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Luke 06 General Notes
Structure and formatting
Luke 6:20-49 contains many blessings and woes which appear to correspond to Matthew 5-7. This part of Matthew has traditionally been called the "Sermon on the Mount." In Luke, they are not as connected to a teaching on the kingdom of God as they are in Matthew's gospel. (See: rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod)
Special concepts in this chapter
"Eating the grain"
It was a culturally acceptable practice for travelers to pluck and eat small amounts of grain from plants in fields they traveled through or near. The law of Moses required farmers to allow this. The Pharisees considered it to be "gleaning," and thus working, and because the law of Moses forbade working on the Sabbath, the Pharisees forbade plucking and eating grain on the Sabbath. (See: rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses, rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works and rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath)
Important figures of speech in this chapter
Metaphor
It was common for Jesus to use metaphors as a way to teach people about complex spiritual truths. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
Rhetorical Questions
Jesus used rhetorical questions to teach people and to condemn them. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)
Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
Implicit information
Luke often includes information that would have been implicitly understood by people in the ancient Near East that may not be understood by people in a different culture today. An example is the expectation of a time of judgment in the future or possibly that people will be judged at the end of their life (Luke 6:37). (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)
The twelve disciples
The following are the lists of the twelve disciples: In Matthew: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot.
In Mark: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James the son of Zebedee, John the son of Zebedee (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder), Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot.
In Luke: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James, the son of Alphaeus, Simon, who was called the Zealot, Judas, the son of James, and Judas Iscariot.
It is probable that Thaddaeus and Judas, the son of James, are two names of the same person.