unfoldingWord_en_tn/en_tn_06-JOS.tsv at 402595cc2077199d9777cd3c44f06bf7c71d28d1

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1	Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
2	JOS	front	intro	syt5			# Introduction to Joshua<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Joshua<br><br>1. Conquest of the land of Canaan (1:1–12:24)<br>- Preparation for conquest; spies; crossing the Jordan River (1:1–5:1)<br>- Ceremonies at Gilgal; conquest of Jericho and Ai (5:2–8:29)<br>- The covenant affirmed at Shechem (8:30–35)<br>- Southern and central campaigns; northern campaigns (9:1–12:24)<br>1. Settlement in the Promised Land; division of the land (13:1–22:34)<br>1. Joshua’s final days (23:1–24:33)<br><br>### What is the Book of Joshua about?<br><br>The Book of Joshua is about the Israelites entering and occupying the Promised Land. Joshua was the leader that replaced Moses. He led the Israelites as they fought the people living in the Promised Land. This book also tells how the Israelites divided the land among the twelve tribes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>This book traditionally has the title “Joshua” because Joshua leads the people of Israel after Moses dies. Translators may create a title such as “The Book About When Joshua Led Israel.” Translators should avoid a title that suggests Joshua as the writer of the book.<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Joshua?<br><br>The book does not tell who wrote it. However, some verses in the book indicate that Joshua may have written at least part of it. Since ancient times, Jews have thought that Joshua wrote most of the book.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### How does the Book of Joshua present the cause of historical events?<br><br>In the ancient Near East, people assumed that gods caused world events to happen in a certain way. The Book of Joshua has some similarities with this view, but there are important differences. The events in the Book of Joshua occurred because Yahweh promised the Israelites that he would give them the Promised Land. What happened also depended on whether or not the Israelites obeyed Yahweh.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What does the phrase “to this day” mean?<br><br>This phrase was used by the writer to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” refers to a time already passed. He must avoid giving the impression to readers that “to this day” means “to the present day.” The translator might decide to say “to this day, at the time when this was being written,” or “to this day, at the time of writing.” This Hebrew phrase occurs in Joshua 4:9; 6:25; 7:26; 8:28, 29; 10:27; 13:13; 14:14; 15:63; 16:10.<br><br>### What does the phrase “all Israel” mean?<br><br>This phrase appears many times in the Book of Joshua, but it does not always mean every person in the nation of Israel. At times it means the Israelite army. At other times it means the representatives of the twelve tribes of Israel. In still other passages, it probably means a large number of the people in the nation of Israel.<br><br>### When should Joshua be translated?<br><br>The Book of Joshua should probably not be translated before Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. This is because the historical events of Joshua will not be understood without the information in these previous books.<br>
3	JOS	1	intro	r7gc			# Joshua 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter appears to be a natural continuation of the book of Deuteronomy.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Be strong and Courageous<br><br>Joshua is often told, “Be strong and courageous.” This repeated encouragement is on purpose and may indicate Joshua will need help in the future.<br>
4	JOS	1	1	s8u5		Yahweh	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
5	JOS	1	1	eka2	translate-names	Nun	Joshua’s father (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6	JOS	1	2	le23	figs-idiom	cross over this Jordan	To “cross over” means “go to the opposite bank of the river.” Alternate translation: “travel from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7	JOS	1	2	vix4	figs-you	you and all this people	The word “you” here refers to Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
8	JOS	1	3	v1l7	figs-pastforfuture	I have given you every place	God giving the land to the Israelites in the future is spoken of as if he gave it to them in the past. This emphasizes that he will certainly give it to them. Alternate translation: “I will give to you every place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
9	JOS	1	3	xjc9	figs-you	I have given you	The word “you” refers to both Joshua and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
10	JOS	1	3	t94e	figs-idiom	every place where the sole of your foot will walk	This refers to all the places Joshua and the Israelites will travel when they cross the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “everywhere you go in this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11	JOS	1	4	wl7a		General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua.
12	JOS	1	4	nbe3	figs-you	your land	The word “your” refers to the tribes of Israel and not only Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
13	JOS	1	5	w48w	figs-you	to stand before you	In verse 5 the words “you” and “your” refer to Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
14	JOS	1	5	iq2e	figs-doublet	I will not abandon you or leave you	The words “abandon” and “leave” mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that he will not do these things. Alternate translation: “I will certainly stay with you always” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
15	JOS	1	6	a5yc	figs-imperative	General Information:	Yahweh gives Joshua a series of commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
16	JOS	1	6	gn34	figs-imperative	Be strong and courageous	Yahweh commands Joshua to overcome his fears with courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
17	JOS	1	7	db9m	figs-imperative	Do not turn from it to the right or to the left	This can be stated as a positive command. Alternate translation: “Follow it exactly” or “Follow them exactly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
18	JOS	1	7	jy5x		be successful	“achieve your goal” or “reach your goal”
19	JOS	1	8	t4mz		General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua.
20	JOS	1	8	wn1z	figs-hyperbole	You will always speak	The word “always” is an exaggeration for speaking often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
21	JOS	1	8	lcs7	figs-doublet	prosperous and successful	These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize great prosperity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
22	JOS	1	9	vt4l	figs-rquestion	Have I not commanded you?	This refers to Yahweh commanding Joshua. Alternate translation: “I have commanded you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
23	JOS	1	9	fnz8	figs-imperative	Be strong and courageous!	Yahweh is commanding Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
24	JOS	1	10	b59x	figs-explicit	the people	This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
25	JOS	1	11	f3rg	figs-quotesinquotes	Go through the camp and command the people, ‘Prepare…possess.’	Embedded quotes can be expressed as indirect quotes. Alternate translation: “Go through the camp and command the people to prepare provisions for themselves. In three days they will cross over this Jordan and go in and possess the land that Yahweh their God is giving them to possess.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
26	JOS	1	11	ck8h		In three days	Here Joshua was counting his present day as day one. Alternate translation: “Two days from now” or “On the day after tomorrow”
27	JOS	1	11	wg1e	figs-idiom	cross over this Jordan	“cross over” refers to going to the opposite side of the river. Alternate translation: “travel to the other side of the Jordan River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
28	JOS	1	12	uji6	figs-explicit	General Information:	The tribes of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh chose to settle east of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
29	JOS	1	12	fx7h	translate-names	Reubenites	These were the descendants of Reuben. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
30	JOS	1	12	z8vh	translate-names	Gadites	These were the decendants of Gad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
31	JOS	1	14	mm4q		General Information:	Joshua continues speaking to the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh.
32	JOS	1	14	tf68		your little ones	“your little children”
33	JOS	1	14	fb4d	figs-idiom	beyond the Jordan	This refers to the east side of the Jordan River. Later most of the Israelites would live west of the Jordan, so they called the east side “beyond the Jordan.” But at this time they were all still on the east side. Alternate translation: “east of the Jordan River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
34	JOS	1	15	b5yt	figs-idiom	given your brothers rest	This refers to Israel defeating all their enemies residing in Canaan that they were to conquer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
35	JOS	1	15	g4ez		you will…possess it	This refers to living out their life on the land in peace.
36	JOS	1	15	rrj2	figs-idiom	beyond the Jordan, where the sun rises	This refers to the east side of the Jordan river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
37	JOS	1	16	c7t9		General Information:	These Isrelites were specifically the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh that replied to Joshua.
38	JOS	1	18	rel4	figs-parallelism	rebels against your commands and disobeys your words	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that any form of disobedience will be punished. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
39	JOS	1	18	lbc3	figs-activepassive	will be put to death	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we will put to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
40	JOS	1	18	zez7	figs-parallelism	be strong and courageous	Israel and God considered both traits important for Joshua to pursue as their leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
41	JOS	2	intro	vg4m			# Joshua 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the story of the conquest of the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Rahab’s faith<br><br>Rahab expressed her faith in Yahweh. The statement “for Yahweh your God, he is God in heaven above and on the earth below” is a recognition of her faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>The Israelites were to completely destroy the evil Canaanites. They are compared to melting snow: “…melting away because of us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br>
42	JOS	2	1	ig8n	translate-names	Nun	This is Joshua’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
43	JOS	2	1	w886	translate-names	Shittim	This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means “Acacia Trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
44	JOS	2	1	z78b		as spies	These men were to visit the land to gain information on how Israel should conquer the land.
45	JOS	2	4	k613		General Information:	Rahab the prostitute protects the two Israelite spies from harm.
46	JOS	2	4	l15y		But the woman had taken the two men and hidden them	This happened before the king’s messenger spoke to her.
47	JOS	2	4	am3m		the woman	This refers to Rahab, the prostitute.
48	JOS	2	5	j3x6		dusk	This is the time that day begins to change to the darkness of night.
49	JOS	2	6	l5zb	writing-background	But she had taken them…on the roof	This is background information and explains how she had hidden the men in [Joshua 2:4](../02/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
50	JOS	2	6	st56		the roof	The roof was flat and strong, so people could walk around on it.
51	JOS	2	6	b99c		flax	a plant that is grown for its fibers, which is used in making cloth
52	JOS	2	7	kdj3		the men pursued them	The men pursued the spies because of what Rahab had told them in [Joshua 2:5](../02/05.md).
53	JOS	2	7	p4sx		fords	places where a river or other body of water is shallow enough for people to get to the other side by walking through it
54	JOS	2	8	ds5e	figs-idiom	not yet lain down	This refers to going to sleep for the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
55	JOS	2	9	t8zy	figs-you	I know that Yahweh has given you the land	The word “you” refers to the all the Israelite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
56	JOS	2	9	xr6a	figs-metaphor	fear of you has come upon us	Becoming afraid is spoken of as if feat came and attacked them. Alternate translation: “we have become afraid of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
57	JOS	2	9	u74z	figs-metaphor	will melt away before you	This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. Possible meanings are 1) they will be weak in the Israelites’ presence or 2) they will be scattered. Alternate translation: “will be so afraid that they will not resist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
58	JOS	2	10	m3e1		General Information:	Rahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies.
59	JOS	2	10	bcm2		the Sea of Reeds	This is another name for the Red Sea.
60	JOS	2	10	c6i6	translate-names	Sihon…Og	These are the names of the Amorite kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
61	JOS	2	11	qx6v	figs-doublet	our hearts melted and there was no courage left in anyone	These two phrases share similar meanings, combined for emphasis. The phrase “our hearts melted” compares the hearts of the fearful people of Jericho to ice melting and flowing away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
62	JOS	2	12	j6sz		General Information:	Rahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies.
63	JOS	2	12	nmi4	figs-parallelism	please swear to me…Give me a sure sign	These are similar statements of Rahab seeking assurance from the spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
64	JOS	2	12	nh3t	figs-you	I have been kind to you	The word “you” refers to the two spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
65	JOS	2	13	m6i6	figs-euphemism	spare the lives…save us from death	a polite way of saying “do not to kill us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
66	JOS	2	14	ji8q		General Information:	The Israelite spies make the promise which Rahab asked for in [Joshua 2:12](../02/12.md)
67	JOS	2	14	yb7i	figs-idiom	Our life for yours, even to death	This idiom is a way of swearing and asking God to curse them if they do not keep their promise. Alternate translation: “If we do not do what we promise, may Yahweh cause us to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
68	JOS	2	15	b3dr		General Information:	The Israelite spies continue to talk to Rahab.
69	JOS	2	17	dmh8	figs-hypo	if you do not do this	This expresses a condition for the promise the spies had made to Rahab. The word, “this,” refers to “tie this scarlet rope in the window” in [Joshua 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
70	JOS	2	18	e4iw		General Information:	The Israelite spies continue talking to Rahab.
71	JOS	2	18	x2n8		Connecting Statement:	The Israelite spies clarify the condition they expressed in [Joshua 2:15](../02/15.md).
72	JOS	2	19	vdc9	figs-hypo	Whoever goes out of the doors of your house	This phrase expresses a condition, creating a hypothetical situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
73	JOS	2	19	k27w	figs-metonymy	blood will be upon their own heads	Here “blood” represents a person’s death. To be responsible for their own death is spoken of as if their blood would be on their heads. Alternate translation: “their death will be their own fault” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
74	JOS	2	19	m728		we will be guiltless	“we will be innocent”
75	JOS	2	19	qg47	figs-euphemism	if a hand is laid upon any	Here “a hand is laid upon” is a polite way of referring to causing someone injury. Alternate translation: “if we cause injury to any” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
76	JOS	2	20	ew4z		General Information:	The two Israelite spies continue to speak to Rahab about their promise to her. The spies required Rahab to remain silent about their visit or they would be free from their oath to protect her family.
77	JOS	2	20	e659	figs-you	if you speak	“You” refers to Rahab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
78	JOS	2	21	uxw6		May what you say be done	Rahab agreed to their terms of the oath to protect her family.
79	JOS	2	22	gjr5		General Information:	The two Israelites spies leave Jericho.
80	JOS	2	22	a2i7	figs-explicit	their pursuers returned	It may be helpful to say they returned to Jericho. Alternate translation: “their pursuers returned to the city of Jericho” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
81	JOS	2	22	y2rj		found nothing	This refers to the men not finding the spies.
82	JOS	2	23	zps9	figs-explicit	The two men returned	The two men returned back to the Israelite’s camp. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
83	JOS	2	23	y6et	figs-doublet	returned and crossed over and came back	These are similar expressions referring to returning to where the Israelite’s are camped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
84	JOS	2	23	u3is	figs-idiom	crossed over	“cross over” means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “traveled from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
85	JOS	2	23	i2bk	translate-names	Nun	This is a male name; the father of Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
86	JOS	2	23	cv1w		everything that had happened to them	“all that the men had experienced and seen.”
87	JOS	2	24	rk66		us	This word, “us,” refers to Israel.
88	JOS	2	24	eh7s	figs-metaphor	inhabitants of the land are melting away	The people of the land toward Israel are like a substance that melts in the presence of heat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
89	JOS	3	intro	qs85			# Joshua 03 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God dries the Jordan River<br><br>Joshua told the people “Dedicate yourselves to Yahweh tomorrow, for Yahweh will do wonders among you.” The conquest of the Promised Land is accomplished through the supernatural power of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br>
90	JOS	3	1	ct91		got up	The phrase, “got up,” means to “awaken.”
91	JOS	3	1	y8kd		Shittim	A place in the land of Moab, west of the Jordan River where the Israelites were camped before their entry into the promised land, Canaan.
92	JOS	3	2	wz25		officers	These are people holding a position of command or authority.
93	JOS	3	3	ghy1	figs-metonymy	people	This is the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
94	JOS	3	4	tn3h	translate-bdistance	two thousand cubits	“2,000 cubits.” The word “cubit” is a measurement equaling the distance from the elbow to the finger tips. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
95	JOS	3	5	hy6c		Consecrate yourselves	This refers to a special preparation of being religiously clean before Yahweh.
96	JOS	3	5	wz6l		Yahweh will do wonders	Yahweh will be doing miracles for all to see and experience.
97	JOS	3	6	ts4p		Take up the ark	This is referring to the levites picking up the ark for the purpose of carrying it from one location to another.
98	JOS	3	7	u6dt		General Information:	Yahweh tells Joshua what the priest are to do.
99	JOS	3	7	q8ud	figs-metaphor	I will make you a great man in the eyes of all Israel	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “the people will see what I do and realize that I have made you a great man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
100	JOS	3	8	b797		edge of the waters of the Jordan	Joshua is to approach the bank or edge of the Jordan River.
101	JOS	3	9	pd66		General Information:	Joshua tells Israel what Yahweh is about to do
102	JOS	3	10	u9w6	figs-metaphor	drive out from before you	Yahweh will force the other people living on the land to leave or be killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
103	JOS	3	11	zex2	figs-idiom	crosses over	“cross over” means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “will travel from this side to the opposite side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
104	JOS	3	12	u1wf		General Information:	Joshua continues to tell Israel of the miracle that Yahweh will do.
105	JOS	3	12	u1wf		General Information:	Just as Israel’s fathers experience crossing the Red Sea, these people will experience crossing the Jordan river on dry land.
106	JOS	3	13	bej3		the soles of the feet	This refers to the bottom of their feet.
107	JOS	3	13	u9rl		upstream	This word refers to the direction the Jordan River water is flowing toward Israel.
108	JOS	3	13	s6ud		stand in one heap	The water will stay in one spot or place. It will not flow around the priests.
109	JOS	3	15	nhu7	figs-synecdoche	edge of the water	This can refer to the surface of the water as well as the bank where the water flows to dry land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
110	JOS	3	15	mu2b	writing-background	now the Jordan overflows all its banks throughout the time of the harvest	This is background information and it emphasizes the scale of what Yahweh is doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
111	JOS	3	17	dp93		General Information:	The miraculous Jordan River crossing continues.
112	JOS	3	17	tg4f	figs-explicit	the Jordan	This refers to the Jordan River bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
113	JOS	3	17	w7z6	figs-idiom	crossed over	This phrase means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “traveled from this side to the opposite side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
114	JOS	4	intro	eh7p			# Joshua 04 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s war<br>The conquering of the Promised Land was a special war. It was God’s war against the people of Canaan and Joshua recognized that they would only be victorious through Yahweh’s power. This is why their first act after crossing the Jordan River was to build an altar. This war was a witness to Yahweh’s power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br>
115	JOS	4	1	yem9	figs-pronouns	General Information:	Though Yahweh was speaking directly to Joshua, all occurrences of you include Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
116	JOS	4	1	h2p6	figs-idiom	crossed over	The words “crossed over” refer to going to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “went across” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
117	JOS	4	1	lz4a	figs-explicit	the Jordan	the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
118	JOS	4	3	g6yc	figs-quotesinquotes	Give them this command: ‘…‘	The nested quote can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Give them this command to take up twelve stones from the middle of the Jordan where the priests are standing on the dry ground, and bring them over with you and lay them down in the place where you will spend the night tonight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
119	JOS	4	4	r99r		General Information:	Joshua tells the twelve men what to do.
120	JOS	4	5	wr9d	figs-explicit	into the middle of the Jordan. Each of you is to take up a stone upon his shoulder	Each of the twelve men were to pick up a large stone from the Jordan River bed and carry them to the other side to build a monument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
121	JOS	4	6	v6tn		General Information:	Joshua tells Israel what the pile of twelve stones mean.
122	JOS	4	7	bq5m	figs-activepassive	The waters of the Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of Yahweh	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh cut off the waters of the Jordan in front of the ark of his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
123	JOS	4	7	gsy5		The waters of the Jordan were	“The Jordan River was”
124	JOS	4	7	ew13		were cut off before the ark	The Jordan River was prevented by God from flowing up to the ark that was being carried by the priests.
125	JOS	4	7	ww74		the waters of the Jordan were cut off	The water flowing down the Jordan River stopped before the ark so everyone including the ark traveled on the dry river bed.
126	JOS	4	8	q4qp		General Information:	Joshua and Israel continue to do as Yahweh commanded.
127	JOS	4	8	f69z	figs-explicit	they picked up twelve stones from the middle of the Jordan	This refers to the twelve men picking up stones from the middle of the Jordan River bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
128	JOS	4	9	igh8	figs-explicit	Then Joshua set up twelve stones in the middle of the Jordan	These were twelve additional stones, not the stones that the twelve men carried from the river bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
129	JOS	4	9	yb3y		The memorial is there to this day	This means the memorial was there to the day that the author was writing this book.
130	JOS	4	10	reg9		the Jordan	This refers to the Jordan River.
131	JOS	4	10	bl85	figs-metonymy	the people	This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
132	JOS	4	10	er8c	figs-idiom	crossed over	This means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “traveled from one side to the opposite side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
133	JOS	4	11	vff8	figs-idiom	before the people	This refers to being in front of the people or in the sight of all the people. Everyone saw the ark being carried by the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
134	JOS	4	12	gp7q	figs-explicit	The tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh passed before the people of Israel formed up as an army	These were the soldiers of the 3 tribes that were fulfilling their obligation to lead the Israelites into battle for settling on the East side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
135	JOS	4	14	cc5t		just as they	The word “they” refers to the people of Israel.
136	JOS	4	15	m7sg		General Information:	Yahweh tells Joshua to have the priests exit the Jordan River.
137	JOS	4	17	xw1x		General Information:	The Author was making it clear that parting the Jordan River was no different than parting the Red Sea for the previous generation.
138	JOS	4	18	m5z1		waters of the Jordan returned to their place and overflowed its banks	The Jordan River was overflowing its banks and flooding the area before and after Israel passed through on dry land.
139	JOS	4	18	zlb5	translate-numbers	four days	“4 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
140	JOS	4	19	bf72		came up out of the Jordan	This refers to when Israel crossed the Jordan River on dry ground.
141	JOS	4	19	zy5r	translate-hebrewmonths	on the tenth day of the first month	This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
142	JOS	4	20	s8s2	figs-explicit	The twelve stones that they took out of the Jordan	Each tribe was to take one stone from the Jordan River so Joshua could build a memorial of the crossing event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
143	JOS	4	22	lx8h		General Information:	Joshua continues to remind the people the purpose of the pile of stones.
144	JOS	4	22	p6nk		Tell your children	It was for Israel to teach their children of God’s miracles so that they would honor Yahweh forever.
145	JOS	4	24	qe29	figs-metonymy	the hand of Yahweh is mighty	This refers to the power of Yahweh being strong. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is mighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
146	JOS	5	intro	dv8f			# Joshua 05 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Circumcision<br><br>It would have been very unusual to be circumcised in a time of war. When men are circumcised they are unable to move without pain or to defend themselves in battle for several days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])<br><br>### Manna<br><br>Yahweh stops providing manna in this chapter and will no longer provide them with their daily allotment of food. This does not mean Yahweh’s care and provision will stop.<br>
147	JOS	5	1	el1p	figs-parallelism	their hearts melted…there was no longer any spirit in them	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of their fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
148	JOS	5	1	q8mi	figs-metonymy	their hearts melted	Here “hearts” refers to their courage. They were so afraid that it was as if their courage melted away like wax in a fire. Alternate translation: “they lost all their courage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
149	JOS	5	1	a2wh	figs-metonymy	there was no longer any spirit in them	Here “spirit” refers to their will to fight. Alternate translation: “they no longer had any will to fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
150	JOS	5	3	m1u7	figs-explicit	Joshua made himself flint knives…he circumcised all the males	There were over 600,000 males, so it is understood that while Joshua was in charge of this task, many other people helped him. If this would confuse your readers, you may want to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “Joshua and the Israelites made themselves flint knives…they circumcised all the males” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
151	JOS	5	3	jin6	translate-names	Gibeath Haaraloth	This is a place name which commemorates Israel rededicating themselves to Yahweh. It means “the hill of the foreskins.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
152	JOS	5	4	i17c		General Information:	The reason all the males of Israel had to be circumcised is explained.
153	JOS	5	4	uz5p		the men of war	the men who were old enough to be soldiers
154	JOS	5	6	k8wl	figs-metonymy	obey the voice of Yahweh	Here “voice” refers to the things that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “obey the things that Yahweh commanded them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
155	JOS	5	6	jrp7	figs-metaphor	a land flowing with milk and honey	God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
156	JOS	5	9	x1q8	figs-metaphor	This day I have rolled away the disgrace of Egypt from you	Their disgrace is spoken of as if it were a large stone that blocked their path. Here “rolled away” means “removed.” Alternate translation: “This day I have removed the disgrace of Egypt from you” or “You were disgraced when you were slaves in Egypt. But, today I have caused you to no longer be disgraced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
157	JOS	5	10	tdl1	translate-hebrewmonths	the fourteenth day of the month	This is near the end of March on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “the fourteenth day of the first month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
158	JOS	5	13	iyi7	figs-metaphor	he lifted up his eyes and looked, and behold, a man was standing	Here looking up is spoken of as if Joshua literally lifted his eyes in his hands. Alternate translation: “he looked up and saw that a man was standing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
159	JOS	5	13	x26s		behold	The word “behold” alerts us to pay special attention to new information. Your language may have a way of doing this.
160	JOS	5	13	kk45		he had drawn his sword and it was in his hand	Here the words “he” and “his” refer to the man who was standing in front of Joshua.
161	JOS	5	14	d8u1		He said	The word “he” refers to the man Joshua saw.
162	JOS	5	14	ds5l		Neither	This is the beginning of the man’s answer to Joshua’s question, “Are you for us or for our enemies?” This short answer could be clarified. Alternate translation: “I am neither for you nor for your enemies”
163	JOS	5	14	r42a	translate-symaction	Joshua lay facedown on the ground to worship	This was an act of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
164	JOS	5	15	ge5y	translate-symaction	Take off your sandals from your feet	This was an act of reverence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
165	JOS	6	intro	uie9			# Joshua 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh conquers<br><br>It was God, not the army, who gave them victory. It is said, “Shout! For Yahweh has given you the city.” The circumstances of Israel’s victory in the battle for Jericho were very unusual. It was never common to march around a city or to shout in order to win a military battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
166	JOS	6	1	gbz8		Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells us why the gates of Jericho are closed and locked up.
167	JOS	6	2	j65i	figs-pastforfuture	I have delivered Jericho into your hand, its king, and its trained soldiers	Yahweh is telling Joshua that he will certainly do this by saying that he has already done it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
168	JOS	6	2	v4hu	figs-metonymy	into your hand	The word “hand” is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “so that you can control it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
169	JOS	6	3	fu9e		Connecting Statement:	God continues telling Joshua what the people must do.
170	JOS	6	3	eik2		You must do this for six days	“You must do this once each day for six days”
171	JOS	6	4	b6ml		Seven priests must carry seven trumpets of rams’ horns before the ark	The seven priests are to march in front of other priests who are carrying the ark and marching around the city.
172	JOS	6	5	zdc7		Connecting Statement:	God continues telling Joshua what the people must do.
173	JOS	6	5	d5rg		they must sound a long blast with the ram’s horn…of the trumpet	The word “they” refers to the seven priests. The “ram’s horn” and “trumpet” refer to the trumpets of rams’ horns that the priests were blowing in [Joshua 6:4](../06/04.md).
174	JOS	6	5	g97v		the wall of the city	“the outer wall of the city” or “the wall surrounding the city”
175	JOS	6	6	h9cn	translate-names	Nun	This is Joshua’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
176	JOS	6	6	s5ne		Take up the ark of the covenant	“Pick up the ark of the covenant”
177	JOS	6	8	l35d	figs-metonymy	before Yahweh	Possible meanings are 1) “in obedience to Yahweh” or 2) “in front of Yahweh’s ark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
178	JOS	6	8	vk7j		they gave a blast on the trumpets	“they sounded the trumpets loudly” or “the priests blew into the ram’s horn trumpets”
179	JOS	6	8	ayf9	figs-explicit	The ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them	It can be stated clearly that there were people carrying the ark. Alternate translation: “The priests who were carrying the ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
180	JOS	6	10	ls5v	figs-metonymy	No sound must leave your mouths	Sound leaving someone’s mouth refers to that person’s speaking or shouting. Alternate translation: “Do not yell or speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
181	JOS	6	10	tw9q	figs-events	But Joshua commanded the people	Joshua had commanded the people before they started walking around the city. Alternate translation: “Joshua had commanded the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
182	JOS	6	13	k64v	translate-numbers	seven priests…seven trumpets	“7 priests…7 trumpets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
183	JOS	6	13	ai87		gave blasts on the trumpets	This means that they blew into their trumpets, causing them to make loud noises, multiple times. Alternate translation: “continually sounded the trumpets loudly” or “blew into the ram’s horn trumpets continually”
184	JOS	6	14	j232	translate-ordinal	the second day	the next day (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
185	JOS	6	14	r4j1		They did this	Israel marched around Jericho once every day.
186	JOS	6	14	p14u	translate-numbers	six days	“6 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
187	JOS	6	16	fp32		the people	This refers to the people of Israel.
188	JOS	6	16	sc3s		gave a blast with the trumpets	“sounded the trumpets loudly” or “blew into the ram’s horn trumpets”
189	JOS	6	16	fj73	figs-pastforfuture	Yahweh has given you	Joshua is saying that Yahweh will definitely give them the city by saying that he has already given it to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
190	JOS	6	16	wdh6	figs-you	given you	The word “you” refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
191	JOS	6	17	ugl7		Connecting Statement:	Joshua continues speaking to the people of Israel.
192	JOS	6	17	w1sn	figs-activepassive	The city and all that is in it will be set apart to Yahweh for destruction	This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “You must set apart to Yahweh the city and all that is in it for destruction” or “You must set apart to Yahweh the city and all that is in it by destroying it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
193	JOS	6	18	ypv3	figs-metaphor	be on guard about taking the things	Being careful is spoken of as if they are to guard themselves. “Be careful that you do not take the things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
194	JOS	6	18	p8xv	figs-metaphor	you will bring trouble on it	Doing something that makes bad things to happen to the city is spoken of as bringing trouble on it. Alternate translation: “you will cause bad things to happen to it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
195	JOS	6	19	bz6i		the treasury of Yahweh	a collection of things set apart for the worship of Yahweh
196	JOS	6	20	fm69		the people gave a great shout	“the people of Israel shouted”
197	JOS	6	20	v2v6		gave blasts with the trumpets	“sounded the trumpets loudly” or “blew into the ram’s horn trumpets”
198	JOS	6	24	ny39		They burned the city	The word “they” refers to the Israelite soldiers. It does not refer only to the two young men who brought Rahab and her family out of the city.
199	JOS	6	25	w9ik	figs-metonymy	She lives in Israel	The word “She” refers to Rahab and represents her descendants. Alternate translation: “Her descendants live in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
200	JOS	6	25	qlj6		to this day	“now” or “even today.” Rahab’s descendants are still living in Israel as the original writer writes this story.
201	JOS	6	26	cq3c	figs-metaphor	Cursed is the man in Yahweh’s sight who rebuilds	Being cursed in Yahweh’s sight represents being cursed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man who rebuilds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
202	JOS	6	26	len7	figs-metaphor	At the cost of his firstborn son, he will lay the foundation	The consequence of a man laying a new foundation for Jericho is that his firstborn son would die. This is spoken of as if it were a cost that the man would pay. Alternate translation: “If he lays the foundation, he will lose his firstborn son” or “If he lays the foundation, his firstborn son will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
203	JOS	6	26	anp8	figs-metaphor	at the cost of his youngest son, he will set up its gates	The consequence of a man setting up new gates for Jericho is that his youngest son would die. This is spoken of as if it were a cost that the man would pay. Alternate translation: “If he sets up its gates, he will lose his youngest son” or “If he sets up it gates, his youngest son will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
204	JOS	6	27	brx7	figs-metaphor	his fame spread throughout the land	This refers to Joshua’s fame, not Yahweh’s. Becoming known among the people throughout the land is spoken of as if his fame spread. Alternate translation: “Joshua became famous throughout the land” or “people throughout the land learned about Joshua” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
205	JOS	7	intro	uv41			# Joshua 07 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin brought defeat<br><br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
206	JOS	7	1	mtm4		the things that were set apart for destruction	“the things that God had said they must set apart to him by destroying them”
207	JOS	7	1	z3zl	translate-names	Achan…Karmi…Zabdi…Zerah	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
208	JOS	7	1	li2v	figs-metaphor	Yahweh’s anger burned	“anger” and “burned” indicates intensity, not that fire is present. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s anger burned like a fire” or “Yahweh was very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
209	JOS	7	3	ui7f		all the people	This refers to the army of Israel.
210	JOS	7	3	z2xr		they are few in number	The word “they” refers to the people of Ai.
211	JOS	7	4	i5e8		three thousand men went up from the army	These men were part of the army. Alternate translation: “three thousand men belonging to the army went up”
212	JOS	7	4	ak54	translate-numbers	three thousand men	“3,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
213	JOS	7	5	nyw2	translate-numbers	thirty-six men	“36 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
214	JOS	7	5	zcr5	figs-parallelism	The hearts of the people melted and became like water	These phrases “melted” and “became like water” share similar meanings and are combined to emphasize that the people were extremely afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
215	JOS	7	5	j2v2	figs-synecdoche	The hearts of the people melted	Here the people are represented by their “hearts” to emphasize their emotions. Alternate translation: “The people were very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
216	JOS	7	5	h4tc		The hearts of the people	The phrase “the people” refers to the Israelite soldiers.
217	JOS	7	6	ty1c	translate-symaction	tore his garments…put dust on their heads and lay facedown on the ground in front of the ark of Yahweh	They did these things to show God how sad and distressed they were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
218	JOS	7	7	jb6r	figs-ellipsis	To give us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us?	Joshua was asking if this is the reason God had brought them across the Jordan. Alternate translation: “Did you do it in order to give us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
219	JOS	7	7	run5	figs-metonymy	To give us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us?	The hands of the Amorites represents their control and power. Giving the Israelites into their hands to destroy them represents allowing the Amorites to have control of the Israelites and destroy them. Alternate translation: “To allow the Amorites to destroy us? (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
220	JOS	7	7	aq5b		If only we made a different decision	The words “If only” show that this is a wish for something that had not happened. Alternate translation: “I wish we had made a different decision”
221	JOS	7	8	x4pf		General Information:	Joshua expresses frustration to God.
222	JOS	7	8	ke9p	figs-rquestion	what can I say, after Israel has turned their backs before their enemies?	Joshua said this to show how upset he was that he did not even know what to say. Alternate translation: “I do not know what to say. Israel has turned their backs before their enemies!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
223	JOS	7	8	s4eb	figs-metonymy	Israel has turned their backs before their enemies	Doing this represents running away from their enemies. Alternate translation: “Israel has run away from their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
224	JOS	7	9	n2kp	figs-metonymy	They will surround us and make the people of the earth forget our name	Making people forget the name of the Israelites represents making them forget the Israelites. In this case they would do it by killing the Israelites. Alternate translation: “They will surround us and kill us, and the people of the earth will forget about us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
225	JOS	7	9	r713	figs-metonymy	for your great name	The phrase “your great name” here represents God’s reputation and power. Alternate translation: “And so what will you do so that people will know that you are great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
226	JOS	7	9	vd3r	figs-rquestion	What will you do for your great name?	Joshua uses this question to warn God that if the Israelites are destroyed, then the other people will think that God is not great. Alternate translation: “Then there will be nothing you can do for your great name.” or “Then people will not know that you are great.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
227	JOS	7	10	ev1w		General Information:	Yahweh tells Joshua why Israel is cursed.
228	JOS	7	10	hqu3	figs-rquestion	Why are you lying there on your face?	God used this question to rebuke Joshua for lying there on his face. Alternate translation: “Stop lying there with your face in the dirt!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
229	JOS	7	11	lc29		the things that were set apart	These are the things “marked for destruction” from [Joshua 6:18-19](../06/18.md). Alternate translation: “the cursed things” or “those things which God has cursed”
230	JOS	7	11	dd18	figs-metaphor	They have stolen and then also hidden their sin	Hiding their sin represents trying to keep others from knowing that they have sinned. Alternate translation: “They have stolen those things, and then they tried to keep people from knowing that they sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
231	JOS	7	12	yzi5	figs-metonymy	cannot stand before their enemies	Standing before their enemies represents fighting successfully against their enemies. Alternate translation: “cannot fight successfully against their enemies” or “cannot defeat their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
232	JOS	7	12	xix1	figs-metonymy	They turned their backs from their enemies	Doing this represents running away from their enemies. Alternate translation: “They ran away from their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
233	JOS	7	12	fs9m	figs-metonymy	I will not be with you any more	Being with Israel represents helping Israel. Alternate translation: “I will not help you any more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
234	JOS	7	13	u4s8		Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua and tells him what to tell the people.
235	JOS	7	13	ln4q		the people	This refers to the people of Israel.
236	JOS	7	13	j4ki	figs-metonymy	You cannot stand against your enemies	Standing before their enemies represents fighting successfully against them. Alternate translation: “You cannot fight successfully against your enemies” or “You cannot defeat your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
237	JOS	7	14	gjw9		Connecting Statement:	Yahweh continues telling Joshua what he must tell the people.
238	JOS	7	14	dp8p	figs-idiom	you must present yourselves by your tribes	There were twelve tribes that made up the people of Israel. The phrase “by your tribes” means “each tribe.” Alternate translation: “each of your tribes must present themselves to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
239	JOS	7	14	scj7	figs-idiom	The tribe that Yahweh selects will come near by their clans	The tribe was made up of multiple clans. Alternate translation: “From the tribe that Yahweh selects, each clan will come near” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
240	JOS	7	14	crt9		The tribe that Yahweh selects	The leaders of Israel would toss lots, and by doing this, they would learn which tribe Yahweh had selected. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The tribe that Yahweh selects by lot” or “The tribe that Yahweh selects when we toss lots”
241	JOS	7	14	xl85	figs-idiom	The clan that Yahweh selects must come near by each household	The clan was made up of multiple households. Alternate translation: “From the clan that Yahweh selects, each household must come near” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
242	JOS	7	14	q8me	figs-idiom	The household that Yahweh selects must come near one by one	The household was made up of multiple people. Alternate translation: “From the household that Yahweh selects, each person must come near” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
243	JOS	7	15	d5nb	figs-activepassive	the one who is selected	This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “the one whom Yahweh selects” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
244	JOS	7	15	g1vn	figs-metaphor	he has broken the covenant of Yahweh	Breaking the covenant represents disobeying it. Alternate translation: “he has disobeyed the covenant of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
245	JOS	7	16	fdv2		General Information:	Joshua follows Yahweh’s command to bring Israel before Yahweh.
246	JOS	7	16	lzb4	figs-idiom	brought Israel near, tribe by tribe	The phrase “tribe by tribe” means each tribe. Alternate translation: “brought each tribe of Israel near” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
247	JOS	7	16	g7qp	figs-activepassive	the tribe of Judah was selected	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh selected the tribe of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
248	JOS	7	17	br4y	figs-idiom	He brought near the clan of the Zerahites person by person	The phrase “person by person” is an idiom meaning each person. The persons in this sentence were the leaders of their households. Alternate translation: “He brought near each person of the clan of the Zerahites” or “From the clan of the Zerahites, he brought near each man who was the leader of his household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
249	JOS	7	17	z419		the clan of the Zerahites	The clan was named after the man named Zerah.
250	JOS	7	17	ha7i	translate-names	Zabdi	This is a man’s name. Translate as you did in [Joshua 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
251	JOS	7	18	u41u	translate-names	Zabdi…Achan…Karmi…Zerah	These are men’s names. Translate them as you did in [Joshua 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
252	JOS	7	19	k521	figs-abstractnouns	give your confession to him	The abstract noun “confession” can be expressed with the verb “confess.” Alternate translation: “confess to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
253	JOS	7	19	fv9g	figs-metaphor	Do not hide it from me	Hiding information represents trying to keep someone from knowing it. Alternate translation: “Do not try to prevent me from knowing what you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
254	JOS	7	21	b9nn	translate-bweight	two hundred shekels	This is over two kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
255	JOS	7	21	y7vj	translate-bweight	fifty shekels	This is over 500 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
256	JOS	7	21	xw3j	figs-activepassive	They are hidden in the ground	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I hid them in the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
257	JOS	7	22	ahp1		they looked	“the men Joshua had sent looked”
258	JOS	7	23	vh7i		poured them out	Use the word in your language for pouring many small solid things out of a large bag onto the ground.
259	JOS	7	24	ta3l	translate-names	the Valley of Achor	The name means “Valley of Trouble,” but it is best to translate Achor the way it sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
260	JOS	7	25	vd6n	figs-rquestion	Why have you troubled us?	Joshua uses this question to rebuke Achan. Alternate translation: “You have troubled us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
261	JOS	7	25	i3rq		Then they stoned the rest with stones and burned them with fire.	Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites burned Achan’s family to death and then covered them with stones or 2) the Israelites stoned Achan’s family to death and then burned the dead bodies or 3) that Achan and his possessions were stoned and then burned.
262	JOS	7	26	zcp9	figs-metaphor	Yahweh turned away his burning anger	Turning away his anger represents stopping being angry. Burning anger represents strong anger. Alternate translation: “Yahweh stopped being angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
263	JOS	7	26	hfq5		until this present day	It was still called the valley of Achor at the time the author wrote this. Alternate translation: “even today” or “even now”
264	JOS	8	intro	f3jc			# Joshua 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin brought defeat<br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. Because they repented, Yahweh brought victory to Israel in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>### Built an altar<br>Altars were commonly built in the Ancient Near East to commemorate important events. Several altars were built in the Book of Joshua.<br>
265	JOS	8	1	l4p8	figs-parallelism	Do not fear; do not be discouraged	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that there is no reason to be afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
266	JOS	8	1	den6	figs-metonymy	I have given into your hand the king of Ai…and his land	Giving them into Israel’s hand represents giving Israel victory and control over them. Alternate translation: “I have given you victory over the king of Ai and his people, and I have given you control over his city and his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
267	JOS	8	1	t7bq	figs-pastforfuture	I have given	God speaks of what he promises to do as though he had already done it, because he will certainly do it. Alternate translation: “I will certainly give” or “I am giving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
268	JOS	8	2	h3r6	figs-personification	her king	The word “her” refers to the city of Ai. Cities were often spoken of as if they were women. Alternate translation: “its king” or “their king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
269	JOS	8	3	k4uk		the men of war	“the army of Israel”
270	JOS	8	5	vtq4		General Information:	Joshua continues to explain the battle plan to his soldiers.
271	JOS	8	7	fw9x	figs-metonymy	will give it into your hand	Here “hand” symbolizes the control and power the people have over their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
272	JOS	8	8	aj5t		General Information:	Joshua finishes explaining the battle plan to his soldiers.
273	JOS	8	9	yt5n		Joshua sent them out	This phrase refers to Joshua sending the thirty thousand men who had been selected to ambush Ai to where they would set the ambush.
274	JOS	8	9	i3lf		the place of ambush	“where they would hide until it was time to attack”
275	JOS	8	12	ycd3	translate-numbers	five thousand men	“5,000 men.” This group seems to be a portion of the “thirty thousand men” ([Joshua 8:9](../08/09.md)). This smaller group remained in the ambush while the other 25,000 men attacked the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
276	JOS	8	13	j7b9		General Information:	The Israelites prepare to fight the people of Ai.
277	JOS	8	13	s1lu		the main army	This refers to the largest group of fighting men, those not in the ambush group.
278	JOS	8	13	nq1b		rear guard	those who were “set in ambush on the west side of the city” ([Joshua 8:12](../08/12.md))
279	JOS	8	15	a83i	figs-metonymy	let themselves be defeated before them	“let themselves be defeated before the people of Ai.” The phrase “before them” represents what the people of Ai would see and think. The phrase “be defeated” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let the people of Ai think that the Israelites were defeated” or “let the people of Ai think that they had defeated the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
280	JOS	8	15	w933		before them	the army of Ai
281	JOS	8	15	bri5		they fled	The army of Israel fled.
282	JOS	8	16	dr3a		they went after…they were drawn away	These occurrences of “they” refer to the army of Ai.
283	JOS	8	16	m6sq		to go after them	to go after the army of Isreal
284	JOS	8	16	lcb5	figs-activepassive	All the people who were in the city were called together	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The city leaders called all the people in the city together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
285	JOS	8	16	k8ff	figs-hyperbole	All the people who were in the city	The writer speaks in a general way about all the people, but “all the people” refers only to those who could fight. Alternate translation: “all the people in the city who could help chase the army of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
286	JOS	8	17	zip6		left it open	“left the city gates open”
287	JOS	8	18	xe2m	figs-metonymy	I will give Ai into your hand	Giving Ai into Israel’s hand represents giving Israel victory and control over Ai. Alternate translation: “I will give you victory over Ai” or “I will cause you to capture Ai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
288	JOS	8	24	v2gf	figs-parallelism	when Israel had finished killing all the inhabitants…when all of them…had fallen by the edge of the sword	The writer uses both of these sentences, which mean almost the same thing, to strongly say that the Israelites had obeyed God’s command to kill everyone in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
289	JOS	8	24	dd98	figs-euphemism	had fallen by the edge of the sword	Here “fallen” is a euphemism for dying. Also, “the edge of the sword” represents whole swords, and swords represent either battle or the army of Israel. Alternate translation: “had died in battle” or “had died when the army of Israel attacked them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
290	JOS	8	25	d2ud	translate-numbers	twelve thousand	“12,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
291	JOS	8	28	uiv3		an abandoned place	It is a place where people once lived, but now, no one lives there.
292	JOS	8	29	wd9u		to this day	“today” or “even now”
293	JOS	8	30	xev4	translate-names	Mount Ebal	a mountain in Canaan (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
294	JOS	8	35	ym6u	figs-doublenegatives	There was not one word from all that Moses commanded that Joshua did not read	This can be expressed positively. Alternate translation: “Joshua read every word of all that Moses commanded” or “Joshua read the entire law of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
295	JOS	8	35	kdu7	figs-metonymy	Israel	This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
296	JOS	9	intro	w1cx			# Joshua 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel’s mistake<br><br>Israel was deceived because “they did not consult with Yahweh for guidance.” Instead of consulting Yahweh, they attempted to achieve victory under their own power. This was sinful. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
297	JOS	9	1	g4h4	translate-names	the Jordan	a shortened name for the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
298	JOS	9	2	uj94	figs-metonymy	under one command	Here “command” represents the one who commanded them. Being under him represents obeying his commands. Alternate translation: “obeying the commands of one leader” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
299	JOS	9	4	r5yb		cunning plan	a crafty scheme intended to trick Joshua and the Israelites
300	JOS	9	5	q9v6		dry and moldy	“dry and filled with fungus” or “stale and ruined”
301	JOS	9	6	rz8e	figs-synecdoche	men of Israel	This refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
302	JOS	9	7	w599	translate-names	the Hivites	This is another name for the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
303	JOS	9	7	t1r4	figs-rquestion	Perhaps you live near us. How can we make a covenant with you?	Joshua is emphasizing that the people of Israel have to follow the command of Yahweh above all else. Alternate translation: “If you do live near us, we cannot make a covenant with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
304	JOS	9	10	kam4	translate-names	Sihon	This is the name of the defeated Amorite king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
305	JOS	9	10	s17h	translate-names	Heshbon	This is the name of the royal city of the nation of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
306	JOS	9	10	pz6y	translate-names	Og	This is the name of the defeated king of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
307	JOS	9	10	p9ed	translate-names	Ashtaroth	This is the name of a city known for worshiping the goddess of the same name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
308	JOS	9	11	hq3m	figs-synecdoche	in your hand	This phrase means “take with you.” Here the word “hand” represents the possession by the Gibeonites of the provisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
309	JOS	9	11	k7fe		meet them and say to them	The word “them” refers to the people of Israel.
310	JOS	9	15	f67z	figs-parallelism	Joshua made peace with them and made a covenant with them, to let them live. The leaders of the people also made a vow to them.	These two sentences are saying that the same thing occurred. Joshua, the leader of the nation of Israel, promised not to kill the Gibeonites. The leaders of the nation of Israel, likewise, made the same covenant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
311	JOS	9	15	je8p	figs-metonymy	the people	Here this refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
312	JOS	9	17	s1u5	translate-numbers	third day	This refers to number three in order. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
313	JOS	9	17	q18q	translate-names	Kephirah	This is one of the cities of the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
314	JOS	9	17	j671	translate-names	Beeroth	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
315	JOS	9	17	alr9	translate-names	Kiriath Jearim	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
316	JOS	9	19	a168		the people	Here this phrase refers to the nation of Israel.
317	JOS	9	21	wg7n		the Gibeonites became cutters of wood and drawers of water	“the Gibeonites became woodcutters and water carriers”
318	JOS	9	23	zlp7	figs-metonymy	house of my God	Here this phrase refers to the dwelling place of Yahweh, the Tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
319	JOS	9	25	a5un	figs-doublet	Whatever seems good and right	The words “good” and “right” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Whatever seems fair and just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
320	JOS	9	26	gy9c		for them	The word “them” here refers to the Gibeonites.
321	JOS	9	27	p81s		to this day	“even up to now.” This means that the people had continued to do these things even up to the day that the writer was living.
322	JOS	10	intro	uy1f			# Joshua 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 10:12-13 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are a poem.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “For Yahweh was waging war on behalf of Israel”<br>Israel’s conquest of the Promised Land was Yahweh’s war on the ungodly Canaanites more than Israel’s war. This type of war was different from other wars and God gave Israel special instructions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br><br>The people of Gibeon used an idiom when they called for help from Israel: “Do not withdraw your hands,” meaning “do not stop protecting.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br>
323	JOS	10	1	au8p		Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer tells about a new person in the story, Adoni-Zedek.
324	JOS	10	1	y65k	translate-names	Adoni-Zedek	This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
325	JOS	10	3	y6ss	translate-names	Jarmuth…Lachish…Eglon	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
326	JOS	10	3	k9rg	translate-names	Hoham…Piram…Japhia…Debir	These are the names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
327	JOS	10	4	ct5k		Come up to me	“Travel to where I am.” Jerusalem was higher in elevation than other cities in Canaan.
328	JOS	10	5	d9vy	translate-numbers	five kings	“5 kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
329	JOS	10	5	m422	translate-names	Jarmuth…Lachish…Eglon	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
330	JOS	10	5	vs78		They set up their positions against Gibeon	This means they set up their camp around their city. This was a way of weakening those in the city. It prevented people from escaping the city, and it prevented others from bringing food and water to them in the city.
331	JOS	10	6	wk68		They said	The word “They” here refers to Gibeonites.
332	JOS	10	6	zhx9	figs-litotes	Do not withdraw your hands from your servants	This humble request is stated with two negatives to emphasize the need for a positive action. Alternate translation: “Please come and use your strength to protect us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
333	JOS	10	6	am1x	figs-metonymy	your hands	The word “hands” here refers to the people of Israel’s strength. Alternate translation: “your strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
334	JOS	10	8	c4uw	figs-metonymy	I have given them into your hand	Here “hand” represents the people of Israel’s strength and their ability to defeat their enemy. The word “them” refers to the attacking army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
335	JOS	10	8	du96		I have given them	Here the word “them” refers to the attacking armies.
336	JOS	10	9	ecq8	figs-synecdoche	Joshua came	The entire army of Israel is referred to here by the name of their commander, Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
337	JOS	10	10	sq89		Yahweh confused the enemy before Israel	Here “Israel” refers to the entire army of Israel.
338	JOS	10	10	yr7y	translate-names	Beth Horon…Azekah…Makkedah	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
339	JOS	10	11	fbf9	translate-names	Beth Horon…Azekah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
340	JOS	10	11	tuc9		threw large stones down from heaven	“threw large hailstones from the sky”
341	JOS	10	12	si1e	figs-parallelism	Sun, be still at Gibeon, and moon, in the Valley of Aijalon	Joshua is praying that Yahweh would make the progression of time stop on this day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
342	JOS	10	12	j9zt	figs-personification	Sun…moon	Joshua commands the sun and moon as if these were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
343	JOS	10	12	ug8m	translate-names	Valley of Aijalon	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
344	JOS	10	13	dq14	figs-metonymy	the nation	This refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
345	JOS	10	13	b91l	figs-rquestion	Is this not written in the Book of Jashar?	The writer uses this question as background information to remind the reader that the incident is well-documented. Alternate translation: “This is written in The Book of Jashar.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
346	JOS	10	16	wcb9	translate-names	Makkedah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
347	JOS	10	17	mns8	figs-activepassive	It was told to Joshua	Messengers came and told Joshua. Alternate translation: “Someone told Joshua” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
348	JOS	10	19	l8tl	figs-metonymy	into your hand	The phrase “your hand” here means “your control.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
349	JOS	10	21	kb3w	translate-names	Makkedah	Translate the same way as you did in [Joshua 10:10](../10/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
350	JOS	10	21	py6w		No one dared to say one word against	“No one dared to say anything against” or “No one dared to complain or protest against”
351	JOS	10	22	zs9n	figs-idiom	Open the mouth of the cave	Here “mouth” is an idiom that means “entrance.” Alternate translation: “Open the entrance of the cave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
352	JOS	10	23	g4te	translate-names	Jarmuth…Lachish…Eglon	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
353	JOS	10	24	dnc1	figs-synecdoche	every man of Israel	Here the men of Israel represent only those who were soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
354	JOS	10	27	e9z9		to this very day	“until the author wrote this story”
355	JOS	10	28	e1nc	translate-names	Makkedah	This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [Joshua 10:10](../10/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
356	JOS	10	28	nhk6	figs-parallelism	He completely destroyed everyone in it. He left no survivor in it	The second sentence summarizes the first sentence to emphasize that Joshua left no person or animal alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
357	JOS	10	29	k439	translate-names	Libnah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
358	JOS	10	31	dsk6	translate-names	Libnah…Lachish	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
359	JOS	10	32	yw79	figs-metonymy	into the hand of Israel	Here their “hand” represents their control. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave Lachish into the control of the nation of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
360	JOS	10	33	rff2	translate-names	Horam	This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
361	JOS	10	33	lp2c	translate-names	Gezer…Lachish	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
362	JOS	10	34	y3g9	translate-names	Lachish…Eglon	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
363	JOS	10	35	dqi7	figs-doublet	struck it with the edge of the sword…completely destroyed everyone in it	These two phrases have similar meanings. Together they show the completeness of the destruction of Eglon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
364	JOS	10	36	a6ng	translate-names	Eglon	This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
365	JOS	10	37	gba2	figs-metonymy	They captured it and struck it with the edge of the sword	The sword represents the army of Israel and striking expresses the idea of slaughter and destruction. Alternate translation: “They captured and killed and destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
366	JOS	10	38	mr8b	translate-names	Debir	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
367	JOS	10	39	g2ta	translate-names	Debir…Libnah	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
368	JOS	10	39	m8bf	figs-metonymy	They struck them with the edge of the sword	The sword represents the army of Israel and striking expresses the idea of slaughter and destruction. Alternate translation: “They killed and destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
369	JOS	10	40	u843	figs-parallelism	Of all their kings he left not one survivor. He completely destroyed every living thing	These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize the complete destruction that the people of Israel accomplished at Yahweh’s command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
370	JOS	10	42	qy8i		Joshua captured all these kings and their land	This refers to the kings and lands that were listed beginning in [Joshua 10:28](../10/28.md).
371	JOS	10	42	rbp2	figs-synecdoche	Joshua captured	Here Joshua represents his whole army. Alternate translation: “Joshua and his soldiers captured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
372	JOS	10	42	f9tx		at one time	This does not mean in one day. It means during one military campaign, which may have lasted many days or weeks.
373	JOS	11	intro	g8mw			# Joshua 11 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh overcomes the united forces of the northern kingdoms<br><br>Yahweh said to Joshua, “Do not be afraid in their presence, because tomorrow at this time I am giving them all to Israel as dead men.” Even when the kingdoms of Canaan joined forces, they were not able to overcome the power of Yahweh.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>### “Yahweh gave the enemy into the hand of Israel”<br>This phrase may present difficulties in translation. The translator should ensure that Yahweh receives credit for Israel’s victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br>
374	JOS	11	1	a1ca	translate-names	Jabin…Jobab	These are names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
375	JOS	11	1	zi5u	translate-names	Hazor…Madon…Shimron…Akshaph	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
376	JOS	11	2	gz61	translate-names	Kinnereth…Naphoth Dor	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
377	JOS	11	3	rds6	translate-names	Mount Hermon	This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
378	JOS	11	4	d9fb		General Information:	All the Canaanite kings attack Joshua and the nation of Israel.
379	JOS	11	4	e5l4	figs-hyperbole	a great number of soldiers, in number like the sand on the seashore	No one can count the grains of sand on the seashore. This exaggeration emphasizes the very large number of soldiers that these kings assembled. Alternate translation: “such a great number of soldiers that there appeared to be as many of them as there are grains of sand on the seashore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
380	JOS	11	5	kc2e	translate-names	Merom	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
381	JOS	11	6	n348	figs-metaphor	I am giving them all to Israel as dead men	Yahweh enabling Israel to conquer the enemy army and kill all of the soldiers is spoken of as if Yahweh killed the soldiers and then gave them to Israel. Alternate translation: “I will enable Israel to kill all of them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
382	JOS	11	6	lgk2		hamstring their horses	“cripple their horses by cutting their legs.” This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot walk.
383	JOS	11	7	sm9k	translate-names	Merom	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
384	JOS	11	8	cw9y	figs-metaphor	Yahweh gave the enemy into the hand of Israel	Here the word “hand” represents power. Yahweh enabling the army of Israel to conquer their enemy is spoken of as if Yahweh had put the enemy army into Israel’s hand. Alternate translation: “Yahweh enabled Israel to conquer the enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
385	JOS	11	8	n4ub		struck them…struck them	“attacked them…attacked them”
386	JOS	11	8	m9b1	translate-names	Misrephoth Maim	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
387	JOS	11	9	q7dn		hamstrung	This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot run. See how you translated this word in [Joshua 11:6](../11/06.md).
388	JOS	11	10	pbp8		He struck its king with the sword	“Joshua killed the king of Hazor with his sword”
389	JOS	11	10	cjd1	figs-metaphor	Hazor had been head of all these kingdoms	Hazor being the most important city is spoken of as Hazor being the head of the other kingdoms. Alternate translation: Hazor had been the most important of all these kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
390	JOS	11	11	be72	figs-parallelism	They struck with the sword every living creature that was there…so there was not any living creature left alive	These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
391	JOS	11	11	z2md	figs-synecdoche	he set them apart to be destroyed	The word “he” refers to Joshua and represents himself and his army. Completely destroying every living thing in the city is spoken of as if those living things were dedicated for destruction. Alternate translation: “the army completely destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
392	JOS	11	12	i5tz		struck them with the edge of the sword	“killed them”
393	JOS	11	13	f8kv		cities built on mounds	“cities built on small hills”
394	JOS	11	14	grk1	figs-rpronouns	for themselves	This phrase refers to the army of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
395	JOS	11	14	n215	figs-parallelism	They killed every human being with the edge of the sword until all were dead. They left alive no creature that breathed.	These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
396	JOS	11	15	ta4x	figs-litotes	He left nothing undone of all that Yahweh commanded Moses to do	This negative phrase emphasizes that Joshua did everything that Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “Joshua did everything that Yahweh commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
397	JOS	11	17	yr6b	translate-names	Mount Halak…Baal Gad	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
398	JOS	11	20	pq7v	figs-metaphor	it was Yahweh who hardened their hearts	Yahweh causing the people of the cities to be stubborn is spoken of as if Yahweh had hardened their hearts. Alternate translation: “it was Yahweh who caused them to act stubbornly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
399	JOS	11	21	im1q	translate-names	Anakim	These are the descendants of Anak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
400	JOS	11	21	p6cd	translate-names	Debir…Anab	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
401	JOS	11	23	qe5v	figs-metaphor	Joshua gave it as an inheritance to Israel	Joshua giving the land to the Israelites is spoken of as if he had given the Israelites an inheritance as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “Joshua gave the land to the Israelites as a permanent possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
402	JOS	11	23	x695	figs-personification	the land had rest from the wars	The people no longer fighting wars is spoken of as if the land were a person who rested from war. Alternate translation: “the people no longer fought wars in the land” or “there was peace in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
403	JOS	12	intro	ga6k			# Joshua 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 12:2-5 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are part of a long list.<br>
404	JOS	12	1	e45x	writing-background	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer begins to provide background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
405	JOS	12	1	fe2c		these are the kings	This refers to the list of kings that continues through verse 24.
406	JOS	12	1	g8ju	translate-names	the Arabah	These are the names of a region of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
407	JOS	12	2	uv1m	translate-names	Aroer	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
408	JOS	12	2	ts6s		Sihon…Heshbon	See how you translated these words in [Joshua 9:10](../09/10.md).
409	JOS	12	3	dh7d		Sea of Kinnereth	This is a place. See how you translated this in [Joshua 11:2](../11/02.md).
410	JOS	12	3	gc3x	translate-names	Beth Jeshimoth…Mount Pisgah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
411	JOS	12	4	zb6d		Og, king of Bashan	See how you translated this man’s name in [Joshua 9:10](../09/10.md).
412	JOS	12	4	m4ct	translate-names	the Rephaim	These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
413	JOS	12	4	t7hy	translate-names	Ashtaroth…Edrei	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
414	JOS	12	5	vu4f	translate-names	Salekah	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
415	JOS	12	5	sbq3	translate-names	Maacathites	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
416	JOS	12	6	bsj6		Reubenites	These are the descendants of Reuben.
417	JOS	12	6	p8zt		Gadites	These are the descendants of Gad.
418	JOS	12	6	zk48		half tribe of Manasseh	They are called a half tribe because the other half of the tribe received an inheritance in the land of Canaan.
419	JOS	12	7	nie7	translate-names	Baal Gad…Mount Halak	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
420	JOS	12	8	z37z	translate-names	the Arabah	This is the name of a region of land. Translate as in [Joshua 12:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
421	JOS	12	10	ps2m	translate-names	Enaim	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
422	JOS	12	11	aj97	translate-names	Jarmuth…Lachish	These are the names of cities. Translate in the same way you did in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
423	JOS	12	12	bgl2	translate-names	Eglon…Gezer	These are the names of cities. Translate “Eglon” in the same way you did in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
424	JOS	12	13	mgg8	translate-names	Debir…Geder	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
425	JOS	12	14	e9ba	translate-names	Hormah…Arad	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
426	JOS	12	15	nec9	translate-names	Libnah…Adullam	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
427	JOS	12	16	se49	translate-names	Makkedah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
428	JOS	12	17	g346	translate-names	Tappuah…Hepher	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
429	JOS	12	18	m8vl	translate-names	Aphek…Lasharon	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
430	JOS	12	19	ga17	translate-names	Madon…Hazor	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
431	JOS	12	20	cq4i	translate-names	Shimron Meron…Akshaph	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
432	JOS	12	21	pv5n	translate-names	Taanach…Megiddo	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
433	JOS	12	22	z2b9	translate-names	Kedesh…Jokneam	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
434	JOS	12	23	a6eq	translate-names	Dor…Naphoth Dor…Goyim	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
435	JOS	12	24	kv8w	translate-names	Tirzah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
436	JOS	12	24	aeg5	translate-numbers	thirty-one in all	“31 in all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
437	JOS	13	intro	zl7s			# Joshua 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section about dividing the land between the tribes of Israel.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Division of the land<br><br>There was still much land to be captured west of the Jordan River, but the tribe of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Mannasah received their land east of the Jordan. This land had been promised to them in Numbers 32.<br><br>### Driving out the people<br><br>While Yahweh achieved many great victories through Joshua, Israel was still supposed to drive out the rest of the Canaanites. Israel’s success in this would depend on their faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br>
438	JOS	13	2	s51z	figs-explicit	This is the land that still remains	You may clarify that this is the land that Israel still needs to capture. Alternate translation: “This is the land that still remains for Israel to capture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
439	JOS	13	3	q1nv	translate-names	Shihor	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
440	JOS	13	3	a3iw	figs-activepassive	which is considered property of the Canaanites	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which the Canaanites now consider their property” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
441	JOS	13	3	jnl3	translate-names	Avvites	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
442	JOS	13	4	b13s	translate-names	Arah…Aphek	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
443	JOS	13	5	bj71	translate-names	Baal Gad…Mount Hermon	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
444	JOS	13	5	jd8r	translate-names	Gebalites	This is the name of a people group who lived in Geba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
445	JOS	13	6	b7pk	translate-names	Misrephoth Maim	this is the name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
446	JOS	13	6	si8i	figs-metaphor	land…as an inheritance	The land that Israel will claim is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they will receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
447	JOS	13	9	gfc4	translate-names	Aroer…Medeba…Dibon	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
448	JOS	13	9	lk8d		gorge	a place where the river is far below the land on the sides
449	JOS	13	9	t2an		plateau	flat land high above rivers
450	JOS	13	10	zm4w	translate-names	Heshbon	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
451	JOS	13	11	whz4	translate-names	Salekah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
452	JOS	13	11	kc79		the region of the Geshurites and Maacathites	“the land where the Geshurites and Maacathites lived”
453	JOS	13	11	l98j	translate-names	Maacathites	These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
454	JOS	13	12	hw24	translate-names	Ashtaroth…Edrei	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
455	JOS	13	12	u2dn	translate-names	Rephaim	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
456	JOS	13	12	l1cu	figs-synecdoche	Moses struck them	Here “Moses” represents himself and the Israelite army that Moses led. Alternate translation: “Moses and the Israelites attacked them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
457	JOS	13	13	zb9l	translate-names	the Geshurites or the Maacathites	These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
458	JOS	13	13	hu1n	figs-explicit	Geshur and Maacath live among Israel	“Geshur” and “Maacath” are either the names of the ancestors of “the Geshurites” and “the Maacathites” or are the names of the cities in which they lived. Alternate translation: “those people live among Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
459	JOS	13	13	xw7d		to this day	This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
460	JOS	13	14	zs6y	figs-metaphor	Moses gave no inheritance	The land that Moses assigned to the tribes of Israel is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
461	JOS	13	14	v9zc	figs-metaphor	The offerings of Yahweh…are their inheritance	The writer speaks of the great honor that the Levites had by serving Yahweh as priests as if the offerings were something that they would inherit. Alternate translation: “The offerings of Yahweh…are what they will have for their provision” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
462	JOS	13	14	br61		offerings of Yahweh	“offerings that the people were to bring to Yahweh”
463	JOS	13	14	lz8a	figs-activepassive	made by fire	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the priests burned with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
464	JOS	13	16	f1uv	translate-names	Aroer…Medeba	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
465	JOS	13	16	s5yv		gorge…plateau	See how you translated these words in [Joshua 13:9](../13/09.md).
466	JOS	13	17	y6iu	translate-names	Heshbon…Dibon…Bamoth Baal…Beth Baal Meon	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
467	JOS	13	18	i4fe	translate-names	Jahaz…Kedemoth…Mephaath	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
468	JOS	13	19	f1h3	translate-names	Kiriathaim…Sibmah…Zereth Shahar	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
469	JOS	13	20	is7v	translate-names	Beth Peor…Pisgah…Beth Jeshimoth	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
470	JOS	13	21	uld7	translate-names	Heshbon	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
471	JOS	13	21	j6hq	translate-names	Sihon…Evi…Rekem…Zur…Hur…Reba	These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
472	JOS	13	21	x56e		together with the leaders of Midian	“as he had defeated the leaders of Midian”
473	JOS	13	23	gc1r		this is their boundary	The Jordan River was the western border of the land that the tribe of Reuben received.
474	JOS	13	23	x56m	figs-metaphor	This was the inheritance of the tribe of Reuben	The land that Moses assigned to the tribe of Reuben is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribe of Reuben received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
475	JOS	13	23	ud8m	figs-activepassive	given to each of their clans	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that Moses gave to each of their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
476	JOS	13	25	fmp2	translate-names	Jazer…Aroer…Rabbah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
477	JOS	13	26	mr54	translate-names	Heshbon…Ramath Mizpah…Betonim…Mahanaim…Debir	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
478	JOS	13	27	ie4m	translate-names	Beth Haram…Beth Nimrah…Zaphon…Heshbon	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
479	JOS	13	28	hla2	figs-metaphor	This is the inheritance of the tribe of Gad	The land that Moses assigned to the tribe of Gad is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribe of Gad received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
480	JOS	13	29	we69	figs-metaphor	Moses gave an inheritance to the half tribe of Manasseh	The land that Moses assigned to the half tribe of Manasseh is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he gave to them as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
481	JOS	13	29	gs84		half tribe of Manasseh	Only half of the tribe received this land because the other half received land on the other side of the Jordan River.
482	JOS	13	29	p8yw	figs-activepassive	It was assigned	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Moses assigned it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
483	JOS	13	30	s32g	translate-names	Mahanaim…Jair	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
484	JOS	13	31	b2aa	translate-names	Ashtaroth…Edrei	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
485	JOS	13	31	zde9	figs-activepassive	These were assigned	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Moses assigned these” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
486	JOS	13	31	g5si	translate-names	Machir	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
487	JOS	13	32	hh57	figs-metaphor	This is the inheritance that Moses assigned to them	The land that Moses assigned to the tribes of Israel on the east side of the Jordan is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Moses gave to them as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This is the land that Moses assigned to them as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
488	JOS	13	33	ce57	figs-metaphor	Yahweh, the God of Israel, is their inheritance	The writer speaks of the great honor that the Levites had by serving Yahweh as priests as if Yahweh were something that they would inherit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, the God of Israel, is what they have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
489	JOS	14	intro	dsn7			# Joshua 14 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
490	JOS	14	1	u4tc	figs-metaphor	the areas of land that the people of Israel received as their inheritance	The land that the people of Israel acquired is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
491	JOS	14	1	ql64		tribal leaders	“leaders of the tribes”
492	JOS	14	2	f1ux	figs-activepassive	Their inheritance was selected by lot	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Eleazar, Joshua, and the tribal leaders cast lots to determine the inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
493	JOS	14	2	ti9l	figs-synecdoche	by the hand of Moses	Here the word “hand” refers to Moses himself and means that Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “through Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
494	JOS	14	3	ptq4	figs-metaphor	Moses had given the inheritance of the two and one-half tribes beyond the Jordan, but to the Levites he gave no inheritance	The land that Moses gave to the tribes is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
495	JOS	14	4	tye1	figs-activepassive	The Levites were given no portion of the inheritance in the land	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “And Moses did not give a portion of the inheritance to the Levites in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
496	JOS	14	4	c5l6		portion	“part”
497	JOS	14	4	tj8s	figs-ellipsis	but only certain cities to live in	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “but he gave to them only certain cities to live in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
498	JOS	14	4	m4nv		pasturelands	fields of grass for the livestock to eat
499	JOS	14	4	j8ys		material resources	physical things they needed so they could provide for their families
500	JOS	14	6	b9tc	translate-names	Jephunneh	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
501	JOS	14	6	g6g8	translate-names	Kenizzite	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
502	JOS	14	7	wqe2	figs-idiom	I brought him a report again as it was in my heart to make	Here the word “heart” represents the thoughts. The phrase is an idiom that refers to a report that is given honestly. Alternate translation: “I brought back to him an honest report” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
503	JOS	14	8	q6zs	figs-metaphor	made the heart of the people melt with fear	Making the people very afraid is spoken of as if it were making the hearts of the people melt. Alternate translation: “made the people very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
504	JOS	14	8	d53a	figs-metaphor	I completely followed Yahweh	Being loyal to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were completely following Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I remained loyal to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
505	JOS	14	9	ew2r	figs-metaphor	the land…will be an inheritance for you and for your children forever	The land that Caleb and his descendants would have is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
506	JOS	14	9	shc9	figs-synecdoche	the land on which your foot has walked	Here “your foot” represents Caleb. Alternate translation: “the land on which you have walked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
507	JOS	14	10	m9sn		look	“pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
508	JOS	14	10	c4ma		while Israel walked in the wilderness	“while the people of Israel traveled in the wilderness”
509	JOS	14	11	q443		My strength is now as my strength was then	“I am still as strong now as I was then”
510	JOS	14	11	y4nf	figs-idiom	for going and coming	This is an idiom that refers to daily activities. Alternate translation: “for the things I do every day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
511	JOS	14	12	r8ka		hill country	Possible meanings are 1) many large hills or small mountains or 2) one mountain.
512	JOS	14	12	ner3	translate-names	Anakim	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
513	JOS	14	13	q6ae	figs-metaphor	gave Hebron as an inheritance to Caleb	Hebron is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Caleb received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
514	JOS	14	14	gji6		to this day	This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
515	JOS	14	14	zii3	figs-metaphor	he completely followed Yahweh	Being loyal to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were completely following Yahweh. Alternate translation: “he remained loyal to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
516	JOS	14	15	hyh6	translate-names	Kiriath Arba	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
517	JOS	14	15	wv1z	figs-personification	Then the land had rest from war	The people no longer fighting wars is spoken of as if the land were a person who rested from war. See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 11:23](../11/23.md). Alternate translation: “Then the people no longer fought wars in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
518	JOS	15	intro	ght5			# Joshua 15 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Judah. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
519	JOS	15	1	ex51	translate-names	Zin	This is the name of the wilderness area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
520	JOS	15	2	k5za		from the end of the Salt Sea, from the bay that faces to the south	“from the bay that faces south at the end of the Salt Sea.” These two phrases refer to the same location. The second phrase clarifies the point at which the southern border begins.
521	JOS	15	2	j6xn		from the bay that faces to the south	“from the bay that extends to the south” or “from the southern bay”
522	JOS	15	2	qj2g		bay	smaller part of the sea that extends into the land
523	JOS	15	3	yar9		Their boundary	“The border of the land belonging to the tribe of Judah”
524	JOS	15	3	kb99	translate-names	Akrabbim…Zin…Hezron…Addar…Karka	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
525	JOS	15	4	nzh3	translate-names	Azmon	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
526	JOS	15	4	d1b1	translate-names	brook of Egypt	a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land, near Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
527	JOS	15	5	xrg4	figs-metaphor	at the mouth of the Jordan	The point at which the river empties into the sea is spoken of as if it were the mouth of the river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
528	JOS	15	5	bl5c		border…ran	“border…was”
529	JOS	15	6	lbt5	translate-names	Beth Hoglah…Beth Arabah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
530	JOS	15	6	eqi7	translate-names	the Stone of Bohan	This was likely a large stone that someone set up as a landmark and named after the man, Bohan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
531	JOS	15	7	n7k5	translate-names	Debir…the Valley of Achor…the hill of Adummim…En Shemesh…En Rogel	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
532	JOS	15	8	qa4u	translate-names	the Valley of Ben Hinnom…the Valley of Rephaim	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
533	JOS	15	9	hb3j	translate-names	Nephtoah…Mount Ephron…Baalah…Kiriath Jearim	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
534	JOS	15	10	h92v	translate-names	Baalah…Mount Seir…Mount Jearim…Kesalon…Beth Shemesh…Timnah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
535	JOS	15	11	n6qt	translate-names	Shikkeron…Mount Baalah…Jabneel	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
536	JOS	15	13	gx9f	translate-names	Kiriath Arba	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
537	JOS	15	13	v154	translate-names	Arba…Anak	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
538	JOS	15	14	jp1i	figs-explicit	the three sons of Anak: Sheshai, Ahiman and Talmai, descendants of Anak	These names represent clans of people who were descendants of Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai. The words “sons” and “descendants” in this context mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “the three clans, Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai, who were descendants of Anak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
539	JOS	15	14	q23k	translate-names	Anak…Sheshai…Ahiman…Talmai	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
540	JOS	15	15	n52j		He went up from there against	“He went up from there to fight against”
541	JOS	15	15	k99v	translate-names	Debir…Kiriath Sepher	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
542	JOS	15	16	hs9c	translate-names	Kiriath Sepher	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
543	JOS	15	16	z82q	translate-names	Aksah	This is a woman’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
544	JOS	15	17	kvc1	translate-names	Othniel…Kenaz	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
545	JOS	15	18	d6qf	figs-idiom	Aksah came to Othniel	This is an idiom that refers to Aksah becoming Othniel’s wife. Alternate translation: “when Aksah became Othniel’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
546	JOS	15	18	ia6d	figs-quotations	she urged him to ask her father for a field.	This can be translated as direct speech. Alternate translation: “she urged him, ‘Ask my father to give me a field.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
547	JOS	15	19	nun3		the upper springs and lower springs	The words “upper” and “lower” likely refer to the geographical altitude of the water springs.
548	JOS	15	20	q76c	figs-metaphor	This was the inheritance of the tribe of Judah	The land that the tribe of Judah received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
549	JOS	15	21	lgx2	translate-names		The writer lists the southern cities of which Judah took possession. The list continues through [Joshua 15:32](../15/32.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
550	JOS	15	25	p1i9	translate-names		The list of cities continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
551	JOS	15	29	s9jl	translate-names		The list of cities continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
552	JOS	15	33	tn8z	translate-names	General Information:	The writer lists the northern cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
553	JOS	15	37	hw58	translate-names		The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
554	JOS	15	40	g4g9	translate-names		The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
555	JOS	15	42	zw9m	translate-names		The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
556	JOS	15	45	y153	translate-names		The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
557	JOS	15	46	dfe2		settlements	villages
558	JOS	15	47	hsx1	translate-names	brook of Egypt	a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land near Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
559	JOS	15	48	m88k	translate-names		The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
560	JOS	15	52	tq94	translate-names		The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
561	JOS	15	55	x6gv	translate-names		The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
562	JOS	15	58	vub1	translate-names		The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
563	JOS	15	60	ts23	translate-names		The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
564	JOS	15	63	j68z		to this day	This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
565	JOS	16	intro	bpv3			# Joshua 16 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Ephraim, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
566	JOS	16	1	b1k9	figs-explicit	the tribe of Joseph	The “tribe of Joseph” consisted of the tribes of Joseph’s two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. Since half of the tribe of Manasseh had settled east of the Jordan, this phrase refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
567	JOS	16	2	g9td	translate-names	Luz…Ataroth	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
568	JOS	16	2	zs9f	translate-names	Arkites	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
569	JOS	16	3	w8gi	translate-names	Japhletites	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
570	JOS	16	3	id59	translate-names	Lower Beth Horon…Gezer	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
571	JOS	16	4	u6fy		the tribes of Joseph, Manasseh and Ephraim	“the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim, the sons of Joseph”
572	JOS	16	4	r4qw	figs-metaphor	received their inheritance	The land that the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “received this land as their inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
573	JOS	16	5	f2i9	figs-activepassive	The territory of the tribe of Ephraim, clan by clan	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The territory…that Joshua assigned to their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
574	JOS	16	5	m6lu	translate-names	Ataroth Addar…Upper Beth Horon	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
575	JOS	16	6	vg46	translate-names	Mikmethath…Taanath Shiloh…Janoah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
576	JOS	16	7	uyw7	translate-names	Janoah…Naarah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
577	JOS	16	8	at1t	translate-names	Tappuah…Kanah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
578	JOS	16	8	mb6i	figs-metaphor	This was the inheritance of the tribe of Ephraim	The land that Ephraim possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land that the tribe of Ephraim received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
579	JOS	16	8	ke41	figs-activepassive	clan by clan	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which Joshua assigned to their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
580	JOS	16	9	y6xs	figs-activepassive	the cities that were chosen	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the cities that Joshua had chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
581	JOS	16	9	f1yc	figs-metaphor	within the inheritance of the tribe of Manasseh	The land that the tribe of Manasseh possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “within the land that the tribe of Manasseh had received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
582	JOS	16	10	au8e		to this day	This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
583	JOS	16	10	fth4	figs-activepassive	these people were made to do forced labor	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Israelites forced these people to work as slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
584	JOS	17	intro	m3nk			# Joshua 17 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Manasseh’s lack of faith<br>Even though they were one of the largest and most powerful tribes of Israel, the tribe of Manasseh lacked faith in the power of Yahweh. This caused them many problems. It would also cause their descendants many problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Manasseh, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
585	JOS	17	1	x1fd	figs-rpronouns	firstborn and who himself was	Here “himself” emphasizes that the same person—Makir—was the firstborn of Manasseh and was also the father of Gilead. Alternate translation: “firstborn; he was also” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
586	JOS	17	1	j2sj	translate-names	Makir	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
587	JOS	17	1	zuz5	figs-activepassive	Makir’s descendants were assigned the land of Gilead and Bashan	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned the land of Gilead and Bashan to Makir’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
588	JOS	17	2	al47	translate-names	Abiezer, Helek, Asriel, Shechem, Hepher, and Shemida	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
589	JOS	17	2	us2l	figs-activepassive	Land was assigned…given to their clans	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned land…and gave them to their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
590	JOS	17	3	u2e9	translate-names	Zelophehad…Hepher	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
591	JOS	17	3	k5z5	translate-names	Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milkah, and Tirzah	These are women’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
592	JOS	17	4	x2q2	translate-names	Eleazar	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
593	JOS	17	4	q55m	figs-metaphor	to give to us an inheritance	The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “to give to us some land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
594	JOS	17	4	s6fd		he gave those women an inheritance	Possible meanings are 1) “Joshua gave those women an inheritance” or 2) “Eleazar gave those women an inheritance.”
595	JOS	17	5	d1c3	figs-activepassive	Ten parcels of land were assigned	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned ten parcels of land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
596	JOS	17	5	z7zr		Ten parcels	“Ten portions”
597	JOS	17	6	d9gb	figs-metaphor	received an inheritance	The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “received land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
598	JOS	17	6	qbx1	figs-activepassive	The land of Gilead was assigned	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned the land of Gilead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
599	JOS	17	7	jln6		southward	toward the south
600	JOS	17	7	dfe9	translate-names	Mikmethath…Tappuah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
601	JOS	17	9	k7gp		The border	“The border of Manasseh’s land”
602	JOS	17	9	l2af		brook	a very small river
603	JOS	17	9	qvi8	translate-names	Kanah	name of a brook (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
604	JOS	17	10	mi9b	figs-activepassive	On the north side Asher can be reached	Possible meanings are 1) that the border of Manasseh’s land on the north side touched the land that belonged to the tribe of Asher or 2) that one can travel north to reach Asher. Alternate translation: “Asher was on the north side” or “One can travel north to reach Asher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
605	JOS	17	10	fj36	figs-ellipsis	to the east, Issachar	The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “to the east, one can reach Issachar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
606	JOS	17	11	s1sn	translate-names	Beth Shan…Ibleam…Dor…Endor…Taanach…Megiddo…Napheth	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
607	JOS	17	14	b4j6	figs-explicit	the descendants of Joseph	This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
608	JOS	17	14	sk37	figs-rquestion	Why have you given us only one…Yahweh has blessed us?	The people of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh ask this question to emphasize that Joshua should have assigned to them more land. Alternate translation: “You should have given us more than one…Yahweh has blessed us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
609	JOS	17	14	ju22	figs-doublet	one assignment of land and one portion for an inheritance	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. In the second, the land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “one assignment of land as our inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
610	JOS	17	14	dg92		portion	part
611	JOS	17	14	p7z5		people great in number	“many people”
612	JOS	17	15	d24l		If you are a people great in number	“Since you are a people great in number”
613	JOS	17	15	psc4	translate-names	Rephaim	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
614	JOS	17	16	g788	translate-names	Beth Shan…Jezreel	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
615	JOS	17	17	wa3y	figs-metonymy	the house of Joseph	Here the word “house” refers to the descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
616	JOS	17	18	w4m4		you will clear it	“you will clear the forest of trees” or “you will cut down its trees”
617	JOS	18	intro	j38i			# Joshua 18 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
618	JOS	18	1	fkg2	figs-events	and they conquered the land	They had conquered the people who lived in the land before they set up the tent of meeting. Alternate translation: “after they had conquered the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
619	JOS	18	2	ynk6	figs-metaphor	whose inheritance had not been assigned	The land that the tribes would receive is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to whom Joshua had not assigned land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
620	JOS	18	3	bia9	figs-rquestion	How long will you put off…has given you?	Joshua asks this question in order to encourage the Israelites to take possession of the land. Alternate translation: “For long enough, you have put off…has given you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
621	JOS	18	4	p7hg	figs-idiom	the land up and down	The words “up and down” mean in every direction. Alternate translation: “the land in every direction” or “throughout the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
622	JOS	18	4	zry7		write out a description of it with a view to their inheritances	This means that they will describe the portions of land that each tribe would like to receive for an inheritance.
623	JOS	18	4	lh9w	figs-metaphor	their inheritances	The land that they are to survey is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that each of the tribes would receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
624	JOS	18	5	e13l		General Information:	Joshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel.
625	JOS	18	5	dmy4		They will divide it	“They will divide the land”
626	JOS	18	5	y5gn		Judah will remain	“The tribe of Judah will remain”
627	JOS	18	5	d41l	figs-metonymy	the house of Joseph	Here the word “house” represents the descendants of Joseph. The phrase refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
628	JOS	18	7	v3qr		General Information:	Joshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel.
629	JOS	18	7	e6s8		no portion	“no portion of land”
630	JOS	18	7	kus7	figs-metaphor	for the priesthood of Yahweh is their inheritance	Joshua speaks of the great honor that the Levites have by serving Yahweh as priests as if it were something that they inherited. Alternate translation: “for the priesthood of Yahweh is what they have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
631	JOS	18	7	eqg6		the half tribe of Manasseh	“half of the tribe of Manasseh”
632	JOS	18	7	cyc8	figs-metaphor	have received their inheritance	The land that the tribes received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “have received land as their inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
633	JOS	18	8	t1cr		General Information:	Joshua speaks to the twenty-one men who were to go look at the land.
634	JOS	18	8	p238	figs-idiom	up and down in the land	The words “up and down” mean in every direction. See how you translated this in [Joshua 18:4](../18/04.md). Alternate translation: “in every direction in the land” or “throughout the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
635	JOS	18	10	pz3n	figs-activepassive	to each was given his portion of the land	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to each tribe Joshua gave their portion in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
636	JOS	18	11	hd7v		between the descendants of Judah and the descendants of Joseph	“between the land that belonged to the descendants of Judah and the land that belonged to the descendants of Joseph”
637	JOS	18	11	ib4f	figs-explicit	the descendants of Joseph	This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
638	JOS	18	12	ij99	translate-names	Beth Aven	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
639	JOS	18	13	hx15	translate-names	Luz…Ataroth Addar…Beth Horon	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
640	JOS	18	14	h4e6		The boundary	This refers to the same thing as “the border” in verse 13.
641	JOS	18	14	eq7x	translate-names	Kiriath Baal…Kiriath Jearim	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
642	JOS	18	15	ulq2	translate-names	Kiriath Jearim…Ephron…Nephtoah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
643	JOS	18	16	br6t	translate-names	Ben Hinnom…Rephaim…Hinnom…En Rogel	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
644	JOS	18	17	d8dt	translate-names	En Shemesh…Geliloth…Adummim	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
645	JOS	18	17	z2mh	translate-names	the Stone of Bohan	This was likely a large stone that someone set up as a landmark and named after the man, Bohan. See how you translated this in [Joshua 15:6](../15/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
646	JOS	18	18	g6td	figs-metaphor	the shoulder of Beth Arabah	Land that is in the form of a slope or ridge is spoken of as if it were a shoulder. Alternate translation: “the slope of Beth Arabah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
647	JOS	18	18	b98y	translate-names	Beth Arabah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
648	JOS	18	19	k48g	figs-metaphor	the north shoulder of Beth Hoglah	Land that is in the form of a slope or ridge is spoken of as if it were a shoulder. Alternate translation: “the north slope of Beth Hoglah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
649	JOS	18	19	xy3i	translate-names	Beth Hoglah	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
650	JOS	18	20	ywb2	figs-metaphor	This was the inheritance of the tribe of Benjamin	The land that the tribe of Benjamin received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
651	JOS	18	20	pe6e	figs-activepassive	it was given clan by clan	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joshua gave it to each of their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
652	JOS	18	21	i6af	translate-names	General Information:	The writer lists the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
653	JOS	18	24	jsu9		their villages	“the villages around them”
654	JOS	18	25	nk7k	translate-names	General Information:	The writer continues to list the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
655	JOS	18	28	t3aa	figs-metaphor	This was the inheritance of Benjamin	The land and cities that the tribe of Benjamin received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
656	JOS	19	intro	j62l			# Joshua 19 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
657	JOS	19	1	s149		The second casting of lots fell to Simeon	“The second time Joshua cast lots, the lot indicated the tribe of Simeon”
658	JOS	19	1	gl7x	translate-ordinal	The second	number two in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
659	JOS	19	1	z9r9		clan by clan	“and Joshua assigned the land to each of their clans”
660	JOS	19	1	u57y	figs-metaphor	Their inheritance was in the middle of the inheritance that belonged to the tribe of Judah	The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribes received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “The land that they received as an inheritance was in the middle of the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
661	JOS	19	2	kg51	translate-names	General Information:	The writer lists cities that were in the land that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
662	JOS	19	2	eu6h	figs-metaphor	They had for their inheritance	The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “They had the following cities for their inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
663	JOS	19	5	la4r	translate-names	General Information:	The writer continues to list the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
664	JOS	19	5	f4vb		Ziklag	See how you translated the name of this city in [Joshua 15:31](../15/31.md).
665	JOS	19	8	uc1c	figs-metaphor	This was the inheritance of the tribe of Simeon	The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
666	JOS	19	8	q586	figs-activepassive	clan by clan	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which Joshua gave to their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
667	JOS	19	9	lep5	figs-activepassive	the portion of land assigned to the tribe of Judah	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the portion of land which Joshua assigned to the tribe of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
668	JOS	19	9	p2ji		the middle of their portion	“the middle of Judah’s portion of land”
669	JOS	19	10	f5gu		The third casting of lots	See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
670	JOS	19	10	s2j1	translate-ordinal	The third	number three in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
671	JOS	19	10	vde5	translate-names	Sarid	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
672	JOS	19	11	v9gp	translate-names	Maralah…Dabbesheth…Jokneam	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
673	JOS	19	11	gx7v		opposite Jokneam	“across from Jokneam”
674	JOS	19	12	n9dc	translate-names	Sarid…Kisloth Tabor…Daberath…Japhia	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
675	JOS	19	13	dqd5	translate-names	Gath Hepher…Eth Kazin…Rimmon…Neah	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
676	JOS	19	14	ja4s	translate-names	Hannathon…Iphtah El	These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
677	JOS	19	15	xk4u	translate-names	Kattath…Nahalal…Shimron…Idalah…Bethlehem	These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
678	JOS	19	15	yn5n	translate-names	Bethlehem	This is not the same “Bethlehem” that is south of Jerusalem in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
679	JOS	19	16	a4ee	figs-metaphor	This was the inheritance of the tribe of Zebulun	The land and cities that the tribe of Zebulun received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Zebulun received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
680	JOS	19	17	fum5		The fourth casting of lots	See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
681	JOS	19	17	l33x	translate-ordinal	The fourth	number four in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
682	JOS	19	18	qmg4	translate-names	Chesulloth…Shunem	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
683	JOS	19	19	c3ti	translate-names	Hapharaim…Shion…Anaharath	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
684	JOS	19	20	mft4	translate-names	Rabbith…Kishion…Ebez	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
685	JOS	19	21	b1ex	translate-names	Remeth…En Gannim…En Haddah…Beth Pazzez	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
686	JOS	19	22	hs7i	translate-names	Tabor	This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
687	JOS	19	22	ht1e	translate-names	Shahazumah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
688	JOS	19	23	yll2	figs-metaphor	This was the inheritance of the tribe of Issachar	The land and cities that the tribe of Issachar received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Issachar received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
689	JOS	19	24	lhr4		The fifth casting of lots	See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
690	JOS	19	24	xa5a	translate-ordinal	The fifth	number five in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
691	JOS	19	25	prg9	translate-names	Helkath, Hali, Beten, Akshaph	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
692	JOS	19	26	v6t4	translate-names	Allammelek, Amad, and Mishall…Shihor Libnath	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
693	JOS	19	27	pbh2	translate-names	Beth Dagon…Valley of Iphtah El…Beth Emek…Neiel…Kabul	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
694	JOS	19	28	ht1l	translate-names	Abdon…Rehob…Hammon…Kanah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
695	JOS	19	29	q8wz	translate-names	Hosah…Akzib	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
696	JOS	19	30	y1g5	translate-names	Ummah…Aphek…Rehob	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
697	JOS	19	31	x4aq	figs-metaphor	This was the inheritance of the tribe of Asher	The land and cities that the tribe of Asher received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Asher received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
698	JOS	19	32	jy7g		The sixth casting of lots	See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
699	JOS	19	32	jjm6	translate-ordinal	The sixth	number six in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
700	JOS	19	33	syr4	translate-names	Heleph…Zaanannim…Adami Nekeb…Jabneel…Lakkum	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
701	JOS	19	34	lu5s	translate-names	Aznoth Tabor…Hukkok	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
702	JOS	19	35	h8p6	translate-names	Ziddim…Zer…Hammath…Rakkath…Kinnereth	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
703	JOS	19	35	lq51		Hammath	This is not the same location as “Hamath,” but is located on the west shore of the Sea of Galilee.
704	JOS	19	36	e379	translate-names	Adamah…Ramah…Hazor	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
705	JOS	19	37	vez5	translate-names	Kedesh…Edrei…En Hazor	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
706	JOS	19	38	jp9v	translate-names	Yiron…Migdal El…Horem…Beth Anath	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
707	JOS	19	39	s9en	figs-metaphor	This was the inheritance of the tribe of Naphtali	The land and cities that the tribe of Naphtali received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Naphtali received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
708	JOS	19	40	q3a2		The seventh casting of lots	See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
709	JOS	19	40	b1tt	translate-ordinal	The seventh	number seven in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
710	JOS	19	41	d7it	figs-metaphor	The territory of its inheritance	The land that the tribe of Dan received is spoken of as if it was an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “The territory of land that the tribe of Dan received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
711	JOS	19	41	b8bg	translate-names	Zorah, Eshtaol, Ir Shemesh	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
712	JOS	19	42	q637	translate-names	Shaalabbin, Aijalon, and Ithlah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
713	JOS	19	43	sht1	translate-names	Elon, Timnah, Ekron	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
714	JOS	19	44	gca7	translate-names	Eltekeh, Gibbethon, Baalath	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
715	JOS	19	45	yan4	translate-names	Jehud, Bene Berak, Gath Rimmon	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
716	JOS	19	46	ddh6	translate-names	Me Jarkon…Rakkon	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
717	JOS	19	46	w42c		across from Joppa	“opposite Joppa” or “beside Joppa”
718	JOS	19	47	i8zh	translate-names	Leshem	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
719	JOS	19	48	cx9h	figs-metaphor	This was the inheritance of the tribe of Dan	The land and cities that the tribe of Dan received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Dan received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
720	JOS	19	49	jzi6	figs-metaphor	gave an inheritance among themselves to Joshua son of Nun	The city that Joshua received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “gave a city within their own land as an inheritance to Joshua son of Nun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
721	JOS	19	50	ac8r	translate-names	Timnath Serah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
722	JOS	19	51	cs47	figs-metaphor	These are the inheritances…assigned	The land and cities that the various tribes received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “These are the portions of land and the cities…assigned as inheritances” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
723	JOS	20	intro	vg5f			# Joshua 20 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Cities of Refuge<br><br>If a person was killed, it was the duty of his relatives to kill the killer. If the death was an accident, this would be unfair. Therefore, God told the Israelites to make cities of refuge for a person who killed someone accidentally. In the city where he sought refuge, his case would be solved legally: “Do this so that one who unintentionally kills a person can go there. These cities will be a place of refuge from anyone who seeks to avenge the blood of a person who was killed.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/refuge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]])<br>
724	JOS	20	2	qhs6	figs-metonymy	by the hand of Moses	Here “hand of Moses” refers to the scriptures that Moses wrote down. Alternate translation: “through the things that Moses wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
725	JOS	20	3	a1vg		unintentionally kills	This happens when a person accidentally kills another person, without intending to do so.
726	JOS	20	3	h73b	figs-metonymy	avenge the blood of a person who was killed	Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
727	JOS	20	4	u2dh		He will run	Here the word “he” refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone.
728	JOS	20	4	p1sg		explain his case to the elders of that city	“convince the elders of that city that he had not intentionally killed the person.
729	JOS	20	4	dhh4		Then they will take him	The word “they” refers to the elders and “him” refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone.
730	JOS	20	4	k969		live among them	This refers to the city as a whole, not to the elders only.
731	JOS	20	5	x945	figs-metonymy	avenge the blood of the person who was killed	Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Joshua 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
732	JOS	20	5	u27s		killed his neighbor unintentionally	accidentally killed his neighbor
733	JOS	20	6	c6fe		stood before the assembly	This is a phrase that describes standing to seek justice from a court of the assembly of his fellow citizens.
734	JOS	20	7	lyr5	translate-names	General Information:	There are a lot of names in this section. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
735	JOS	20	8	cy8e		the Jordan	This is a short name for the Jordan River.
736	JOS	20	9	b89x	figs-idiom	would not die by the hand of the one	Here “by the hand” is an idiom that means to be the specific cause of something. Alternate translation: “would not be killed by the one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
737	JOS	20	9	j61z	figs-metonymy	avenge the blood that was shed	This can be stated in active form. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Joshua 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
738	JOS	21	intro	pp5c			# Joshua 21 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Levi. Even though they did not receive a large piece of land like the other tribes, they did receive small pieces of land to live on and for their animals. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
739	JOS	21	1	js4y	translate-names	Eleazar…Nun	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
740	JOS	21	2	wk1t		They said to them	“The Levites said to them”
741	JOS	21	2	wk1m	figs-idiom	Yahweh commanded you by the hand of Moses	The phrase “by the hand of” is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Moses to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “Yahweh told Moses to command you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
742	JOS	21	3	f9ei		following cities	This refers to the cities to be listed in the next verses.
743	JOS	21	4	r4ry		casting of lots	A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
744	JOS	21	4	fl2y	translate-names	Kohathites	This priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
745	JOS	21	5	iwh3		half tribe	Half the tribe because the other half received their inheritance before crossing the Jordan River.
746	JOS	21	6	bk5g	translate-names	Gershon	Gershon was one of the sons of Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
747	JOS	21	6	ezu2		casting of lots	A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
748	JOS	21	7	cg61	translate-names	Merari	Merari was one of the sons of Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
749	JOS	21	8	qe5y	figs-metonymy	Yahweh had commanded by the hand of Moses	The phrase “by the hand of” here means that Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “Yahweh had told Moses to command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
750	JOS	21	10	t6l2	translate-names	clans of the Kohathites	The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. See how you translated this in [Joshua 21:2](../21/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
751	JOS	21	10	tnp1		casting of lots	A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
752	JOS	21	11	vkd2	writing-background	Arba had been the father of Anak	This is background information about the name of the man who founded the city of Kiriath Arba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
753	JOS	21	11	mn2g	translate-names	Anak	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
754	JOS	21	11	vd7d		hill country	An area of land with natural elevations, smaller than mountains.
755	JOS	21	11	kwe7		pasturelands	An area covered with grass or plants suitable for the grazing of livestock or cattle.
756	JOS	21	12	aj9s		fields of the city	Areas of open land, usually, planted with crops, belonging to and surrounding the city.
757	JOS	21	12	uz84		villages	Small communities, usually smaller than a town.
758	JOS	21	13	p1nr	translate-names	Libnah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
759	JOS	21	14	q8gl	translate-names	Jattir…Eshtemoa	These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
760	JOS	21	15	cb4t	translate-names	Holon…Debir	These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
761	JOS	21	16	bx8i	translate-names	Ain…Juttah	These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
762	JOS	21	17	e8r4	figs-activepassive	From the tribe of Benjamin were given Gibeon	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Benjamin gave Gibeon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
763	JOS	21	17	fd6z	translate-names	Geba	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
764	JOS	21	18	sk7n	translate-names	Anathoth…Almon	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
765	JOS	21	19	ha9f	translate-numbers	thirteen cities	“13 cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
766	JOS	21	20	lfp9	translate-names	the Kohathite clans	The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
767	JOS	21	20	x8eu	figs-activepassive	they had cities given to them	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they received cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
768	JOS	21	20	tg75		casting of lots	A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
769	JOS	21	21	kz7k	translate-names	Gezer	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
770	JOS	21	22	tv2m	translate-names	Kibzaim…Beth Horon	names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
771	JOS	21	22	r4hl	translate-numbers	four cities in all	This refers to the list by the total number. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
772	JOS	21	23	dw9x	figs-activepassive	From the tribe of Dan, the clan of Kohath was given Eltekeh	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Dan gave to the clan of Kohath Eltekeh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
773	JOS	21	23	p4cx	translate-names	the clan of Kohath	The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Joshua 21:20](../21/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
774	JOS	21	23	r7qr	translate-names	Eltekeh…Gibbethon	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
775	JOS	21	24	g45w	translate-names	Aijalon…Gath Rimmon	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
776	JOS	21	24	g4ma	translate-numbers	four cities	This refers to the number of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
777	JOS	21	25	e6cl	figs-activepassive	From the half tribe of Manasseh, the clan of Kohath was given Taanach	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The half tribe of Manasseh gave to the clan of Kohath Taanach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
778	JOS	21	25	yn8h	translate-names	Taanach…Gath Rimmon	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
779	JOS	21	25	acv2	translate-names	clan of Kohath	The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
780	JOS	21	26	hn9j	translate-names	clans of the Kohathites	The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
781	JOS	21	27	ws1t	figs-activepassive	From the half tribe of Manasseh, to clans of Gershon, these were other Levite clans, and they gave Golan	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The half tribe of Manasseh, other Levite clans, received from the half tribe of Manasseh Golan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
782	JOS	21	27	knk6	translate-names	Golan…Be Eshterah	names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
783	JOS	21	27	bmc9		killed another unintentionally	This refers to a death resulting from an action not intended to harm a person.
784	JOS	21	27	a1zs	translate-numbers	two cities	number of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
785	JOS	21	28	mnd6	figs-activepassive	To the clans of Gershon they also gave Kishion	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The clans of Gershon also received Kishion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
786	JOS	21	28	r9hc	translate-names	Kishion…Daberath	names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
787	JOS	21	29	u8z9	translate-names	Jarmuth…En Gannim	names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
788	JOS	21	30	rbf6	figs-activepassive	From the tribe of Asher, they gave Mishal	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They received from the tribe of Asher Mishal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
789	JOS	21	30	px1s	translate-names	Mishal…Abdon	names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
790	JOS	21	31	ziw8	translate-names	Helkath…Rehob	names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
791	JOS	21	32	d2vi	figs-activepassive	From the tribe of Naphtali, they gave the clans of Gershon Kedesh	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The clans of Gershon received from the tribe of Naphtali Kedesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
792	JOS	21	32	am3t	translate-names	Gershon	This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
793	JOS	21	32	h2j8	translate-names	Hammoth Dor…Kartan	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
794	JOS	21	33	c7dt	translate-numbers	thirteen cities in all	“13 cities in total” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
795	JOS	21	34	yuv3	figs-activepassive	To the rest of the Levites—the clans of Merari—were given out of the tribe of Zebulun: Jokneam	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: The rest of the Levites—the clans of Merari—received from the tribe of Zebulun Jokneam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
796	JOS	21	34	ws8g	translate-names	Merari	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
797	JOS	21	34	ng32	translate-names	Jokneam…Kartah	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
798	JOS	21	35	ek4f	translate-names	Dimnah…Nahalal	names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
799	JOS	21	36	k56r	figs-activepassive	To the clans of Merari were given from the tribe of Reuben: Bezer	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The clans of Merari received from the tribe of Reuben Bezer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
800	JOS	21	36	dh5c	translate-names	Bezer…Jahaz	names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
801	JOS	21	37	jbp6	translate-numbers	four cities	This refers to the total number of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
802	JOS	21	37	e538	translate-names	Kedemoth…Mephaath	names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
803	JOS	21	38	dc79	figs-activepassive	Out of the tribe of Gad they were given Ramoth	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They received from the tribe of Gad Ramoth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
804	JOS	21	38	r7m5	translate-names	Ramoth…Mahanaim	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
805	JOS	21	39	qf5v	figs-activepassive	The clans of Merari were also given Heshbon	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The clans of Merari also received Heshbon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
806	JOS	21	39	a2l1	translate-names	Heshbon…Jazer	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
807	JOS	21	40	x17x	translate-numbers	twelve cities in all	“12 cities in total” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
808	JOS	21	40	q83e	figs-activepassive	twelve cities in all were given to them by the casting of lots	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they received these twelve cities by the casting of lots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
809	JOS	21	40	at28		casting of lots	A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
810	JOS	21	41	g7z1	figs-activepassive	The cities of the Levites taken from the middle of the land	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Levites received their cities from the middle of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
811	JOS	21	41	z9gj	translate-numbers	forty-eight cities	“48 cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
812	JOS	21	43	q5na		he swore	“he gave an oath”
813	JOS	21	44	t1a4	figs-litotes	Not one of their enemies could defeat them	This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. Alternate translation: “They defeated every one of their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
814	JOS	21	44	lg6d	figs-metonymy	gave all their enemies into their hand	Here “into their hand” means “into their power.” Alternate translation: “gave them power to defeat all their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
815	JOS	21	45	u1ik	figs-litotes	Not one thing among all the good promises that Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel failed to come true	This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. Alternate translation: “Every one of the good promises that Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel came true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
816	JOS	22	intro	l4hr			# Joshua 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The division of the land is completed in this chapter. Additionally, the soldiers who received land on the east side of the Jordan River were released to go home.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tribes east of the Jordan River build a monument<br><br>The tribes east of the Jordan River said, “Let us now build an altar, not for burnt offerings nor for any sacrifices, but to be a witness between us and you, and between our generations after us, that we will perform the service of Yahweh before him, with our burnt offerings and with our sacrifices and with our peace offerings, so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, ‘You have no share in Yahweh.’” They went home even though the Israelites had not fully conquered the land.<br>
817	JOS	22	1	ic3e	translate-names	Reubenites	people of the tribe of Reuben (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
818	JOS	22	1	w3xd	translate-names	Gadites	people of the tribe of Gad (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
819	JOS	22	2	x8l8	figs-metonymy	obeyed my voice	Here “my voice” refers to the things that Joshua had said. Alternate translation: “obeyed everything I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
820	JOS	22	3	a89l	figs-litotes	You have not deserted your brothers	This can be stated in a positive way. Alternate translation: “You have remained with your brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
821	JOS	22	5	zh9u	figs-metaphor	to walk in all his ways	A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if he were walking on Yahweh’s ways or roads. Alternate translation: “to obey everything he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
822	JOS	22	5	r5dh	figs-synecdoche	with all your heart and with all your soul	The terms “heart” and “soul” are here used together to refer to the entire person. Alternate translation: “with all you think and feel” or “with your entire being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
823	JOS	22	7	k89d		the Jordan	This was a short name for the Jordan River.
824	JOS	22	8	w4re		iron	a strong, hard, magnetic metal
825	JOS	22	8	k79c		plunder	The winning army would take everything of value from the people they conquered.
826	JOS	22	9	cmc4	figs-idiom	the commandment of Yahweh, by the hand of Moses	The phrase “by the hand of” is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Moses to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “the commandment that Yahweh told Moses to give to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
827	JOS	22	10	iy3p		the Jordan	This was a short name for the Jordan River.
828	JOS	22	11	ww1z	figs-metaphor	at the front of the land of Canaan	The Israelite tribes who lived across the Jordan River would enter Canaan at the place where they built the altar. This place is spoken of as if it was the “front” or “entrance” to Canaan where the other tribes lived. Alternate translation: “at the entrance to the land of Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
829	JOS	22	11	yqa5	translate-names	Geliloth	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
830	JOS	22	12	v3q5		war	a state of armed conflict between two nations or people groups
831	JOS	22	13	t232	translate-names	Eleazar	name of man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
832	JOS	22	16	sy2y		The whole assembly of Yahweh says this	All the people of Israel are spoken of together in the singular as if they were one person. Alternate translation: “All the other Israelites are asking”
833	JOS	22	17	lcv2	figs-rquestion	Was our sin at Peor not enough for us?	This question emphasizes how serious their previous sin was. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “We had already sinned terribly at Peor!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
834	JOS	22	17	b18v	translate-names	Peor	This is name of a place. Translate the same way as in [Joshua 13:20](../13/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
835	JOS	22	17	ie2t	figs-litotes	we have not even now cleansed ourselves from it	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “we are still dealing with the guilt of that sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
836	JOS	22	18	b5xk	figs-rquestion	Must you also turn away from following Yahweh at this present day?	This question is used to rebuke the people for their sin. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You must not turn away from following Yahweh today!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
837	JOS	22	20	kyw7	translate-names	Achan…Zerah	names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
838	JOS	22	20	v3qy	figs-rquestion	Did not Achan son of Zerah break faith in the matter of those things that had been reserved for God? Did not wrath fall on all the people of Israel?	These questions are used to remind the people of the punishment for past sins. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “Achan son of Zerah sinned by taking things that had been reserved for God. And because of that God punished all the people of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
839	JOS	22	22	x5pm	figs-hypo	If it was in rebellion…on this day	The three tribes are making a hypothetical statement that they insist is not true. They did not build the altar in rebellion or breach of faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
840	JOS	22	23	sku4	figs-hypo	If we built…let Yahweh make us pay for it	The three tribes are making a hypothetical statement that they insist is not true. They did not build the altar to worship another god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
841	JOS	22	24	cei9		General Information:	The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now give their answer.
842	JOS	22	24	xpn5	figs-hypo	your children might say to our children…God of Israel?	This is a hypothetical accusation that the three tribes think the children of the other tribes may make sometime in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
843	JOS	22	24	qr6z	figs-rquestion	What have you to do with Yahweh, the God of Israel?	The three tribes use this rhetorical question to emphasize the situation they are trying to avoid. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have nothing to do with Yahweh, the God of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
844	JOS	22	25	qfc4		General Information:	The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh continue their answer.
845	JOS	22	25	w2sv	figs-hypo	For Yahweh has made the Jordan…nothing to do with Yahweh	This is the continuation of the hypothetical accusation that the three tribes think the children of the other tribes may make sometime in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
846	JOS	22	25	w3az		the Jordan	This is a short name for the Jordan River.
847	JOS	22	25	iy97	figs-hypo	So your children might make our children cease to worship Yahweh	The three tribes built the altar to avoid this hypothetical situation from happening in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
848	JOS	22	26	ueg6		General Information:	The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now give their answer.
849	JOS	22	27	m97u	figs-metaphor	to be a witness between us and you	The altar is spoken of as if it were a witness that could testify to the rights of the three tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
850	JOS	22	27	gs6k	figs-hypo	so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, “You have no share in Yahweh.”	This is the hypothetical situation that the three tribes did not want to happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
851	JOS	22	27	n3i9		no share	“no portion” or “no inheritance”
852	JOS	22	28	bf3h		General Information:	The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now finish their answer.
853	JOS	22	28	kuu5	figs-hypo	If this should be said…a witness between us and you.”	The three tribes are describing their potential answer to an accusation that might or might not be made at a future time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
854	JOS	22	29	b4w1	figs-idiom	May it be far from us that we should rebel	The unlikely chance that they would rebel is spoken of as if it is something that is a great distance away from them. Alternate translation: “We would certainly not rebel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
855	JOS	22	29	i8y4	figs-metaphor	turn away from following him	To stop following Yahweh is spoken of as if they were turning away from him. Alternate translation: “stop following him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
856	JOS	22	30	ysf8		heard the words	“heard the message”
857	JOS	22	30	i3xp	figs-idiom	was good in their eyes	Here “in their eyes” means “in their opinion.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
858	JOS	22	31	ab6h		committed this breach of faith against him	“broken your promise to him”
859	JOS	22	31	w1fn	figs-metonymy	you have rescued the people of Israel out of the hand of Yahweh	Here “the hand of Yahweh” refers to his punishment. Protecting the people is spoken of as rescuing them from his hand. Alternate translation: “you have kept Yahweh from punishing us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
860	JOS	22	33	pn48	figs-idiom	Their report was good in the eyes of the people	Here “good in the eyes” means “accepted.” Alternate translation: “The people accepted the report of the leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
861	JOS	22	33	h5hk		destroy the land	“destroy everything in the land”
862	JOS	22	34	l8f9		for they said	This refers to the Reubenites and Gadites.
863	JOS	22	34	xf56	figs-metaphor	It is a witness between us	The altar is spoken of as if it were a witness that could testify for the three tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
864	JOS	23	intro	v3r6			# Joshua 23 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Joshua’s final words to Israel (Joshua 23-24)<br><br>“Do not marry with the heathen people but drive them out.” ##### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land because if the Israelites married the Canaanites, the Canaanites would cause them to worship other gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
865	JOS	23	2	vyz9	figs-doublet	old and well advanced in years	This doublet can be translated as “very old.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
866	JOS	23	4	t22f		the Jordan	This is a short name for the Jordan River.
867	JOS	23	4	bf99		in the west	This indicates the direction of the setting sun.
868	JOS	23	6	w84i	figs-metaphor	turning aside from it neither to the right hand nor to the left	Disobeying the commands of the law of Moses is spoken of as turning to the right or to the left away from a path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
869	JOS	23	7	mc72		you may not mix	Possible meanings are 1) having close friendship with them or 2) intermarrying with them.
870	JOS	23	7	vkw6		mention	to speak of
871	JOS	23	7	wbj7		their gods	This refers to the gods of the remaining nations.
872	JOS	23	8	k6my	figs-metaphor	cling to Yahweh	“hold tightly to Yahweh.” Believing in Yahweh is spoken of as if they were holding tightly onto him. Alternate translation: “continue to believe in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
873	JOS	23	8	q6qx		to this day	“until the present time”
874	JOS	23	9	wf3v	figs-metonymy	to stand before you	Here “stand” represents holding ground in a battle. The word “you” refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
875	JOS	23	10	iar1		single	only one
876	JOS	23	10	lx1z	translate-numbers	a thousand	“1,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
877	JOS	23	12	i2mf	figs-metaphor	cling to the survivors of these nations	Accepting the beliefs of these nations is spoken of as holding tightly to them. Alternate translation: “accept the beliefs of the survivors of these nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
878	JOS	23	13	pdx3	figs-doublet	a snare and a trap	The words “snare” and “trap” mean basically the same thing. Together they speak of the other nations as if they were a deadly trap that will cause trouble for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
879	JOS	23	13	ut82	figs-metaphor	whips on your backs and thorns in your eyes	These phrases speak of the troubles these nations will cause Israel as if they were as painful as whips and thorns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
880	JOS	23	14	ba62	figs-euphemism	I am going the way of all the earth	Joshua uses a polite term to refer to his death. Alternate translation: “I am going to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
881	JOS	23	14	x3c7	figs-doublet	know with all your hearts and souls	Here the words “hearts” and “souls” have similar meanings. Together they emphasize deep personal knowledge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
882	JOS	23	14	vtt2	figs-doublenegatives	not one word has failed to come true	These words emphasize that Yahweh’s promises have all occurred. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “every word has come true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
883	JOS	23	16	bqx7		He will do this	This refers to the punishment threatened in the previous verse.
884	JOS	23	16	xwa3	figs-parallelism	worship other gods and bow down to them	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second describes how the people “worship other gods.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
885	JOS	23	16	wz7d	figs-metaphor	the anger of Yahweh will be kindled against you	“Kindled” here is a metaphor for the beginning of Yahweh’s anger, like a fire is “kindled” or started with “kindling” or very easy to start burning like dried grass or small twigs. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will begin to be angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
886	JOS	24	intro	yqa8			# Joshua 24 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Joshua’s instructions<br>In this chapter, Joshua gives the leaders and people instructions in preparation for his death. It was common in the Ancient Near East for important leaders to do this. Unfortunately, the people of Israel did not listen to Joshua’s instructions.<br>
887	JOS	24	1	e4nq	figs-metaphor	Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel	Joshua’s summons to the tribes is spoken of as if he gathered them together in a basket. Alternate translation: “Joshua asked all the tribes of Israel to meet with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
888	JOS	24	1	c7pt		presented themselves before	“came and stood in front of” or “came before”
889	JOS	24	2	tn5x		long ago	“many years ago”
890	JOS	24	2	y8s6		This is what	Joshua begins to quote what Yahweh had said previously. The quotation continues until the end of verse 13.
891	JOS	24	2	uke1	translate-names	Terah…Nahor	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
892	JOS	24	3	h2vy		General Information:	Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
893	JOS	24	4	z8e8	translate-names	Seir	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
894	JOS	24	4	azj7		went down	Egypt was lower in elevation that the land of Canaan. Alternate translation: “traveled”
895	JOS	24	5	hrk4		General Information:	Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
896	JOS	24	5	shc6	figs-you	brought you out	The word “you” is plural and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
897	JOS	24	6	uxu8	figs-you	brought your ancestors out	The word “your” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
898	JOS	24	7	w52l		General Information:	Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
899	JOS	24	7	t8kg	figs-you	your ancestors…you	Yahweh continually alternates between these two phrases, which both refer to all the Israelites, past and present. The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
900	JOS	24	7	rv8q		the sea	This refers to the Sea of Reeds.
901	JOS	24	7	gqs1		in the wilderness	an uninhabited area, a desert
902	JOS	24	8	jpf2		General Information:	Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
903	JOS	24	8	xwk4	figs-you	you	The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
904	JOS	24	8	ew9g		the Jordan	This is a short name for the Jordan River.
905	JOS	24	8	wu3t	figs-metonymy	gave them into your hand	Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “enabled you to conquer them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
906	JOS	24	9	wi7h		General Information:	Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
907	JOS	24	9	eb7h	translate-names	Balak…Zippor	men’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
908	JOS	24	9	l9gd	figs-you	you	The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
909	JOS	24	10	jr3f	figs-metonymy	rescued you out of his hand	Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “enabled you to overcome him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
910	JOS	24	11	wlg7		General Information:	Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
911	JOS	24	11	b324	figs-you	You	The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
912	JOS	24	11	jx4u		the Jordan	This is a short name for the Jordan River.
913	JOS	24	12	d1wr		the hornet	A small fast flying stinging insect that lives in colonies. Here, many “hornets” are spoken of as only one.
914	JOS	24	13	qv5z		General Information:	Joshua finishes quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
915	JOS	24	15	gei6	figs-metaphor	If it seems wrong in your eyes	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or desire. Alternate translation: “If you do not want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
916	JOS	24	15	bff7	figs-metonymy	my house	This represents his family that lives in his house. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
917	JOS	24	17	uf71	figs-pronouns	us and our ancestors…we	The people speak as if they were present with their ancestors, and interchange the words “us” and “we” with “our ancestors.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
918	JOS	24	17	n1g2	figs-idiom	house of slavery	Here “house” is an idiom that refers to the location of their slavery. Alternate translation: “place where we were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
919	JOS	24	17	v2lc		nations through whom we passed	“nations that we passed through”
920	JOS	24	19	in4p		people	This refers to the Israelites.
921	JOS	24	19	di8z		he is a jealous God	God wants his people to worship only him.
922	JOS	24	20	l4yi	figs-metaphor	He will consume you	Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if he was a fire that would destroy them. Alternate translation: “He will destroy you as with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
923	JOS	24	21	mt8s		people	This refers to the Israelites.
924	JOS	24	23	h48g	figs-metaphor	turn your heart to Yahweh	Deciding to obey Yahweh only is spoken of as turning their heart towards him. Here “heart” represents the whole person. In this case, “heart” is plural because it refers to all the Israelites as a single group. However, it may be best to translate it in the plural since “your” is plural. Alternate translation: “turn yourselves to Yahweh” or “decide to obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
925	JOS	24	24	ut8c		people	This refers to the Israelites.
926	JOS	24	24	yq9g	figs-metonymy	We will listen to his voice	Here “listen” means to obey. Alternate translation: “We will obey everything he tells us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
927	JOS	24	25	g8by	figs-metaphor	He put in place decrees and laws	Establishing laws is spoken of as if Joshua physically set them in place like monuments. Alternate translation: “He established decrees and laws” or “He gave them laws and decrees to obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
928	JOS	24	26	n7ac		the Book of the law of God	This appears to be a continuation of the writings of Moses.
929	JOS	24	26	ct9g		set it up there	“placed it there”
930	JOS	24	27	u7ad		people	This refers to the Israelites.
931	JOS	24	27	mkt9	figs-personification	this stone will be a testimony…It has heard all the words	The stone that Joshua set up is spoken of as if it were a person who heard what was spoken and would be able to testify about what was said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
932	JOS	24	27	h23i		should you ever	“if you ever”
933	JOS	24	29	e9uy	translate-numbers	110 years old	“one hundred and ten years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
934	JOS	24	30	iyt3	translate-names	Timnath Serah…Mount Gaash	names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
935	JOS	24	31	gf2q	figs-idiom	all of Joshua’s days	This is an idiom that refers to Joshua’s entire life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
936	JOS	24	31	r7xz		outlived Joshua	“lived longer than Joshua”
937	JOS	24	32	a3ik		The bones of Joseph…they buried them at Shechem,	It may be helpful to change the order of the beginning of this sentence. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel brought the bones of Joseph up out of Egypt and buried them at Shechem”
938	JOS	24	32	ve2g	translate-numbers	one hundred pieces	“100 pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
939	JOS	24	33	ur16	translate-names	Eleazar	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
940	JOS	24	33	rv7j	translate-names	Gibeah	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

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