. | |
| 993 | 13:7 | pd9a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | a Nazirite to God | 0 | This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:5](../03/05.md). Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” | |
| 994 | 13:7 | xct1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism | from the time he is in your womb until the day of his death | 0 | This emphasizes that it would be for his entire life. Alternate translation: “all his life” | |
| 995 | 13:8 | nb4i | Manoah | 0 | See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md). | ||
| 996 | 13:9 | m96n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | came to the woman | 0 | You can make explicit the implicit meaning of the author’s words. Alternate translation: “came to Manoah’s wife” | |
| 997 | 13:10 | me6y | Look | 0 | Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” | ||
| 998 | 13:10 | snn4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | The man | 0 | This refers to the angel of God in [Judges 13:3](../13/03.md). This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the man of God” | |
| 999 | 13:12 | gti5 | your words | 0 | Alternate translation: “what you have said” | ||
| 1000 | 13:14 | u67r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | anything that comes from the vines | 0 | Here the angel refers to any food that grow on a vine as “coming” from the vine. Alternate translation: “anything that grows on a vine” | |
| 1001 | 13:14 | f8vu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | unclean | 0 | Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 13:7](../13/07.md). | |
| 1002 | 13:15 | aw65 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | prepare a young goat for you | 0 | You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Manoah’s statement. Alternate translation: “cook a young goat for you to eat” | |
| 1003 | 13:17 | ut4y | your words come true | 0 | Alternate translation: “what you have said comes true” | ||
| 1004 | 13:18 | dsd7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Why do you ask my name? | 0 | The angel asks this question as a rebuke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not ask me what my name is.” | |
| 1005 | 13:18 | rr96 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | It is wonderful | 0 | It may be helpful to explain more explicitly why they should not ask his name. Alternate translation: “It is too wonderful for you to understand” | |
| 1006 | 13:19 | lw91 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | with the grain offering | 0 | This law requires a grain offering to be offered when a burnt offering is made. Alternate translation: “with the grain offering required with it” or “with the grain offering to accompany it” | |
| 1007 | 13:19 | d2km | on the rock | 0 | “on the altar.” The altar Manoah sacrificed the offering on was a rock. | ||
| 1008 | 13:19 | pqv4 | He did something | 0 | Alternate translation: “The angel did something” | ||
| 1009 | 13:20 | s8h8 | the angel of Yahweh went up in the flame of the altar | 0 | Alternate translation: “the angel of Yahweh went back up into heaven through the flames on the altar” | ||
| 1010 | 13:20 | g2fz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction | lay facedown on the ground | 0 | “lay with their faces to the ground.” This is a sign of respect and honor, but it also shows their fear of Yahweh. | |
| 1011 | 13:21 | yi5q | that he was the angel of Yahweh | 0 | The word “he” refers to the man who Manoah and his wife had seen. | ||
| 1012 | 13:22 | f9uz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | We are sure to die, because we have seen God | 0 | It is implied that they think God will cause them to die. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “God will cause us to die because we have seen him” | |
| 1013 | 13:23 | u22x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | He would not have shown us all these things, nor at this time would he have let us hear such things | 0 | Manoah’s wife said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “He would not have told us what he wanted us to do” | |
| 1014 | 13:24 | n565 | the woman | 0 | Alternate translation: “Manoah’s wife” | ||
| 1015 | 13:24 | lz2q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | gave birth to a son | 0 | This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bore a son” or “had a baby boy” | |
| 1016 | 13:24 | ht9i | grew up | 0 | Alternate translation: “became an adult” or “matured” | ||
| 1017 | 13:25 | hmc1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Yahweh’s Spirit began to stir him | 0 | Here the way Yahweh’s Spirit influences Samson is compared to the way a spoon stirs food in a pot. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s Spirit began to influence Samson” | |
| 1018 | 13:25 | wnc2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Mahaneh Dan … Eshtaol | 0 | Mahaneh Dan is the name of a temporary camp that the tribe of Dan lived in while they looked for a permanent home. Eshtaol is the name of a town. | |
| 1019 | 13:25 | x4d3 | Zorah | 0 | Translate the name of this town the same way you did in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md). | ||
| 1020 | 14:intro | cl2d | 0 | # Judges 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Samson continues in this chapter.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:14, 18.\n\n### Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Intermarriage\n\nIt was considered sinful for an Israel to marry a Canaanite or anyone from a different people group. This is why Samson’s parents did not want him to marry a Philistine woman. They use rhetorical questions to convince him that he is sinning. This woman caused Samson many problems. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |||
| 1021 | 14:1 | bwa3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Samson went down to Timnah | 0 | The phrase “went down” is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his father’s house was. Timah is the name of a city in the Sorek Valley. | |
| 1022 | 14:2 | b9h1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | Now get her for me to be my wife | 0 | This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine woman’s parents about marriage. Alternate translation: “Now arrange for her to become my wife” or “Make the arrangements for me to marry her” | |
| 1023 | 14:3 | lcb9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Is there not a woman among the daughters of your relatives, or among all our people? | 0 | They ask this question to suggest that they could find Samson a wife among their own people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely there are women among your people whom you could marry.” | |
| 1024 | 14:3 | x278 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism | the daughters of your relatives | 0 | The word “daughter” is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. Alternate translation: “one of the unmarried women among your relatives” | |
| 1025 | 14:3 | wj22 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Are you going to take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines? | 0 | This question is asked to rebuke Samson. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind this question as a statement. you could make explicit the reason his parents do not want him to marry a Philistine. Alternate translation: “You really should not marry a Philistine woman because the Philistine people do not worship Yahweh.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1026 | 14:3 | srv6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | Get her for me | 0 | This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine woman’s parents about marriage. Alternate translation: “Now arrange for her to be my wife” | |
| 1027 | 14:3 | r62c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | she pleases me | 0 | This means that Samson thinks she is beautiful. “I am pleased by how beautiful she is” or “she is beautiful” | |
| 1028 | 14:4 | ubq9 | this matter | 0 | This refers to Samson’s request to marry the Philistine woman. | ||
| 1029 | 14:4 | k7hy | for he desired to create a conflict | 0 | The word “he” refers to Yahweh. | ||
| 1030 | 14:5 | d4lt | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Samson went down to Timnah | 0 | Translate the name of this city the same way you did in [Judges 14:1](../14/01.md). | |
| 1031 | 14:5 | szi7 | was roaring at him | 0 | “threatened him.” This is the kind of noise that a lion makes when it threatens to attack something. | ||
| 1032 | 14:6 | m9m5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | Yahweh’s Spirit suddenly came on him | 0 | The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s Spirit made him very strong” | |
| 1033 | 14:6 | ryx9 | tore … apart | 0 | tore into two pieces | ||
| 1034 | 14:7 | s2mj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | she pleased Samson | 0 | This means that he thought she was very beautiful. Alternate translation: “he was pleased by how beautiful she was” or “he thought she was very beautiful” | |
| 1035 | 14:8 | d5v9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | he turned aside | 0 | This means that he left his path to do something. Alternate translation: “he left the path” | |
| 1036 | 14:8 | ude7 | carcass | 0 | dead body | ||
| 1037 | 14:8 | y8ha | swarm | 0 | large group of insects | ||
| 1038 | 14:9 | u3ie | scraped up | 0 | Alternate translation: “gathered up” | ||
| 1039 | 14:10 | ugh2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | the custom of the young men | 0 | It may be helpful to state that this was a marriage custom. Alternate translation: “the custom of young men who were getting married” | |
| 1040 | 14:11 | ff89 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | thirty of their friends | 0 | “30 of their friends” | |
| 1041 | 14:12 | kh6c | riddle | 0 | a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question | ||
| 1042 | 14:12 | a8er | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | can find it out | 0 | This means to figure out the meaning of the riddle. Alternate translation: “can figure out its meaning” | |
| 1043 | 14:12 | fk4t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | thirty linen robes and thirty sets of clothes | 0 | “30 linen robes and 30 sets of clothes” | |
| 1044 | 14:12 | ze1u | linen | 0 | a type of cloth | ||
| 1045 | 14:13 | yu1y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you | But if you cannot tell me | 0 | Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the guests at the feast. | |
| 1046 | 14:14 | z49r | 0 | # General Information:\n\nSamson tells his riddle. Since it is supposed to be hard to understand, do not translate it in a way that people will immediately know what it means. | |||
| 1047 | 14:14 | j8sv | Out of the eater was something to eat | 0 | Alternate translation: “Out of the eater came something to eat” or “Something to eat came out of something that eats” | ||
| 1048 | 14:14 | mcm3 | the eater | 0 | The noun “eater” can be expressed as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the thing that eats” | ||
| 1049 | 14:14 | hsz9 | out of the strong was something sweet | 0 | Alternate translation: “out of the strong came something sweet” or “Something that is sweet came out of something that is strong” | ||
| 1050 | 14:14 | ck4e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the strong | 0 | This refers to something that is strong. Alternate translation: “the strong thing” | |
| 1051 | 14:14 | bdu6 | his guests | 0 | Alternate translation: “the men at his feast” | ||
| 1052 | 14:15 | wrs2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal | the fourth day | 0 | “day 4” | |
| 1053 | 14:15 | w5dc | Trick | 0 | mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do | ||
| 1054 | 14:15 | jx5r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | your father’s house | 0 | This could mean: (1) this refers to the actual house. Alternate translation: “the house your father and his family live in” or (2) “house” refers to the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “your family” | |
| 1055 | 14:15 | t8sh | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | will burn up | 0 | The phrase “burn up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burnt up,” it means that person is burned to death. | |
| 1056 | 14:15 | si25 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Did you invite us here in order to make us poor? | 0 | They ask her this question to accuse her of doing evil. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have brought us here to make us poor!” | |
| 1057 | 14:15 | sg4i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | to make us poor | 0 | They would become poor if they had to buy him new clothes if they could not solve the riddle. Alternate translation: “to make us poor by forcing us to buy him new clothes” | |
| 1058 | 14:16 | hr3k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | All you do is hate me! You do not love me | 0 | Samson’s wife basically said the same thing twice for emphasis. Alternate translation: “You do not really love me at all” | |
| 1059 | 14:16 | d72a | riddle | 0 | a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question | ||
| 1060 | 14:16 | j4gp | Look here | 0 | This is used to get someones attention. Here “look” means to “listen.” Alternate translation: “Listen to me” or “Pay attention to what I am about to say” | ||
| 1061 | 14:16 | zq8z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you? | 0 | Samson was rebuking her for demanding that he tell her the answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have not even told my father or mother. I will not tell you.” or “you should not demand that I tell you, since I have not even told my parents, and they are closer to me than you are.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1062 | 14:17 | ejm7 | during the seven days that their feast lasted | 0 | This could mean: (1) “during the seven days of their feast” or (2) “during the rest of the seven days of their feast.” | ||
| 1063 | 14:17 | rfq6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal | the seventh day | 0 | “day 7” | |
| 1064 | 14:17 | xid1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | she pressured him very much | 0 | Here the word “pressured” means “urged.” Alternate translation: “she kept urging him to tell her” | |
| 1065 | 14:18 | ui6t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | the men of the city | 0 | This refers to Samson’s wife’s relatives. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the young men” or “her relatives” | |
| 1066 | 14:18 | mq6y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal | the seventh day | 0 | “day 7” | |
| 1067 | 14:18 | vi1z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion? | 0 | This is the answer to the riddle. It may be written as a statement instead of as questions. If necessary it could be made clear how this relates to the riddle by adding more information. Alternate translation: “Honey is sweet and a lion is strong.” or “Honey is sweet and it came out of a lion.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1068 | 14:18 | scv6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | If you had not plowed with my heifer | 0 | Samson compares their using his wife to get the answer to someone using another person’s heifer to plow his field. Alternate translation: “If you had not used my wife” | |
| 1069 | 14:18 | cl8w | plowed | 0 | To plow is to use an animal to pull a blade through soil to prepare the soil for seeds. | ||
| 1070 | 14:19 | m2gz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | came on Samson with power | 0 | The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “made Samson very strong” or “made Samson very powerful” | |
| 1071 | 14:19 | ht3c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | killed thirty of their men | 0 | “killed 30 of their men” - | |
| 1072 | 14:19 | kc4e | their men | 0 | Alternate translation: “the men who lived there” | ||
| 1073 | 14:19 | u2u5 | plunder | 0 | things taken by force, usually after a fight or battle | ||
| 1074 | 14:19 | axx7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | their clothes | 0 | These were from the plunder he had taken from Ashkelon. Alternate translation: “the sets of clothing that he had taken” | |
| 1075 | 14:19 | ym43 | Burning with anger | 0 | Alternate translation: “Very angry” | ||
| 1076 | 14:19 | d5ji | went up to his father’s house | 0 | The phrase “went up” is used here because Samson was at Timnah which is lower in elevation than where his father’s house is located. | ||
| 1077 | 14:20 | hb14 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | Samson’s wife was given to his best friend | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his wife’s father gave her to his best friend” | |
| 1078 | 14:20 | ibt7 | best friend | 0 | Alternate translation: “closest friend” | ||
| 1079 | 15:intro | dn16 | 0 | # Judges 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Samson continues in this chapter.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:16.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Samson’s strength\n\nThe Spirit of Yahweh rushed upon Samson. This meant God gave Samson extraordinary strength. Samson’s power is the power of Yahweh himself and he enacted the judgment of God on the Philistines. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) | |||
| 1080 | 15:1 | gn7w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | He said to himself | 0 | This refers to thinking. Alternate translation: “He thought to himself” | |
| 1081 | 15:1 | n6ml | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | I will go to my wife’s room | 0 | Samson intended to sleep with his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will go to my wife’s room, so we may sleep together” | |
| 1082 | 15:1 | hmg4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | would not allow him to go in | 0 | The phrase “her room” is understood from what Samson said to himself. It can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “would not permit him to go into her room” | |
| 1083 | 15:2 | f2qk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | so I gave her to your friend | 0 | This means that he gave her to be his friend’s wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “so I gave her to be married to your friend” | |
| 1084 | 15:2 | pn1a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | is she not? | 0 | He asks this question to imply that Samson should agree with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I hope you agree.” | |
| 1085 | 15:2 | ruf2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | Take her instead | 0 | He is suggesting that Samson take her as his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Take her to be your wife instead” | |
| 1086 | 15:3 | b19a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | I will be innocent in regard to the Philistines when I hurt them | 0 | Samson thinks that he will be innocent if he attacks the Philistines because they wronged him. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will be innocent if I hurt the Philistines because they have wronged me” | |
| 1087 | 15:4 | vl3y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | three hundred foxes | 0 | “300 foxes” | |
| 1088 | 15:4 | bxn9 | foxes | 0 | Foxes are animals like dogs that have long tails and that eat nesting birds and other small animals. | ||
| 1089 | 15:4 | g4ms | each pair | 0 | a pair is two of anything, such as two foxes, or two tails | ||
| 1090 | 15:4 | l3z7 | tail to tail | 0 | Alternate translation: “by their tails” | ||
| 1091 | 15:4 | b6p3 | torches | 0 | A torch is a stick of wood with something flammable attached to one end; a torch is often used to light other things or to be carried for light. | ||
| 1092 | 15:5 | p7mc | standing grain | 0 | grain that is still growing on its stalk in the field | ||
| 1093 | 15:5 | i6qn | stacked grain | 0 | the stalks of grain collected in piles after it has been harvested | ||
| 1094 | 15:5 | a7kw | orchards | 0 | An orchard is a place where fruit trees are grown. | ||
| 1095 | 15:6 | mns7 | the Timnite’s son-in-law | 0 | The husband of a man’s daughter is a “son-in-law.” | ||
| 1096 | 15:6 | r78s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Timnite | 0 | This is a person from Timnah. | |
| 1097 | 15:6 | uk9a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | took Samson’s wife and gave her to his friend | 0 | Samson’s wife’s father gave her in marriage to Samson’s friend. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “took Samson’s wife and allowed her to marry Samson’s friend” | |
| 1098 | 15:6 | hz8u | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | burned up | 0 | The phrase “burned up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burned up,” it means that person is burned to death. | |
| 1099 | 15:7 | sj8e | said to them | 0 | Alternate translation: “said to the Philistines” | ||
| 1100 | 15:7 | k4eu | If this is what you do | 0 | Alternate translation: “Because you have done this.” | ||
| 1101 | 15:8 | x42b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | he cut them to pieces, hip and thigh | 0 | Here “hip and thigh” refers to the whole body. This is a graphic description of how Samson killed the Philistines. Alternate translation: “He cut their bodies to pieces” | |
| 1102 | 15:8 | xk3p | cave | 0 | an opening in a hill or mountainside | ||
| 1103 | 15:8 | yl63 | cliff | 0 | a high, rocky hill or mountainside | ||
| 1104 | 15:8 | b6rw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Etam | 0 | This is the name of the rocky hill country near Jerusalem. | |
| 1105 | 15:9 | g7cb | the Philistines came up … in Judah | 0 | The phrase “came up” is used here because the Philistines went to Judah which is higher in elevation than where they traveled from. | ||
| 1106 | 15:9 | fkh2 | prepared for battle | 0 | Alternate translation: “organized themselves for battle” | ||
| 1107 | 15:9 | v6jw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Lehi | 0 | This is the name of a town in Judah. | |
| 1108 | 15:10 | ut2q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | do to him as he has done to us | 0 | The Philistines are comparing how they want to kill Samson to how he killed many of the Philistines. Alternate translation: “kill him like he killed many of our people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1109 | 15:11 | y64p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | three thousand men of Judah | 0 | “3,000 men of Judah” | |
| 1110 | 15:11 | ji18 | cave in the cliff of Etam | 0 | See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 15:8](../15/08.md). | ||
| 1111 | 15:11 | k7fw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Do you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us? What is this you have done to us? | 0 | The men of Judah ask Samson these questions to rebuke him. This questions may be written as a statements. Alternate translation: “You know that the Philistines are rulers over us but you act like they are not. What you have done has caused us great harm.” | |
| 1112 | 15:11 | td2d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | They did to me, and so I have done to them | 0 | Samson is referring to how they killed his wife and how he killed them in revenge. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “They killed my wife, so I killed them” | |
| 1113 | 15:12 | a6ty | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the hands of the Philistines | 0 | Here “hands” refers to power. Alternate translation: “the Philistine’s control” | |
| 1114 | 15:13 | nz1k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | hand you over to them | 0 | This means to cause someone to be under someone else’s control. Alternate translation: “give you to the Philistines” | |
| 1115 | 15:13 | m8g6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | up from the rock | 0 | This refers to the cave in the cliff of Etam where Samson had gone in [Judges 15:8](../15/08.md). Here the words “up from” mean that they had brought him away from the cave. Alternate translation: “away from the cave in the large rock” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1116 | 15:14 | dr4z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | When he came | 0 | Samson was not travelling alone, he was being led by the men who had tied him with ropes. Alternate translation: “When they came” | |
| 1117 | 15:14 | xp7l | Lehi | 0 | This is the name of a town in Judah. See how you translated this in [Judges 15:9](../15/09.md). | ||
| 1118 | 15:14 | w48h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | came on him with power | 0 | The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “made Samson very strong” | |
| 1119 | 15:14 | nue5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | The ropes on his arms became like burnt flax | 0 | Samson easily broken the ropes that bound his hands. The author describes how easily he broke the ropes by saying it was as if they had become burnt flax. Alternate translation: “He snapped the ropes on his arms as easily as if they had been stalks of burned flax” | |
| 1120 | 15:14 | d1fe | flax | 0 | fibers from the flax plant used for making threads and cloth | ||
| 1121 | 15:15 | w6nt | a fresh jawbone | 0 | This means that the donkey had died very recently and its bones had not yet begun to decay. A jawbone is the bone in which the lower rows of teeth are set. | ||
| 1122 | 15:15 | nb59 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | a thousand men | 0 | “1,000 men” | |
| 1123 | 15:16 | dzp6 | the jawbone of a donkey | 0 | Alternate translation: “a donkey’s jawbone” | ||
| 1124 | 15:16 | dm4v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | heaps upon heaps | 0 | This phrase describes how many people Samson killed. There were enough bodies to make large piles of bodies. Alternate translation: “I have made heaps of dead bodies” | |
| 1125 | 15:17 | ra2d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Ramath Lehi | 0 | This is the name of a place. It’s name means “Jawbone Hill” | |
| 1126 | 15:18 | ta26 | was very thirsty | 0 | Alternate translation: “needed water to drink” | ||
| 1127 | 15:18 | t3wx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole | But now will I die of thirst and fall into … uncircumcised? | 0 | This could mean: (1) Samson is so thirsty he could literally die. Alternate translation: “But now I will die of thirst and my body will fall into … uncircumcised.” or (2) Samson exaggerates how thirsty he is by asking if he will die of thirst. Alternate translation: “But now will you allow me to become so weak from my thirst that I fall into … uncircumcised?” | |
| 1128 | 15:18 | h9yr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | die of thirst | 0 | This means to die because you have not drank enough and therefore, you do not have enough water in your body. | |
| 1129 | 15:18 | u4x9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | fall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised | 0 | The phrase “fall into the hands” means to be captured. “Those who are uncircumcised” refers to the Philistines and with the word “uncircumcised” emphasizing that they do not worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “be captured by those godless Philistines” | |
| 1130 | 15:19 | c7pf | split open the hollow place | 0 | “opened a hole in the ground” or “opened the low place.” This refers to a low area of ground where Yahweh caused a spring of water to appear. | ||
| 1131 | 15:19 | c776 | Lehi | 0 | See how you translated this in [Judges 15:9](../15/09.md) | ||
| 1132 | 15:19 | rty1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | his strength returned and he revived | 0 | These two phrase mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Samson became strong again. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “he became strong again” or “he was revived” | |
| 1133 | 15:19 | r7ji | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | En Hakkore | 0 | This is the name of a spring of water. The name means “spring of him who prayed.” | |
| 1134 | 15:19 | k47v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | it is at Lehi to this day | 0 | This means that the spring did not dry up but that it remained. The phrase “to this day” refers to the “present” time. Alternate translation: “the spring can still be found at Lehi, even today” | |
| 1135 | 15:20 | ru29 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | in the days of the Philistines | 0 | This refers to the time period that the Philistines controlled the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “during the time the Philistines controlled Israel” | |
| 1136 | 15:20 | l52v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | for twenty years | 0 | “for 20 years” | |
| 1137 | 16:intro | u81n | 0 | # Judges 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe account of Samson concludes in this chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Samson’s mistake\n\nSamson mistakenly thought that he was the source of his strength. He did not realize that Yahweh had left him and without Yahweh, he had no strength. This was not Samson’s only mistake. His foreign wife created most of his problems. | |||
| 1138 | 16:1 | l289 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism | he went to bed with her | 0 | The phrase “went to bed with” is a polite way of referring to having sex. Alternate translation: “he had sex with her” or “he slept with her” | |
| 1139 | 16:2 | j859 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | The Gazites were told | 0 | The word “Gazites” refers to people from Gaza. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told the people of Gaza” | |
| 1140 | 16:2 | fyj2 | The Gazites surrounded the place … they waited for him all night at the city gate | 0 | This implies that some Gazites surrounded the place where Samson was staying and others waited at the city gate so that he could not leave. | ||
| 1141 | 16:2 | lsy6 | They kept silent all night | 0 | This could mean: (1) “They did not make any noise all night” or (2) “They made no attempt to attack him all night.” | ||
| 1142 | 16:3 | iye2 | until midnight | 0 | Alternate translation: “until the middle of the night” | ||
| 1143 | 16:3 | fv5x | its two posts | 0 | These are supports for the city gate. These posts were probably made from tree trunks and were buried deep into the ground. The doors of the city gate were attached to these posts. | ||
| 1144 | 16:3 | c2m4 | bar and all | 0 | The bar was probably a heavy rod of iron that connected the gate to the posts. The doors of the city gate were probably made of heavy wooden beams or iron bars. | ||
| 1145 | 16:3 | m4dx | shoulders | 0 | the part of the human body where the arms and the neck attach to the body | ||
| 1146 | 16:3 | yq6t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Hebron | 0 | This is the name of a city. | |
| 1147 | 16:4 | itb4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Valley of Sorek | 0 | This is the name of a valley near Samson’s home. | |
| 1148 | 16:5 | c6wz | Trick | 0 | to mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do | ||
| 1149 | 16:5 | x4w2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | to see | 0 | This is an idiom that means to learn something. Alternate translation: “to understand” or “to learn” | |
| 1150 | 16:5 | vq28 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | where his great strength lies | 0 | This is an idiom that refers to where his strength comes from. Alternate translation: “what causes him to be very strong” | |
| 1151 | 16:5 | y38x | by what means we may overpower him | 0 | Alternate translation: “how we might overpower him””” | ||
| 1152 | 16:5 | g3bg | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | 1,100 pieces of silver | 0 | “one thousand one hundred pieces of silver.” | |
| 1153 | 16:6 | r4hy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | bind you, so you might be controlled | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “bind you to control you” or “bind you to restrain you” | |
| 1154 | 16:7 | ae1p | fresh bowstrings | 0 | Bowstrings were often made from parts of an animal, often from the tendons. The words “fresh bowstrings” refer to those that come from a freshly slaughtered animal that have not yet dried. | ||
| 1155 | 16:7 | z8ml | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | that have not been dried | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that have not yet dried” or “that are not dry yet” | |
| 1156 | 16:8 | xv64 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | that had not been dried | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that had not yet dried” or “that were not dry yet” | |
| 1157 | 16:8 | xt1g | she tied Samson up with them | 0 | Alternate translation: “Delilah tied Samson up with the fresh bowstrings” | ||
| 1158 | 16:9 | n6px | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | Now | 0 | This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells background information about Philistine men that Delilah had waiting to capture Samson. | |
| 1159 | 16:9 | by3q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | The Philistines are upon you | 0 | The phrase “upon you” means that they are ready to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” | |
| 1160 | 16:9 | sy3a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | he broke the bowstrings like a thread of yarn when it touches the fire | 0 | The author describes how easily he broke the bowstrings by comparing them to how yarn breaks when it is burned. Alternate translation: “he broke the bowstrings as easily as if he were breaking burned yarn” or “he broke the bowstrings as easily as if they were made of thin yarn” | |
| 1161 | 16:10 | x2km | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | This is how you have deceived me and told me lies. | 0 | Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. Alternate translation: “You have greatly deceived me!” | |
| 1162 | 16:10 | e5iw | you can be overpowered | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people can overpower you” | ||
| 1163 | 16:12 | vpr3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | The Philistines are upon you | 0 | The phrase “upon you” means that they are there to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” | |
| 1164 | 16:12 | rnx9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | lying in wait | 0 | This means that they were hiding and waiting for the right moment to attack. Alternate translation: “waiting to attack him” | |
| 1165 | 16:12 | j7zp | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | like they were a piece of thread | 0 | The author describes how easily Samson broke the ropes by comparing it to him breaking a piece of thread. Alternate translation: “as easily as if they were only a piece of thread” | |
| 1166 | 16:13 | hg41 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | you have deceived me and told me lies | 0 | Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. Alternate translation: “you have greatly deceived me” | |
| 1167 | 16:13 | t97z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | you may be overpowered | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people can overpower you” | |
| 1168 | 16:13 | s6f3 | weave | 0 | crossing pieces of material together so they hold each other in place | ||
| 1169 | 16:13 | h8x3 | locks of my hair | 0 | small bunches of hair | ||
| 1170 | 16:13 | c2e8 | fabric | 0 | cloth made from weaving material together | ||
| 1171 | 16:13 | wv5v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | loom | 0 | a machine used for combining many threads of material into a cloth | |
| 1172 | 16:13 | gkr7 | then nail that to the loom | 0 | Alternate translation: “then nail the fabric to the loom” | ||
| 1173 | 16:13 | pn2m | nail | 0 | to hammer a nail in order to hold something in one place | ||
| 1174 | 16:13 | w58a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | I will be like any other man | 0 | The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will be as weak as any other man” | |
| 1175 | 16:14 | h61l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | The Philistines are upon you | 0 | The phrase “upon you” means that they are there to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” | |
| 1176 | 16:14 | k9fi | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | he pulled out the fabric and the pin from the loom | 0 | Samson pulled out the fabric from the loom when he pulled his hair away from the loom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “pulled away his hair, taking with it the pin of the loom and the fabric in the loom” | |
| 1177 | 16:14 | lc6p | the pin | 0 | This is the wooden nail or peg used to fasten the fabric to the loom. | ||
| 1178 | 16:15 | zzt1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | How can you say, ‘I love you,’ when you do not share your secrets with me? | 0 | Delilah asks this question to say that if Samson really loved her he would tell her his secrets. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “When you say ‘I love you,’ you are lying because you do not share your secrets with me.” | |
| 1179 | 16:16 | s5ui | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | pressed him hard … pressured him | 0 | Here the author speaks of how Delilah tries to persuade Samson as if she were putting pressure on him to convince him to tell her what she wants to know. Alternate translation: “tried hard to persuade him … kept trying to persuade him” | |
| 1180 | 16:16 | imn2 | with her words | 0 | Alternate translation: “by what she said to him” | ||
| 1181 | 16:16 | iqa6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole | that he wished he would die | 0 | The author used a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize how miserable Sampson felt. Alternate translation: “that he was completely miserable” or “that he was very unhappy” | |
| 1182 | 16:17 | c8q9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | told her everything | 0 | everything about the source of his strength. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “told her the source of his strength” or “told her the truth” | |
| 1183 | 16:17 | y8xz | razor | 0 | a sharp blade used to cut hair close to a person’s skin | ||
| 1184 | 16:17 | z2nf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | a Nazirite for God | 0 | This means that he is devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 13:5](../13/05.md). Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” | |
| 1185 | 16:17 | fhm4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | from my mother’s womb | 0 | Here “from my mother’s womb” refers to when he was born. This means that he has been a Nazirite since he was born. Alternate translation: “my entire life” | |
| 1186 | 16:17 | t2us | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | If my head is shaved | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If someone shaves my head” | |
| 1187 | 16:17 | seg5 | shaved | 0 | to have had the hair cut close to the skin with a razor | ||
| 1188 | 16:17 | iq1l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | my strength will leave me | 0 | Samson speaks about his strength as if it were a person who could leave him. Alternate translation: “I will not be strong any more” | |
| 1189 | 16:18 | m9zg | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | Delilah saw | 0 | Here the word “saw” is a idiom that means to realize something. Alternate translation: “Delilah realized” or “Delilah learned” | |
| 1190 | 16:18 | z2eu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | the truth about everything | 0 | Here the word “everything” refers to everything about why Samson was strong. Alternate translation: “the truth about why he is strong” | |
| 1191 | 16:18 | x4mm | Come up again | 0 | Delilah is telling the rulers to come again to where she lives. Her home is likely at a higher elevation than where the rulers would be travelling from. | ||
| 1192 | 16:18 | ipi8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | bringing the silver in their hands | 0 | This means that they brought to her the silver that they had promised to give her if she helped them capture Samson. Alternate translation: “bringing the silver that they had promised to give her” | |
| 1193 | 16:19 | h2jg | She had him fall asleep | 0 | Alternate translation: “She caused him to fall asleep” | ||
| 1194 | 16:19 | x4y8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | in her lap | 0 | This means that he slept with his head on her lap. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “with his head on her lap” | |
| 1195 | 16:19 | gjg3 | lap | 0 | The lap is the level area of the upper legs when a person is sitting down. | ||
| 1196 | 16:19 | vai4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | the seven locks of his head | 0 | Samson had seven locks of hair on his head. Locks are small bunches of hair. Here his locks of hair are described as “belonging” to his head. Alternate translation: “the seven locks of hair on his head” | |
| 1197 | 16:19 | w8dj | subdue him | 0 | Alternate translation: “control him” | ||
| 1198 | 16:19 | qt31 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | his strength had left him | 0 | Here Samson’s strength is described as if it were a person who could leave him. Alternate translation: “his strength was gone” or “he was no longer strong” | |
| 1199 | 16:20 | e9dj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | The Philistines are upon you | 0 | The phrase “upon you” means that they are ready to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” | |
| 1200 | 16:20 | jt7e | woke up | 0 | Alternate translation: “awakened” | ||
| 1201 | 16:20 | n31e | get out | 0 | Alternate translation: “escape” | ||
| 1202 | 16:20 | n47x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | But he did not know that Yahweh had left him | 0 | It is implied that if Yahweh left Samson, he would no longer be strong. Alternate translation: “But he did not know that Yahweh had left him and that he would not be strong enough to defeat the Philistines” | |
| 1203 | 16:21 | ve9n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | put out his eyes | 0 | This means that they removed his eyes from his head. Alternate translation: “removed his eyes” | |
| 1204 | 16:21 | z2vv | down to Gaza | 0 | The phrase “down to” is used here because they brought Samson to Gaza which is lower in elevation than his home where they captured him. | ||
| 1205 | 16:21 | t7gr | bound him with bronze shackles | 0 | Alternate translation: “chained him with bronze shackles” or “tied him up using bronze shackles” | ||
| 1206 | 16:21 | t1sq | shackles | 0 | locks on the end of chains that hold a prisoner at his feet or hands, or both | ||
| 1207 | 16:21 | mn74 | turned the millstone | 0 | Alternate translation: “pulled the millstone around in a circle” | ||
| 1208 | 16:21 | ujq1 | millstone | 0 | This is a very large, heavy, circular stone. Normally, a large animal pulls the millstone around in a circle to crush grain. Here the Philistines humiliate Samson by making him pull it. | ||
| 1209 | 16:22 | ru6p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | after it had been shaved | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after the Philistines had shaved it” | |
| 1210 | 16:23 | b13v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Dagon | 0 | a major false god of the Philistines | |
| 1211 | 16:23 | p125 | has conquered | 0 | Alternate translation: “has defeated” | ||
| 1212 | 16:23 | ekg1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | put him in our grasp | 0 | Here the author speak of Samson being under the rulers’ control as if he were something grasped tightly by their hands. Alternate translation: “put him under our control” | |
| 1213 | 16:24 | ums1 | the destroyer of our country | 0 | This refers to Samson. The word “destroyer” can be expressed with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “the man who has destroyed our country” | ||
| 1214 | 16:24 | y4qk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | who killed many of us | 0 | Here the word “us” refers to the Philistine people. Those who are talking are not counting themselves among the people whom Samson killed. Alternate translation: “who killed many of our people” | |
| 1215 | 16:25 | hiy5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | Call for Samson … They called for Samson | 0 | Since Samson was a prisoner, he would not be called directly, but rather the people were asking for the men in charge of the prison to bring him to them. Alternate translation: “Call for them to bring out Samson … They brought Samson” | |
| 1216 | 16:26 | b8yg | the boy | 0 | “the young man” This was not a young child, but rather a youth. | ||
| 1217 | 16:26 | d2gs | Permit me to touch the pillars on which the building rests | 0 | Alternate translation: “Allow me to touch the pillars which hold up the building” | ||
| 1218 | 16:27 | fx8p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | Now | 0 | This word is used here to mark a break in the main story while the writer tells background information. | |
| 1219 | 16:27 | cp19 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | three thousand men and women | 0 | “3,000 men and women” | |
| 1220 | 16:27 | l6hc | looking on | 0 | Alternate translation: “watching” | ||
| 1221 | 16:27 | ulj6 | while Samson was entertaining them | 0 | It is unclear what Samson did to entertain them. It seems the Philistines were making him do things that would humiliate him so that they could make fun of him. | ||
| 1222 | 16:28 | n4yh | called to Yahweh | 0 | Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh” | ||
| 1223 | 16:28 | ypq4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | call me to mind | 0 | This means to remember him and his situation. Alternate translation: “remember me” | |
| 1224 | 16:28 | ld69 | only this once | 0 | Alternate translation: “one more time” | ||
| 1225 | 16:28 | f2en | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | in one blow on the Philistines | 0 | This idiom means that he wants to have one more powerful act against the Philistines to get full revenge for what they did to him. Alternate translation: “with one strike against the Philistine” or “in one powerful act against the Philistines” | |
| 1226 | 16:29 | dmd3 | on which the building rested | 0 | Alternate translation: “which held up the building” | ||
| 1227 | 16:30 | mt5g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | He stretched out with his strength | 0 | When Samson stretched out his arms he pushed down the pillars of the building. Alternate translation: “He used his strength to push down the pillars” or “He used his strength to push over the pillars” | |
| 1228 | 16:30 | i5lw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the dead | 0 | This refers to people who are dead. Alternate translation: “the dead people” | |
| 1229 | 16:30 | u7yd | were more | 0 | Alternate translation: “were a greater amount” | ||
| 1230 | 16:31 | rl5r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | all the house of his father | 0 | Here the word “house” refers to his family. Alternate translation: “all of his father’s family” | |
| 1231 | 16:31 | jg6m | came down | 0 | The phrase “came down” is used here because the place that Samson’s family traveled form was higher in elevation than Gaza. | ||
| 1232 | 16:31 | na1k | Zorah … Eshtaol | 0 | See how you translated the names of these places in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md) and [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md). | ||
| 1233 | 16:31 | de6c | in the burial place of Manoah, his father | 0 | Alternate translation: “where his father, Manoah, is buried” | ||
| 1234 | 16:31 | i2d4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Manoah | 0 | See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md). | |
| 1235 | 16:31 | wv8z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | Samson had judged Israel for twenty years | 0 | This same sentence is also in [Judges 15:20](../15/20.md). It is repeated here to remind readers of how long he judged Israel. Alternate translation: “Samson had judged Israel for twenty years before he died” | |
| 1236 | 16:31 | vmv2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | twenty years | 0 | “20 years” | |
| 1237 | 17:intro | c454 | 0 | # Judges 17 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a section explaining how Israel came to have a king.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Idols and figures\n\nAccording to the law of Moses, the Israelites were prohibited from making wooden figures or cast metal idols. This was a form of idolatry. This practice was common in Canaan and it shows the influence the Israelites allowed these people to have on them. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) | |||
| 1238 | 17:1 | rrp1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants | There was a man | 0 | This is a way to introduce a new person to the story line. | |
| 1239 | 17:1 | ke46 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Micah | 0 | This is the name of a man. It is not the same man who wrote the book of Micah. | |
| 1240 | 17:2 | c1x6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | 1,100 pieces | 0 | “one thousand one hundred pieces” | |
| 1241 | 17:2 | k7it | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | that were taken from you | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which someone stole from you” | |
| 1242 | 17:2 | m56x | I stole it | 0 | Alternate translation: “I was the one who took it” | ||
| 1243 | 17:3 | z9j9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | 1,100 pieces | 0 | “one thousand one hundred” | |
| 1244 | 17:3 | p6yd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | set apart | 0 | This means to dedicate something to a specific purpose. Alternate translation: “dedicate” | |
| 1245 | 17:3 | sc6v | cast metal | 0 | metal that has been melted and poured into a mold to form a special shape | ||
| 1246 | 17:3 | ss9u | I restore it to you | 0 | Alternate translation: “I give it back to you” | ||
| 1247 | 17:4 | xsr8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | two hundred pieces of silver | 0 | “200 pieces of silver” | |
| 1248 | 17:4 | r9hl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | they were placed in the house of Micah | 0 | The word “they” refers to the metal figures. This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Micah placed them in his house” | |
| 1249 | 17:5 | f5zy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | a house of idols | 0 | This refers to a house used specifically for worshiping idols. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “a house for worshiping idols” | |
| 1250 | 17:6 | mxx3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | everyone did what was right in his own eyes | 0 | The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “each person did what he decided was right” or “each person did what he judged to be right” | |
| 1251 | 17:7 | z9bc | of Bethlehem | 0 | Alternate translation: “from Bethlehem” | ||
| 1252 | 17:7 | u5wv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | of the clan of Judah | 0 | This means that he was living among the family of Judah, that is, the tribe of Judah. Alternate translation: “who was living among the tribe of Judah” | |
| 1253 | 17:7 | ktm7 | He stayed there to fulfill his duties | 0 | Alternate translation: “He lived and worked there” | ||
| 1254 | 17:8 | pd1z | find a place to live | 0 | Alternate translation: “find a different place to live” | ||
| 1255 | 17:9 | u9x8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | where I might live | 0 | It is implied that he is looking for a place to live and work. Alternate translation: “where I might live and have a job” | |
| 1256 | 17:10 | s5tz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | a father and a priest | 0 | The word “father” is here used in the sense of an advisor, and not to a literal father. Alternate translation: “an advisor and a priest” | |
| 1257 | 17:10 | mw13 | I will give you ten pieces of silver a year | 0 | Alternate translation: “I will give you ten pieces of silver each year” | ||
| 1258 | 17:10 | j73e | a suit of clothes | 0 | Alternate translation: “a set of clothes” | ||
| 1259 | 17:10 | tm7m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | So the Levite went into his house | 0 | It is implied that the Levite accepted Micah’s offer, and therefore, entered Micah’s house. Alternate translation: “So the Levite accepted his offer and went into his house” | |
| 1260 | 17:11 | mvs9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | the young man became to Micah like one of his sons | 0 | The relationship between the Levite and Micah became like the close relationship between a father and son. Alternate translation: “the young man became close to Micah and was like one of his sons” | |
| 1261 | 17:12 | t9an | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | Micah set apart the Levite | 0 | Here “set apart” means that Micah “dedicated” or “ordained” him. Alternate translation: “Micah dedicated the Levite” | |
| 1262 | 17:12 | s6d6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | was in Micah’s house | 0 | Here living in Micah’s house is spoken of as “being” in his house. Alternate translation: “lived in Micah’s house” | |
| 1263 | 18:intro | y2ru | 0 | # Judges 18 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The tribe of Dan\n\nThe tribe of Dan lacked faith in Yahweh and had yet to conquer its inheritance. In this chapter, they begin to conquer their land, but they also started to worship an idol. Their conquering of the land is much different than the other tribes’ victories. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]]) | |||
| 1264 | 18:1 | d1r4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent | In those days | 0 | This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the story line. | |
| 1265 | 18:1 | w9qn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | In those days … from among the tribes of Israel | 0 | This is background information about Israel and the people of the tribe of Dan. | |
| 1266 | 18:1 | g4f2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | not received any inheritance from | 0 | This refers specifically to land inherited where they would live. Alternate translation: “not received a land inheritance from” | |
| 1267 | 18:2 | f83t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | from the whole number of their tribe | 0 | The phrase “the whole number” refers to all of the men in the tribe. Alternate translation: “from among all of the men in their tribe” | |
| 1268 | 18:2 | j6xd | experienced warriors | 0 | Alternate translation: “experienced fighters” | ||
| 1269 | 18:2 | jv96 | Zorah | 0 | See how you translated the name of this town in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md). | ||
| 1270 | 18:2 | cgy7 | Eshtaol | 0 | See how you translated the name of this town in [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md). | ||
| 1271 | 18:2 | wg6e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | to scout the land on foot | 0 | The phrase “on foot” means to walk. Alternate translation: “to scout the land by walking through it” | |
| 1272 | 18:2 | bt98 | Micah | 0 | See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 17:1](../17/01.md). | ||
| 1273 | 18:3 | c2tl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | they recognized the speech of the young Levite | 0 | They recognized the man by the sound of his voice. Here “speech” refers to his “voice.” Alternate translation: “they heard the young Levite talking, and they recognized his voice” | |
| 1274 | 18:7 | i57p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Laish | 0 | This is the name of a city. | |
| 1275 | 18:7 | a8c9 | There was no one who conquered | 0 | Alternate translation: “There were no enemies living in their land who had conquered them” | ||
| 1276 | 18:7 | ch81 | had no dealings with anyone | 0 | “had no contact with any outsiders.” This means they lived far enough away from any other city that they lived secluded from other people. | ||
| 1277 | 18:8 | f5il | Zorah | 0 | Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md). | ||
| 1278 | 18:8 | lih2 | Eshtaol | 0 | Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md). | ||
| 1279 | 18:9 | zpe9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Are you doing nothing? | 0 | This rhetorical question is asked sarcastically and means that they should be doing the opposite. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should be acting now!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
| 1280 | 18:9 | n8um | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives | Do not be slow to attack | 0 | These two negative words “not” and “slow” together emphasize the positive idea to attack quickly. Alternate translation: “Hurry! Attack” | |
| 1281 | 18:10 | r61z | the land is wide | 0 | “the land is large.” This is a description of the size of the land. | ||
| 1282 | 18:10 | ab9j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole | that does not lack anything in the land | 0 | The men use a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that it is a very desirable place to live. Alternate translation: “where we will have everything there that we need” | |
| 1283 | 18:10 | aj2l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives | that does not lack anything | 0 | The two negative words together emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “has everything” | |
| 1284 | 18:11 | b97l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | Six hundred men | 0 | “600 men” | |
| 1285 | 18:12 | z66i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Kiriath Jearim | 0 | This is the name of a town. | |
| 1286 | 18:12 | q4cf | Mahaneh Dan | 0 | Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md). | ||
| 1287 | 18:12 | f453 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | to this day | 0 | This means that something remains the same. It refers to the “present” time. Alternate translation: “and that is still its name” | |
| 1288 | 18:14 | l46p | Laish | 0 | Translate the name of this town the same as you did in [Judges 18:7](../18/07.md). | ||
| 1289 | 18:14 | g3gr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | in these houses there are an ephod, & metal figure? Decide … will do | 0 | The five men asked this question to suggest and encourage the men that they should steal the idols. This can be written as a statement, and the implied information may be given in a parenthetical phrase. Alternate translation: “these houses contain an ephod, … metal figure. (They were suggesting that the men steal these things.) Decide … will do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1290 | 18:14 | g8xi | in these houses there are | 0 | Alternate translation: “in one of these house there is” or “among these houses is” | ||
| 1291 | 18:15 | cx88 | they turned in there | 0 | Alternate translation: “they turned” | ||
| 1292 | 18:15 | tf6m | they greeted him | 0 | The word “him” refers to the Levite. | ||
| 1293 | 18:16 | m84v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | six hundred Danites | 0 | “600 Danites” | |
| 1294 | 18:17 | a6nq | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | six hundred men | 0 | “600 men” | |
| 1295 | 18:19 | fje7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Is it better for you to be priest for the house of one man … a clan in Israel? | 0 | They ask this as a rhetorical question to imply that it is true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is better for you to be priest for a tribe and a clan in Israel than for just the house of one man.” | |
| 1296 | 18:20 | z2bp | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | The priest’s heart was glad | 0 | Here the priest is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions. Alternate translation: “The priest was glad” | |
| 1297 | 18:21 | v31e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | They put the small children in front of themselves | 0 | They traveled this way to protect the children. If Micah and his people attacked them the would reach the warriors first and not the children. Alternate translation: “They put the small children in front of themselves to protect them” | |
| 1298 | 18:21 | t33e | they turned | 0 | Alternate translation: “the Danites turned around” | ||
| 1299 | 18:22 | p9e2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | a good distance | 0 | “some distance.” This refers a short distance but one that is long enough to be considered as measurable progress. | |
| 1300 | 18:22 | l34e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | the men who were in the houses near Micah’s house were called together | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he called together the men who were in the houses near his house” | |
| 1301 | 18:22 | vkf1 | they caught up with the Danites | 0 | This implies that they ran after them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “running after the Danites, they caught up with them” | ||
| 1302 | 18:23 | c2k3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Why have you been called together? | 0 | This question is a rebuke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have called your men together to chase us.” | |
| 1303 | 18:23 | sbb8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | been called together | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “called these men together” | |
| 1304 | 18:24 | dy7i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the gods that I made | 0 | Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them. Alternate translation: “the gods which I had made for me” or “the gods which a craftsman made for me” | |
| 1305 | 18:24 | edz2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | What else do I have left? | 0 | Micah asks this question to emphasize that he no longer has the things that are important to him. Alternate translation: “I have nothing left.” or “You have taken everything that is important to me.” | |
| 1306 | 18:24 | i1v2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | How can you ask me, ‘What is bothering you?’ | 0 | Micah asks this question to emphasize that the Danites definitely know what is bothering him. Alternate translation: “You know that I am greatly distressed!’” or “You know how much I am bothered by what you have done to me!’” | |
| 1307 | 18:25 | yzy3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | let us hear you say anything | 0 | The phrase “us hear you say” refers to the Danites hearing Micah speaking about what had happened, but it also includes if they are told by others that Micah had spoken about what had happened. Alternate translation: “let us find out that you have said anything” or “say anything about this” | |
| 1308 | 18:25 | pgt9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | hear you say anything | 0 | The word “anything” refers to any information about the Danites coming to Micah’s house and stealing his idols. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “hear you say anything about this matter” or “hear you say anything about what has happened” | |
| 1309 | 18:25 | fqe4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | you and your family will be killed | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “kill you and your family” | |
| 1310 | 18:26 | g59x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | went their way | 0 | This means that they continued on their journey. Alternate translation: “continued on their journey” or “continued travelling” | |
| 1311 | 18:26 | v6df | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | they were too strong for him | 0 | This refers to the Danites being too strong for Micah and his men to fight against. Alternate translation: “they were too strong for him and his men to fight” | |
| 1312 | 18:27 | k9py | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | what Micah had made | 0 | Micah did not make his gods, rather a craftsman made them for him. Also, If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the things that had been made for Micah” or “Micah’s things” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1313 | 18:27 | fw33 | Laish | 0 | See how you translated this in [Judges 18:7](../18/07.md). | ||
| 1314 | 18:27 | r1pv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | with the edge of the sword | 0 | “with their swords.” Here “the sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. | |
| 1315 | 18:28 | p5rb | they had no dealings with anyone | 0 | this means they lived far enough away from any other city, that they lived secluded from other people. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 18:7](../18/07.md). | ||
| 1316 | 18:28 | vw28 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Beth Rehob | 0 | This is a name of a town. | |
| 1317 | 18:30 | z23n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | Jonathan son of Gershom, son of Moses | 0 | This is the name of the young Levite who used to serve as priest for Micah. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The young Levite’s name was Jonathan the son of Gershom, son of Moses” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 1318 | 18:30 | myi7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | until the day of the land’s captivity | 0 | This refers to a time later on when the people of Dan would be captured by their enemies. Here the land being conquered is spoken of as if it were a prisoner taken captive by an enemy. Alternate translation: “until the day that their enemies conquered their land” or “until the day that their enemies took them captive” | |
| 1319 | 18:31 | m78z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | that he made | 0 | Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them for him. Alternate translation: “that had been made for him” or “that his craftsman made for him” | |
| 1320 | 19:intro | gj7f | 0 | # Judges 19 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The sin of Benjamin\n\nPeople from a village of the tribe of Benjamin raped a visitor’s wife to death. This was very evil, especially in the ancient Near East. The people of Israel considered mistreatment of a guest one of the worst crimes. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) | |||
| 1321 | 19:1 | akh7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent | In those days | 0 | This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the story line. | |
| 1322 | 19:1 | u1qs | remote | 0 | far from where most people live | ||
| 1323 | 19:2 | p37k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | was unfaithful to him | 0 | This means that she was unfaithful in their relationship and that she began to sleep with other men. This can be stated explicitly if necessary. Alternate translation: “began to sleep with other men” | |
| 1324 | 19:3 | e9q8 | His servant was with him, and a pair of donkeys | 0 | Alternate translation: “He took with him his servant and two donkeys” | ||
| 1325 | 19:4 | bhr2 | His father-in-law, the girl’s father, persuaded | 0 | Alternate translation: “His father-in-law, that is, the girl’s father, persuaded” or “The girl’s father persuaded” | ||
| 1326 | 19:4 | v2kw | persuaded him to stay | 0 | Alternate translation: “spoke to him so he decided to stay” | ||
| 1327 | 19:5 | in6x | he prepared | 0 | the Levite prepared | ||
| 1328 | 19:5 | kp5g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | Strengthen yourself with a bit of bread | 0 | Here “bread” refers to “food.” Alternate translation: “Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel” | |
| 1329 | 19:6 | j88k | Please be willing to spend the night | 0 | Alternate translation: “Please stay another night” | ||
| 1330 | 19:8 | a9ur | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | Strengthen yourself, and wait until the afternoon | 0 | The father-in-law is suggesting that he strengthen himself by eating. He is also asking him to wait until the afternoon to leave. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel, and wait until afternoon to leave” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1331 | 19:9 | lvj4 | now the day is advancing toward evening | 0 | Alternate translation: “the day is almost over” or “it is almost evening” | ||
| 1332 | 19:10 | amf9 | that is Jerusalem | 0 | Alternate translation: “which was later called Jerusalem” | ||
| 1333 | 19:11 | l8er | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | Come, let us | 0 | This is an idiom used to make a suggestion. Alternate translation: “I suggest that we” | |
| 1334 | 19:11 | k4l3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | turn aside to | 0 | This means to take a break from their journey and stop somewhere along the route. Alternate translation: “stop at” | |
| 1335 | 19:12 | yc4v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | turn aside into | 0 | This means to take a break from their journey and stop at a place along the route. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 19:11](../19/11.md). Alternate translation: “stop at” | |
| 1336 | 19:13 | mke2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | Come, let us | 0 | This is an idiom used to make a suggestion. Alternate translation: “I suggest that we” | |
| 1337 | 19:15 | fgr6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | turned aside | 0 | This means to take a break from their journey and stop at a place along the route. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 19:11](../19/11.md). Alternate translation: “stopped” | |
| 1338 | 19:15 | bqt5 | the city square | 0 | the marketplace where people gathered during the day | ||
| 1339 | 19:15 | w9ny | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | took them into his house | 0 | This phrase means for someone to invite them to spend the night in their home. Alternate translation: “invited them to stay in their house for that night” | |
| 1340 | 19:16 | z1l2 | Benjamites | 0 | A Benjamite was a descendant of Benjamin. See how you translated the name of this people group in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md). | ||
| 1341 | 19:17 | lsd3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | He raised his eyes | 0 | Here the man looked up and paid attention to what was around him. Alternate translation: “He looked up” | |
| 1342 | 19:17 | h3nh | the city square | 0 | the marketplace where people gathered during the day. See how you translated this in [Judges 19:14](../19/14.md). | ||
| 1343 | 19:18 | jzg4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | who will take me into his house | 0 | This phrase refers to someone inviting other people into his house to spend the night there. Alternate translation: “who has invited me to stay in his house” | |
| 1344 | 19:18 | c5ti | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | will take me | 0 | Here the Levite says “me,” but he is actually referring to himself along with his servant and his concubine. Alternate translation: “will take us” | |
| 1345 | 19:19 | he3w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | there is bread and wine | 0 | Change to active voice. Alternate translation: “we have plenty of bread and wine” | |
| 1346 | 19:19 | gw93 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person | me and your female servant here, and for this young man with your servants | 0 | The Levite speaks of himself and the others as servants and in the third person to show respect. Alternate translation: “me, my concubine, and my servant” | |
| 1347 | 19:19 | w8hb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | We lack nothing | 0 | This can be written as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “We have everything we need” | |
| 1348 | 19:20 | ep3p | Only do not | 0 | “Do not.” The word “only” is used here to emphasize what he did not want the Levite to do. | ||
| 1349 | 19:20 | jm1p | square | 0 | This refers to the city square. See how you translated this [Judges 19:17](../19/17.md). | ||
| 1350 | 19:21 | z5ah | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | brought the Levite into his house | 0 | This means that he invited the Levite to spend the night in his house. Also, by inviting the Levite he was inviting the man’s concubine and servant as well. Alternate translation: “invited the Levite and his servants to stay in his house” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1351 | 19:22 | dx6j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | they were making their hearts glad | 0 | The phrase “making their hearts glad” is an idiom that means to have a good time with someone else. Alternate translation: “they were have a good time together” or “they were enjoying themselves” | |
| 1352 | 19:22 | q1dh | some men of … surrounded the house | 0 | Some men stood on all sides of the house. | ||
| 1353 | 19:24 | k4nm | See | 0 | This word is used to get the peoples’ attention. Alternate translation: “Listen” | ||
| 1354 | 19:25 | lk3t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the men would not listen to him | 0 | Here the author speaks of “agreeing” as if it were “listening.” Alternate translation: “the men would not accept his offer” | |
| 1355 | 19:25 | ty8i | the man seized his concubine | 0 | there could be confusion as to the identity of the man. Alternate translation: “the Levite seized his concubine” | ||
| 1356 | 19:25 | d28f | at dawn | 0 | “when the sun was coming up” or “at first light” This refers to when the sun begins to rise. | ||
| 1357 | 19:26 | irp4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | it was light | 0 | This refers to morning when it is bright outside. Alternate translation: “the sun was fully risen” | |
| 1358 | 19:28 | gk5s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | But there was no answer | 0 | The woman did not answer because she was dead. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “But she did not answer because she was dead” | |
| 1359 | 19:29 | r79a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | limb by limb | 0 | “section by section.” The author uses this graphic description of how the Levite cut up her body into specific pieces to emphasize what he did. “Limbs” refers to a person’s arms and legs. If there is not a similar phrase in your language, this description may be left out of the translation. | |
| 1360 | 19:29 | fx7u | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | twelve pieces | 0 | “12 pieces” | |
| 1361 | 19:29 | xd3i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | sent the pieces everywhere throughout Israel | 0 | This means that he sent the different pieces to twelve different areas of Israel. Alternate translation: “sent each piece to a different place throughout Israel” | |
| 1362 | 20:intro | lla1 | 0 | # Judges 20 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Benjamin destroyed\n\nThe army of Israel destroys all the tribe of Benjamin except 600 men. After this point in time, the tribe of Benjamin becomes mostly insignificant. | |||
| 1363 | 20:1 | wg4p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | as one man | 0 | This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. It refers to a group of who people do everything together in the same way. Alternate translation: “as if they were a single man” | |
| 1364 | 20:1 | jp6a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism | from Dan to Beersheba | 0 | This refers to the land as a whole. Alternate translation: “from all the eleven tribes” | |
| 1365 | 20:2 | ze7s | God—400,000 men on foot | 0 | Alternate translation: “God and also 400,000 regular soldiers came” | ||
| 1366 | 20:2 | hzs8 | ready to fight | 0 | “capable of going to war.” They were not going to fight each other. | ||
| 1367 | 20:3 | sl7g | Now | 0 | This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author of the book tells background information about what the people of Benjamin knew. | ||
| 1368 | 20:3 | x8r4 | had gone up to Mizpah | 0 | Mizpah was located high in the mountains. | ||
| 1369 | 20:4 | sa27 | to spend the night | 0 | Alternate translation: “for the night” or “to stay for a night” | ||
| 1370 | 20:6 | gkc4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys | wickedness and outrage | 0 | The word “outrage” describes the “wickedness.” Alternate translation: “outrageous wickedness” | |
| 1371 | 20:7 | h9h3 | Now | 0 | This word is used to introduce the conclusion of the speech of the Levite. | ||
| 1372 | 20:7 | wp5t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet | give your advice and counsel here | 0 | The words “advice” and “counsel” refer to the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “decide what we need to do about this” | |
| 1373 | 20:8 | s9g2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | as one | 0 | This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. They all acted together in exactly the same way. Alternate translation: “as if they were a single man” | |
| 1374 | 20:8 | s835 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | None of us will go to his tent … none of us will return to his house | 0 | These two clauses say basically the same thing twice for emphasis. They can be combined. The words “none … go” and “none … return” emphasizes how the people will continue to stay there. They can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “We will all stay here” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
| 1375 | 20:9 | xy7l | But now | 0 | These words introduce the main portion of what the people say after the initial exclamation. | ||
| 1376 | 20:9 | l369 | as the lot directs | 0 | This involved tossing or rolling small marked stones to determine what God wants. | ||
| 1377 | 20:10 | wsa9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | ten men of a hundred … one hundred of a thousand … one thousand of ten thousand | 0 | “10 men out of 100 … 100 out of 1,000 … 1,000 out of 10,000” | |
| 1378 | 20:10 | mm9k | provisions | 0 | food and other things the people need | ||
| 1379 | 20:11 | wfs1 | assembled against the city | 0 | Alternate translation: “came together to attack the city” | ||
| 1380 | 20:13 | m9f5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | put them to death | 0 | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “kill them” or “execute them” | |
| 1381 | 20:13 | n1zx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the voice of their brothers | 0 | Here “voice” refers to the message that they spoke. Alternate translation: “what their brother said” | |
| 1382 | 20:15 | s9ku | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | twenty-six thousand | 0 | “26,000” | |
| 1383 | 20:15 | g1vk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | seven hundred | 0 | “700” | |
| 1384 | 20:16 | a8xm | left-handed | 0 | A left-handed person is someone who is more skilled with their left hand than with their right hand. | ||
| 1385 | 20:16 | u1tj | could sling a stone at a hair and not miss | 0 | This show how amazingly well they could aim and hit their target. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “could throw a stone at even a hair and hit it” or “could throw a stone at something as small as a hair and hit it” | ||
| 1386 | 20:17 | apy5 | not counting | 0 | Alternate translation: “not including” | ||
| 1387 | 20:17 | g8sz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | 400,000 | 0 | “four hundred thousand men” | |
| 1388 | 20:18 | w2v7 | asked for advice from God | 0 | Alternate translation: “asked God what to do” or “asked God how to continue” | ||
| 1389 | 20:19 | k8jq | moved their camp near Gibeah | 0 | There is some question about the meaning of the Hebrew text. Instead of meaning that they set up their camp near Gibeah, it could mean that the army went out and stood across from Gibeah ready to fight. | ||
| 1390 | 20:21 | vj4c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | twenty-two thousand | 0 | “22,000” | |
| 1391 | 20:22 | cr9j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | strengthened themselves | 0 | Here “strengthened” is an idiom that means they encouraged each other. | |
| 1392 | 20:22 | wb6t | they formed the battle line | 0 | This probably means that the Israelites prepared their battle lines for the next day’s fighting. Alternate translation: “they got ready to fight the next day” | ||
| 1393 | 20:23 | cpc2 | they sought direction from Yahweh | 0 | The method they used is not stated. The priest may have cast lots to determine God’s will. | ||
| 1394 | 20:25 | t59r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | eighteen thousand | 0 | “18,000” | |
| 1395 | 20:26 | y97x | before Yahweh | 0 | Alternate translation: “in Yahweh’s presence” or “to Yahweh” | ||
| 1396 | 20:27 | usm6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | for the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days | 0 | This is background information that the author inserted to help the reader understand how the people asked Yahweh for an answer. | |
| 1397 | 20:27 | cs7a | was there in those days | 0 | Alternate translation: “was at Bethel in those days” | ||
| 1398 | 20:28 | ly8e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | and Phinehas … was serving before the ark in those days | 0 | This is background information that the author inserted to help the reader understand how the people asked Yahweh for an answer. | |
| 1399 | 20:28 | d9ma | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | was serving before the ark | 0 | The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “was serving as priest before the ark” | |
| 1400 | 20:28 | w427 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | Attack | 0 | The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Attack the army of Benjamin” | |
| 1401 | 20:29 | f7uq | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | Israel set men | 0 | Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” | |
| 1402 | 20:29 | k5i5 | secret places | 0 | Alternate translation: “in ambush” | ||
| 1403 | 20:31 | t9eh | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | fought against the people | 0 | The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “fought against the people of Israel” | |
| 1404 | 20:31 | d8me | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | they were drawn away from the city | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel drew them away from the city” | |
| 1405 | 20:31 | z77c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | They began to kill some of the people | 0 | The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The people of Benjamin began to kill some of the men of Israel” | |
| 1406 | 20:32 | e81w | just as at first | 0 | Alternate translation: “just as before” or “just like the first two times” | ||
| 1407 | 20:33 | a2ik | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Baal Tamar | 0 | This is the name of a city. | |
| 1408 | 20:33 | swx2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Maareh Gibeah | 0 | This is the name of a place. Other translations may read “fields of Gibeah” or “west of Gibeah” or “Maareh Geba.” | |
| 1409 | 20:34 | de7z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | ten thousand | 0 | “10,000” | |
| 1410 | 20:34 | wk8a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | chosen men | 0 | This is an idiom that means these were particularly good soldiers. Alternate translation: “well-trained soldier” | |
| 1411 | 20:34 | p4k5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | disaster was close to them | 0 | Here immanent disaster is spoken of as if it was standing very close by them. Alternate translation: “they would soon be completely defeated” | |
| 1412 | 20:35 | bt91 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | 25,100 men | 0 | “twenty-five thousand one hundred men” | |
| 1413 | 20:36 | mrd4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | The men of Israel had given ground to Benjamin, because they were counting on the men … outside Gibeah | 0 | From this sentence until the end of verse 41 is background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. | |
| 1414 | 20:36 | i3ru | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | had given ground to Benjamin | 0 | This is an idiom that means they intentionally retreated. Alternate translation: “had allowed Benjamin to move forward” | |
| 1415 | 20:36 | sq9e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | they were counting on the men | 0 | This is an idiom that means they trusted their men. | |
| 1416 | 20:39 | t29b | would turn from the battle | 0 | Alternate translation: “would retreat from the fight” | ||
| 1417 | 20:39 | vbr9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | they are defeated before us | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we have defeated them” | |
| 1418 | 20:41 | ltm1 | disaster | 0 | great harm, trouble, misery | ||
| 1419 | 20:41 | jg8p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | come on them | 0 | This idiom means it happened to them. Alternate translation: “happened to them” | |
| 1420 | 20:42 | pdp2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | But the fighting overtook them | 0 | This speaks about fighting as if it were a person who could overtake someone. Alternate translation: “But the soldiers of Israel caught up to them” or “But they were not able to escape the fighting” | |
| 1421 | 20:43 | xh56 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Nohah | 0 | This is the name of a place. | |
| 1422 | 20:43 | cis4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | trampled them down | 0 | The completed destruction of the Benjamites is spoken of as if the Israelites stomped on their bodies. Alternate translation: “they completely destroyed them” | |
| 1423 | 20:44 | jd79 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | eighteen thousand | 0 | “18,000” | |
| 1424 | 20:44 | c8tw | were distinguished in battle | 0 | Alternate translation: “had fought bravely in the battle” | ||
| 1425 | 20:45 | akn8 | They turned and fled | 0 | Alternate translation: “The remaining Benjamites turned and fled” | ||
| 1426 | 20:45 | e3cs | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | five thousand … two thousand | 0 | “5,000 … 2,000” | |
| 1427 | 20:45 | y3ry | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Gidom | 0 | This is the name of a place. | |
| 1428 | 20:46 | d674 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | twenty-five thousand | 0 | “25,000” | |
| 1429 | 20:47 | h1ci | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | six hundred | 0 | “600” | |
| 1430 | 20:48 | h7m3 | turned back against the people of Benjamin | 0 | These people of Benjamin are not the soldiers who fled to the rock of Rimmon, but the ones who were still in the city. | ||
| 1431 | 20:48 | l4rw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the city | 0 | Here “the city” refers to the people in that city. Alternate translation: “everyone who was in the city” | |
| 1432 | 20:48 | ue39 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | in their path | 0 | This idiom refers to everything that they found as they went toward the city. Alternate translation: “they came to” | |
| 1433 | 21:intro | bf76 | 0 | # Judges 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter concludes the account of the previous chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Sin and immorality\n\nAt the end of Judges, there is much sin and immorality. The people are doing wrong and fixing their wrongs by doing more evil things. This period of Judges is typified by this final account and summarized by the statement, “everyone did what was right in his own eyes.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
| 1434 | 21:1 | w65e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | Now the men of Israel had made a promise … marry a Benjamite.” | 0 | This background information tells the reader about the promise that the Israelites made before the battle with the Benjamites. | |
| 1435 | 21:1 | rw2t | Benjamite | 0 | This is the name of the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md). | ||
| 1436 | 21:3 | q8cb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Why, Yahweh, God of Israel, has this happened to Israel, that one of our tribes should be missing today? | 0 | The people of Israel used this rhetorical question to express their deep sadness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Oh Yahweh, we are so sad that one of the tribes of Israel has been completely destroyed.” | |
| 1437 | 21:5 | xs35 | The people of Israel said, “Which of all the tribes of Israel did not come up in the assembly to Yahweh?” | 0 | The people are referring back to the assembly of the Israelites at Mizpah before they attacked the Benjamites. | ||
| 1438 | 21:5 | p72f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | For they had made an important promise concerning anyone who did not come up to Yahweh at Mizpah. They said, “He would certainly be put to death.” | 0 | This is background information to explain to the reader the promise that the Israelites had made at Mizpah before they attacked the Benjamites. | |
| 1439 | 21:5 | flc8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | He would certainly be put to death | 0 | Here “He” refers to anyone who did not go to Mizpah. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “We will certainly kill that person” | |
| 1440 | 21:6 | yb7g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | their brother Benjamin | 0 | This speaks of the tribe of Benjamin as if it were Israel’s brother to show their closeness to the tribe. Alternate translation: “the surviving Benjamites” | |
| 1441 | 21:6 | j93p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | one tribe has been cut off from Israel | 0 | The destruction of the tribe of Benjamin is spoken of as if it had been cut off from Israel by a knife. This was an exaggeration because 600 men were still left. However, the women of Benjamin had been killed, so the future of the tribe was in question. Alternate translation: “one tribe has been removed” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
| 1442 | 21:7 | dms9 | Who will provide wives for those who are left, since we have made a promise to Yahweh that we will not let any of them marry our daughters? | 0 | The Israelites wanted to provide wives for the few surviving Benjamites, but their promise at Mizpah prevented them from doing that. | ||
| 1443 | 21:8 | vtf2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Jabesh Gilead | 0 | This is the name of a city. | |
| 1444 | 21:9 | jyg7 | people were set out in an orderly manner | 0 | Alternate translation: “people that were assembled at Mizpah were accounted for” | ||
| 1445 | 21:9 | qs2v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead were there | 0 | This refers back to the earlier assembly at Mizpah. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead had been present at Mizpah” | |
| 1446 | 21:10 | p52b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | twelve thousand | 0 | “12,000” | |
| 1447 | 21:10 | qw5x | strike the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead with the edge of the sword, including the women and children | 0 | The next verse will add an exception to this general instruction. | ||
| 1448 | 21:10 | ajh8 | strike … with the edge of the sword | 0 | Alternate translation: “kill … with their swords” | ||
| 1449 | 21:12 | n2u2 | Jabesh Gilead | 0 | This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](../21/08.md). | ||
| 1450 | 21:12 | ani7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers | four hundred young women | 0 | “400 young women” | |
| 1451 | 21:12 | w47b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism | who had not known a man by lying with him | 0 | This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “who had not had sexual relations with a man” | |
| 1452 | 21:13 | c39b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | they were offering them peace | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **peace**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “they wanted to stop fighting with them” | |
| 1453 | 21:14 | h1ad | Jabesh Gilead | 0 | This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](../21/08.md). | ||
| 1454 | 21:14 | iu7g | there were not enough women for all of them | 0 | There were six hundred Benjamite men, and only four hundred women from Jabesh Gilead. | ||
| 1455 | 21:15 | v114 | made a division between the tribes of Israel | 0 | Alternate translation: “had caused the tribes of Israel not to be unified” | ||
| 1456 | 21:16 | sc2b | Benjamites | 0 | This refers to the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md). | ||
| 1457 | 21:16 | rgy2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | the women of Benjamin have been killed | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we killed all the Benjamite women” | |
| 1458 | 21:17 | mk7l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole | There must be an inheritance … is not destroyed from Israel | 0 | The Israelites are exaggerating. They had already given wives to four hundred of the Benjamites, so the tribe would not be completely destroyed. | |
| 1459 | 21:18 | qnk3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | a wife to Benjamin | 0 | Here Benjamin refers to the male descendants of Benjamin. Alternate translation: “a wife to the men of Benjamin” | |
| 1460 | 21:19 | u453 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | which is north of Bethel, east of the road that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and south of Lebonah | 0 | This is background information to explain to the reader where the city of Shiloh is located. | |
| 1461 | 21:19 | m2hz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Lebonah | 0 | This is the name of a city. | |
| 1462 | 21:21 | am3f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | each one of you should grab a wife … go back to the land of Benjamin | 0 | It is understood that the Benjamites would take these women back to their own land with them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “each one of you should seize one of the girls of Shiloh, and then take her back with you to the land of Benjamin to become your wife” | |
| 1463 | 21:22 | z5gg | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | Show us favor | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **favor**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Act kindly toward us” | |
| 1464 | 21:22 | zsi5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | because we did not get wives for each man during the war | 0 | The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “because we did not get wives for each of them during the war with Jabesh Gilead” | |
| 1465 | 21:22 | pcc6 | You are innocent … not give your daughters to them | 0 | This refers to the men of Shiloh. They did not voluntarily give their daughters to the Benjamites, and therefore did not break their promise not to do that. | ||
| 1466 | 21:23 | ng9r | the number of wives that they needed | 0 | This refers to one wife for each of the two hundred Benjamite men who did not receive wives from Jabesh Gilead ([Judges 21:14](../21/14.md)). | ||
| 1467 | 21:25 | b8xe | there was no king in Israel | 0 | Alternate translation: “Israel did not yet have a king” | ||
| 1468 | 21:25 | d46g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | what was right in his own eyes | 0 | The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what he judged to be right” or “what he considered to be right” |