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from his mouth comes knowledge and understanding
Here "mouth" represents Yahweh himself or what he says. AT: "from Yahweh comes knowledge and understanding" or "Yahweh tells us what we need to know and understand" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche)
He stores up sound wisdom for those who please him
Yahweh teaching wisdom to people is spoken of as if wisdom were an item that Yahweh stores and gives to people. AT: "He teaches what is truly wise to those who please him" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
sound
"dependable"
he is a shield for those
Yahweh being able to protect his people is spoken of as if he were a shield. AT: "God protects those" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
who walk in integrity
A person behaving with integrity is spoken of as if they were walking in integrity. AT: "who behave with integrity" or "who live their lives as they should" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
he guards the paths of justice
Possible meanings are 1) justice itself is spoken of as if it were a path. AT: "God makes sure that people act justly" or 2) a person's life is spoken of as if it were a path. AT: "God protects those who act justly" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
preserve the way of those
A person's life is spoken of as if it were a way or road. AT: "protect those" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)